A kutatás az egyik leghosszabb időintervallumot, 68 évet felölelő nyomon követéses vizsgálat. A vizsgálati mintában két férfiakból álló csoport szerepel (268 diák a harvard
ról és 456 a bostoni jogi egyetemről), akiket fiatalkoruktól kezdve követtek nyomon, vizsgálva az „egészséges” öregedés bejóslóit (Vaillant 1977). A kétévente történő fel
mérések során többek között az alapvető személyiségvonásokat, a társas tényezőket, családi kapcsolataik alakulását, tanulmányi előmenetelüket és a biológiai érés folyama
tait monitorozták. ötévenként részletes orvosi kivizsgáláson vettek részt.
A kutatási eredményekből a pozitív gondolkodás és az egészség összefüggéseit ragadnánk ki. peterson és Bossio (1991) többek között azt elemezték, hogy a fizikailag egészséges és sikeres egyetemi hallgatók milyen okokkal magyarázták kritikus élethelyzeteiket. Az oktulajdonítás következő három dimenzióját különítették el:
1. álta lános érvényű, illetve egyszeri, esetleges; 2. stabil, illetve csak az adott helyzetre érvényes; 3. belső és külső, a személy akaratától, törekvéseitől, személyiségvonásaitól függő, illetve attól független okokra vezették vissza. A szerzők az általános, stabil és belső oktulaj donítást tekintették pesszimistának, míg ezzel szemben az egyszeri, csak az adott helyzetre érvényes és a külső okkal érvelő oktulajdonítást optimistának. A fentiek alapján tehát az optimista szemlélettel jellemezhető egyén általában a következőképpen vélekedik kritikus élethelyzetéről: „Bármi okozta is a kedvezőtlen eseményt, ez holnap már nem lesz érvényben.” A kutatás fő eredménye, hogy a fiatalkorban meghatározott optimizmus és az évtizedekkel később felmért egészségi állapot között viszonylag szoros kapcsolat van (r = 0,37, p<0,01), ami erősebb, mint a dohányzás és a tüdőrák között mutatkozó együttjárás (kulcsár 1998).
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Nagy henriett és oláh Attila