• Nem Talált Eredményt

GPS és internet alapú térinformatikai alkalmazás a mezőgazdasági szaktanácsadás támogatására megtekintése

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Ossza meg "GPS és internet alapú térinformatikai alkalmazás a mezőgazdasági szaktanácsadás támogatására megtekintése"

Copied!
11
0
0

Teljes szövegt

(1)

*36pVLQWHUQHWDODS~WpULQIRUPDWLNDLDONDOPD]iVD PH] JD]GDViJLV]DNWDQiFVDGiVWiPRJDWiViUD

6]DEy-

%DNRV/

3iV]WRU/

&VHUYHQiN5

3RJUiQ\L.

07$7$.,*,6/DERU%XGDSHVW+HUPDQ2WWy~W

+XQJDUR&$'.IW%XGDSHVW%RJiUXWFDE

g66=()2*/$/È6

$ WHUP I|OGGHO NDSFVRODWRV NO|QE|] WtSXV~ pV OpSWpN WpUNpSL WRYiEEi OHtUy DGDWRN KDUPRQL]iFLyMD HJ\VpJHV WpULQIRUPDWLNDL UHQGV]HUEHQ W|UWpQ LQWHJUiFLyMD HVHWOHJHV LQWHUQHWHVV]ROJiOWDWiVDQHPFVDND1HP]HWL$JUiUN|UQ\H]HWL3URJUDPPHJYDOyVtWiViQDN IHOWpWHOH KDQHP D NDSFVROyGy V]DNWDQiFVDGiVW pV D KDWyViJL HOOHQ U]pVW LV V]ROJiOMD 6]DNPDL HJ\WWP N|GpV NHUHWpEHQ HJ\ PH] JD]GDViJL ]HP WiSDQ\DJJD]GiONRGiVL V]DNWDQiFVDGiVLUHQGV]HULJpQ\HLQHNNLHOpJtWpVpUHLQWHUQHWDODS~LQWHJUiOWWpULQIRUPDWLNDL DONDOPD]iVWIHMOHV]WHWWQNDSi]PiQGL$JURPDUN0H] JD]GDViJL6]|YHWNH]HWWHUOHWpUH$

WRSRJUiILiUDDGRPERU]DWUDDWDODMWXODMGRQViJRNUDDP YHOpVLHJ\VpJHNUHYDODPLQWD ELUWRNYLV]RQ\RNUD YRQDWNR]y WpUNpSL pV OHtUy DGDWRNEyO iOOy ³LQWHOOLJHQV WpUNpSL DODS~

WiEODW|U]VN|Q\YL UHQGV]HUW´ LQWHUQHWHV DODSUD KHO\H]WN pV HJ\ LQWUDQHW V]HUYHUHQ V]ROJiOWDWMXN (] D WpULQIRUPDWLNDL V]HUYHU HOpUKHW PRELO NOLHQVHNU O LV PHO\HN *36 NiUW\D LOOHV]WpVpYHO UHDOWLPH LQVLWX WpULQIRUPDWLNDL WiPRJDWiV~ IHOYpWHOH]pVW WHV]QHN OHKHW Yp$NLpStWHWWUHQGV]HUDWiSDQ\DJJD]GiONRGiVLV]DNWDQiFVDGiVWHUHSLPXQNiODWDLW KDWpNRQ\DQVHJtWL

.XOFVV]DYDN*,6*36LQWHUQHWDODS~WpULQIRUPDWLNDWHUHSLHV]N|]|NV]DNWDQiFVDGiV

$%675$&7

*36DQGLQWHUQHWEDVHG*,6DSSOLFDWLRQ IRUWKHVXSSRUWRIDJULFXOWXUDODGYLVRU\V\VWHPV -6]DEy/%DNRV/3iV]WRU5&VHUYHQiN.3RJUiQ\L

5,66$&*,6/DE%XGDSHVW++HUPDQ2WWy~W

+XQJDUR&$'/WG%XGDSHVW+%RJiUXWFDE

*,6 DGDSWDWLRQ DQG GLJLWDO UHDPEXODWLRQ RI ODUJHVFDOH LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ ODQG UHVRXUFHV RULJLQDWLQJIURPYDULRXVVXUYH\VDQGVRXUFHVKDVEHFRPHDNH\LVVXHLQ+XQJDU\GXHWKH UHFHQW FKDOOHQJHV OLNH UHTXLUHPHQWV UDLVHG E\ +XQJDU\¶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iU)DFXOW\RI$QLPDO6FLHQFH.DSRVYiU

(2)

ZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHH[SHFWHG\LHOG$SRWHQWLDOVWHSLQWKHLPSURYHPHQWRIWKHVHDGYLVRU\

DQGUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV\VWHPVFRXOGDOVREHWKHH[WHQVLRQRIWKHLUVSDWLDOIHDWXUHVWKDWLV LQWHJUDWLQJWKHPZLWK*,6$FRPSOH[*,V\VWHPZDVHODERUDWHGE\WKH*,6/DERUDWRU\RI 5,66$& LQ FORVH FRRSHUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 3ODQW DQG 6RLO &RQVHUYDWLRQ 6HUYLFH RI )HMpU

&RXQW\IRUWKHZKROHWHUULWRU\DERXWKDRIDFRRSHUDWLYHIDUPLQ&HQWUDO+XQJDU\

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

XVHIXOLQWKHSUDFWLFHRIILHOGZRUNRIDJULFXOWXUDOFRXQVHOOLQJ

.H\ZRUGV*36LQWHUQHWEDVHG*,6PRELOWHFKQRORJ\DJULFXOWXUDOFRXQVHOOLQJ

%(9(=(7e6

$ WHOHSOpVL DGPLQLV]WUDWtY IHODGDWRN Q\LOYiQWDUWiV V]DEiO\R]iV WDQiFVDGiV WHUYH]pV HOOiWiVDYDODPLQWD]]HPLV]LQW JD]GiONRGiVI|OGP YHOpVLUHQGV]HUpQHNPHJKDWiUR]iVD NRQNUpW J\DNRUODWL PHJYDOyVtWiVW MHOHQW $ UpV]OHWHV WHUYH]pVL IHODGDWRN pV D KR]]i NDSFVROyGyPHJYDOyVtWiVRNPpUHWDUiQ\~WpUEHOLWiPRJDWiVWNtYiQQDN

$ YL]VJiODWL WpU D WHOHSOpV LOOHWYH D PH] JD]GDViJL ]HP WHUOHWpUH NRUOiWR]yGLN D WpUEHOL PLQWi]DW SHGLJ D] RUV]iJRV pV D WpUVpJL V]LQWW O HOWpU HQ DGPLQLV]WUDWtY PHJKDWiUR]RWWViJ~Yi YiOLN $ PLQ VtWpVHN LV D WHOHSOpVHN WHUYH]pVLQ\LOYiQWDUWiVL HJ\VpJHLUH D NDWDV]WHUL HJ\VpJHNUH LOOHWYH D] ]HPHN JD]GiONRGiVL HJ\VpJHLUH D WiEOiNUDYRQDWNR]QDN

$ JD]GiONRGiVW HJ\pQL JD]GiONRGyN pV PH] JD]GDViJL WHYpNHQ\VpJHW IRO\WDWy JD]GiONRGy V]HUYH]HWHN YpJ]LN $] HJ\pQL JD]GDViJRN PH] JD]GDViJL WHYpNHQ\VpJH DODSYHW HQ I|OGKDV]QiODWUD EpUOHWUH pSO $] RUV]iJ WHUP WHUOHWpQHN PLQWHJ\ IHOpW JD]GiONRGy V]HUYH]HWHN KDV]QiOMiN XJ\DQDNNRU H]HN N|]HO KDUPDGD QHP UHQGHONH]LN VDMiWWHUP WHUOHWWHO

$JD]GiONRGiVWHUOHWLDODSHJ\VpJHDPH] JD]GDViJLWiEODPLQWKRPRJpQP YHOpVL HJ\VpJ $ WiEOD D]RQEDQ FVDN NYi]L KRPRJpQ KLV]HQ UHQGV]HULQW KHWHURJpQ WDODMYLV]RQ\RNMHOOHP]LN7XODMGRQLODJVHPHJ\VpJHVKLV]HQUHQGV]HULQWW|EENDWDV]WHUL HJ\VpJE O pSO IHO pV UHQGV]HULQW W|EE WXODMGRQRVD LV YDQ 0 YHOQL SHGLJ YDJ\ D WXODMGRQRVYDJ\DEpUO JD]GiONRGyP YHOL0LQGH]HNPLDWWDWiEODN|]HOVHPiOODQGy IRUPiFLy H]pUW VHP D Q\LOYiQWDUWiVD VHP D WiEOiKR] NDSFVROyGy HJ\pE WiEODW|U]VN|Q\YLQ\LOYiQWDUWiVQLQFVPHJIHOHO HQNH]HOYH

$ NDWDV]WHUL HJ\VpJHN OHKHWQHN D]RN D WpUEHOL DODSHJ\VpJHN DPHO\HNUH I|OGKDV]QiODWL DMiQOiVRN YRQDWNR]QDN PtJ D PH] JD]GDViJL WiEOiN D]RN D WpUEHOL DODSHJ\VpJHNDPHO\HNUHDWDODMP YHOpVDWUiJ\i]iVDQ|YpQ\YpGHOHP D WDODMYpGHOHP UHQGV]HUpUHYRQDWNR]yNRQNUpWDMiQOiVRNPHJIRJDOPD]KDWyN

(3)

$ Q|YpQ\HNQHN D IHMO GpVNK|] pV Q|YHNHGpVNK|] WiSHOHPHN IHOYpWHOpUH YDQ V]NVpJNPHO\HNHWDV]iQWyI|OGLQ|YpQ\WHUPHV]WpVNHUHWHLN|]|WWDWDODMEyOYHV]QHNIHO

$ WDODM WiSDQ\DJHOOiWRWWViJD D WiSDQ\DJRN IHOYHKHW VpJH KDWiUR]]D PHJ DGRWW N|UOPpQ\HN N|]|WW D Q|YpQ\HN V]iPiUD UHQGHONH]pVUH iOOy WiSHOHP PHQQ\LVpJHN QDJ\ViJiW $] HUHGPpQ\HV JD]GiONRGiV pUGHNpEHQ ± D N|UQ\H]HWL IHOWpWHOHNQHN pV D Q|YpQ\HN V]NVpJOHWHLQHN PHJIHOHO HQ ± D] LJpQ\HNHW D] DGRWW IHOWpWHOHN N|]|WW RSWLPiOLVKR]N|]HOtW PpUWpNEHQNHOONLHOpJtWHQLV]HUYHVpVP WUiJ\i]iVVDO$IHOWpWHO WHOMHVtWpVpKH] D N|UQ\H]HWL pV Q|YpQ\L VDMiWRVViJRN WHUYH]KHW WHUPpV IDMODJRV WiSHOHPWDUWDORP YDODPLQW D WDODM WiSDQ\DJV]ROJiOWDWy NpSHVVpJpQHN LVPHUHWH QpONO|]KHWHWOHQ1pPHWK

$ WDODMYL]VJiODWRNQDN PHJNO|QE|]WHWHWW V]HUHSH YDQ DEEDQ KRJ\ D WDODM WHUPpV]HWHV WiSDQ\DJV]ROJiOWDWy NpSHVVpJpQ W~OL WiSHOHPV]NVpJOHWHW HJ]DNW PyGRQ WXGMXNPHJKDWiUR]QL(]HNNVRUiQ±DNO|QE|] HOHPHNHVHWpEHQHOWpU PyGRQ±NpPLDL PyGV]HUHNHW DONDOPD]XQN $ WDODMRN WHOMHV WiSHOHPWDUWDOPiQDN PHJKDWiUR]iVD QHP Q\~MWDQD VHJtWVpJHW tJ\ H NpPLDL PyGV]HUHN DONDOPD]iViYDO D WHOMHV PHQQ\LVpJQHN EL]RQ\RV KiQ\DGiW PpUMN FVDN (] |QPDJiEDQ QHP DGQD YiODV]W D IHOKDV]QiODQGy WUiJ\iEDQ NLMXWWDWDQGy WiSHOHP PHQQ\LVpJHNUH H]pUW D NDSRWW HUHGPpQ\HNHW NDOLEUiOQL V]NVpJHV$NDOLEUiFLyHJ\LNOHKHWVpJHVHV]N|]HDNLVSDUFHOOiVNtVpUOHWHNHUHGPpQ\HLQHN pUWHOPH]pVH $ NDOLEUiFLyV PpUpVHNNHO OHKHW |VV]HiOOtWDQL HJ\ RO\DQ V]DNWDQiFVDGiVL UHQGV]HUW PHO\ WiSHOHPHQNpQW WDUWDOPD] D J\DNRUODW V]iPiUD KDV]QRVtWKDWy LUiQ\V]iPRNDW )RQWRV N|YHWHOPpQ\ KRJ\ D WDODMYL]VJiODWL PyGV]HUHN ~J\ NHUOMHQHN PHJYiODV]WiVUD KRJ\ D] HUHGPpQ\HN UHSURGXNiOKDWyN pV MyO NDOLEUiOKDWyN OHJ\HQHN 1pPHWK

$ WDODMYL]VJiODWRN HUGPpQ\pQHN PHJEt]KDWyViJiW QDJ\EDQ EHIRO\iVROMD D YL]VJiODWUDNHUO PLQWDPLO\HQVpJH$WiEODKRPRJpQWiEODUpV]WDODMiQDNMHOOHP]pVpUH FVDNKRPRJpQPHJIHOHO UpV]PLQWiEyO|VV]HNHYHUWiWODJPLQWDDONDOPDV$V]DNV]HU D WHUOHWLVPHUHWpEHQNLDODNtWRWWPLQWDYpWHOLWHUYDODSMiQYpJUHKDMWRWWPLQWDYpWHOQpONOQHP OHKHWPHJEt]KDWyWDODMYL]VJiODWLHUHGPpQ\HNHWQ\HUQL$HVpYHNN|]HSpW OHO V]|U pYHQNpQWLPDMGDDVpYHQNpQWLWDODMYL]VJiODWLN|WHOH]HWWVpJHWtUWHO HJ\MRJV]DEiO\

1DSMDLQNEDQQHPOHKHWpUYpQ\WV]HUH]QLHMRJV]DEiO\EDQOHtUWDNQDN.pWPLQWDYpWHOH]pV YL]VJiODW N|]|WWL ± D V]iQWyI|OGL P YHOpVEH YRQW WHUOHWHN QDJ\UpV]pQ MHOHQOHJ HJ\UH KRVV]DEE ± LG V]DN DODWW D PHJNtYiQW V U VpJ WDODMYL]VJiODWRN KLiQ\iEDQ WiSDQ\DJPpUOHJHNNHOOHKHWQ\RPRQN|YHWQLDGRWWWHUPHV]WpVLHJ\VpJWiSDQ\DJIRUJDOPiW

$ WiSDQ\DJPpUOHJV]iPtWiV OHKHW VpJHW NtQiO D NpW V]iPtWiVL LG SRQW N|]|WWL WiSDQ\DJIRUJDOPL YiOWR]iVRN WUHQGV]HU MHOOHP]pVpUH 3R]LWtY WiSHOHPPpUOHJ D WDODMQDN D] DGRWW WiSHOHPEHQ W|UWpQ J\DUDSRGiViUD PtJ D QHJDWtY D WiSHOHPWDUWDORP FV|NNHQpVpUH XWDO 1pPHWK $ V]DNWDQiFVDGiVL UHQGV]HUHN NLGROJR]iVDNRU D WDODMRN IL]LNDL pV NpPLDL WXODMGRQViJDL D WDODMRN FVRSRUWRVtWiViEDQ MiWV]DQDN DODSYHW V]HUHSHWLO\HQHNDV]HUYHVDQ\DJWDUWDORPDQLWURJpQWUiJ\DDGDJRNPHJiOODStWiVDNRUD NpPKDWiVIRV]IRUWUiJ\DDGDJRNPHJiOODStWiVDNRUpVDIL]LNDLIpOHVpJQLWURJpQpVNiOLXP WUiJ\DDGDJRNPHJiOODStWiVDNRU

$ WiEOiNUD DGDSWiOW D WDODM WHUPpNHQ\VpJpW ILJ\HOHPEH YHY Q|YpQ\IDMWiQNpQWL WHUPHV]WpVWHFKQROyJLiN NLDODNtWiViQDN HOHQJHGKHWHWOHQ HOHPH D WUiJ\i]iV ~M DODSRNUD KHO\H]pVH(QQHNHJ\LNOHKHWVpJHVPyGV]HUHDWDODMWiSHOHPWDUWDOPiQDNILJ\HOHPEHYpWHOH

$V]DNWDQiFVDGiVSRQWRVViJiKR]LVPHUQLNHOODWiEOiUDMHOOHP] VRNpYHVWiSHOHPWDUWDOPDWD V]iPtWiVEDYHWWWDODMUpWHJEHQËJ\SpOGiXOD]iVYiQ\L1WDUWDORPPpUpVpQDODSXOyWUiJ\i]iVL PyGV]HU OpQ\HJH D] KRJ\ NDSFVRODW YDQ D NRUD WDYDVV]DO D WDODM DGRWW UpWHJpEHQ iVYiQ\L IRUPiEDQ WDOiOKDWy 1PHQQ\LVpJ pV D] RSWLPiOLV WHUPpV HOpUpVpKH] V]NVpJHV 1DGDJ

(4)

N|]|WW (] D] DUiQ\ DGRWW N|UOPpQ\HN WHUP KHO\L DGRWWViJRN N|]|WW IRUGtWRWW KD W|EE QLWURJpQ WDOiOKDWy D WDODMEDQ NHYHVHEE P WUiJ\D IHOKDV]QiOiVUD YDQ V]NVpJ $]RNRQ D WHUOHWHNHQ DKRO D NRUiEELDNEDQ QHP YROW PpJ iVYiQ\L QLWURJpQWDUWDOPRQ DODSXOy 1 WUiJ\i]iVFpOV]HU D]HOV pYLMDYDVODWRWRNYLVV]DHOOHQ U]pVHDYL]VJiOWWHUOHWHN iQ(UUHD]HOOHQ U]pVUHDOHJMREEPyGV]HUDQ|YpQ\DQDOt]LV

$ V]DNWDQiFVDGiVL UHQGV]HUHN IRQWRV HOHPH D] ]HPL WiEOiNUD NpV]tWHWW QLWURJpQPpUOHJ V]iPtWiV DPHO\KH] WiEODW|U]VN|Q\YL DGDWRN WiEOiQNpQWL WHUPpViWODJ Q|YpQ\L 1IHOYpWHO VWE V]NVpJHVHN (J\ KRVV]DEE LG V]DN pY iWIRJy PpUOHJ HJ\HQOHJH LV WiPSRQWRW Q\~MW D] iVYiQ\L 1WDUWDORP pUWpNHOpVpKH] $ V]DNWDQiFVDGiVL UHQGV]HU KDV]QiODWiQDN IRQWRVViJiW D WDYDV]L 1WUiJ\D DGDJRN GLIIHUHQFLiOWDEE PHJiOODStWiVDN|OWVpJNtPpO MHOOHJHpVDN|UQ\H]HWLHOYiUiVRNKR]W|UWpQ LJD]RGiViVDLV PXWDWMD&VDWKyHWDO

$WDODMHU JD]GiONRGiVLV]DNWDQiFVDGiVLUHQGV]HUKHNWiURQNpQWLiWODJPLQWDYpWHOHQ DODSXOy HJ\HJ\ PH] JD]GDViJL WiEOiUD YRQDWNR]y LG VRURV DGDWRNDW JHQHUiO $ PH] JD]GDViJL WiEOiNUD YRQDWNR]y DGDWRNDW WDODMYL]VJiODWL WHUPpVHUHGPpQ\HN VWE WDUWDOPD]y WiEOi]DWRNDW IHOKDV]QiOKDWMXN N|]YHWOHQO DGDWpUWpNHOpVUH YDJ\ D WiEODD]RQRVtWyNRQ NHUHV]WO |VV]HNDSFVROKDWMXN D PH] JD]GDViJL HJ\VpJHNHW UHSUH]HQWiOy iOORPiQQ\DO DPL OHKHW Yp WHV]L D WiSDQ\DJJD]GiONRGiVL V]DNWDQiFVDGiV WpUEHOLUHSUH]HQWiFLyMiWLOOHWYHPHJMHOHQtWpVW

$ WDODM WHUPpNHQ\VpJpQHN IHQQWDUWiViEDQ D WUiJ\i]iVEDQ PiU NRUiEEDQ NH]GHPpQ\H]pVHN W|UWpQWHN KRJ\ D WiEOiNDW QH KRPRJpQ HJ\VpJHQNpQW NH]HOMpN KDQHP NO|QtWVpNHOD]RNDWDWDODMWDQLV]HPSRQWEyOKRPRJpQQHNWHNLQWKHW WiEOiQEHOOLIROWRNDW PHO\HN HOWpU PpUWpN WUiJ\i]iVW LJpQ\HOQHN $ SUHFt]LyV JD]GiONRGiVKR] NDSFVROyGy UpV]OHWHV WHUYH]pVL IHODGDWRN pV D KR]]i NDSFVROyGy PHJYDOyVtWiVRN PpUHWDUiQ\~WpUEHOLWiPRJDWiVWNtYiQQDNPHJ$]]HPLJD]GiONRGiVWHUOHWLDODSHJ\VpJHD PH] JD]GDViJL WiEOD PLQW KRPRJpQ P YHOpVL HJ\VpJ $ SUHFt]LyV JD]GiONRGiV D]RQEDQ PHJNtYiQMDDWiEOiQEHOOLPLQWi]DWPHJKDWiUR]iViWpVDPLQWi]DWKR]N|WKHW WDODMP YHOpVL WUiJ\i]iVLQ|YpQ\YpGHOPLVWEIHODGDWRNYpJUHKDMWiViW&DPEDUGHOODHWDO$WiEOiQ EHOOL PLQWi]DW UpV]EHQ D] DJUR|NROyJLDL DGRWWViJRNKR] UpV]EHQ D GLQDPLNXVDQ YiOWR]y NXOW~UiOODSRWKR] N|WKHW $] DJUR|NROyJLDL DGRWWViJRN NLIHMH]pVpUH D] ]HPL pV D I|OGpUWpNHOpVL WDODMWpUNpSHN D GRPERU]DWL pV WDODMYt] YLV]RQ\RN D] DONDOPDVDN PtJ D GLQDPLNXV MHOOHJ NXOWXUiOODSRW PHJKDWiUR]iVD FVDN D PH] JD]GDViJL WiEOiNRQ EHOOL KHO\V]tQL PLQWDYpWHOH]pVHNUH D NDSFVROyGy YL]VJiODWRNUD YRQDWNR]y LG VRURV DGDWRN DODSMiQ YpJH]KHW 0LQWDWHUOHWL SUHFt]LyV JD]GiONRGiVW WiPRJDWy UHQGV]HUW ~J\ NHOO PHJDONRWQLKRJ\PLQGH]HQLVPHUHWHNHWDPDJ\DURUV]iJLV]DEYiQ\RNKR]LJD]RGyYHWOHWL WRSRJUiILDLVWEHJ\VpJHVWpULQIRUPDWLNDLUHQGV]HUEHLQWHJUiOMXN3iV]WRUHWDO

$] 07$ 7$., *,6 /DERU D +XQJDUR&$' ,QIRUPDWLNDL .IWYHO YDOy V]RURV HJ\WWP N|GpVEHQD]XWyEELLG EHQNpW,QWHUQHWDODS~DWDODMMDOLOOHWYHDWHUP I|OGGHO NDSFVRODWRV LQIRUPiFLyNDW V]ROJiOWDWy WpULQIRUPDWLNDL DONDOPD]iVW IHMOHV]WHWW $]

DGDWV]ROJiOWDWiVW$XWRGHVN0DS*XLGHDODS~WpUNpSV]HUYHUVHJtWVpJpYHOYDOyVtWRWWXNPHJ

$] LQWHUQHWHV N|UQ\H]HWEHQ D IHOKDV]QiOy iOWDO NLYiODV]WRWW V]HPSRQWRN V]HULQWL WpUNpSL PHJMHOHQtWpV WpUEHOL NHUHVpV RQOLQH PyGRQ W|UWpQ WpUNpSL OD\RXWRN V]HUNHV]WpVH pV Q\RPWDWiVD YDODPLQW LQJ\HQHV UHJLV]WUiFLyKR] N|W|WW WpULQIRUPDWLNDL DGDWOHW|OWpV YDOyVtWKDWyPHJ

$ %DODWRQ 3DUN .KW KpW |QNRUPiQ\]DWiQDN %DODWRQOHOOH %DODWRQV]HPHV

*DPiV /iWUiQ\ 6RPRJ\EDERG 6RPRJ\W~U pV 9LV] KD NLWHUMHGpV WHUOHWpUH YRQDWNR]yDQD3+$5(±5HJLRQiOLV.tVpUOHWL3URJUDP$ODSNHUHWpEHQD*HR1HW .IW pV D] 07$ 7$., PLQW NpW UpV]SURJUDP I YiOODONR]yMD LOOHWYH D +XQJDUR&$'

(5)

,QIRUPDWLNDL .IW PLQW D] 07$ 7$., DOYiOODONR]yMD PLQWDWHUOHWL NRPSOH[

WpULQIRUPDWLNDL DONDOPD]iVW IHMOHV]WHWW DPHO\ D YLGpNIHMOHV]WpVL WDQXOPiQ\RN YDODPLQW PLQWDWHUOHWL EHPXWDWy N|]KDV]Q~ EHUXKi]iVRN PHJDODSR]iViW V]ROJiOMD $ SURMHNW YpJUHKDMWiVD VRUiQ IHOWiUWXN D PLQWDWHUOHWHQ D PDJ\DU YLV]RQ\RN N|]|WW HOpUKHW D YDOyViJRWOHJLQNiEEWNU|] DODSDGDWRNEHV]HU]pVLIRUUiVDLWDSRWHQFLiOLVpVYDOyViJRV DGDWIRUUiVRNDWHOYpJH]WNDWpULQIRUPDWLNDLDONDOPD]iVWHOHSOpVHQNpQWLHO NpV]tWpVpWpV D] DGDWRN GLJLWiOLV IHOGROJR]iViW (]W N|YHWWH D PLQWDWHUOHWL HJ\ RO\DQ VWUXNWXUiOW UHQGV]HUWHUYHONpV]tWpVHDPHO\QHPFVDNDPLQWDWHUOHWLDONDOPD]iVWV]ROJiOMDKDQHPD 'pO'XQiQW~OL5pJLyEDQPHJYDOyVtWiVLWDQXOPiQ\RNNpV]tWpVpKH]PLQWDNpQWKDV]QiOKDWy

$+XQJDUR&$',QIRUPDWLNDL.IWDPLQWDWHUOHWLWpULQIRUPDWLNDLDONDOPD]iVWD],QWHUQHW KiOy]DWRQ HJ\LGHM OHJ W|EE IHOKDV]QiOy NLV]ROJiOiViUD DONDOPDV UHQGV]HUUp IHMOHV]WHWWH

&VHUYHQiNHWDO6]DEy

$ .|UQ\H]HWYpGHOPL 0LQLV]WpULXP .|UQ\H]HWL ,QIRUPDWLNDL pV 6]HUYH]pVL ) RV]WiO\DD]07$7DODMWDQLpV$JURNpPLDL.XWDWyLQWp]HWpYHOWpUNpSL DODS~ LQWHUQHWHV WDODMWDQL DGDWV]ROJiOWDWiVW LQGtWRWW GHFHPEHUpEHQ 7pULQIRUPDWLND $ WpULQIRUPDWLNDL DODS~ DGDWEi]LV WDODMWDQL DGDWV]HUYHUNpQW N|]KDV]Q~ LQIRUPiFLyNDW V]ROJiOWDWDN|UQ\H]HWLSUREOpPiNYL]VJiODWiUDYDODPLQWD]DJUiUN|UQ\H]HWJD]GiONRGiV D WpUVpJIHMOHV]WpV D NXWDWiV pV RNWDWiV V]iPiUD $] RUV]iJRV IHGHWWVpJ HOWpU OpSWpN WDODMWDQL WpULQIRUPDWLNDL DODS~ DGDWEi]LV NLDODNtWiVD pV LQWHUQHWHV V]ROJiOWDWiVD D .|0 V]HUYHUpQYDOyVXOWPHJpVDKWWSPDSVNWPKXWDNLFtPHQpUKHW HO$]DGDWV]ROJiOWDWiV MHOHQOHJ UHJLRQiOLV IHOERQWiV~ RUV]iJRV DGDWRNUD NRUOiWR]yGLN pV D] DGRWW IHOERQWiVEDQ KRPRJpQ DJUR|NROyJLDL HJ\VpJHNKH] WDUWR]y I EE D WHUP KHO\L WDODMDGRWWViJRNDW PHJKDWiUR]ySDUDPpWHUHNMHOHQtWKHW NPHJ7pULQIRUPDWLND

$ *36 V]y *OREDO 3RVLWLRQLQJ 6\VWHP ± *OREiOLV +HO\PHJKDWiUR]y UHQGV]HU D KHO\PHJKDWiUR]iVHOYpWMHOHQWLGHPDPiUH]WDNLIHMH]pVWKDV]QiOMiNDWpQ\OHJHVHQP N|G pV OHJHOWHUMHGWHEE 1$967$5*36 UHQGV]HUUH LV $ *36 RO\DQ P KROGDNUD DODSR]RWW KHO\PHJKDWiUR]yUHQGV]HUPHO\D)|OGEiUPHO\SRQWMiQQDSLyUiQNHUHV]WOD]LG MiUiVL pV IpQ\YLV]RQ\RNWyO IJJHWOHQO OHKHW Yp WHV]L D] LG D KHO\ pV D VHEHVVpJ PHJKDWiUR]iViW (J\HWOHQ IRQWRV IHOWpWHOH D PpUpVQHN D P KROGDN OiWKDWyViJD $ *36 UHIHUHQFLDUHQGV]HUHD:*6:RUOG*HRGHWLF6\VWHPUHQGV]HUDPHO\KH]WDUWR]y JHRFHQWULNXVUHIHUHQFLDHOOLSV]RLGRQNDSMiNPHJDIHOKDV]QiOyND]LVPHUHWOHQSRQWI|OGUDM]L NRRUGLQiWiLW $ :*6 UHQGV]HUEHQ NDSRWW NRRUGLQiWD pUWpNHN PHJIHOHO iWV]iPtWiVVDO UHDOWLPHPyGEDQLViWDODNtWKDWyN(29NRRUGLQiWiNNi$ PiMXVD D PLQ VpJURQWiV PHJV]QWHWpVH yWD D] DNiU Np]L HV]N|]|NNHO LV HOpUKHW QpKiQ\ PpWHUHV SRQWRVViJ D PH] JD]GDViJLWDODMWDQLDONDOPD]iVRNW|EEVpJHV]iPiUDW|NpOHWHVHQHOHJHQG

$1<$*e60Ï'6=(5

$] $JURPDUN 0H] JD]GDViJL 6]|YHWNH]HW 3i]PiQG .iSROQiVQ\pN 9HUHE pV .DMiV]y WHOHSOpVHN KDWiUiEDQ KD WHUOHWHQ JD]GiONRGLN $ 6]|YHWNH]HW D WHUOHW WXODMGRQRVDLYDO LJ iOO I|OGEpUOHWL V]HU] GpVHV YLV]RQ\EDQ pV D EpUOHWL V]HU] GpV V]HULQW D WXODMGRQRVRNQDN D I|OGKDV]QiODWpUW KDV]QiODWL GtMDW IL]HW $ KDV]QiODWL GtM

|VV]HJpQHN V]iPtWiVD D I|OGWHUOHWHN NDWDV]WHUL WLV]WD M|YHGHOPH DODSMiQ PHJiOODStWRWW DUDQ\NRURQDpUWpNHQDODSV]LN

$]$JURPDUN06=DYROWSi]PiQGL%DUiWViJ0H] JD]GDViJL7HUPHO V]|YHWNH]HW WHUOHWpQJD]GiONRGLNpVMyUpV]WPHJWDUWRWWDDQQDNP YHOpVLHJ\VpJHLWDWiEOiNDW(J\

PH] JD]GDViJL WiEOiW UHQGV]HULQW W|EE KHO\UDM]L D]RQRVtWyYDO HOOiWRWW I|OGQ\LOYiQWDUWiVL NDWDV]WHUL HJ\VpJ pStW IHO 8J\DQDNNRU HJ\ KHO\UDM]L V]iPRQ W|EE WXODMGRQRV LV

(6)

RV]WR]KDW$PHQQ\LEHQDWXODMGRQRVIHOPRQGMDDV]|YHWNH]HWWHOIHQQiOOyEpUOHWLYLV]RQ\iW pV D WiEOiQ EHOOL WHUOHWpW FVDOiGL P YHOpVEH NtYiQMD YRQQL DNNRU D V]|YHWNH]HWQHN EL]WRVtWDQLD NHOO D NLPpUW WHUOHWHQ D] ~WKDV]QiODWRW KLV]HQ D NDWDV]WHUL DODSHJ\VpJEHQ EHQQHIRJODOWDWLND]~WLV(]iOWDODPH] JD]GDViJLP YHOpVWHUOHWLDODSHJ\VpJHDWiEOD LG YHODODNMiEDQpVPpUHWpEHQLVYiOWR]KDW

$ V]|YHWNH]HW V]iPiUD D 7DODMHU JD]GiONRGiVL ..7 WiSDQ\DJJD]GiONRGiVL V]DNWDQiFVDGiVW Q\~MW $ V]DNWDQiFVDGiV DGRWW pYUH DGRWW PH] JD]GDViJL WiEOiUD YRQDWNR]LNDKHO\V]tQLWDODMpVWiSDQ\DJYL]VJiODWRNRQDODSXO

$]]HPWHUOHWpUHDHVpYHNEHQHONpV]OWHND]]HPLWDODMWpUNpSHNDPHO\HND WHUOHW WDODMWDQL YLV]RQ\DLQDN PHJLVPHUpVpW V]ROJiOMiN $ DV pYHN WHOHSOpVKDWiURV I|OGpUWpNHOpVL WpUNpSH]pVH VRUiQ IHO~MtWRWWiN pV NLHJpV]tWHWWpN D JHQHWLNXV ]HPL WDODMWpUNpSHNHW$WpUNpSHNDWHUPpNHQ\VpJHWNLIHMH] WHUP KHO\LpUWpNV]iPPHJDGiViQ W~O DONDOPDVQDN EL]RQ\XOWDN NO|QE|] FpO~ WDODMWDQL V]DNYpOHPpQ\HN HONpV]tWpVpKH]

D]D] D WHUP I|OGGHO NDSFVRODWRV DODSYHW IHODGDWRN I|OGpUWpNHOpV PHOLRUiFLy I|OGYpGHOHPWHUPHOpVV]HUYH]pVVWEYpJUHKDMWiViKR]

$QDJ\OpSWpN JHQHWLNXV]HPLWDODMWpUNpSH]pV6]DEROFVFpOMDDPH] JD]GDViJL WHUOHWHNH]HQEHOOD]iOODPLJD]GDViJRNWHUPHO V]|YHWNH]HWHNWHUOHWpQHNIHOPpUpVH YROW D] HV pYHNW O NH]G G HQ 0DJD D PyGV]HU pYHN DODWW DODNXOW NL $] ]HPL WpUNpSHN iOWDOiEDQ *DXVV.UJHU UHQGV]HU HV NDWRQDL V]LQWYRQDODV WpUNpSDODSUDNpV]OWHN$]DUFKtYDQ\DJRNDWPDDWHUOHWLOHJLOOHWpNHVPHJ\HL1|YpQ\

pV 7DODMYpGHOPL 6]ROJiODWRN 176]HN U]LN $ WpUNpSHNHW FVDN D PH] JD]GDViJL

]HPHN WHUOHWpUH NpV]tWHWWpN HO D JHQHWLNXV ]HPL WDODMWpUNpSH]pV RV PyGV]HUN|Q\YH DODSMiQ NpV]OW NDUWRJUDPRNRQ V]HUNHV]WHWWpN IHO D] iEUi]RODQGy WXODMGRQViJRNDW (J\HJ\ WHOMHV DQ\DJED D JHQHWLNXV WDODMWpUNpSHQ NtYO WDODMYt]

PpV]iOODSRW KXPXV] WDODMMDYtWiV WDODMKDV]QRVtWiV VWE NDUWRJUDPRN D IHOYpWHOH]pVW U|J]tW tUiVRV DQ\DJ V]HOYpQ\OHtUiVVDO pV D] HOYpJ]HWW WDODMYL]VJiODWRN ODERUDWyULXPL MHJ\] N|Q\YHWDUWR]LN$NRUWLWNRVtWiVLJ\DNRUODWDPLDWWD] HONpV]OW WpUNpSHNHQ QHP WDOiOXQNIRNKiOy]DWLpVNLORPpWHUKiOy]DWLYRQDODNDWYDODPLQWWRSRJUiILDLKiWWHUHWVHP

$ WDODMYL]VJiODWL DGDWRN Np]LUDWRVDQ U]LN D] HUHGPpQ\HNHW D] HJpV] DQ\DJ D]RQRVtWiViUDDIHOYpWHOH]HWWJD]GDViJpVDNDSFVROyGyWHOHSOpVQHYHV]ROJiO

$ I|OGpUWpNHOpVL FpO~ WDODMWpUNpSH]pV D] ]HPL WpUNpSHN IHO~MtWiViW pV ~M WDODMWpUNpSHN NpV]tWpVpW LV MHOHQWHWWH $ ;,, 0e0 V]iP~ UHQGHOHW V]HULQW$*52,1)250³DQDJ\PpUHWDUiQ\~V]HOYpQ\KDWiURVWDODMWpUNpSHW~J\

NHOO HONpV]tWHQL KRJ\ D] IHOKDV]QiOKDWy OHJ\HQ D WHUP I|OGGHO NDSFVRODWRV DODSYHW IHODGDWRN I|OGpUWpNHOpV PHOLRUiFLy I|OGYpGHOHP WHUPHOpVV]HUYH]pV VWE YpJUHKDMWiViKR]´ $] HONpV]OW WpUNpSHNHQNDUWRJUDPRNRQ D OHJNLVHEE HOKDWiUROW WDODMIROW HJ\ KHNWiUQ\L D] iEUi]ROW WXODMGRQViJRNDW SHGLJ NyGV]iPRN U|J]tWLN $]

DODSWpUNpSHQDWDODMWXODMGRQViJRNDWHJ\KDWMHJ\ NyGV]iPWDUWDOPD]]DPHO\QHNHOV KiURPV]iPMHJ\HDWDODMWtSXViWDOWtSXViWQHJ\HGLNpV|W|GLNV]iPMHJ\HDWDODMNpS]

N ]HWHW MHO|OL D] XWROVy V]iPMHJ\ SHGLJ D P YHOW WDODMUpWHJ IL]LNDL WDODMIpOHVpJpW PXWDWMD $ NDUWRJUDPRNRQ DONDOPD]RWW NyGRN OHtUiViW NyGWiEOi]DWRNED IRJODOWiN $ WpUNpSHN pV NDUWRJUDPRN D]RQRVtWiViUD D] (275 V]HOYpQ\ V]iPD V]ROJiO $ I|OGpUWpNHOpVLWpUNpSHNFVDND]RUV]iJPH] JD]GDViJLWHUOHWHLQHNiUDNpV]OWHN HOUpV]EHQWHOHSOpVKDWiURVDQUpV]EHQ(275V]HOYpQ\KDWiURVDQ

$]PpUHWDUiQ\~]HPLJHQHWLNXVpVI|OGpUWpNHOpVLWpUNpSVRUR]DWWpUNpSLDGDWDLW JHQHWLNXV WpUNpS KXPXV] S+ pV PpV]iOODSRW HUy]LyV WDODMMDYtWiVL NDUWRJUDP D

(7)

WDODMV]HOYpQ\HN KHO\HLW SROLJRQ LOOHWYH SRQW VKDSH iOORPiQ\NpQW GLJLWDOL]iOWXN pV pStWHWWNIHO$WDODMV]HOYpQ\HNIHOYpWHOLpVDODERUDWyULXPLMHJ\] N|Q\YLDGDWEi]LViQDN IHOW|OWpVpUH VDMiW IHMOHV]WpV DGDWEHYLWHOL pV HOOHQ U] SURJUDPRW IHMOHV]WHWWQN )90 MHOHQWpV

$] DODS WRSRJUiILDL WpUNpSHNHW GRPERU]DWPRGHOO pStWpVpKH] OHMWpVYLV]RQ\RN NLWHWWVpJ OHMWpVLUiQ\ V]iUPD]WDWiViKR] WRYiEEi D PH] JD]GDViJL ]HP WHUOHWpQHN LOOHWYH N|UQ\H]HWpQHN D]RQRVtWiViUD KDV]QiOWXN $] HV WRSRJUiILDL WpUNpSHQ D IHOWQWHWHWWI|OGKDV]QiODWLNDWHJyULiNV]iQWyUpWOHJHO HUG VWEDODSMiQMyN|]HOtWpVVHO MHO|OKHW N NL D PH] JD]GDViJL ]HP KDWiUDL I OHJ D]RNRQ D WHUOHWHNHQ DKRO H] MyO GHILQLiOW NLpStWHWW YDJ\ iOODQGyVtWRWW ~W YDJ\ D KDWiU HJ\EHQ D I|OGKDV]QiODWEDQ LV YiOWiVWMHOHQW

$ NDWDV]WHUL WpUNpSHNHW D ELUWRNV]HUNH]HW MHOOHP]pVpUH D PH] JD]GDViJL WiEOiN OHKDWiUROiViUDD]]HPLWHUOHWKDWiUDLQDNSRQWRVNLMHO|OpVpUHYDODPLQWDWDODMWpUNpSH]pV yWDPHJYiOWR]RWWI|OGKDV]QiODWQ\RPRQN|YHWpVpUHKDV]QiOWXN$MHOHQOHJLI|OGKDV]QiODWL YLV]RQ\RNDW OHJLQNiEE WNU|] NDWDV]WHUL WpUNpS DODSMiQ NLMHO|OKHW N D]RN D WHUOHWHN DKRO D NRUiEEL I|OGKDV]QiODW PHJYiOWR]iVD ± SpOGiXO HUG WHUOHW HJ\ UpV]pQHN PH] JD]GDViJL P YHOpVEH YRQiVD ± PLDWW D] ~MRQQDQ V]iQWyNpQW MHO|OW HJ\NRU PiV I|OGKDV]QiODWLNDWHJyULiEDWDUWR]yWHUOHWUHQLQFVWpUNpSLWDODMWDQLLQIRUPiFLy

$ WDODMHU JD]GiONRGiVW pUWpNHO UHQGV]HU KHNWiURQNpQWL iWODJPLQWDYpWHOHQ DODSXOy LG VRURV D PH] JD]GDViJL WiEOiN WiSDQ\DJ HOOiWRWWViJiUD D I EE WHUPHV]WHWW Q|YpQ\HNUHpVWHUPpViWODJRNUDYDODPLQWDWiSDQ\DJIHOKDV]QiOiVUDYRQDWNR]yDGDWRNDW WDUWDOPD] PHO\HN D NDSRVYiUL 7DODMHU JD]GiONRGiV ..7 WiSDQ\DJJD]GiONRGiVL V]DNWDQiFVDGiVLUHQGV]HUpE OV]iUPD]QDN$PH] JD]GDViJLWiEOiNUDYRQDWNR]yDGDWRNDW DWiEODD]RQRVtWyNRQNHUHV]WONDSFVROWXN|VV]HDPH] JD]GDViJLHJ\VpJHNHWUHSUH]HQWiOy WpUNpSLHOHPHNNHODPLOHKHW YpWHV]LH]HQLQIRUPiFLyWpUEHOLNH]HOpVpWPHJMHOHQtWpVpWLV

$ PLQWDWHUOHWL ]HPL V]LQW WpULQIRUPDWLNDL DODS~ DONDOPD]iVIHMOHV]WpV NHUHWpEHQ PLQGH]HQWpUNpSLpVOHtUyDGDWRNDWWDODMV]HOYpQ\HNUHYRQDWNR]yPpUpVLHUHGPpQ\HNLV HJ\³LQWHOOLJHQVWpUNpSLDODS~UHQGV]HUUp´LQWHJUiOWXN6]DEyQpHWDO

$ NRPSOHWW WpULQIRUPDWLNDL UHQGV]HU LQWHUQHWHQ W|UWpQ V]ROJiOWDWKDWyViJiQDN NLDODNtWiViKR]D]$XWRGHVN0DS*XLGHSURJUDPVHJtWVpJpYHORO\DQUHQGV]HUWDODNtWRWWXQN NL DPHO\ ,QWUDQHW,QWHUQHW KiOy]DWRQ HJ\LGHM OHJ DNiU W|EE IHOKDV]QiOy NLV]ROJiOiViUD DONDOPDVpVD0LFUR6WDWLRQE OpUNH] '*1LOOHWYHD]$UF9LHZEyOpUNH] 6+3SRQW YRQDO LOOHWYH SROLJRQ WtSXV~ YHNWRURV iOORPiQ\RNDW YDODPLQW D V]NHQQHOW JHRWLII IRUPiWXP~UDV]WHUHVDGDWRNDWSONDWDV]WHULWpUNpSHNHWHJ\DUiQWIRJDGMD$UHQGV]HUE O W|UWpQ DGDWNLQ\HUpV pV D] H]HQ DODSXOy WiEOi]DWRV PHJMHOHQtWpV +70/ Q\HOY ODSRN VHJtWVpJpYHOW|UWpQLNDPHO\HNEH64/IHOWpWHOHNDODSMiQLPSRUWiOKDWyND]HUHGPpQ\HN$

UHQGV]HUEL]WRVtWMDEiUNLV]iPiUDKRJ\HJ\HJ\V]HU ,QWHUQHWE|QJpV] YHOKDV]QiOKDVVDD SURJUDPRW

$ 0DS*XLGH LQWHOOLJHQV UDV]WHUYHNWRU NH]HO IXQNFLyLQDN N|V]|QKHW HQ YpJHUHGPpQ\NpQW ,QWUDQHWHV N|UQ\H]HWEHQ KDV]QiOYD HJ\ J\RUV KLEULG WpULQIRUPDWLNDL UHQGV]HUWWXGWXQNHO iOOtWDQL$KDWDOPDVPHQQ\LVpJ JUDILNXVDODSDGDWNRQYHUWiOiViKR]D 0DS*XLGHODVV~QDNPRQGKDWy'26SURPSWRQP N|G 6')/RDGHUSURJUDPMDKHO\HWWD VRNNDO KDWpNRQ\DEE 9LHW&$' &RPSDQ\ /WG iOWDO IHMOHV]WHWW 9LHW&$' 6') /RDGHU SURJUDPMiWKDV]QiOWXNGHQpPHO\HVHWEHQV]NVpJYROWD]$UF9LHZN|UQ\H]HWE ONDSRWW DGDWRN$XWR&$'0DSEHQW|UWpQ MDYtWiViUDLV$]DGDWRNEyODIHODGDWVRUiQUHQJHWHJ NO|QE|] WtSXV~pVV]HUNH]HW WHPDWLNXVWpUNpSLOOHWYHULSRUWDEODNNpV]OW

$ OpWUHM|Y WpULQIRUPDWLNDL UHQGV]HUQHN RO\DQ NH]HO IHOOHWWHO NHOOHWW EtUQLD DPHO\

HJ\UpV]WEiUNLV]iPiUDN|QQ\HQV]LQWHEHWDQXOiVLLG QpONOKDV]QiOKDWyPiVUpV]WHJ\

(8)

LG EHQ W|EEHQ HOHP]pVHNHW OHNpUGH]pVHNHW WXGMDQDN YpJH]QL ERQ\ROXOWDEE SURJUDPRN WHOHStWpVH QpONO ËJ\ D IHODGDWXQN HOV OpSpVHNpQW NLDODNtWRWWXQN HJ\ HUUH DONDOPDV +70/ NH]HO IHOOHWHW ,WW QDJ\ YiODV]WpNEDQ WDOiOXQN YH]pUO JRPERNDW D WpUNpS QDYLJiOiVKR]OHNpUGH]pVHNKH]YDJ\DNiUQ\RPWDWiVKR]LV

iEUD

$],QWHUQHWHVDONDOPD]iVQ\LWyROGDOD

)LJXUH2SHQLQJSDJHRIWKH,QWHUQHWEDVHG*,6VHUYHU

$ UHQGV]HU PLQLPiOLV NLpStWpVEHQ IHOWpWHOH]L D WpULQIRUPDWLNDL V]HUYHU LQVWDOOiOiViW HJ\

V]iPtWyJpSHQ $ E|QJpV] PRGXO HJ\IHOKDV]QiOyV P N|GpV HVHWpQ XJ\DQHUUH D JpSUH WHOHStWHWW $PHQQ\LEHQ V]HUHWQpQN NLWHUMHV]WHQL UHQGV]HUQN KR]]iIpUKHW VpJpW D]

,QWUDQHWKH] FVDWODNR]y WRYiEEL IHOKDV]QiOyN V]iPiUD DNNRU FVDN D E|QJpV] PRG XO WHOHStWHQG D]RNUD D JpSHNUH DKRO D KR]]iIpUpV PHJN|YHWHOW,QWHUQHWHV IHOKDV]QiOiV HVHWpQDWpULQIRUPDWLNDLV]HUYHUUHWHOHStWHQG D],QWHUQHW$GDWNDSFVRODWL0RGXOWRYiEEi DWiYROLNOLHQVJpSHQDE|QJpV] PRGXOWNHOOWHOHStWHQL$WpULQIRUPDWLNDLV]HUYHUHOpUKHW PRELONOLHQVHNU OLVSpOGiXOSDOPWRSSRFNHW3&Np]LV]iPtWyJpSHN

$WpUEHOLDGDWEi]LVRNGLJLWiOLVIHOGROJR]iViWpVNH]HOpVpWPLQGHGGLJDKHO\KH]N|W|WW WHFKQROyJLD XUDOWD $ PRELOLWiVEDQ D] iWW|UpVW D Np]L V]iPtWyJpSHN QpSV]HU QHYN|Q 3'$N3HUVRQDO'LJLWDO$VVLVWDQWKR]WiNPHJ 1DJ\ $ 3'$NKR] NLHJpV]tW HV]N|]NpQWPHJIHOHO NiUW\DpVV]RIWYHUVHJtWVpJpYHONp]L*36YHY FVDWODNR]WDWKDWy$]

$XWRGHVN2Q6LWHWHFKQROyJLiMDOHKHW YpWHV]LGLJLWiOLVWpUNpSHNWHUHSLDGPLQLV]WUiFLyMiW

(9)

*36 KDV]QiODWiYDO YDJ\ DQpONO $] 2Q6LWH 9LHZ V]RIWYHUHQ DODSXOy UHQGV]HU VHJtWVpJpYHO ':* pV ';) IRUPiWXPEDQ WiUROW GLJLWiOLV WpUNpSHNHW W|OWKHWQN iW :LQGRZV&(RSHUiFLyVUHQGV]HUDODS~Np]LV]iPtWyJpSHNUHSpOGiXO&203$4L3$4 +3-RXUQDGD)XMLWVX3HQ&HQWUDDPHO\HNQDJ\EDQPHJN|QQ\tWLNDWpUNpSLDGDWRNWHUHSL KDV]QiODWiW $ UHQGV]HU D] DOiEEL FVRSRUWRNED WDUWR]y IXQNFLRQDOLWiVRNDW WDUWDOPD]

WpUNpSPHJMHOHQtWpVPHJMHJ\]pVHNHOKHO\H]pVHPpUpVSLOODQDWQ\LSR]tFLyPHJMHOHQtWpVH

*36VHJtWVpJpYHO

'LQDPLNXVWpUNpSLPHJMHOHQtWpV

QDJ\tWiVNLFVLQ\tWpVDEODNWHUMHGHOHPHO ] HOWiUROWQp]HWHN IyOLDNH]HOpVEHNLNDSFVROiV

WiUROWQp]HWHN

0HJMHJ\]pVHNHOKHO\H]pVH

WHVWUHV]DEKDWyV]LPEyOXPRNKDV]QiODWD

D] 50/ 5HGOLQH 0DUNXS /DQJXDJH IRUPiWXP~ WHUHSL PHJMHJ\]pVHN EHW|OWKHW HN LURGDLDONDOPD]iVRNEDSO$XWR&$'9ROR9LHZ

0pUpV

WiYROViJRNWHUOHWHNV]|JHNSUHFt]PpUpVH PpUWpNHJ\VpJHNEHiOOtWiVD

UDV]WHUpVWiUJ\UDV]WHUKDV]QiODWD

*36WHFKQROyJLD

$ IHQW HPOtWHWW Np]L V]iPtWyJpSHNKH] D &RPSDFW )ODVK ,, V]DEYiQ\RV LQWHUIpV]HQ NHUHV]WO NRPSDNW *36 YHY FVDWODNR]WDWKDWy (]W D OHKHW VpJHW NLKDV]QiOYD IHMOHV]WHWWQNNLHJ\*36PRGXOWDPHO\QHNVHJtWVpJpYHOIHOWQWHWKHWMNSLOODQDWQ\LWHUHSL SR]tFLyQNDW D WpUNpSHQ $ *36 SRQWRVViJD D] DONDOPD]iV LJpQ\V]LQWMpQHN PHJIHOHO HQ iOOtWKDWyEH

(5('0e1<e6e57e.(/e6

$]DJUiUN|UQ\H]HWJD]GiONRGiVpVDYLGpNIHMOHV]WpVWpUVpJLUHQGV]HUpKH]NDSFVROyGyD]

]HPL V]LQW JD]GiONRGiVW VHJtW D WDODMRN YpGHOPpYHO |VV]HIJJ ]HPL V]LQW WpULQIRUPDWLNDL DODS~ DONDOPD]iVIHMOHV]WpVW YpJH]WQN D Si]PiQGL $JURPDUN 0H] JD]GDViJL 6]|YHWNH]HW WHUOHWpUH $ GRPERU]DWUD D WDODM WXODMGRQViJRNUD D P YHOpVL HJ\VpJHNUH D ELUWRNYLV]RQ\RNUD YRQDWNR]y WpUNpSL pV OHtUy DGDWRNDW KDUPRQL]iOWXNHJ\VpJHVWpULQIRUPDWLNDLUHQGV]HUEHQLQWHJUiOWXNDPH] JD]GDViJL]HP WHUOHWpUH pV NLpStWHWWN D] LQWUDQHWHV V]ROJiOWDWiViW $] HJ\WWP N|GpVEHQ NpV]tWHWW PyGV]HUWDQLDONDOPD]iVXQNDNiUD]RQQDOEHYH]HWKHW YDODPLQW|VV]HN|WKHW DNDSRVYiUL 7DODMHU JD]GiONRGiVL..7WiSDQ\DJJD]GiONRGiVLV]DNWDQiFVDGiVLUHQGV]HUpYHO

$ MHOHQOHJL UHQGV]HU V]DNWDQiFVDGiVEDQ YDOy IHOKDV]QiOKDWyViJiW D N|YHWNH]

IRUJDWyN|Q\YV]HULQWNpS]HOMN

0LQWDYpWHOWHUYH]pV$]LQWUDQHWHVWpULQIRUPDWLNDLV]ROJiOWDWiVNLYiOWKDWMDDKRVV]DV HO NpV]tW PXQNiODWRNDW PHO\HN VRUiQ D V]DNWDQiFVDGy D WRSRJUiILDL GRPERU]DWL WDODMWDQLP YHOpVLYLV]RQ\RNDWWHNLQWLiWpVHOHP]LDKR]DPEHOLHOWpUpVHNPDJ\DUi]DWiUD

$] HJ\pE PyGRQ QHP DOiWiPDV]WKDWy HOWpUpVHN WiSDQ\DJHOOiWRWWViJEHOL NO|QEVpJHNUH YH]HWKHW N YLVV]D 0LQGH] HJ\WW OpQ\HJpEHQ WpUEHOL HOHP]pVHN HOYpJ]pVpW MHOHQWL DPL HJ\WpULQIRUPDWLNDLUHQGV]HU DODSV]ROJiOWDWiVD $ WiSDQ\DJYL]VJiODWRN HUHGPpQ\HLQHN D UHQGV]HUEHYDOyIRO\DPDWRVYLVV]DWiSOiOiViYDOLQWUDQHWHVSXEOLNiOiViYDOOHKHW VpJQ\tOLN

(10)

D]RNQDN D WHUYH]pVEHQ YDOy ILJ\HOHPEHYpWHOpUH LV $] HUHGPpQ\HN IJJYpQ\pEHQ NHUOKHWVRUDPLQWDYpWHOPHJWHUYH]pVpUHDPLDPLQWDYpWHOLHJ\VpJHNLOOHWYHD]D]RNRQ EHOOL D] iWODJ PLQWiKR] V]NVpJHV PLQWDV]iP PHJKDWiUR]iViW MHOHQWL $ PLQWDYpWHOL KHO\HN IHOI ]pVH SHGLJ D PLQWDYpWHOL ~WYRQDO PHJWHUYH]pVH DPHO\HW D WHUHSHQ N|YHWQL NHOO$PLQWDYpWHOL~WYRQDO~MDEEWHPDWLNXVUpWHJNpQWEHNHUOKHWD]DGDWUHQGV]HUEH

(O PXQNiODWRN$PHQQ\LEHQDWHUHSL3'$QLQFVRQOLQHNDSFVRODWEDQD] LQWUDQHW V]HUYHUUHO YDJ\ D YRQDO ViYV]pOHVVpJH QHP PHJIHOHO D WpUEHOL DGDWRN UDFLRQiOLV iWW|OWpVpUH V]NVpJ YDQ D WHUHSHQ KDV]QRVQDN EL]RQ\XOy UpWHJHN V]HUYHUU O W|UWpQ OHW|OWpVpUH pV D WHUHSL HV]N|]UH YDOy IHOW|OWpVpUH (]HN N|]O WHUPpV]HWHVHQ NLHPHOW MHOHQW VpJ DPLQWDYpWHOL~WYRQDODWWDUWDOPD]yWpPD0LYHODWHUHSLN|UOPpQ\HNN|]|WW LVV]NVpJOHKHWDPLQWDYpWHOHO UHPHJWHUYH]HWWKH]YLV]RQ\tWRWWPyGRVtWiViUDpUGHPHVD W|EELWHPDWLNDWHUHSLPHJWHNLQWpVHLV

7HUHSLPXQNiODWRN$WHUHSHQHOV GOHJHVHQDPLQWDYpWHOL~WYRQDOQ\RPRQN|YHWpVpW NHOO NLHPHOQL $ *36 WHUPpV]HWHVHQ QRUPiO N|UOPpQ\HN N|]|WW UHDOWLPH PyGEDQ QpKiQ\PiVRGSHUFHVLQWHJUiFLyVLG NNHONpSHVD]DNWXiOLVKHO\]HWHWDW|EELWHPDWLNXV UpWHJI|O|WWPHJMHOHQtWHQL(KKH]SHUV]HV]NVpJHVD:*6NRRUGLQiWiND]RQQDOL(29EH W|UWpQ WUDQV]IRUPiFLyMD DPHO\HW V]RIWYHUHVHQ PHJROGRWWXQN 0LQGHN|]EHQ D WHUHSL QDYLJiFLy W|UWpQLN D Np]L HV]N|]HJ\WWHV VHJtWVpJpYHO D EHMiUiVL ~WYRQDO N|YHWpVpUH /HKHW VpJYDQWRYiEEiKHO\LH[WUDDQRPiOLiNILJ\HOHPEHYpWHOpUHD]RQRVtWiViUDD]H]HN N|UOMiUiViYDOIHOYHWWSRQWRN~MUpWHJNpQWW|UWpQ LOOHV]WpVpUH6 WKHO\EHQLVPHJOHKHW KDWiUR]QLSpOGiXOH]HNWHUOHWpW

8WyPXQNiODWRN$ WHUHSU O YDOy YLVV]DWpUpV XWiQ W|UWpQLN D WHUHSHQ IHOYHWW DGDWRN DNWXiOLV PLQWDYpWHOL KHO\HN HVHWOHJHV WHUHSL PpUpVHN N|]SRQWL V]HUYHUUH YDOy YLVV]DW|OWpVpUH $ WHUHSL PLQWiN ODERUDWyULXPL WiSDQ\DJYL]VJiODWL HUHGPpQ\HLQHN D UHQGV]HUEH YDOy IRO\DPDWRV YLVV]DWiSOiOiVD LQWUDQHWHV SXEOLNiOiVD LV D UHQGV]HU KDWpNRQ\ViJiWQ|YHOL

.g9(7.(=7(7e6(.

0LQWDWHUOHWL ]HPL V]LQW WpULQIRUPDWLNDL DODS~ DONDOPD]iVIHMOHV]WpV NHUHWpEHQ D WHUP I|OGGHO NDSFVRODWRV WpUNpSL pV OHtUy DGDWRNDW HJ\ ³LQWHOOLJHQV WpUNpSL DODS~

UHQGV]HUUp´ LQWHJUiOWXN pV LQWHUQHWHQLQWUDQHWHQ V]ROJiOWDWKDWyYi DODNtWRWWXN $ NLIHMOHV]WHWWPLQWDWHUOHWLDONDOPD]iVDV]DNWDQiFVDGiVDJD]GiONRGiVV]iPiUDOHKHW Yp WHV]L D WDODMRN YpGHOPpYHO pV WHUP NpSHVVpJN PHJyYiViYDO |VV]HIJJ NpUGpVHN WXGRPiQ\RVpVJ\DNRUODWLV]LQW YL]VJiODWiW$PLQWDWHUOHWLDONDOPD]iVWRYiEEYLWHOpQHN OHWpWHPpQ\HVHL YDODPLQW KDV]QiOyL pV KDV]RQpOYH] L D] DJUiUN|UQ\H]HWJD]GiONRGiVL SURJUDP NHUHWpEHQ D] )90 1|YpQ\ pV 7DODMYpGHOPL 6]ROJiODWRN RUV]iJRV KiOy]DWiQ EHOO IRUPiOyGy 7pULQIRUPDWLNDL /DERUDWyULXPRN WRYiEEi D PH] JD]GDViJL V]DNWDQiFVDGiVWV]ROJiOWDWyV]HUYH]HWHNOHKHWQHN

.g6=g1(71<,/9È1Ë7È6

0XQNiQNDW UpV]EHQ D] 1.)3 Q\LOYiQWDUWiVL V]iP~ 20 LOOHWYH D 7 Q\LOYiQWDUWiVLV]iP~27.$WpPiNWiPRJDWWiN

(11)

,52'$/20

$*52,1)250 0HOLRUiFLy|QW|]pV pV WiSDQ\DJJD]GiONRGiV ~WPXWDWy D QDJ\PpUHWDUiQ\~RUV]iJRVWDODMWpUNpSH]pVYpJUHKDMWiViKR]%XGDSHVW

&DPEDUGHOOD &$ .DUOHQ '/ 6SDWLDO $QDO\VLV RI 6RLO )HUWLOLW\ 3DUDPHWHUV 3UHFLVLRQ$JULFXOWXUH

&VHUYHQiN 5 %DNRV / 0LQWDWHUOHWL NRPSOH[ WpULQIRUPDWLNDL UHQGV]HU 7pULQIRUPDWLND

&VDWKy 3 ÈUHQGiV 7 1pPHWK 7 1HZ HQYLURQPHQWDOO\ IULHQGO\ IHUWLOLVHU DGYLVRU\V\VWHPEDVHGRQWKHGDWDVHWRIWKH+XQJDULDQORQJWHUPILHOGWULDOVVHWXS EHWZHHQDQG6RLO6FL3ODQW$QDO

)90.)MHOHQWpV 1DJ\*&$'YLOiJ

1pPHWK7 )HUWLOL]HU UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV (QYLURQPHQWDO DVSHFWV =HV]\W\ 3URE 3RVW1DXN5ROQ

1pPHWK7 1LWURJHQ LQ +XQJDULDQ VRLOV QLWURJHQ PDQDJHPHQW UHODWLRQ WR JURXQGZDWHUSURWHFWLRQ-&RQW+LGU

1pPHWK71LWURJHQEDODQFHVLQORQJWHUPILHOGH[SHULPHQWV)HUWLOL]HU5HVHDUFK 3iV]WRU / 6]DEy - %DNDFVL =V *,6 SURFHVVLQJ RI ODUJH VFDOH VRLO PDSV LQ

+XQJDU\$JURNpPLDpV7DODMWDQ

6]DEy-&RPSLODWLRQRIDZDWHUVKHGOHYHOFRPSOH[ODQGLQIRUPDWLRQV\VWHPIRU LQWHUQHWVHUYLFH$JURNpPLDpV7DODMWDQ

6]DEROFV,V]HUN$JHQHWLNXV]HPLWDODMWpUNpSH]pVPyGV]HUN|Q\YH200, 6]DEyQp .HOH * 6]DEy - %DNDFVL =V 3iV]WRU / $QWDO . 0LQWDWHUOHWL WpULQIRUPDWLNDLUHQGV]HUpStWpVHHJ\PH] JD]GDViJL]HPWHUOHWpUH,Q(OHN*\

9pFVL%HGV;92UV]iJRV.|UQ\H]HWYpGHOPL.RQIHUHQFLD6LyIRN 7pULQIRUPDWLND

/HYHOH]pVLFtPFRUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU 3iV]WRU/iV]Oy

07$7$.,*,6/DE

%XGDSHVW+HUPDQ2WWy~W 5,66$&*,6/DE

+%XGDSHVW+HUPDQ2WWy~W 7HO)D[

HPDLOSDV]WRU#ULVVDFKX

Hivatkozások

KAPCSOLÓDÓ DOKUMENTUMOK

$] iOWDODP NLGROJR]RWW VWUHVV]WHV]W VHJtWVpJpYHO Qp]WHP D Q\DNV]tMMDO pV PĦWpWWHO JiWROW YDODPLQW D QHP JiWROW OHYHJĘQ\HOĘ pV NRQWURO ORYDN VWUHVV]NH]HOpVL VWUDWpJLDEHOL

%iU HJ\LN UHQGV]HUW VHP IRJDGWiN HO V]pOHV N|UEHQ D ELRNpPLDL YL]VJiODWRNDW D NpVĘEELHNEHQ LV DONDOPD]WiN D NO|QE|]Ę HUHGHWĦ 3PXOWRFLGD W|U]VHN MHOOHP]pVpUH $

)HOWHKHWĘHQ OpQ\HJHVHQ NO|QE|]Ę WtSXV~ 526 YHJ\OHWHN N|]YHWtWLN D +75 pV D +7 VHMWHNEHQ D EXWLUiW iOWDO NLYiOWRWW GLIIHUHQFLiFLy EHLQGXOiViW LOOHWYH D VHMWKDOiOW .L NHOO

Mivel csak a második és harmadik katonai felmérés illetve a topográfiai térkép rendelkezik vetületi alappal, ezért a digitális adatfeldolgozást erre a két térképre vetítve

A vizsgált mezőgazdasági vállalkozás által művelt területek viszonylagos állandósága miatt lehetőség nyílt a 2002-2005-ös időszak tényadatainak áttekintésére

$WHUYHNV]HULQWD.6+h67|WPHJYDOyVtWySURMHNWNpWDODSYHW SURMHNWHUHGPpQ\WiOOtW HO D] HJ\LN HJ\ PH] JD]GDViJL VWDWLV]WLNDL IHODGDWRN YpJ]pVpW VHJtW WpULQIRUPDWLNDL

A megállapodás alapjául továbbra is az 1606-ban kötött Zsitva-torkolati béke V]ROJiOW DPHO\HW D] D]yWD N|W|WW V]HU]ĘGpVHNNHO HJ\WW PHJHUĘVtWHWWHN WRYiEEi néhány új

$ GROJR]DWRP D V]i]DGIRUGXOy N|UQ\pNL HJUL LQJDWODQRN WXODMGR QRVDLQDN pV EpUOĘLQHN YL]VJiODWiYDO IRJODONR]LN LOOHWYH D NO|QE|]Ę