Subject Index A

(1)

A

A c e t y l c o e n z y m e A carboxylase, activa

tion of, 405

N - A c e t y l g l u c o s a m i n e , cell walls and, 459

A c i d ( s ) , nucleic acid stability and, 331, 336

Acridine ( s ) ,

colicinogenic factors and, 192 deoxyribonucleic acid and, 113 donor ability and, 5, 17 episomes and, 156

F factor and, 175, 176, 179, 181, 184, 186, 190

Yu-lac factor and, 204

intermediate donor strains and, 9 mutability-transfer factor and, 205 m u t a t i o n s and, 290-291, 304-305, 381,

389-391

replicator and, 212-213

resistance transfer factor and, 199, 201, 207, 209

R factor and, 16

Acriflavin, cytoplasmic inheritance and, 246

Actinomyces globisporus,

deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422

Actinomyces griseus,

Actinomyces viridochromogenes, deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i  tion of, 422

A c t i n o p h a g e ( s ) , l y s o g e n y and, 246 prototrophs and, 245

Active site region, structure of, 376-377 Adenine,

complex gene loci and, 265 m e t h y l a t i o n of, 330 nitrous acid and, 112 occurrence of, 329

Adenosine, protonated form of, 330 Adenosine diphosphate, g l u t a m i c d e h y 

drogenase and, 406

Adenosine triphosphate, aspartic trans- carbamylase and, 405

Adenylosuccinase, suppressor m u t a t i o n a n d , 4 1 2

Aeration,

c o m p e t e n c e and, 116 F - p h e n o c o p i e s and, 21 Aerobacter aerogenes,

deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422

Aeromonas jormicans,

Aeromonas punctata,

Agar, c o m p e t e n c e and, 116 Agrobacterium tumejaciens, Alanine,

cell walls and, 459

deoxyribonucleic acid composition and, 434

tryptophan synthetase and, 388 Alanine dehydrogenase, glutamic d e h y 

drogenase a n d , 4 0 6

A l b u m i n , c o m p e t e n c e and, 116, 120 Alcaligenes faecalis,

ribonucleic acid, ribosomal, 431 soluble, 432 Algae,

bacterial affinities and, 446-449 deoxyribonucleic acid, base composi

tion of, 421, 422, 424 diaminopimelic acid in, 459

A l k a l i ( s ) , nucleic acid stability and, 331, 336

Alkylating agents, transforming activity a n d , 1 1 3

Alleles, nonidentical, 262 Allelism, test for, 93-94 488

(2)

Allium cepa,

Alnus barbata,

A m e t h o p t e r i n , resistance t o , 141 A m i n o a c i d ( s ) ,

cellular u n i o n and, 27

changes, protein function and, 399-400 c o m p e t e n c e and, 116

nucleotide relationship t o , 391-397 sequence,

m u t a t i o n s and, 381, 384 reversions and, 302-303 suppressors and, 411

synthesis, repression of, 316-317 A m i n o acid activating e n z y m e s , s u p 

pressor m u t a t i o n s and, 411 p - A m i n o b e n z o a t e ,

utilization, transformation and, 143-144 A m i n o p t e r i n , l y s o g e n y and, 171

2-Aminopurine, m u t a t i o n and, 286, 2 8 8 - 290

A m y l o m a l t a s e , fine structure of, 271

production, transformation and, 127, 139,143

Anaerobiosis, conjugation and, 27 Ankistrodesmus,

Annealing, s y n t h e t i c deoxyribonucleic acid and, 362, 363

Anthranilic acid, t r y p t o p h a n auxotrophs and, 2 5 8 , 2 5 9

Antibiotics,

production, genetics and, 246-248 A n t i g e n ( s ) ,

F factor and, 20 somatic, p h a g e and, 173 surface, sex factors and, 188 Antiserum, transformation and, 9 7 , 1 1 6 Arabinose,

c o m p l e x g e n e loci and, 265 fermentation, control of, 318-319 utilization, e n z y m e l e v e l s and, 382 L-Arabinose isomerase, arabinose locus

a n d , 272 Arabinose l o c u s ( i ) ,

fine structure of, 270-272

linkage of, 313

m i n u t e colonies and, 297 Avachis hypogaea,

Arbacia lixula,

Arbacia punctulata,

Arginine,

auxotrophs, antibiotic production and, 247

biosynthesis, control of, 317-318 deoxyribonucleic acid c o m p o s i t i o n and,

434

t r y p t o p h a n s y n t h e t a s e and, 388 Arthrobacter globiformis,

Aspartic acid, cell walls and, 459

deoxyribonucleic acid c o m p o s i t i o n and, 434

Aspartic transcarbamylase, desensitized, 405

feed-back inhibition and, 404, 405 Aspartyl p h o s p h a t e ,

synthesis, f e e d - b a c k inhibition and, 404

Aspergillus, pseudoalleles in, 256 Aspergillus niger,

Astasia long a,

A s y n c h r o n y , chromosomal transfer and, 32-33

A u x o t r o p h s ,

designation of, 258-259 genetic analysis and, 257 8-Azaguanine,

p h e n o t y p i c expression and, 139 resistance t o , 141

Azaserine, l y s o g e n y and, 171 6-Azauracil, repression and, 165-166 Azotobacter, internal m e m b r a n e s of, 454,

457

(3)

Azotobacter agile,

Azotobacter chroococcum,

Azotobacter vinelandii,

Β Bacillus,

deoxyribonucleic acid, hybridization of, 430, 438

interspecific transformation of, 102 m o t i l i t y , transformation and, 142 transduction in, 49

Bacillus anthracis, virulence, phage and, 174 Bacillus cereus,

deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422 ribosomal, 431

toxin production, phage and, 174 Bacillus megaterium,

deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422 h e t e r o g e n e i t y of, 426, 427 nucleic acid, penetration and, 121 phage conversion in, 173 respiratory m e c h a n i s m of, 453 Bacillus subtilis,

c h r o m o s o m e replication in, 213, 358 c o m p e t e n c e in, 116

c o m p l e x loci in, 271, 273 deoxyribonucleic acid,

composition of, 422, 435 h e t e r o g e n e i t y of, 425-428

deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase of, 344, 346

phage,

chain copying in, 439 pyrimidine bases of, 329 ribonucleic acid,

messenger, 432 ribosomal, 431 soluble, 432

thermophilic, transformation of, 142 transformation, 91, 96, 97, 101

inhibition of, 124

t r y p t o p h a n synthesis b y , 141

Bacillus thuringiensis,

Bacteria,

blue-green algae and, 448-449 c h r o m o s o m e of, 253-254, 339-342 complex gene locus analysis and, 2 5 6 -

257

control m e c h a n i s m s in, 317-320 definition, historical background, 4 4 5 -

449

deoxyribonucleic acid, base composi

t i o n of, 105, 421-423 diversity of, 447

Bacteriocin, conjugation and, 18 Bacteriophage,

adsorption, sex factors and, 188 bacterial g e n e s and, 60-62 coat protein synthesis by, 403 colicins and, 197

defective, e p i s o m e s and, 214-215 deoxyribonucleic acid,

protoplasts and, 118 transformation by, 119 F factor and, 20-22 Fo-lac factor and, 205

nontransducing, transduction and, 6 2 - 64

pyrimidines of, 329

temperate, as episomes, 157-175 T - e v e n , interference and, 172-173 transducing, variability of, 64-69 Bacteriophage a,

deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422, 428

Bacteriophage λ,

chromosome, a t t a c h m e n t site of, 161

"clear m u t a n t s " of, 164-165 deoxyribonucleic acid, 342

c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422 content of, 174 replication of, 355

galactose gene transduction b y , 51-73 genetic m a p of, 52

integration of, 160 interference by, 172-173 noninducible strains of, 163-165 plating properties of, 66-67 properties of, 51-55 replication, t i m e of, 358 sexduction of, 207

(4)

transduction b y , discovery of, 55-57 virulent m u t a n t s of, 165

Bacteriophage Xdg,

c h r o m o s o m e , a t t a c h m e n t site of, 162

" c o m m o n core" of, 68

c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n tests and, 82, 298 complex gene loci and, 263, 266-267 d e n s i t y of, 6 5 - 6 6 , 1 6 8 - 1 6 9

deoxyribonucleic acid, g e n e s of, 208 integration of, 161

irradiation and, 81

nucleic acid c o n t e n t of, 70-71 regulatory m e c h a n i s m s and, 211 Bacteriophage 0 X - 1 7 4 ,

chain copying in, 439 deoxyribonucleic acid,

c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422 exonuclease I and, 340-342 replication of, 363-364

ribonucleic acid synthesis and, 3 6 5 - 366

secondary structure of, 339 size of, 340

temperature and, 336

unbalanced c o m p o s i t i o n of, 428 Bacteriophage r,

genetic transfer and, 17 hosts of, 206

Bacteriophage A 10,

Bacteriophage F 2 ,

protein formation and, 399 ribonucleic acid,

code and, 437

unbalanced c o m p o s i t i o n of, 428 Bacteriophage M S - 2 , ribonucleic acid

synthesis by, 438 Bacteriophage P I ,

arabinose locus and, 271

deoxyribonucleic acid c o n t e n t of, 174 e p i s o m e transduction b y , 208 i m m u n i t y and repression of, 165 resistance transfer factor and, 202 transduction, 74-76

m i n u t e colonies and, 297

t r y p t o p h a n synthetase locus and, 269 Bacteriophage P I dl,

regulatory m e c h a n i s m s and, 211 t y p e s of, 76

Bacteriophage P 2 , i m m u n i t y a n d repres

sion of, 165 Bacteriophage P22,

bacterial nucleic acid and, 80 c h r o m o s o m e , a t t a c h m e n t site of, 161 deoxyribonucleic acid, 174-175

c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422 e p i s o m e transduction b y , 208

genetic fine structure analysis and, 2 5 9 - 260

i m m u n i t y and repression of, 165 transduction, linked loci a n d , 309-310 Bacteriophage P B S 2 ,

Bacteriophage P L T 2 2 , transduction b y , 49, 51, 55, 73, 74

Bacteriophage S P 6 , hosts of, 187-188 Bacteriophage S P 8 ,

deoxyribonucleic acid, chain copying of, 439 c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422 Bacteriophage T l ,

Bacteriophage T 2 , deoxyribonucleic acid,

base c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422 molecular size of, 105, 340 replication of, 355 tertiary structure of, 328 heredity in, 276

ribonucleic acid, messenger, 432 Bacteriophage T 3 ,

deoxyribonucleic acid, 340 c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422 Bacteriophage T 4 ,

acridine m u t a n t s of, 291, 381, 389-391, 394-395

chemical m u t a g e n s and, 285-286, 2 8 8 - 289

crossing-over frequency in, 281 deletion m u t a n t s of, 383-384 deoxyribonucleic acid, 342

base c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422 c o n t e n t of, 175

molecular w e i g h t of, 339 replication of, 355

l y s o z y m e l e s s , bromouracil and, 290 multisite m u t a n t s of, 274

m u t a t i o n unit, size of, 282

(5)

B a c t e r i o p h a g e T 4 —C o n t i n u e d pseudoalleles in, 256

recombination in, 41 suppressors and, 303-306, 411 Bacteriophage T 5 ,

Bacteriophage T 6 ,

Bacteriophage T 7 ,

deoxyribonucleic acid, 340 replication of, 355 composition of, 422

ribonucleic acid, messenger, 432 Bacteriophage W , conversion b y , 174 Bacteriophage 18, integration of, 160 Bacteriophage 363, a t t a c h m e n t of, 159 Bacteriophage 434,

c h r o m o s o m e , a t t a c h m e n t site of, 161 Base analogs, transforming activity and,

114

Base pairing, copying m e c h a n i s m and, 346-348

B e a n ( s ) , deoxyribonucleic acid replica

t i o n in, 351

Beggiatoa, affinities of, 448 Bifidibacterium bifidum,

B o n e marrow,

cells, transformation of, 104 Breakage-reunion,

recombination and, 40-41 transformation and, 132-134 5-Bromocytosine, base pairing and, 347 Bromodeoxyuridine, recombination effi

ciency and, 37 5-Bromouracil,

base pairing and, 286-290, 347

d e o x y g u a n y l a t e incorporation and, 346 deoxyribonucleic acid replication and,

398

enol t a u t o m e r of, 331

hybrid deoxyribonucleic acid m e l t i n g and, 351, 352

hydrogen bonding of, 334

t e m p l a t e deoxyribonucleic acid and, 353-354

transforming activity and, 114 Brucella abortus,

C

Cancer antennaris, see also Crab satellite deoxyribonucleic acid of, 427 Cancer borealis,

deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422 h e t e r o g e n e i t y of, 427

Cancer gracilis, satellite deoxyribonucleic acid of, 427

Cancer irroratus, deoxyribonucleic acid,

composition of, 422 heterogeneity of, 427

Cancer magister, satellite deoxyribonu

cleic acid of, 427

Cancer productus, satellite d e o x y r i b o n u  cleic acid of, 427

Capsule, transformation and, 116, 134- 137, 141

Carcinus maenas,

C a t h o m y c i n ,

resistance, transformation of, 9 1 , 1 2 8 Catlin's m e d i u m , c o m p e t e n c e and, 116 Caulobacter, m e s o s o m e s in, 454 C e l l ( s ) ,

eucaryotic, organization of, 449-450 male,

surface properties of, 20 modifications of, 20-23 procaryotic,

evolutionary implications of, 460-462 m o v e m e n t of, 457-458

nuclear structure and organization in, 450-452

organization of, 449-450

respiratory and p h o t o s y n t h e t i c func

tion in, 452-457 wall structure of, 458-460 u n i o n , 1 9 - 2 8

energy requirement for, 26-27 kinetics of, 23-26

m a i n t e n a n c e of, 27

physiological effects of, 27-28 Cell surface,

colicinogenic factors and, 195

resistance transfer factor and, 201, 210,

(6)

Cell wall,

c o m p e t e n c e and, 117-118 s t r e p t o m y c e t e , 225-226 structure of, 458-460

synthesis, bromouracil and, 114 Chaetoceros decipiens,

Charge repulsion, deoxyribonucleic acid stability and, 336

Chlamydomonas, deoxyribonucleic acid replication in, 351

Chlamydomonas angulosa,

Chlamydomonas eugametos, deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of,

422

Chlamydomonas moewusii,

Chlamydomonas reinhardi, deoxyribonucleic acid,

c o m p o s i t i o n of, 432 h e t e r o g e n e i t y of, 427

s y n t h e t i c polyribonucleotides and, 437 Chloramphenicol,

c o m p e t e n c e and, 118 lysogenization and, 165-166 penetration and, 120 phage replication and, 355 p h e n o t y p i c expression and, 139 recombination and, 131,134

resistance, transmission of, 15-16, 197- 203

zygotic induction and, 165 Chlorella ellipsoidea,

Chlorogonium elongatum,

Chloroplasts,

eucaryotic cells and, 453

satellite deoxyribonucleic acid and, 426, 427

Chromatium, p h o t o s y n t h e t i c apparatus of, 456

C h r o m o s o m e s ,

bacterial and viral, 339-342, 451-452 circular, 340-342

deficiencies, heterozygotic nuclei and, 240

Hfr factor and, 6-7

linearity and continuity of, 274-276 n u m b e r of growing p o i n t s on, 356 resistance transfer factor a t t a c h m e n t

t o , 1 9 9 - 2 0 0

sex factor a t t a c h m e n t t o , 10-11 transfer,

kinetic analysis of, 32-33 oriented, 28-32

physical d e t e c t i o n of, 33-34 C h y m o t r y p s i n , catalytic site of, 376 Cistron,

c o m p l e x gene and, 273 definition of, 299

Citrate, acetyl c o e n z y m e A carboxylase and, 405

Clostridium bifermentans,

Clostridium perjnngens,

Clostridium valerianicum,

C o b a l t ions,

colicinogenic factors and, 192 F factor and, 175,184 C o d e ,

coding ratio and, 307-308 colinearity and, 306-307

degeneracy and, 294-295, 301-302, 437 overlapping, 391-392

problem of, 294-295 solution of, 308-309 C o d i n g u n i t ( s ) ,

reversions and, 302

sequence, nucleotide c o m p o s i t i o n and, 391-399

C o d o n , definition of, 294 C o l i c i n ( s ) ,

fertility and, 11, 13 nature of, 190-191 p h a g e protein and, 215 synthesis, induction of, 196-197 Colicinogenic factors,

alternation of states of, 193-194 a u t o n o m o u s state of, 191-192 conjugation and, 191

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C o l i c i n o g e n i c f a c t o r —C o n t i n u e d elimination, resistance transmission fac

tor and, 209

integrated state of, 192-193 marker transfer b y , 192, 206-207 other episomic characteristics of, 195-

197

physical and chemical nature of, 194- 195

sex factors and, 207 size of, 195 Colicinogeny,

conjugation and, 15, 34, 35 determinants, nature of, 36 episomes and, 156

Colinearity, genetic code and, 306-307, 385

Colpidium campylum,

Colpidium colpidium,

Colpidium truncatum,

C o m p e t e n c e ,

building of, 115-116 bypassing of, 119

physiological m e a n i n g of, 117-118 quantitative estimation of, 118-119 storage and, 118

t i m e and, 116-117 C o m p l e m e n t a t i o n ,

alkaline phosphatase and, 380 functional analysis and, 295-299 interallelic, 299, 406-408

C o m p l e m e n t a t i o n tests, transduction and, 82

Conformation, feed-back inhibition and, 404-405

C o n j u g a t i o n ,

bacteriophage τ and, 17 cell union and, 19-28

c h r o m o s o m e transfer during, 28-34 chromosome withdrawal in, 33 colicinogeny factors and, 15,191 drug resistance transmission and, 15-16,

197,198

Enterobacteriaceae, 13-15 e p i s o m e s and, 2

Escherichia coli K 1 2 , 2-11 Escherichia coli strains, 11-13 F°-lac factor and, 16-17

genetic recombination and, 36-44 intermediate donor strains and, 8-10 linkage analysis and, 41-44

m a l e cell modification and, 20-23 m a t i n g t y p e determination and, 2-7 n o n c h r o m o s o m a l material and, 34-36 origin of fertility and, 7-8

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 17-18 Serratia marcescens, 19 sex factor a t t a c h m e n t and, 10-11 s t r e p t o m y c e t e s and, 237-238

s t r e p t o m y c i n - m u t a b i l i t y factor and, 17 suppression of, 21-23

viability and, 27-28 Vibrio cholerae, 18 C o p o l y m e r s ,

deoxyribonucleotide, de novo synthesis of, 345-346

C o p y - c h o i c e ,

genetic recombination and, 40 transformation and, 132-134

Corulus avelana, deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422

Corynebacterium, m e s o s o m e s in, 454 Corynebacterium acnes,

Coryneb act erium diphtheriae,

t o x i n o g e n y , phage and, 173 Corynebacterium ilicis,

Corynebacterium paravum,

Crab, see also Cancer

testes, deoxyribonucleic acid of, 346 Crithidia fasciculata,

Crithidia luciliae,

Crithidia oncopelti, satellite d e o x y r i b o  nucleic acid of, 426

Cross-reacting material,

(8)

active e n z y m e from, 300 arabinose locus and, 272 c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n and, 407

interallelic c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n and, 3 0 1 - 302

m u t a t i o n s and, 293-294, 379-381 suppressor m u t a t i o n s and, 409-410 tryptophan s y n t h e t a s e and, 270 Cry lus avelana,

Cucumber virus,

ribonucleic acid, unbalanced composi

t i o n of, 428 Cucurbita pepo,

Culture conditions, c o m p e t e n c e and, 115—

116 Cupric ions,

c o m p e t e n c e and, 116

C y s t e i n e ,

auxotrophs, genetic analysis and, 2 6 1 - 262, 264

incorporation of, 396

tryptophan s y n t h e t a s e and, 389 Cysteine locus, t r y p t o p h a n locus and, 310 Cystosira barbata,

Cytidine, protonated form of, 330 Cytidine triphosphate, aspartic transcar-

b a m y l a s e and, 404, 405 Cytophaga aurantiaca,

Cytophaga fermentans,

Cytophaga johnsonii,

C y t o p l a s m i c material, transfer of, 36, 176 C y t o s i n e ,

nitrous acid and, 112 occurrence of, 329

D

D e g e n e r a c y , coding problem and, 294-295, 301-302, 391-392, 437

D e l e t i o n s ,

m u t a t i o n s and, 291-292, 383-384, 3 8 9 - 391, 394-395

reversion and, 305-306

segregation patterns and, 232-234 transducing phage and, 60

D e n a t u r a t i o n , transforming activity and, 108-109

D e n s i t y , base c o m p o s i t i o n and, 105-106 D e o x y c h o l a t e , deoxyribonucleic acid

preparation and, 98 D e o x y g u a n y l a t e ,

incorporation, bromouracil and, 346 D e o x y r i b o n u c l e a s e ,

c o m p e t e n c e t i m e and, 116

denatured deoxyribonucleic acid and, 338

extracellular, c o m p e t e n c e and, 117 pancreatic, transforming activity and,

113-114

penetration and, 122 recombinant yield and, 19

transforming activity and, 89, 99, 101 D e o x y r i b o n u c l e i c acid,

0 X - 1 7 4 ,

exonuclease I and, 340-342 secondary structure of, 339 temperature and, 336 acridines and, 113

alkylating agents and, 113 alterations in, 108-114 annealing of, 338 bacterial nucleus and, 32 bacterial, transduction and, 51 bacteriophage, protoplasts and, 118 base analog incorporation into, 114 base c o m p o s i t i o n , 105-106

h e t e r o g e n e i t y of, 421-429 sequence analysis and, 429-430 variation in, 420-421

chemical stability of, 331-332 chemical t r e a t m e n t of, 112-113 colicinogenic factors and, 194-195 c o m p o s i t i o n ,

coding units and, 397-399 discussion of, 434-440 c o v a l e n t structure of, 328-330 crystal forms of, 334-335

(9)

D e o x y r i b o n u c l e i c a c i d —C o n t i n u e d denaturation of, 108-109

denatured, residual activity of, 110 e n z y m e treated, transformation and,

113-114

extracts, genetic heterogeneity of, 9 6 - 97

F factor and, 35

formaldehyde and, 113, 337-338 formamide and, 113

as genetic substance, 90-96, 276, 278 helix,

physical structure of, 332-339 unfolding of, 335-338 heterocatalytic activity of, 108 heterogeneity, 421-425

interchain biases and, 428, 439 intramolecular, 428-429 satellite, 425-428 tissue differences and, 429 u n i m o d a l i t y and, 425 hybrid molecules,

m e l t i n g of, 347, 348, 351, 352 structure of, 349-351 hyperchromicity of, 421-425 induction of lysis and, 172

inhibitory, structure and size of, 124 in vitro synthesis, conservatism of, 3 5 1 -

355

irradiation of, 111-112 isotopically labeled,

uptake of, 103,119 uses of, 114

m e t h y l a t i n g e n z y m e s and, 360, 362 molecule,

size of, 104-105 structure of, 104 penetration, 120-121

c o m p e t e n t cells and, 119-125 phage, a m o u n t of, 174-175 phage density and, 66 phage gene n u m b e r and, 68-71

polymers, de novo synthesis of, 345-346 preparation, transformation and, 98 procaryotic cells and, 450

prophage, transformation and, 103 protein c o m p o s i t i o n and, 431-434, 436 protein synthesis and, 374

release of, 117 renaturation of, 110 replication, 327

auxiliary e n z y m e s and, 358-360

bacteriophage, 355-356 bacteriophage 0 X - 1 7 4 , 363-364 base pairing and, 346-348 biochemical aspect, 107 current problems, 358-364

de novo p o l y m e r synthesis and, 3 4 5 - 346

division cycle and, 107-108 e n z y m i c synthesis and, 343-344 formal aspect, 106-107 in vitro, 351-355 recombination and, 40-41

ribonucleic acid synthesis and, 3 6 4 - 366

semiconservative, 348-351 sequential synthesis and, 356-358 t e m p l a t e copying and, 344-345 t e m p l a t e secondary structure and,

360-361

transforming activity and, 361-363 resistance transfer factor and, 202 ribosomal rabonucleic acid and, 438 sequence analysis,

hybridization and, 430

neighbor analysis and, 429-430 sequential synthesis of, 356-358 sex factors and, 188-189 shear degradation of, 111 soluble ribonucleic acid and, 438 space-filling m o d e l of, 333

"stamp of origin" of, 126-127 strandedness, transformation and, 118 strand separation, penetration and, 122 Streptomyces, transduction b y , 245 subcritical inactivation of, 109-110 synthetic, properties of, 353, 362 transduced, origin of, 80

transducing, transformation by, 61-62 transfer, conjugation and, 33-34 transformation and, 2, 88-90

transformation inhibition b y , 123-125 transforming, reactivation of, 360 Watson-Crick m o d e l of, 278

D e o x y r i b o n u c l e i c acid phosphatase, pol

ymerase and, 358-359 D e o x y r i b o n u c l e i c acid polymerase,

limited reaction of, 347, 357 nature of products, 353-355 3'-OH end group and, 358-360 purification, 343-344

auxiliary e n z y m e s and, 358-360 Depurination, catalysis of, 331

(10)

Derepression, prophages and, 211 D e t e r m i n a n t , conjugation and, 3 - 4 D i a m i n o p i m e l i c acid,

cell walls and, 459 s t r e p t o m y c e t e s and, 226 Dictyostelium discoideum,

D i e s t e r a s e ( s ) ,

deoxyribonucleic acid p o l y m e r a s e prod

ucts and, 357

m o n o n u c l e o t i d e s formed b y , 329 D i h y d r o s t r e p t o m y c i n , resistance to, 141 Dinitrophenol,

conjugation and, 27 penetration and, 120

D i p h o s p h o p y r i d i n e nucleotide, glutamic dehydrogenase and, 405-406

D i p h o s p h o p y r i d i n e nucleotide oxidase, bacterial m e m b r a n e s and, 454-455 Diplococcus pneumoniae, see also P n e u -

m o c o c c u s

deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422 h e t e r o g e n e i t y of, 426

p h e n o t y p i c transformation of, 362-364 ribonucleic acid,

ribosomal, 431 soluble, 432 D i p l o i d y ,

partial,

prophage and, 56-57 s t r e p t o m y c e t e s and, 248

Disulfide bonds, active site regions and, 376

D i v i s i o n cycle,

deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and, 107-108

l y s o g e n y and, 170

D o n o r strains, intermediate, 8-10 Drosophila, pseudoalleles in, 255-256 D r u g resistance,

episomes and, 156,197-203 transformation of, 91, 99 transmission of, 15-16

£

Echinocardium cordatum,

Echinus esculentus,

Eclipse, transformation and, 121-122, 130 Electron microscopy,

deoxyribonucleic acid strandedness and, 351

ribonucleic acid and, 339 Electrophoresis, m a l e cells and, 20 E n d o n u c l e a s e ,

m o n o n u c l e o t i d e s formed b y , 329 phage </>X-174 nucleic acid and, 342 polymerase and, 359

Energy, cellular union and, 26-27 Enterobacteriaceae,

cross m a t i n g s b e t w e e n , 12-15

deoxyribonucleic acid, base c o m p o s i t i o n of, 421

e p i s o m e s in, 156

resistance transfer factor and, 198 E n t r o p y , nucleic acid helices and, 335 E n v i r o n m e n t , penetration and, 120 E n z y m e ( s ) ,

active site regions of, 375-376 a c t i v i t y

m u t a t i o n a l alteration of, 378-383 regulation of, 403-406

allosteric interactions of, 377 formation,

gene interaction and, 400-412 regulation of, 378

function, primary structure and, 3 9 9 - 400

g e n e s and, 293-295

interallele c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n and, 4 0 6 - 408

levels, m u t a t i o n s and, 382-383 qualitative alterations in, 379-382 specific association of, 377-378 structure and function of, 375-378 subunits, c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n and, 300 E o s i n m e t h y l e n e blue, galactose m u t a n t s

and, 263 E p i s o m e ( s ) ,

alternation of states of, 186-187 a u t o n o m o u s , 156-158

bacterial, general properties of, 156- 157

cellular regulatory m e c h a n i s m s and, 210-214

colicinogenic, 190-197 concept of, 155-156

(11)

E p i s o m e (s)—Continued conjugation and, 2 e v o l u t i o n and, 214-215 F0 transmission and, 203-205 genetic transfer and, 206-208 host cell modifications and, 172-175 i m m u n i t y and repression, 184-186 integrated, 157-175

interactions, 208-210 mutator, 17

nuclear and cytoplasmic states of, 169- 172

other elements, 205-206

physical and chemical nature of, 174- 175,188-190

recombination and, 167-169 resistance transfer and, 197-203 Streptomyces and, 246

transfer, deoxyribonucleic acid c o m  position and, 438-439

E p i s o m e F , satellite deoxyribonucleic acid and, 425

Epoxides, l y s o g e n y and, 171 Erwinia ananas,

Erwinia carotovora,

Erwinia chrysanthemi,

Erwinia cypripedii,

Erwinia mille tiae,

Erwinia nigrifluens,

Erwinia nimipressuralis,

Erwinia rhapontica,

Erythromycin, resistance t o , 141-142 Escherichia coli,

alkaline phosphatase,

a m i n o acid changes in, 389, 399 colinearity and, 385

c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n and, 407 m u t a t i o n a l alterationsin, 379-380 regulatory genes and, 401 suppressor m u t a t i o n s and, 410, 411 bacteriophage f2 protein and, 437 c h r o m o s o m e , 340, 341, 450-451

replication of, 213 size of, 278

colicinogenic factors in, 191, 194 colicinogenic, l y s o g e n y of, 195-196 complex gene loci in, 262-271 control m e c h a n i s m s in, 317-320 crosses with Enterobacteriaceae, 13-14 deoxyribonucleic acid,

c o m p o s i t i o n of, 421, 422, 435 heterogeneity of, 425-427 molecular weight of, 105 penetration of, 121 reactivation and, 360

replication of, 351, 356-357, 361 deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase of,

343-346, 354, 358-360 drug resistant, 15-16

episomic alkaline phosphatase of, 437 exonuclease I of, 338

fimbriation factor of, 205 /3-galactosidase, m u t a t i o n s of, 379 lactose genes,

transduction of, 75 sexduction of, 298-299 linked loci in, 312, 313

phage infected, deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase of, 344, 346, 355, 361 recombination unit, size of, 281 ribonucleic acid,

h e m o g l o b i n synthesis and, 437 messenger, 432

phage nucleic acid and, 162 ribosomal, 431

soluble, 432

strains, conjugation of, 11-13 synthetic polyribonucleotides and, 437 threonine deaminases of, 404

thymineless, reversion of, 289-290 tobacco mosaic virus synthesis and,

437

transformation in, 101,119, 134, 138,140 tryptophan synthetase,

colinearity and, 385, 386 m u t a t i o n s of, 379, 380 regulation of, 401

suppressor m u t a t i o n s and, 410

(12)

wild strains, sex factors in, 190 Escherichia coli B ,

arabinose locus of, 270-272 fertility of, 13

Escherichia coli Κ 12, c h r o m o s o m e , 29, 31, 52

linearity of, 276 conjugation in, 2-11 cross m a t i n g of, 12-14 F°-lac factor and, 17

galactose gene transduction in, 51-73 genetic determinants of, 2

tryptophan s y n t h e t a s e locus, 269-270 suppressors and, 303

Estrogens, glutamic dehydrogenase and, 406

E t h y l e n e i m i n e s , l y s o g e n y and, 171 E t h y l ethanesulfonate, m u t a t i o n s and,

287, 288, 301

E t h y l m e t h a n e sulfonate, auxotroph selec

t i o n and, 257 Euglena gracilis,

deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422 heterogeneity of, 427 E v o l u t i o n ,

episomic e l e m e n t s and, 214-215 procaryotic cells and, 460-462 transduction and, 83-84 Exonuclease I,

n a t i v e deoxyribonucleic acid and, 338 phage 0 X - 1 7 4 nucleic acid and, 3 4 0 -

342

Exonuclease II, p o l y m e r a s e and, 360 F

F e e d - b a c k inhibition,

e n z y m e activity and, 403-406 repression and, 316

Fertility,

e p i s o m e s and, 156 origin of, 7-8 Fertility factors,

a u t o n o m o u s state of, 175-176 integrated state of, 176-186

lethally labeled with phosphorus, 180 marker introduction b y , 180-182 recombination of, 178-184

site of c h o m o s o m a l a t t a c h m e n t , 177- 178

F factor,

nature of, 35

surface c o m p o n e n t and, 16 transfer, 34

F i m b r i a t i o n factor, nature of, 205 F-lac factor,

conjugation and, 23

prophage elimination by, 208-209 F°-lac factor,

antigens and, 20 transmission of, 16-17, 35 Flagella, structure of, 457-458 Flagellin, m o t i l i t y and, 142 Flavobacterium acidificum,

Flavobacterium aquatile,

Flavobacterium arborescens, deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of,

422

Flavorbacterium esteroaromaticum deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of,

422

Flavobacterium flavescens,

Flavobacterium suaveolens, deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of,

422

Flavobactenum vitarumens, deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of

422

Fluorocitrate, a c e t y l c o e n z y m e A car

boxylase and, 405 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine,

repression and, 165

transforming a c t i v i t y and, 122 Folic acid,

formation, transformation and, 143-144 Fork m e c h a n i s m , deoxyribonucleic acid

replication and, 357 F o r m a l d e h y d e ,

m e l t e d deoxyribonucleic acid and, 3 3 7 - 338

transforming a c t i v i t y and, 113

F o r m a m i d e , transforming a c t i v i t y and, 113

F o r m y l histidine, histidine m u t a n t s and, 306

F+ strains, stability of, 7 - 8 Fo transmission factor,

(13)

Fo transmission factor—Continued a u t o n o m o u s state of, 203-204 c h r o m o s o m e transfer b y , 207 integrated state of, 204

other episomic characteristics of, 2 0 4 - 205

Fungi,

bacterial affinities and, 446

deoxyribonucleic acid, base c o m p o s i  tion of, 422, 424

Fungi Imperfecti, parasexual cycle in, 223

Fusiformis fusiformis,

Fusiformis polymorphus,

G

Galactokinase, c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n tests and, 298

Galactose,

fermentation, control of, 319-320 Galactose, fermentation, control of, 319—

320 Galactose genes,

arrangement, strains and, 292 c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n and, 298 fine structure of, 263, 265-267 sex factors and, 182,183 transduction of, 5 1 - 7 3 , 1 6 8 transformation and, 140 jS-Galactosidase,

abortive transduction and, 79 altered levels of, 382 code and, 437

c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n and, 299, 300, 314 complex gene loci and, 262-263, 266 F-lac e l e m e n t s and, 182, 183

Fo-lac factor and, 204 m u t a t i o n a l alterations in, 379 operator region and, 378 repressor, transfer of, 36 synthesis, regulation of, 400-401 Galactoside permease,

c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n and, 299 operon and, 401

Galactoside transacetylase, operon and, 401

G e n e ( s ) ,

bacterial, phage and, 6 0 - 6 2 definition of, 299

e n z y m e s and, 293-295

formal genetic analysis of, 254-255 interaction, e n z y m e formation and,

400-412

linearity and continuity of, 274-276 m u t a b l e sites, m a x i m u m n u m b e r of,

279

physical structure and dimensions of, 278-283

protein fine structure and, 385

recombination, Streptomyces, 243-246 regulatory and structural, 314-315 reversions and, 302-303

structure, physicochemical data and, 276-283

transduced, material origin of, 80 G e n e locus,

complex,

bacteria and, 256-257 concept of, 256-276

Eschenchia coli and, 262-271 other bacteria and, 271-273

Salmonella typhimurium and, 2 5 8 - 262

structure of, 273-276 techniques and, 257-258

G e n e t i c analysis, transformation and, 140-144

Genetic function, gene or cistron and, 299-300

Genetic interactions,

inducible and repressible s y s t e m s , 3 1 6 - 317

linked loci and, 309-312 operator and, 315 operon concept and, 316 order of gene loci and, 312-314 regulatory and structural genes, 3 1 4 -

315

structural associations and, 309-314 Genetic linkage, transformation and, 127-

128

Genetic markers, c h r o m o s o m e replication and, 358

Genetic material, structure and chemistry of, 328-342

Genetics,

biochemical, transduction and, 83 deoxyribonucleic acid and, 90-96

(14)

Genetic transfer, e p i s o m e s and, 206-208 procaryotic cells and, 452

Glaucoma chattoni, deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422

G l u t a m i c acid, cell walls and, 459

t r y p t o p h a n s y n t h e t a s e and, 388, 389 G l u t a m i c dehydrogenase,

activation, aggregation and, 405-406 c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n and, 407

m u t a t i o n a l alterations of, 379 suppressor m u t a t i o n s and, 412 Glutathione, l y s o g e n y and, 171 G l y c i n e ,

deoxyribonucleic acid c o m p o s i t i o n and, 434

tryptophan synthetase and, 388, 389 Growth rate, suppressor m u t a t i o n s and,

411 Guanine,

alkylating agents and, 113

deoxyribonucleic acid and, 105-106, 109 e t h y l ethanesulfonate and, 287 nitrous acid and, 112

occurrence of, 329

Guanosine, protonated form of, 330 G u i n e a pig, satellite deoxyribonucleic

acid of, 427 H

Halobacterium cutirubrum, satellite d e  oxyribonucleic acid of, 427 H alobacterium salinarium, satellite d e 

oxyribonucleic acid of, 427

Haplolethals, recombination frequencies and, 232-234

H e a t ,

nucleic acid penetration and, 120, 121 transforming a c t i v i t y and, 108-110, 120 H e a v y metals, e p i s o m e s and, 156

H e m o g l o b i n ,

a m i n o acid changes in, 382-385, 399 code universality and, 437

messenger ribonucleic acid and, 402 synthesis, transformation and, 104 Hemophilus,

c o m p e t e n c e in, 115-116

interspecific transformation of, 102

transformation, 90, 91, 97, 101, 112, 134, 137-138

inhibition of, 124 Hemophilus influenzae,

heterologous nucleic acid and, 121 Hemophilus parainfluenzae,

nucleic acid, pentration of, 121 H e r p e s simplex virus,

Heteroallelic agents, tranformation b y , 93-95

H e t e r o c l o n e s , analysis of, 228-236 d e t e c t i o n of, 228-231 H e t e r o g e n o t e s ,

defective, superinfection of, 57-58 persistence of, 249

H e t e r o k a r y o n s , c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n in, 296, 406

Heterokaryosis, balanced, 242-243

recombination and, 249-250 Hfr strains,

chromosomal configuration of, 6 colicinogenic factors and, 192-193 cytoplasmic transfer b y , 36, 176

genetic fine structure analysis and, 262-263

linkage analysis and, 41-44

marker transmission b y , 4 - 5 , 176-177 Salmonella, 14

stability of, 7-8

H f t strains, density changes in, 169 Histidine,

auxotrophs, linked loci in, 311-313 biosynthesis,

control of, 318

multisite m u t a n t s and, 306 regulation of, 402, 403 complex gene loci and, 264

deoxyribonucleic acid c o m p o s i t i o n and, 434

phosphoribosyl-adenosine triphosphate pyrophosphorylase and, 405

Histidine l o c u s ( i ) , cis-trans test and, 296

c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n and, 299-300 distribution of, 237

fine structure of, 271, 273-275, 277, 279

(15)

H i s t i d i n e l o c u s ( i ) —C o n t i n e d nonidentical m u t a t i o n s in, 283 recombinants and, 282 recombination rate of, 280 reversion, base analogs and, 290 size of, 279

t r y p t o p h a n s y n t h e t a s e and, 269-270 H o s t cell,

modifications,

phage controlled, 172-175

resistance transfer factor and, 201 sex factor and, 187-188

H y b r i d intermediate, transduction and, 74

Hybridization, deoxyribonucleic acid se

quences and, 430, 438 Hydrodictyon reticulatum,

H y d r o g e n bonding, nucleic acid base pairs and, 334

H y d r o x y lamine, m u t a t i o n s and, 287-289 5 - H y d r o x y m e t h y l c y t o s i n e , occurrence of,

329

5 - H y d r o x y m e t h y l - d e o x y r i b o u r i d y l i c acid, unbalanced nucleic acid composi

tion and, 428

5-Hydroxymethyluracil, occurrence of, 329

H y p o x a n t h i n e , base pairing and, 347 I

I m i d a z o l e acetol phosphate ester trans

aminase, c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n and, 296

Imidazole glycerol phosphate,

conversion, c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n and, 299 I m m u n i t y ,

colicinogenic factors and, 196 sex factors and, 184-186

I m m u n o l o g y , Fo-lac factor and, 204-205 Indole, t r y p t o p h a n auxotrophs and, 258,

259, 269

Indole glycerol phosphate, t r y p t o p h a n synthesis and, 259, 269

I n d u c e d fit, e n z y m e a c t i v i t y and, 376 Inducer, repressor and, 400-401

Information,

translation, biochemical function and, 292-309

Integration, m e c h a n i s m of, 130-138

Interference, e p i s o m e s and, 172-173 Inversions, m u t a t i o n s and, 292 Invertebrates,

deoxyribonucleic acid, base composi

tion of, 422, 424 Isochrysis gaidana,

Isoleucine,

auxotrophs, antibiotic production and, 247

complex gene loci and, 264

glutamic dehydrogenase and, 406 threonine deaminases and, 404, 405 Isoleucine-valine,

auxotrophs, linked loci and, 313 Isotopes, deoxyribonucleic acid and, 114

Κ

K a p p a particle, satellite deoxyribonucleic acid and, 426, 427

K i d n e y ,

deoxyribonucleic acid, heterogeneity of, 426

Klebsiella aerogenes,

Klebsiella atlantae,

Klebsiella edwardsii,

Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis,

L

Lactic oxidase, transformation and, 143 Lactose g e n e ( s ) ,

c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n tests and, 298-300, 314

complex loci and, 262-263, 265, 266 cross-reacting material and, 302 deoxyribonucleic acid of, 189

fertility factors and, 178-179, 181, 182 intergeneric transfer of, 182

transduction of, 75-76

(16)

crossing-over frequency in, 281 operator and, 315, 316 recombination rate of, 280 regulatory g e n e s and, 314-315 size of, 281

Leishmania tarentolae,

Leptospira biflexa,

Leptospira pomona,

Lethal zygosis, colicinogenic factors and, 192-193, 197

Leucine,

c h y m o t r y p s i n and, 376 complex gene loci and, 264

glutamic dehydrogenase and, 406 Leucine locus,

arabinose locus and, 271 size of, 279

Leucovorin, irradiated, l y s o g e n y and, 171

Linkage,

analysis of, 41-44 d e t e c t i o n of, 254-255 transduction and, 79-80

Linkage groups, i n d e p e n d e n t segregation of, 231-232

Listeria, m e s o s o m e s in, 454

Lithium salts, deoxyribonucleic acid crystals and, 335

Liver,

ribonucleic acid, messenger, 432 Locusta migratoria,

L o w angle X - r a y scattering,

deoxyribonucleic acid strandedness and, 351

ribonucleic acid and, 339

Lozenge gene, recombination and, 2 5 5 - 256

Lumbricus terrestris,

Lysates, transducing particles in, 76-77

L y s i n e ,

deoxyribonucleic acid c o m p o s i t i o n and, 434

synthesis, feed-back inhibition and, 404

trypsin and, 376

Lysis, induction of, 53, 171-172 L y s o g e n y ,

e p i s o m e s and, 156

frequency, factors affecting, 170 genetic control of, 161

i m m u n i t y and, 162-167

nontransducing phase and, 62-64 repression and, 163-167

L y s o z y m e ,

G r a m - n e g a t i v e bacteria and, 459 m u t a n t s , acridine and, 305, 391

M

M a g n e s i u m ions, deoxyribonucleic acid stability and, 336

M a n n i t o l , transformation and, 91

M a n n i t o l p h o s p h a t e dehydrogenase, transformation and, 143

M a p building, transformation and, 129- 130

M a p length, m a x i m u m intragenic recom

bination and, 280

Marker size, transformation and, 128-130 M a t i n g t y p e , determination of, 2-7 M e l t i n g temperature, base c o m p o s i t i o n

and, 105-106, 109

M e m b r a n e s , procaryotic cells and, 4 4 9 - 450, 453-457

M e r o g e n o t e s , sex factors and, 182

M e s e l s o n - S t a h l experiment, implications of, 349, 350

M e s o s o m e s , occurrence of, 454 M e t h i o n i n e ,

c h y m o t r y p s i n and, 376 complex gene loci and, 264

glutamic dehydrogenase and, 406 6 - M e t h y l a m i n o p u r i n e , formation of, 330,

360

5 - M e t h y l c y t o s i n e , formation of, 329, 360 N - M e t h y l c y t o s i n e , imino t a u t o m e r of,

331

N - M e t h y l u r a c i l , enol t a u t o m e r of, 331

(17)

Micrococcus,

m e s o s o m e s in, 454 transduction in, 49

Micrococcus asaccharolyticus, deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of,

422

Micrococcus lysodeikticus, c h r o m o s o m e of, 451

deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422 heterogeneity of, 426 ribonucleic acid,

ribosomal, 431 soluble, 432

Micrococcus pyogenes, deoxyribonucleic acid,

composition of, 422 heterogeneity of, 426 Microcyclus,

Micromonospora coerulea,

M i n u t e colonies, phage P I transduction and, 297

Mitochondria, eucaryotic cells and, 4 5 2 - 453

M i t o m y c i n C,

colicin production and, 196 l y s o g e n y and, 171

resistance transfer factor and, 201 sex factors and, 189

transformation and, 134 Monodus subterraneus,

M o t i l i t y ,

analysis, tranformation and, 142 abortive transduction of, 77-78 conjugation and, 20, 23 sex factors and, 188

M u c o p e p t i d e s , bacterial cell walls and, 459-460

Multiplicity of infection, transduction efficiency and, 62-64

Muramic acid, cell walls and, 459

Mustard gases, transforming activity a n d , 1 1 3

Mutability-transfer factor, nature of, 205-206

sex factors and, 207

M u t a g e n ( s ) , genetic code and, 308, 3 9 7 - 398

M u t a g e n e s i s , chemical, 285-286 M u t a n t s ,

e x t r e m e l y rough, transformation of, 90, 92

multisite, nature of, 284, 291, 306 single and multiple site, 273-274 translational, 303-304

M u t a t i o n s ,

base alterations and, 286-287 base analogs and, 286 base r e m o v a l and, 287

base substitution and, 286-290, 301-304 block deletions or translocations and,

291-292

definition of, 283-284 d e t e c t i o n of, 378

e n z y m e levels and, 382-383 forward and reverse, 284-285 mapping, tranduction and, 81-82 multisite, gene m a p p i n g and, 82 nitrous acid and, 112-113 p h e n o t y p e and, 300-306

protein primary structure and, 383-385 qualitative alterations and, 379-382 suppressor, 408-412

unitary additions or deletions and, 290-291, 304-306

unit of, 282-283

M y c e l i u m , conjugation and, 238 Mycobacterium, m e s o s o m e s in, 454 Mycobacterium phlei,

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of,

422

Mycobactenum vadosum,

Mycoplasma gallisepticum,

M y x o b a c t e r i a , m o v e m e n t of, 458 m u c o p e p t i d e in, 459 Myxococcus fulvus,

(18)

Myxococcus virescens,

Myxococcus xanthus,

Ν Navicula clostenum,

Navicula pelliculosa,

N e a r e a s t neighbor frequency, s y n t h e t i c ribonucleic acid and, 365 t e m p l a t e copying and, 344-345

N e g a t i v e interference, linkage analysis and, 42-43

Neisseria, interspecific transformation of, 102

Neisseria catarrhalis, transformation of, 9 7 , 1 0 1

Neisseria gonorrhoeae,

Neisseria meningitidis,

Neurospora,

adenylosuccinase of, 412 c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n in, 300 glutamic dehydrogenase,

c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n and, 407 m u t a t i o n s of, 379 suppressors and, 412

interallele c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n in, 406, 407

linked loci and, 312, 313

ornithine transcarbamylase of, 409 ribosomal nucleic acid, synthesis of,

438

suppressor m u t a t i o n s in, 409, 412 transformation of, 101, 103

t r y p t o p h a n s y n t h e t a s e , m u t a t i o n s of, 379, 380 suppressors and, 303 tyrosinase,

m u t a t i o n s of, 379 regulation of, 402

Neurospora crassa,

genetic analysis and, 256-257 N i c k e l ions, F factor and, 175,184 Nitrobacter, m e m b r a n e of, 454 N i t r o g e n ,

fixation, transformation and, 142-143 N i t r o g e n mustard,

colicin production and, 196 l y s o g e n y and, 171

nucleic acid penetration and, 120 transforming a c t i v i t y and, 113 translocations and, 292

p - N i t r o p h e n y l phosphate, phosphatase m u t a n t s and, 267-268

Nitrosocystis, m e m b r a n e of, 454 N i t r o u s acid,

deoxyribonucleic acid and, 112-113 m e l t e d deoxyribonucleic acid and, 3 3 7 -

338

m u t a t i o n s and, 286-288, 398

s y n t h e t i c polyribonucleotides and, 398 N o n c h r o m o s o m a l material, transfer of,

34-36 N u c l e i ,

heterogenotic,

multiplication of, 240-242 nature of, 240

procaryotic cells and, 450-452 N u c l e i c acid,

one molecule, one c h r o m o s o m e , 339-340 N u c l e o t i d e ( s ) ,

a m i n o acid relationship, 391-397 changes, reversion and, 386-387 N u c l e o t i d e composition, coding unit se

quence and, 391-399

N u c l e o t i d e pairs, reversions and, 302 N u t r i t i o n , recombination efficiency and,

37-38

Ο

One gene-one e n z y m e hypothesis, v a  lidity of, 293-294

Operator, repressor and, 315, 401 Operon,

arabinose loci and, 319 e v i d e n c e for, 316

galactose loci and, 319-320 histidine loci and, 318 polarity effects and, 403

(19)

Ornithine trancarbamylase, suppressor m u t a t i o n s and, 409

Orthophosphate, alkaline phosphatase re

pression b y , 317

Osmotic shock, c o m p e t e n c e and, 118 Ρ

Pancreas,

ribonucleic acid, messenger, 432 Papaver somnijerum,

Paracentrotus lividus,

Paramecium aurelia, deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422 satellite, 42&-427 Particles,

transducing, ordinary l y s a t e s and, 7 6 - 77

Pasteurella aviseptica,

Pasteurella boviseptica,

Pasteurella pestis, F-lac e l e m e n t s and, 182

Pasteurella tularensis,

P e a ,

ribonucleic acid, ribosomal, 431 Penetration,

m e c h a n i s m and polarity of, 121-123 requirements for, 120-121

species specificity and, 121 two steps of, 119-120 Penicillin,

auxotroph selection and, 257

deoxyribonucleic acid liberation b y , 101-102

Gram-negative bacteria and, 459 resistance, tranformation of, 92, 141 susceptibility, phage conversion and,

174

Penicillinase, transformation and, 101 Pénicillium, transformation and, 103

Periodate,

de virilizing action of, 21 donor cells and, 188 Peroxides,

colicin production and, 196 l y s o g e n y and, 171 p H ,

conjugation and, 24, 26 defective prophage and, 54 Phaseolus vulgans,

P h e n o l , deoxyribonucleic acid extraction and, 98

P h e n o t y p e , m u t a t i o n and, 300-306 P h e n y l a l a n i n e ,

c h y m o t r y p s i n and, 376

incorporation of, 393, 396 Phormidium, cell walls of, 459 Phormidium luridum,

Phosphatase, alkaline,

a m i n o acid changes in, 389, 399 code and, 307, 308, 437 colinearity and, 385

c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n and, 300, 407 c o m p l e x gene loci and, 265, 267-268 control m e c h a n i s m s and, 317

crossing-over frequency and, 281 cross-reacting material and, 301 m u t a t i o n a l alterations in, 379-380 recombination rate of, 280

regulatory genes and, 401 reversions and, 303 sexduction and, 183 size of, 282

suppressors and, 303, 304, 410, 411 Phosphogalactotransferase, episomes and,

159

Phosphoribosyl-adenosine triphosphate pyrophosphorylase, feed-back in

hibition and, 405 Phosphorus,

colicinogenic factors and, 195

decay, recombination and, 37, 38, 40-41 sex factors and, 188-189