A Acenaphthene,
-1-amide, synthesis of, 32 1-ethyl-, synthesis of, 32
1-Acenaphthoic acid, synthesis of, 32 Acetidones, synthesis using diazoketones,
485-486
Acetoacetic acid dimethyl amide, synthesis of, 298-299
Acetone,
1 -acet oxy-1 -e thy lmer capt o-, synthesis of, 463
a-chloro-a-ethylmercapto-, synthesis of, 463
1 -methoxy-1 -ethylmercapto-, synthesis of, 463
Acetophenone,
2',4-dimethoxy-, synthesis of, 469 co-ethoxy-, synthesis of, 469 2,4,6-triphenyl-, synthesis of, 416 synthesis of, 472-473
a-Acetyl-|3-methyl-5-caprolactone, preparation of, 234
rearrangement of, 235-236 Acetylene,
derivatives, preparation of, 426ff.
di-, preparation of, 443
phenyl-, preparation of, 443-444 phenylmercapto-, preparation of, 445 trifluoromethyl-, preparation of, 445 Acetylenic bond, formation of, 425-450 Acid amide (s),
-acyl chloride adducts, 288-293 reaction with halogen compounds, 273-
276
syntheses using, 241-301
4-Acycloxazolin-5-ones, rearrangement of, 213-214
a-Acyl derivatives, preparation of, 200-202
by direct synthesis, 202- by ester condensation, 200-202 a-Acyllactams,
optical measurements of, 224-226 preparation of, 200
rearrangement of, 211-213 in mineral acids, 222
Acyllactone rearrangement, 199-239 applications to special syntheses, 2 3 1 -
233
functional groups in, 231 limitations of, 230-231 mechanism of, 228-230 methods of, 202-204
in alcohol/H+, 202-203 in aqueous acid, 203-204 ring size in, 230
special reactions in, 204 OT-Acyllactones,
enol content of, 223
macrocyclic, rearrangement of, 209-210 optical measurements of, 224-226 preparation of, 200
rearrangement of, in higher alcohols, 223 in mineral acids, 216-221
a-substituted, rearrangement of, 214- 215
a-Acyl- 5-lact ones,
bicyclic, rearrangement of, 208-209 rearrangement of, 206-208, 210-211 a-Acyl-5-lactones,
bicyclic, rearrangement of, 208-209 rearrangement of, 204-206, 210-211 ring-opening mechanism of, 227 a-Acylthiolactones,
optical measurements of, 224-226 preparation of, 200
rearrangement of, in mineral acids, 221 Adenosine triphosphate, synthesis of, 337,
349 Aldehydes,
homologous, synthesis using diazo
ketones, 459-460 synthesis of,
using diazoketones, 467-477 by Wittig reaction, 146-147 iV-Alkylthioacid amides, synthesis of, 39 DL-Allophenylserine hydrochloride, methyl
ester of, 479-480
538
S U B J E C T I N D E XAllyl bromides, rearrangement of, 161-162 Amidine, synthesis of, 288-290
Amidophosphoric acids, reactions of, 340- 342
Amine oxides, of pyridine series, prepara
tion and properties of, 81-83 Amines, alkylated, from pyrylium salts,
379
Amino alcohols, synthesis using diazo
ketones, 478-479
p-Aminobenzaldehyde, synthesis of, 15-16, 33, 35-36
a-Amino-/3-hydroxy acids, synthesis using diazoketones, 479-480
a-Amino-7-keto acids, synthesis using diazoketones, 470
a-Amino ketones, synthesis using diazo
ketones, 469-470
Aminonitriles, from pyrylium salts, 388 tt-Amyrin, synthesis of, 135
Anabasine, synthesis of, 222
Ar-Anilido-2-methyl-4,6-diphenylpyridin- ium iodide, synthesis of, 413 Asinger reaction, 13-15
Azulene (s),
5-benzoyl-, synthesis of, 484
derivatives, from pyrylium salts, 396- 398, 417-418
4,8-dimethyl-6-ethoxy-, synthesis of, 418 synthesis using diazoketones, 483-484 4,6,8-trimethyl-, synthesis of, 417-418
B
Barbituric acid, dimethyl-, reaction with acid amides, 251-254
Benzene,
derivatives, from pyrylium salts, 389- 392
dicarboxylic acids, synthesis from toluic acids, 26
o-divinyl-, preparation of, 122-123 1,2,3,5-tetraphenyl-, synthesis of, 417 1,3,5-Benzenetriacetic acid, synthesis of,
32
Benzocyclobutene derivatives, synthesis using diazoketones, 482
Benzonitrile, 2,4-diphenyl-5-benzoyl-6- amino-, synthesis of, 416
Benzoylformic acid p-nitrophenylhydra- zide chloride, preparation of, 467
Bicyclo[2.2.1 ]heptane-l-thionium bromide derivatives, synthesis using diazo
ketones, 497
Bicyclo[2.1.1 ]hexane derivatives, synthesis of, 483
Bixin, methyl-, 127-128
A-Bromoimides, preparation and bromi
nating properties of, 154 iV-Bromosuccinimide,
activators of, 156-158, 191
allylic bromination by, 158-161, 192 formation of 1:1 adducts by, 162 in heterogeneous phase, 187-190 in olefinic bromination, 162-163 oxidation reactions of, 163-190 properties of, 151-198
unique, 154-156
purification of, 184-187, 191 reactions of, 151-198
inhibitors of, 191-192 reactivity of, 164-184
alcohols, phenols, and mercaptans, 175
alicyclic olefins, 165-170
aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons, 164
aliphatic and aromatic amines, 175- 179, 190
ethers and thioethers, 175 heterocycles, 179-180 mono- and diolefins, 164-165 mono- and polycyclic aromatic com
pounds, 170-173
substituent effect on, 180-184 side reactions of, 161-162
Butadienes, 1,4-diacyl-, synthesis of, 475 Butenolides, synthesis using diazoketones,
499
2-ter2-Buty 1-4,6-diphenylpyryHum chloro
ferrate, synthesis of, 411
Butyramide, j8,/3-dimethyl-, synthesis of, 31-32
C
Caffeine, synthesis of, 242-245, 246-248 Carbamyl phosphates, preparation of,
339-340
Carbodiimides, in pyrophosphate prepara
tion, 336-339
Carbonyl-olefin transformation, of ster
oidal ketones, 136 Carboxylic acid,
amides, 7V,iV-disubstituted, autocon- densation of, 290-291
homologous, synthesis using diazoke
tones, 457-459
from pyrylium salts, 385-387 0-Carotene, synthesis of, 125-126, 127 Chalinasterol, 130
Chloramine,
aldehyde chlorimines from, 314-315 O-alkyl and O-arylhydroxylamines from,
311-314
amines from, 304-306 hydrazines from, 307
reactions of organomagnesium com
pounds, 304-306
with mercapto compounds, 314 with organolithium and organozine
compounds, 306 with phosphines, 311 syntheses using, 303-317
Cholesterol, 25-dehydro-, preparation of, 130, 131
Cicutol, synthesis of, 128 Citral, synthesis of, 139-140 Coenzyme A, synthesis of, 341-342 Coumarone derivatives, synthesis using
diazoketones, 480
Crocetin derivatives, synthesis of, 126-127 Cyclododecyne, preparation of, 445 Cyclopropane derivatives, synthesis using
diazoketones, 481-482
Cytidine, coenzymes of, preparation of, 337
D
1,2-Diazacyclobutanones, synthesis using diazoketones, 485-486
1,2-Diazacycloheptatriene, synthesis using diazoketones, 471-474
Diazoethane, l-p-chlorobenzyl-, prepara
tion of, 456 Diazoketones,
coupling reactions of, 501-502 mode of reaction of, 451-454 N elimination from, 451-452 preparation of, 454-457
reactions of,
with diethyl phosphite, 501 with electrophilic agents, 452-453 at terminal N of diazo group, 453-454 syntheses using, 451-508
of aldehydes, 459-460, 467-477 of amino alcohols, 477-481 of carboxylic acids, 457-459 of «,co-dicarboxylic acids, 480-481 of glycols, 477-481
of heterocyclic compounds, 485-501 of hydrocarbons, 481
of a-hydroxy acids, 466-467 of hydroxy aldehydes, 464-465 of isocyclic compounds, 481-485 of a-keto acids, 465-466 of a-keto aldehydes, 460-464 of ketones, 467-477
Dibenzyl disulfide, synthesis of, 37 a,co-Dicarboxylic acids, syntheses using
diazoketones, 480-481
7V,Af'-Dicyclohexyldithioxalic acid dia- mide, synthesis of, 44-45
Dihalides,
dehydrohalogenation of, 425-437 using alkali amides, 430-435 using alkali hydroxide, 425-430 using organometallic compounds, 437 2,6-Diisobuty 1-4-methy lpy ry Hum chlor o-
aluminate, synthesis of, 412 1,4-Diketones, synthesis of, 474-475 Dimethyl docos-ll-ene-10,13-dione-l,22-
dioate, synthesis of, 474
2,6-Dime thy l-4-ter?-butylpy rylium per
chlorate, synthesis of, 412-413 Dimethyl docosane-l,22-dioate, synthesis
of, 481
2,6-Dimethyl-4-ethoxypyrylium perchlo
rate, synthesis of, 413
1,3-Diphenylisochromylium perchlorate, synthesis of, 412
2,6-Dipheny 1-4-isopropylpyrylium chloro
ferrate, synthesis of, 410
2,6-Dipheny l-4-nitromethylene-4H-py ran, synthesis of, 414
2,6-Diphenylpyrylium perchlorate, syn
thesis of, 409
1,1-Diphenylvinyl methyl ether, prepara
tion of, 148
540
S U B J E C T I N D E XDiphosphopyridine nucleotide, synthesis of, 337
l,2-Di(4-pyridyl)ethane, synthesis of, 36 Di(4-pyridylmethyl) disulfide, synthesis
of, 37-38
1,3-Dithiocyclopentane, synthesis using diazoketones, 496-497
Dodeca-3,5-dien-lyne, synthesis of, 125 E
Emmert reaction, 58
Enol phosphites, preparation of, 326-332 Ethanolamine, 1-phenyl-, synthesis of, 478 a-Ethoxalyl-5-thiovalerolactone, prepara
tion of, 233-234
Ethyl indolylpyruvate, synthesis of, 477 Ethyl 2,4,6-triphenylbenzoate, synthesis
of, 416
Ethylene, 1,2-diacyl-, synthesis of, 474 F
Flavine-adenine-dinucleotide, preparation of, 335
Formamide,
gas-phase reactions with, 292-295 reactions of,
with acetone, 294-295
with halogen compounds, 273-276 with methyl ethyl ketone, 294-295 with Mannich-type compounds, 278-
280
syntheses with, 241-301 Furan derivatives,
from diazoketones, 497-498 from pyrylium salts, 375-378
G
Glucose-6-phosphate, preparation of, 321 Glycols, synthesis using diazoketones,
477-480 Glyoxal,
benzyl-, preparation of, 464 phenyl-, preparation of, 462-463
H
a-Haloketones, synthesis using diazo
ketones, 467-468
n-Heptanamide, synthesis of, 33 2-Heptanone, 1-fluoro-, synthesis of, 467-
468
Heterocyclic ring systems, preparation of, 199-239
Hexane, methylenecylco-, preparation of, 135-136
Hydantoins, iV-bromo-, allylic bromina- tions with, 193-194
Hydrazine, from cloramine, 307-311 Hydrazones, bis-, acetylenes from, 439 Hydrocarbons, synthesis using diazoke
tones, 480
a-Hydroxy aldehydes, preparation from diazoketones, 464-465
a-Hydroxymethylene-5-caprolactone, rearrangement of, 234-235 synthesis of, 233
5-Hydroxy-l-pentyne, preparation of, 444
I
Imidazole (s),
4-phenyl-, synthesis of, 298 syntheses of, 256-262
from acyloins, 256-257 from a-aminoketones, 259 from a-diketones, 257-259 using formamidine, 266-268 from a-haloketones, 260-261 from oxazoles, 261-262
Imidoyl phosphates, preparation of, 344- 346
Indanone, 2-diazo-l-, preparation of, 456- 457
Indoles, syntheses using diazoketones, 492-494
Isocyclic compounds, syntheses using diazoketones, 481-485
Isothionicotinic acid dimethyl amides, synthesis of, 36
K
a-Keto aldehydes, preparation of using diazoketones, 460-464
a-Keto triphenylphosphazines, prepara
tion of, 462
j8-Keto esters, synthesis using diazoke
tones, 470-471
Ketol ethers, synthesis using diazoketones, 469
Ketols, synthesis using diazoketones, 468 Ketones,
aliphatic, sulfur action on, 13-15
from pyrylium salts, 385-387
by substitution of a-keto carbenes, 475- 477
a,/3-unsaturated, synthesis of, 473 L
Lactaldehyde diethyl mercaptal, prepara
tion of, 465
Lactaldehyde 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone, preparation of, 465
Lycopene, synthesis of, 125, 127 M
Mandelic acid, preparation of, 466-467 Mannich-type compounds, reaction with
formamide, 278-280
Mercaptans, oxidation by sulfur, 28, 44 2-Methyl-4,6-diphenyl pyrylium salts, syn
thesis of, 411
Methyl ketones, synthesis of, 472-473 Methyl tetradeca-2,4-diene-8,10-diynoate,
preparation of, 124
Michaelis-Arbusov reaction, 324-326 Myosmine, synthesis of, 222
N Naphthalene,
derivatives, from pyrylium salts, 3 9 2 - 396
1,3-diphenyl-, synthesis of, 417 Nicotine, synthesis of, 222
Nitriles, from pyrylium salts, 385-387 Nitrobenzene,
2,4,6-triphenyl-, synthesis of, 415 2,6-dimethyl-4-methoxy-, synthesis of,
415
2,6-diphenyl-4-isobutyl-, synthesis of, 415
Nitro compounds, from pyrylium salts, 379-385
Nitrosoacylamines, /3-substituted, acety
lenes from, 440
Nonane-l,9-dicarboxylic acid, synthesis of, 45
O
Octa-3,5-diene-2,7-dione, synthesis of, 475 Olefins, oxidation with sulfur, 29
1,3,4-Oxadiazines, benzo-4H-, synthesis using diazoketones, 496
1-Oxaspiro [3,5]nonan-3-one, synthesis us
ing diazoketones, 500 Oxazole (s),
4-methyl-5-, synthesis of, 298 syntheses of, 262-266
from acyloin esters, etc., 262-263 from enediolic diesters, etc., 263-265 using formamidine, 266-268
from a-haloketones, 265-266 Oxazolethiones, synthesis using diazoke
tones, 490-491
5-Oxo-3-phenyl-l,2-dithiole, synthesis of, 34
P Perkow reaction, 326-332
Phenanthrene derivatives, from pyrylium salts, 393-396
Phenol (s),
condensation with sulfur, 35 3,5-dimethyl-, synthesis of, 414 from pyrylium salts, 378
Phenolic acids, from pyrylium salts, 387- 388
Phenyl vinyl ketone, synthesis of, 473 Phenylacetone, synthesis of, 473 Phenylalanine, carbamoylglycyl-, prepara
tion of, 350
o-Phenylenediamine, reaction with acid amides, 254-255
Phosdrin, synthesis of, 329, 348
Phosphonium salts, preparation of, 140- 142
Phosphoric acid,
amides, preparation of, 332-334 amido-, reactions of, 340-342 derivatives,
preparation of, 319-356 using acid chlorides, 319-321 diester synthesis, 334-337
esters with protected groups, synthesis of, 321-323
guanidides, preparation of, 332-334 keteneacylals of, 342-344
monobenzyl-, preparation of, 350 Phosphoric esters, preparation of, 324-326 Phosphorus ylene, preparation of, 143 Polyfluoro-2-butyne, preparation of, 445 Propiolic acid, o-chlorophenyl-, 444-445
542
S U B J E C T I N D E XPteridines, synthesis using diazoketones, 494-496
Pyrazoles, synthesis using diazoketones, 487-488
Pyridil, azi-a-, preparation of, 457 Pyridine (s),
4-acyl-, 66-67 acylation of, 58 alkyl-, 57-58
4-amino-, preparation of, 57, 76 bromination of, 55
4-bromo-, preparation of, 74-76 4-7i-butylamino, 96-97
chlorination of, 55 4-chloro-, 73-74, 96 derivatives,
from pyrylium salts, 357-359 synthesis using diazoketones, 491-494 iV-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)-4-phenacyl-l,4-
dihydro-, 95
4- (dicy anome thylene) -2,6-dime thy 1-1,4- dihydro-, synthesis of, 414
dihydro-, derivatives, from pyrylium salts, 367-375
4-halo-, preparation of, 73-76 4-hydroxy-, preparation of, 71 lithium, syntheses involving, 61 4-mercapto-, preparation of, 78-80 4-methyl-,
purification of, 98 sulfur reaction with, 16-17 synthesis of, 296
5-methyl-, synthesis of, 296-297 N-methyl-2,6-diphenyl-4-nitromethyl-
ene-l,4-dihydro-, synthesis of, 414 organometallic compounds of, syntheses
using, 60-61 4-phenacyl-, 95 phenyl-, 59, 297 4-phenylamino-, 96
4-n-propyl-, synthesis of, 296 4-substituted derivatives of, 62-80 sulfonation of, 55
2,4,6-trimethyl-, synthesis of, 413 2,4,6-triphenyl-, synthesis of, 413 Pyridine-JV-oxides, 93-95
4-chloro-, 98-99
electrophilic substitution of, 87-91 mechanism of reaction of, 80-81 nitration of, 87-88
4-nitro-, 98
reactions using, 89-91 preparation of, 81-83, 98
in preparation of substituted pyridine, 80-91
reactions of, 84-85 reduction of, 84-85 sulfonation of, 88 Pyridine ring,
substitution into, 53-109 electrophilic, 55-57 free radical, 59-60 nucleophilic, 57-59 reactivity of, 61-62 theory of, 53-55
Pyridine-4-thiocarboxylic acid morpholide, synthesis of, 37
Pyridinium compounds, derivatives of, from pyrylium salts, 359-361
Pyridinium salts, reactions using, 63-67 Pyridone derivatives, from pyrone deriva
tives, 362-367
Pyridyl-4-amines, substituted, 76-78 4-Pyridyl n-cetyl thioether, preparation
of, 97
Pyridyl-4-ethers, preparation of, 71-73 Pyridylmagnesium halides, syntheses in
volving, 60
4-Pyridyl 4-nitrophenyl ether, preparation of, 96
]V-Pyridyl-4-pyridinium chloride hydro
chloride, preparation of, 95-96 iV-Pyridyl-4-pyridinium salts, syntheses
using, 67-80
Pyridyl-4-thioethers, preparation of, 78-80 Pyrimidines,
4,5-diamino-, reaction with formamide, 245-246
reactions of, 272-273
syntheses of, 268-273, 295-296 Pyrolysis, acetylene preparation by, 4 4 1 -
443
Pyrophosphates, preparation of, by carbo
diimide method, 336-339 Pyrophosphoric acids,
diesters of, 349-350 preparation of, 334-336
Pyrroles, syntheses using diazoketones, 486
aromatic compounds from, 357-423
azulene derivatives of, 396-398, 417-418 benzene derivatives from, 378-396, 414-
417
heterocyclic aromatic compounds from, 413
interconversion of, 408-409 preparation of, 405-409
from olefins and acid chlorides, 408 from pyrones, 405-406
reaction mechanism of, 398-405 Q
Quaternary ammonium compounds, acet
ylenes from, 438-439
Quinoline, a-amino-, synthesis of, 291-293 Quinoxalines, synthesis using diazoke
tones, 494 S
Sodamide, in formation of acetylenic bond, 430-432
Squalene, synthesis of, 131-132
Steroidal ketones, olefin conversion of, 136 4,4/-Stilbenedicarboxylic acid, synthesis
of, 45
Succinimide, bromo-, see iV-Bromosuc- cinimide
Sugars, mercaptal of osone series, prepara
tion of, 461-462 Sulfur,
action on aliphatic ketones, 13-15 condensation with phenol, 35
oxidation of alkylaromatic compounds by, 25-28
reaction with alkyl heterocycles, 16-25 reactions with araliphatic and aliphatic
compounds, 1-51 T
Terephthalic acid, from p-xylene, 26 Tetramethylenebis (triphenylphospho-
nium) dibromide, preparation of, 142 Tetramethylenebis (triphenylphosphi-
anemethylene), preparation of, 144 Tetronic acid derivatives, synthesis using
diazoketones, 498-499 Theobromine, synthesis of, 246-248 Theophylline, synthesis of, 246-248, 295 Thiadiazoles, synthesis using dizoketones,
488-489
Thiazoles, synthesis using diazoketones, 489-490
Thioacetmorpholide, o-benzyloxyphenyl-, synthesis of, 32
iV-Thioacetylpyrrolidone, from vinylpyr- rolidone, 44
Thioacylhyerazones, synthesis of, 38 Thiobenzamide,
iV-butyl-, synthesis of, 38 iV-dimethyl-, synthesis of, 32 iV-xanthyl-, synthesis of, 298 Thiobenzanilide, synthesis of, 37 Thiobenzophenone, 4,4 '-bisdimethylami-
no-, synthesis of, 33
Thiobutyramide, iV-butyl-, synthesis of, 33 Thioformamides, reaction with halogen
compounds, 280-282
5-Thione-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-l,2-di- thiole, synthesis of, 33-34
3-Thione-4-(p-tolyl)-l,2-dithiole, synthesis of, 34
3-Thiophanone, synthesis using diazoke
tones, 496
Thiopicolinic acid, synthesis of, 36 Thiopyran derivatives, from pyrylium
salts, 367-375
Thiopyridone derivatives, from pyrone derivatives, 362-367
Thiopyrylium compounds, derivatives of, from pyrylium compounds, 361-362 Thiosemicarbazide, in sulfur-alkyl heter-
ocycle reaction, 21-25
Thiosemicarbazones, synthesis of, 38 Thiotoluidine, dehydro-, synthesis of, 36 Thiouramil, reaction with formamide, 246 Toluene, 3,5-diphenyl-, synthesis of, 416 Traube xanthine synthesis, simplification
of, 248-250 s-Triazine,
2-amino-, synthesis of, 297-298 derivatives of, 286-288 synthesis of, 297
using diazoketones, 492
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, reaction with sul
fur, 45-46
2,2,4-Triethyl-5-methylthiazoline, synthe
sis of, 34-35
Trifluoroacetoacetic ester, synthesis of, 17 Trifluoroacetyldiazoacetic ester, prepara
tion of, 457
544
S U B J E C T I N D E XTrifluoroacetylglyoxylic ester 2-hydrazone, synthesis of, 471
Trifluor oacety 1- (2-triphenylphosphazine) glyoxylic ester, synthesis of, 471 1,2,6-Trimethy 1-4-methoxypyridinium io-
dide, synthesis of, 413-414
2,4,6-Trimethylpyrylium perchlorate, syn
thesis of, 409
2,4,9-Trioxaadamantine, synthesis using diazoketones, 501
Triphenylcarbomethoxymethyl phospho
nium bromide, preparation of, 141- 142
Triphenylethylphosphonium bromide, preparation of, 142
Triphenylmethoxymethylphosphonium chloride, preparation of, 147-148 Triphenylmethyl chloride, reaction with
acid amides, 276-278
iV-Triphenylmethylformamide, synthesis of, 298
Triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide, preparation of, 141
Triphenylphosphineacylmethylene, prep
aration of, 146
Triphenylphosphinecarbalkoxymethyl- enes, preparation of, 146 Triphenylphosphinemethylenes,
carbonyl-olefin transformation with, 111-150
of steroidal ketones, 136 preparation of, 112-118, 142-146
by alkoxide method, 144-146 by organometallic method, 142-144 (See also Wittig reaction)
Triphenylphosphinevinylmethylene, prep
aration of, 144
2,4,6-Triphenyl pyrylium chloroferrate, synthesis of, 410-411
2,4,6-Triphenylthiopyrylium perchlorate, synthesis of, 414
Trisformylaminomethane, reactions of, 283-286 synthesis of, 282-283
Trithiones, synthesis of, 10-15, 45 Tschitschibabin synthesis, of 2-amino-
pyridine, 57
U
Uracil, 4-amino-, formylation of, 250-251 Uridine diphosphate glucose, preparation
of, 335, 337
V
Vinyl ethers, reaction with sulfur, 29 Vitamin D, synthesis of, 132-133 Vitamin D2, synthesis of, 132-133, 136
W Willgerodt reaction,
development of, 1-4 mechanism of, 4-10
Willgerodt-Kindler reaction, 3-4 Wittig reaction, 111-150
with alicyclic ketones, 132-136 with aliphatic ketones, 129-132 with aromatic aldehydes, 120-123 with aromatic ketones, 129
with carbon-carbon double bond, 140 with ester groups, 138
with isocyanates and ketenes, 138 mechanism of, 118-120
with nitroso compounds, 139
with thiocarbonyl compounds, 138-139 with unsaturated aldehydes, 123-128 with unsaturated ketones, 136-138
X Xanthine,
Traube synthesis of, 248-250 from 5-sulfaminouracils, 250 synthesis of, 295
Xylene, oxidation by sulfur compounds, 39-40, 44
