Salix acubijolia,
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422
Salix caprea,
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422
Salmonella,
abortive transduction of, 296-297 control m e c h a n i s m s in, 318
cross m a t i n g of, 13-14, 37
deoxyribonucleic acid, base composi
tion of, 421 histidine loci of, 237 linked loci in, 312-313 multisite m u t a n t s of, 291, 292 phage conversion in, 173 transduction in, 49, 50 Salmonella abony,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Salmonella enteritidis,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Salmonella gallinarum,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Salmonella paratyphi, colicinogenic, l y s o t y p i n g of, 195 deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of,
422
Salmonella typhi,
colicinogenic, l y s o t y p i n g of, 195 Salmonella typhimurium,
colicinogenic, resistance transfer factor a n d , 1 9 9
colicinogeny factors in, 15, 191-194, 206-207
c o m p l e x gene loci in, 262 cross m a t i n g of, 12, 14
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
fertility in, 8
histidine locus of, 277, 279, 299 m a l e cells, bacteriophage and, 20 multisite m u t a n t s of, 274-275 m u t a n t s , formyl histidine and, 306 pseudoalleles in, 256
transduction,
preliminary results, 260-262 techniques of, 258-260 Salmonella typhosa,
cross m a t i n g of, 12
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422, 435
episomes in, 156 fimbriation factor in, 205 Έο-lac factor of, 16-17, 203 Saprospira grandis,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Sarcina flava,
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422
Sarcina lutea, deoxyribonucleic acid,
c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422 heterogeneity of, 426 respiratory m e c h a n i s m of, 453 ribonucleic acid,
ribosomal, 431 soluble, 432
Scenedesmus acuminatum,
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422
Scenedesmus quadricauda,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
S e g r e g a t i o n ( s ) , anomalous, 235-236
data, m o d e l s for t r e a t m e n t of, 232-235 transformation and, 132
t w o linkage groups and, 231-232 Sequence h y p o t h e s i s , proteins and, 294 Serine,
cell walls and, 459
deoxyribonucleic acid c o m p o s i t i o n and, 434
tryptophan s y n t h e t a s e and, 269, 388 Serratia marcescens,
alkaline phosphatase, episomic, 437 conjugation in, 19
cross m a t i n g of, 12, 14 deoxyribonucleic acid,
c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422 h e t e r o g e n e i t y of, 426, 427 satellite, 425, 426 F-lac e l e m e n t s and, 182, 189 ribonucleic acid,
ribosomal, 431 soluble, 432 Sexduction,
c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n and, 298-299 genetic analysis and, 182-184 λ-prophage and, 207 Sex factor,
a t t a c h m e n t of, 10-11 bacteriophage τ and, 206
defective m u t a n t s of, 183-184, 186 e p i s o m e transfer and, 207 Fo-lac factor and, 204
host cell modifications and, 187-188
mutability-transfer factor and, 205-206 n u m b e r per cell, 183, 185
other bacterial s y s t e m s , 190
physical and chemical nature of, 188-190
resistance transfer factor and, 198, 2 0 8 -210
size of, 189-190 variants of, 181 Sex factor affinity locus,
intermediate donors and, 9-10 nature of, 179
resistance transfer factor and, 203 R factors and, 16, 22
Sexuality, s t r e p t o m y c e t e s and, 238-240, 249
Shear degradation, penetration and, 121
transforming activity and, 111 Shigella,
colicinogenic factors and, 191 cross m a t i n g of, 12, 14, 15, 37
deoxyribonucleic acid, base composi
tion of, 421 drug resistant, 15-16 Shigella dispar,
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422
Shigella dysenteriae, deoxyribonucleic acid,
c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422, 435 h e t e r o g e n e i t y of, 426
lactose genes, transduction and, 75 Shigella flexneri, cross m a t i n g of, 12 Shigella paradysenteriae,
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422
Shigella sonnei, cross m a t i n g of, 12
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422
Sickle cell anemia,
b o n e marrow cells, transformation of, 104
Southern bean mosaic virus,
ribonucleic acid, unbalanced c o m p o s i t i o n of, 428
Spheroplasts, conjugation of, 22
Spinach, satellite deoxyribonucleic acid of, 427
Spinllum, m e m b r a n e of, 454, 457
Spirillum linum,
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422
Spirillum serpens,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Spirochetes, axial filament of, 458 Spleen,
deoxyribonucleic acid, heterogeneity of, 426, 427
diesterase, m o n o n u c l e o t i d e s formed b y , 329
Spores,
s t r e p t o m y c e t e , formation of, 225 Sporocytophaga myxococcoides,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Sporogenic factor, nature of, 206 Sporulation,
analysis, transformation and, 142 c o m p e t e n c e and, 117
Staphylococcus, phage conversion in, 174 Staphylococcus pyogenes,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Streptococcus,
interspecific transformation of, 102 streptomycin resistant, 141 transformation of, 9 7 , 1 0 1 Streptococcus bovis,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Streptococcus cremoris,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Streptococcus jaecalis,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Streptococcus jaecium,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Streptococcus foetidus,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Streptococcus gnseus,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Streptococcus pyogenes,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Streptococcus sanguis,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Streptococcus viridans,
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422
Streptococcus zymogenes,
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422
Streptomyces,
balanced heterokaryosis in, 242-243 cytoplasmic inheritance in, 246 gene recombination in, 243-246
genetics, antibiotic production and, 246-248
interspecific recombination in, 245 l y s o g e n y of, 246
prototroph selection studies, 244-245 transformation in, 101
Streptomyces aureofaciens,
auxotrophic, antibiotic production b y , 247
interspecific recombination in, 245 m u t a n t , antibiotics and, 247 prototroph selection and, 244-245 transduction of, 245
Streptomyces coelicolor, genetic s y s t e m of, 237-242 interspecific recombination in, 245 Streptomyces coelicolor A 3 ( 2 )
linkage m a p of, 236-237, 249 conjugation of, 237-238 cultural characteristics of, 224 formal genetics of, 226-237 gene recombination in, 224-242
m i x e d cultures, selective analysis of, 226-228
m o r p h o l o g y of, 224-226 recombinant formation in, 242 sexuality in, 238-240
Streptomyces coelicolor I.S.S., gene re
c o m b i n a t i o n in, 243
Streptomyces fradiae, gene recombina
t i o n in, 243
Streptomyces griseojulvus, balanced heterokaryosis in, 243 gene recombination in, 243-244 Streptomyces griseus, conjugation in, 238 Streptomyces rimosus,
auxotrophic, antibiotic production by, 247-248
interspecific recombination in, 245 prototroph selection and, 244-245 Streptomyces scabies,
heterokaryosis in, 243, 246 hyphal fusion in, 225 S t r e p t o m y c e t e s ,
genetic p h e n o m e n a in, 242-246 genetic s y s t e m s , Eubacteria and, 2 4 8
-250
relationships of, 223 S t r e p t o m y c i n ,
conjugation and, 3 , 2 6 , 2 7 resistance,
m u t a t i o n rate and, 205 transfer of, 1 5 - 1 6 , 1 9 7 - 2 0 3
transformation of, 91, 99, 100, 128, 139,141
S t r e p t o m y c i n - m u t a b i l i t y , transfer of, 17 Strigomonas oncopelti,
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422
Subcritical inactivation, transforming ac
t i v i t y and, 109-110
Succinoxidase, bacterial m e m b r a n e s and, 453
Sulfathiazole, l y s o g e n y and, 171 Sulfonamide,
resistance, transmission of, 1516, 1 9 7 -203
transformation and, 91, 9 9 , 1 4 3 - 1 4 4 Superinfection i m m u n i t y ,
control of, 55 l y s o g e n y and, 162-167
"Super-suppressors", nature of, 411 Suppressors,
defective prophage and, 54, 6 6 - 6 8 definition of, 284
deletions and, 305-306 m o d e of action of, 284-285, 289 outside gene locus, 303-304 Surface,
c o m p o n e n t s , conjugation and, 20-23 Synchronization, c o m p e t e n c e and, 117,
119
Sy η trophy, m u t a n t s and, 259 Τ Temperature,
defective prophage and, 54
deoxyribonucleic acid helix and, 3 3 5 -336
T e m p l a t e ,
e v i d e n c e for c o p y i n g of, 344-345 ribonucleic acid synthesis and, 365 secondary structure of, 360-361
Testis, satellite deoxyribonucleic acid of, 425-428
Tetracyclines, m u t a n t s and, 247
resistance, transmission of, 15-16, 197—
203
Tetrahymena, a m i n o acid c o m p o s i t i o n and, 437
Tetrahymena patula,
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422
Tetrahymena pynjormis,
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 421, 422, 434
Tetrahymena rostrata,
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422
T e t r a z o l i u m , galactose m u t a n t s and, 263 Thalassiosira Νordenscheldii,
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422
T h e r m o p h i l y ,
analysis, transformation and, 142 T h i a m i n e , c o m p l e x gene loci and, 265 Thiocapsa, p h o t o s y n t h e t i c apparatus of,
456
Thiolactate, l y s o g e n y and, 171 Thiothrix, affinities of, 448 Threonine,
auxotrophs, linked loci and, 313 c o m p l e x gene loci and, 264
deoxyribonucleic acid c o m p o s i t i o n and, 434
synthesis, feed-back inhibition and, 404
tryptophan s y n t h e t a s e and, 388 L-Threonine deaminases, feed-back inhi
bition of, 404, 405
Threonine locus, arabinose locus and, 271 T h y m i d i n e ,
protonated form of, 330
tritiated c h r o m o s o m e replication and, 356
T h y m i n e , deprivation,
colicin production and, 196 l y s o g e n y and, 171
T h y m i n e —C ontinue d occurrence of, 329 replacement of, 114
tritiated, sex factors and, 189, 190 ultraviolet and, 11, 332
T h y m u s ,
deoxyribonucleic acid p o l y m e r a s e of, 344, 354, 361
deoxyribonucleic acid, transformation and, 123
ribonucleic acid, messenger, 432 satellite deoxyribonucleic acid in, 4 2 5
-427
Thyroxine, glutamic dehydrogenase and, 406
T i m e , c o m p e t e n c e and, 116-117 T o b a c c o mosaic virus,
a m i n o acid differences in, 383, 384 nitrous acid and, 287
nucleic acid,
protein formation and, 399 secondary structure of, 338 unbalanced composition of, 428 synthesis, code and, 437
T o m a t o bushy stunt virus,
ribonucleic acid, unbalanced composi
t i o n of, 428 T o x i n ,
production, phage and, 173, 174 Transduced fragments, uniformity of, 7 9
-80 Transduction,
abortive, 77-79
c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n and, 296-297 biochemical genetics and, 83 c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n tests and, 82 complex gene loci and, 258-262 discovery of, 49-50
e p i s o m e s and, 207-208
evolutionary implications of, 83-84 Fo-lac factor and, 204
general, 73-80
special transduction and, 73-75 general features of, 50
genetic material and, 2
high and low frequency, comparison of, 64-65
high frequency, 56-57 irradiation and, 80-81
low frequency, m e c h a n i s m of, 72-73 m e c h a n i s m of recombination, 70-72
m u t a t i o n m a p p i n g and, 81-82 nature of particle, 50-51, 58-60 nontransducing phage and, 62-64 recombination frequencies and, 281-282 reviews of, 84
specialized, features of, 55
general transduction and, 73-75 terms and symbols, 65
tryptophan sj^nthetase locus and, 2 6 8 -270
uses of, 81-83 Transformation, allogenic, 94-95
altered deoxyribonucleic acid and, 108-114
analysis of, 114-140 base analogs and, 114 characters concerned, 101
chemically treated nucleic acid and, 112-113
choice of s y s t e m , 97
c o m p e t e n c e , recipient and, 115-119 complex loci and, 271
definition of, 87-88
denatured deoxyribonucleic acid and, 108-109
deoxyribonucleic acid and, 88-90, 118 deoxyribonucleic acid preparation and,
98
discovery of, 89
dose-response curve of, 100
e n z y m e treated deoxyribonucleic acid and, 113-114
genetic linkage, marker size and m a p building, 127-130
helper phage and, 123
independent transmission of characters in, 91-92
inhibition, deoxyribonucleic acid and, 123-125
integration and recombination in, 127-138
interspecific, 102-103, 125-127 irradiation and, 111-112 loss of replaced s e g m e n t in, 93 natural occurrence of, 101-102 nonbacterial, 103-104 phage nucleic acid and, 61-62 phenotypic, 362-363
p h e n o t y p i c expression of, 139-140
present e x t e n t of, 100-104
protein fine structure analysis and, 1 4 3 -144
quantitative s t u d y of, 97-100 reciprocal, 90-91
recombination in, 41
renatured deoxyribonucleic acid and, 110
residual activity of denatured d e o x y ribonucleic acid, 110
reviews of, 88
ribonucleic acid and, 101 segregation and, 132 shear degradation and, 111 simultaneous, 92
species and, 100-101
subcritical inactivation and, 109-110 synapsis in, 125-127
test for allelism by, 93-94 t i m e course of, 98-99 transfer agent of, 2 uses of, 140-144
Transforming activity, synthesis of, 3 6 1 -363
Transforming agents, heteroallelic, 93-95 Translocations, m u t a t i o n s and, 292 Treponema pallidum,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Triose phosphate, t r y p t o p h a n synthetase and, 269
Triticum vulgare,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Tritium, deoxyribonucleic acid replica
tion a n d , 3 5 1 Trypanosoma lewisi,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Trypsin,
catalytic site of, 376 recombinant y i e l d and, 19 T r y p t o p h a n ,
auxotrophs,
complex gene loci and, 258-259, 264, 265, 273
linked loci and, 309-310, 312 chymotrypsin and, 376 synthesis, transduction of, 141
T r y p t o p h a n locus, cysteine locus and, 310 reversion of, 290 T r y p t o p h a n s y n t h e t a s e ,
altered levels of, 382
a m i n o acid differences in, 383, 384, 399 colinearity of, 385, 386
formation, regulation of, 401-402 genetic code and, 395-397 m u t a n t s , p h e n o t y p e s of, 283 m u t a t i o n a l alterations in, 379, 380 revertants, 388-389
suppressor m u t a t i o n s and, 410 T r y p t o p h a n synthetase gene,
code and, 307
coding ratio and, 307-308
cross-reacting material and, 302-303 m i n u t e colonies and, 297
recombination rate of, 280 reversions of, 302-303 size of, 281
transduction of, 268-270 Turnip y e l l o w virus,
ribonucleic acid, unbalanced c o m p o s i tion of, 428
Tyrosinase,
formation, regulation of, 402 heterokaryosis and, 243, 246 m u t a t i o n a l alterations in, 379 T y r o s i n e ,
c h y m o t r y p s i n and, 376
deoxyribonucleic acid composition and, 434
incorporation of, 396
t r y p t o p h a n synthetase and, 389 U
Ulothrix fimbriata,
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422
Ultraviolet,
colicin formation and, 196 conjugation and, 3
effect o n deoxyribonucleic acid, 111-112 fertility and, 8, 19
F°-lac factor and, 16, 204 integration and, 187 l y s o g e n y and, 171, 172
mutability-transfer factor and, 205 nucleic acid and, 332, 360
nucleic acid penetration and, 120
U l t r a v i o l e t —C o n t i n u e d prophage and, 53
recombination efficiency and, 37, 38, 40 resistance transfer factor and, 201 R factor transmission and, 16 transduction and, 80-81 Uracil, occurrence of, 329
Urea, deoxyribonucleic acid and, 113 Uridine, protonated form of, 330 Uridine diphosphate
galactose-4-epi-merase, c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n tests and, 298
Uridine diphosphate glucose-transferase, c o m p l e m e n t a t i o n tests and, 298 Uridine-diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase,
transformation and, 143
Uridine-diphosphoglucuronic acid epi
merase, transformation and, 143 V
Vaccinia virus,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Valine,
auxotrophs, antibiotic production and, 247
complex gene loci and, 264
deoxyribonucleic acid composition and, 434
threonine deaminase and, 405 tryptophan synthetase, 388 Veillonella parvula,
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422
Venus mercenana,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Versene, penetration and, 120 Vertebrates,
deoxyribonucleic acid, base composition of, 421, 422 heterogeneity of, 426 Viability, conjugation and, 27-28 Vibrio cholerae,
conjugation in, 18 cross m a t i n g of, 12
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422
drug resistance transmission in, 16
Vibrio comma, cross m a t i n g of, 12
resistance transfer factor and, 198 Vibno cuneatus,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Vibrio metschnikovii,
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422
Vibro percolans,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Vibno tryrogenes,
deoxyribonucleic acid, c o m p o s i t i o n of, 422
Virulence, phage conversion and, 174 Viruses,
c h r o m o s o m e s of, 339-342
deoxyribonucleic acid, base composi
t i o n of, 422 nature of, 447-448 transformation of, 103
W
Water, deoxyribonucleic acid helix and, 332, 334-335
Welchia perfnngens,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
X
Xanthomonas hederae,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Xanthomonas pelargoni,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Xanthomonas phaseoli,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
Xanthomonas pisi,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
X - r a y s , Streptomyces and, 243-244 X - r a y diffraction,
deoxyribonucleic acid and, 276, 278, 332-335
ribonucleic acid and, 338-339
Yeast,
deoxyribonucleic acid, composition of, 422
deoxyribonucleic acid reactivation b y , 360
ribonucleic acid, messenger, 432
soluble, 432
transformation and, 103 Y e a s t extract, c o m p e t e n c e and, 116
Z y g o t e ( s ) ,
partially diploid, 2, 4 persistence of, 36-37