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THE CREATION OF LAWS AND THE APPLICATION OF THEM IN THE LIVES OF THE ATTIC LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
The study deals with reforms and laws created in the late 6th Century BC Athens and the application of these laws in the 4th Century. It concludes that during the Cleisthenes political transformation the new laws about the council of five hundred and the demes delegating its members brought fundamental changes in the lives of the Athenians: basically they established the classical era democratic system of institutions. As a result of the defeats suffered in the Peloponnesian War in the 2nd half of the 5th Century the political decision-makers in Athens returned to the basis established by Cleisthenes and fulfilled the opportunities in the earlier laws by recreating them. This is why and how the Athenian political structure became a full democracy among the favourable historic circumstances of the 4th Century, where the council of five hundred could remain an effective instrument of democracy and through their delegates all settlements, demes, of the peninsula, thus all citizens of the Athenian society were represented in it. [Translated by the author]
Zoltán Nemes