Gyógypedagógiai Szemle 2016/3

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149

E R E D E T I K Ö Z L E M É N Y E K

ELTE Bárczi Gusztáv Gyógypedagógiai Kar, Atipikus Viselkedés és Kogníció Gyógypeda- gógiai Intézet

Pest Megyei Pedagógiai Szakszolgálat Gödöllői Tagintézménye

Enyhén értelmi fogyatékos gyermekeket integráló „jó” és „rossz” közösségek

összehasonlítása

HERBAINÉ SZEKERES ERIKA – SZEKERES ÁGOTA szekereseri@gmail.com, szekeres.agota@barczi.elte.hu

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Absztrakt

Tanulmányunkban az enyhén értelmi fogyatékos gyermekeket integráló, szociometriai mutatóik alapján “jó” és “rossz” közös- ségnek számító osztályok (24 osztály) összehasonlító elemzésével a szociális integrációt elősegítő, illetve nehezítő feltételek, csoportszerkezeti sajátosságok megragadására törekedtünk.

Az eredményekből kiderült, hogy az integrált gyermekek beilleszkedése általában sikeresnek mondható, társas pozíciójuk – különösen 4. osztályban – nem mutat eltérést a többségi gyermekekéhez képest. Megállapítható továbbá, hogy az alacso- nyabb osztálylétszám nem garancia a kapcsolatok alakulására, nem biztosít hatékonyabb integrálódást. Végül a vizsgált osztá- lyok szociogramjainak szerkezete egyértelművé tette a „jó” és „rossz” közösségek közti különbségeket: jól látható, egymástól jelentősen eltérő szerkezeti struktúrák jellemzik őket.

Kulcsszavak: szociometria, integráció, enyhe értelmi fogyatékosság, közösségek

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1. Bevezetés

Napjaink egyik legfontosabb megoldandó feladatai közé tartozik a marginális helyzet- ben lévő csoportok társadalmi integrációja. Ennek segítését már fiatal gyermekkorban, az intézményes nevelés elején el kell kezdeni. Minél korábban tapasztalja meg ugyanis egy kisgyermek a világ sokszínűségét, minél korábban kerül kapcsolatba eltérő fejlődé- sű, és lehetőségekkel rendelkező társakkal, annál természetesebben fog felnőttkorában nyitni feléjük (FISCHER 2009).

1 A kutatást a Bolyai János Kutatói Ösztöndíj támogatta.

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