Subject Index
A Aberrations, genetic, 161-185
nutritional, 150-151
Abraxas grossulariata, cytoplasmic poly
hedroses of, 478
nuclear polyhedrosis of, 448 A car apis, 17
Acarapis woodi, 309
Acarina, vectors of vertebrate pathogens, 251-272
Acaromyces, 17 Acer saccharum, 357
Acetic acid, effect on insects, 107, 347 Achetus domesticus, chemical injury of,
83, 87, 95 Achroia grisella, 219
Acquired immunity, active, 287-292 passive, 292-293
Actias selene, 478 Acyrthosiphon pisum, 148 Adalia bipunctata, 182
Adipose tissue, physiopathology of infec
tion in, 315-316
Aedes aegypti, chemical injuries of, 69, 76, 111, 113
nutritional diseases of, 137, 141, 145-146 resistance to malarial parasite, 275-276 rickettsiae associated with, 598, 603 ultrasonic tolerance of, 41
vector of vertebrate pathogens, 252, 263, 265
Aedes polynesiensis, 266 Aedes solid tans, 86 Aedes taeniorhynchus, 266 Aerobacter, 14, 306
in double infections, 363, 370 Aerobacter scolyti, 354 Aesculus, 346, 347
African migratory locust, see Locust a mi- gratoria migratorioides
Agalliopsis novella, 252 Agglutination, 284, 445, 581-582 Aglais urticae, cross infections of, 394-395
cytoplasmic polyhedrosis of, 478 nuclear polyhedrosis of, 449
Agria affinis, 138, 139, 147
Agriotes obscurus, experimental infection of with TIV, 482
Agrochola lychnidis, 478 Agrotis orthogonia, 145, 147
Agrotis segetum, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis of, 478
granulosis of, 448-550, 532, 557-559 nuclear polyhedrosis of, 449
synergism between polyhedrosis and nosemosis, 366
Agrotis subterranea, granulosis of, 546, 561
Air pressure, 32-36 Aldrin, 88
Aletia oxygala luteopallens, 449 Alfalfa caterpillar, see Colias eurytheme Alimentation, physiopathology of, 307-308 Allatectomy, 204
Alio der many ssus sanguineus, 596, 601 Amathes glareosa, 478
Amblyomma americanum, 596 Amblyomma cajennense, 596 Amblyomma hebraeum, 596 Amblyomma maculatum, 596 Amblyomma variegatum, 596
Amelia pallor ana, granulosis of, 548, 561, 564
American cockroach, see Periplaneta americana
American foulbrood, see Bacillus larvae Amino acids, effects of deficiencies of, 136-
137
in insect viruses, 441-442 in polyhedra, 437
Amphimallon majalis, 353, 604 Amphimallon solstitialis, 605 Anabasine, toxic effects of, 92
Anagasta kühniella, chemical injuries of, 70-72, 112-113, 116
effect of Bacillus thuringiensis on, 359 genetic diseases of, 163, 170
nutritional disorder of, 144 Anaitis plagiata, 478 Anchosceli helvola, 478 638
SUBJECT INDEX 639 Anisoplia austriaca, 19
Anobium, nutritional diseases of, 137, 145-146
radiation sensitivity of, 44 Anomala orientalis, 137, 145, 146 Anopheles atropalpus, 598 Anopheles freeborni, 264 Anopheles gambiae, 359, 367 Anopheles maculipennis, 138, 263 Anopheles maculipennis atroparvus, 262 Anopheles quadrimaculatus, chemical in
juries of, 74, 78, 88, 94, 105-106 mortality of associated with vertebrate
pathogen, 262-264, 266 rickettsiella-like organism of, 603 Anthelia hyperborea, 448 Antheraea, 308, 310 Antheraea eucalypti, 393
Antheraea mylitta, cytoplasmic polyhe
drosis of, 467-470, 478, 484
Antheraea pernyi, Aspergillus flavus-in- fected wound on, 352
cytoplasmic polyhedrosis of, 459-460, 462-463, 465-466, 468, 470-471, 478 double virus infection of, 369
induced virus infections of, 519 interrelation of diseases and nutrition
of, 356-357
nuclear polyhedrosis of, 394, 395, 400, 417, 442, 449
physiopathology of respiration with vi
rus infection of, 309 shortworm disease of, 360
Antheraea polyphemus, cytoplasmic poly
hedrosis of, 478
nuclear polyhedrosis of, 449 Antheraea yamamai, 394
Antibodies, 277-278, 281-286, 444-445 Antibody formation, lysis and complement
fixation, 285-286 and phagocytosis, 285 precipitation, 284-285 toxin-antitoxin reaction, 285 types of, 284
Anticholinesterases, carbamate insecti
cides, 100-102
organophosphorus insecticides, 94-100 Antitype xanthomista, 478
Ants, cultivation of microorganisms by, 221
Α nur aphis, 107
Aonidiella aurantii, 108 Apanteles glomeratus, 565 Apanteles harrisinae, 565 Aphis, 107
Aphis craccivora, 50
Apis mellifera, chemical injuries of, 73, 77, 79, 81, 92, 96, 98, 100, 113, 322
"forest disease" of, 369
foulbrood control and treatment in, 14 genetic diseases of, 162, 167, 170, 172,
180
noninclusion virus of, 493
nutritional diseases of, 136-137, 144, 346-347, 358
physiopathology and histochemistry of, 303-304, 316-317, 323, 345
protozoan infections of, 343, 350, 358, 359, 364
suppression of diseases of, 13-17 Aporia crataegi, 362
cytoplasmic polyhedrosis of, 478 nuclear polyhedrosis of, 438, 449 physiological disturbance of due to
Nosema, 362
Apotettix eurycephalus, 183
Archips fumiferana, see Choristoneura fumiferana
Arctia, 310
Arctia caja, alimentation, physiopathol
ogy of, 307-308
cytoplasmic polyhedrosis of, 458, 468, 470, 476, 478
interrelation of two diseases of, 356, 362 nuclear polyhedrosis of, 448
viral cross infections of, 394 Arctia villica, 458, 478 Ar dices glatignyi, 448 Ar gas persicus, 607, 608
Ar gas reflexus, experimental rickettsioses of, 598
mortality of associated with vertebrate pathogens, 258, 267
Arge pectoralis, 449
Argynnis dia, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis of, 474-475, 478
Argyrotaenia velutinana, granulosis of, 545-546, 561, 565-567
Armyworm, see Pseudaletia unipuncta Arsenicals, 102-106
Aspergillus, 227, 301, 352-353, 365, 370 Aspergillus flavus, effect on insect circula
tory system of, 314
extracellular lipase and chitinase pro
duced by, 301
infection of via tracheae, 303, 309 neurotoxin of, 317
physiopathology and histochemistry of, 320-322
reduced resistance to, 302
wound infection of Antheraea pernyi larvae by, 352
Aspergillus ochraceus, 304 Aspergillus tamarii, 353 Aspidiotus perniciosus, 108
Autographa californica, double virus in
fection of, 396 granulosis of, 548, 564 nuclear polyhedrosis of, 449 Automeris memusae, 478 Axenic culture, 220-221
Axonic poisons, benzene derivatives, 72- 73
DDT and relatives, 73-81 pyrethroids, 81-85 veratrine alkaloids, 85-86
Β Babesia, 264
Babesia argentina, 264 Babesia bigemina, 264 Babesia caballi, 264 Bacillus, 307, 308, 315, 365 Bacillus alesti, 364 Bacillus anthracis, 293 Bacillus apisepticus, 303 Bacillus cereus, 304-305, 344 Bacillus cereus alesti, 349
Bacillus cereus-Bacillus thuringiensis group, 15
Bacillus circulans, 218
Bacillus danysz, see Salmonella enteritidis Bacillus fribourgensis, 311-312, 315 Bacillus larvae, 14-15, 276, 284, 356
physiopathology associated with infec
tion of, 317, 323-324 Bacillus lentimorbus, 310, 369 Bacillus megaterium, 353 Bacillus mycoides, 306, 356 Bacillus poncei, 284, 286
Bacillus popilliae, 311, 314, 322, 369, 370 Bacillus sphingidis, 343
Bacillus sub tilts, 286
Bacillus thuringiensis, 364, 369, 370 historical aspects of, 19
interrelations with other microorgan
isms of, 364, 369-370 proposed resistance to, 275 relation to toxicology of, 65
relationship of infection with varying temperature of, 349
toxic crystals of, 305, 307, 314, 344 Bacillus thuringiensis alesti, see Bacillus
cereus alesti
Bacillus thuringiensis var. alesti, 359-360, 364
Bacteria, see under specific names Bacterial disease, as predisposing cause of
other microbial diseases, 364-365 as type of disease, 9
immunity to, 274-295
physiopathology and histochemistry of, 322-324
suppression of, 12-15 Bacterium paracoli, 353, 362
Barrathra brassicae, cross infectivity of, 395
induced virus infections of, 506 Mucor hiemalis pathogenic for, 353 physiopathology of, 319
Bdellonyssus bacoti, 596, 601, 609
Beauveria bassiana, chemical control of, 16
historical aspect of, 18, 340
increased mortality of in association with contact insecticide, 348 physiopathology associated with infec
tion of, 301, 303, 311, 317-318, 320- 321
Beauveria globulifera, 351 Bed bug, see Cimex lectularius Beet webworm, see Loxostege sticticalis Beetles, cultivation of microorganisms by,
221-222
Behavior, physiopathology of, 317-320 Benzene derivations, chlorobenzene, 72
naphthalene, 72
o-dichlorobenzene (ODB), 72 p-dichlorobenzene (PDB), 72 Bergoldia, 568
SUBJECT INDEX 6 4 1
Bergoldiavirus, 316, 327, 580, 585
physiopathology and histochemistry of, 328
Bergoldiavirus brassicae, 547 Bergoldiavirus calyptum, 547, 568 Bergoldiavirus clistorhabdion, 547 Bergoldiavirus daboium, 547 Bergoldiavirus kovachevici, 547 Bergoldiavirus latheticum, 547 Bergoldiavirus nosodes, 547 Bergoldiavirus thompsonium, 547 Bergoldiavirus virulentum, 547 Betula alba, 357
BHC, 86-88
Bibio marci, experimental infection of with TIV, 482, 487
Bioassay, for rickettsiae and rickettsioses, 582-583
Biological control, relation of to insect pathology, 8-9
Birdiavirus, 326, 327
physiopathology and histochemistry of, 328-331
Biston betularia, 478 Blabera, 114
Blabera fusca, 89, 91, 356 Blaberus, 229
Blaberus craniifer, 225
Black blow fly, see Phormia regina Blatta, 108
Blatta orientalis, chemical injuries of, 70, 90, 93, 103, 106-107
mechanical injury of, 351
Blattella germanica, chemical injuries of, 74, 82, 85-90, 93, 96, 107, 110, 112-114 microorganisms associated with, 220,
229
nutritional diseases of, 137, 139, 141, 143, 146
Blepharida rhois, 241 Blissus leucopterus, 351
Bloodsucking bug, see Rhodnius prolixus Body louse, see Pediculus humanus hu
manus
Bollworm, see Heliothis zea Bombyx, 308, 309, 312, 396, 506
Bombyx mori, chemical injuries of, 69, 96, 110
cytoplasmic polyhedroses of, 459, 461, 466, 472-473, 475, 479, 492
experimental infection of with TIV, 482 genetic diseases of, 162, 167, 169-170,
172-173, 175-179 immunity in, 277, 288
induced virus infections of, 500-505, 507, 510-512, 514, 516, 519, 521, 524- 525
intestinal flora of, 220, 226
nuclear polyhedrosis of, 12, 414, 417, 419- 420, 423, 427-430, 432-441, 443-446, 448
nuclear polyhedrosis, nature of infec
tion of, 382, 386, 394-395, 397-399, 400
nutritional diseases of, 140, 145, 147 physiopathology and histochemistry of,
302, 306-307, 309, 311, 326, 329, 330, 331
predispositions and interrelations in in
sect diseases of, 344, 346-347, 349- 354, 357, 359-362, 366, 368-369 suppression of diseases of, 12-16 Boophilus decoloratus, 596 Boophilus microplus, 264 Borrelia duttonii, 259 Borrelia persica, 259 Borrelia recurrentis, 259 Borrelina, 447, 567 Borrelina bombycis, 447
Borrelinavirus, 305, 309, 316, 326, 327, 447, 604
Borrelinavirus bombycis, 447
physiopathology and histochemistry of, 328-331
Bovicola caprae, 603 Bovicola equi, 603
Bracon hebetor, effect of starvation on, 144, 146
genetic diseases of, 163, 167, 175-176 venom effect of, 116
Brimstone butterfly, see Gonepteryx rhamni
Brucella abortus, 277 Brucella melitensis, 277 Brugia malayi, 266
Buckeye caterpillar, see Junonia coenia Buff tip moth, see Phalera bucephala Bupalus piniarius, 363
cytoplasmic polyhedrosis of, 473, 478 Butoxythiocyanodiethyl ether, see Lethane
C
Cabbage looper, see Trichoplusia ni Cacoecia murinana, 363, 366, 396, 449 Cadelle, see Tenebroides mauritanicus California green lacewing, see Chrysopa
californica
California oakworm, see Phryganidia cali
fornica
Calliphora, chemical injury of, 113 radiation resistance of, 45
Calliphora erythrocephala, chemical in
juries of, 77-78, 86, 88, 98, 112 Calliphora vomitoria, experimental infec
tion of with TIV, 482 Calliptamus italicus, 103, 105
Callitroga americana, see Callitroga homi- novorax
Callitroga hominovorax, irradiation of, 48 Callosamia promethea, 519
Calophasia lunula, 468, 478
Camptochironomus tentans, 548, 606 Capric acid, 107
Capsula-virus, 568 Capsulatus, 568
Carausius, induced tumors of, 204 Carbamate insecticides, 100-102
Carbohydrates, requirements and de
ficiency of, 138
Carbon dioxide, sensitivity of Drosophila to, 492
Carbon disulfide, 69-70 Carbon tetrachloride, 69-70 Carcinogens, 201, 524 Carcinus, 114 Caripeta divisata, 448
Carpocapsa pomonella, 105, 107, 344 Celerio lineata, 90
Cellular immunity, 278-281 Cephaleia abietis, 303, 309 Ceratitis capitata, 353 Cerura hermelina, 449 Cerura vinula, 472, 478 Cetonia aurata, 605
Chaoborus astictopus, chemical injuries of, 82-83, 114
Chariesterus cuspidatus, 261 Chemical injuries, 65-131 Chemotherapy, 12-17, 589-590 Chilo simplex, 302
Chlordane, injuries caused by, 88-89
Chloretone, see trichloro-t-butyl ketone Chloroform, 67-69
Chloropicrin, 111 Cholesterol, 139-140
Choristoneura fumiferana, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis of, 460, 472
double virus infections of, 363, 368 granulosis of, 541-543, 546, 552-553, 559-
560
induced virus infections of, 503 nuclear polyhedrosis of, nature of, 430,
439-440, 449
nuclear polyhedrosis, nature of infec
tion of, 383, 394, 396-397, 399-400 Choristoneura murinana, granulosis of,
328, 532, 535-538, 542-543, 545-546, 551-555, 557, 559-560, 564
Choristoneura pinus, 394 Chorizagrotis auxiliaris, 396, 548 Chortophaga viridifasciata, 146 Chrysopa californica, 138 Chrysopa perla, 477 Chrysops silacea, 266 Cimex, 607
Cimex lectularius, chemical injuries of, 82-83, 87
rickettsiae of, 607, 608
vertebrate pathogens pathogenic for, 256-257, 261
Circulatory system, physiopathology of, 310-314
Citrus red mite, see Panonychus citri Cloaca cloacae var. acridiorum, 318 Coccobacillus acridiorum, 19 Coccus pseudomagnoliarum, 111 Cochylis, 83
Codling moth, see Carpocapsa pomonella Cold, as cause of physical injury, 36-39
as stressor, 504-506 Colias, 12, 349, 354, 473, 502
Colias eurytheme, cytoplasmic polyhedro
sis of, 327 granulosis of, 544
induced bacteremia of, 347, 350 induced virus infections of, 503, 507 nuclear polyhedrosis of, nature of, 437,
439, 444-445, 449
nuclear polyhedrosis, nature of infec
tion of, 383, 386, 394-395 Colias lesbia, 394, 449
SUBJECT INDEX 643
Colias philodice, 169 Colladonus montanus, 253
Color, 466, 479, 481, 490-492, 533, 604 Colorado potato beetle, see Leptinotarsa
decemlineata
Comma butterfly, see Polygonia c-album Complement fixation, 285-286
Confused flour beetle, see Tribolium confusum
Coptosoma scutellatum, 236 Corcyra cephalonica, 141, 143 Cordyceps, 20
Cordyceps militaris, 301, 321 Cordyceps myrmecophila, 318 Corethra plumicornis, 82-84 Cowdria, 583, 601
Cowdria ruminantium, 590
Coxiella, 579, 582, 585, 586, 589, 591, 597, 599, 600
Coxiella burnetii, 581, 585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 592, 593, 596-597, 600, 601, 610
Crane fly, see Tipula paludosa Crocallis elinguaria, 478
Cross infectivity, of granuloses, 560 of nuclear-polyhedrosis viruses, 394-396 Cross transmission, of cytoplasmic poly
hedroses, 475-477
Crowding, as related to induction of virus infections, 368, 502, 562
as stressor in microbial infections, 368 Cryptothelia junodi, 449
Ctenicera aeripennis, 220 Ctenocephalides felis, 266, 267, 607 Ctenolepisma, 219
Cudrania triloba, 357 Culex, 607
Culex autogenicus sternopallidus, 264 Culex fatigans, 262, 603
Culex molestus, 598, 603
Culex pipiens pipiens, chemical injuries of, 67-69, 93
genetic diseases of, 163, 173, 179 Plasmodium pathogenic to, 263 vector of Japanese Β encephalitis, 252 Wolbachia pipientis of, 607
Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, 87 Culex quinquefasciatus, 262, 603 Culicoides nubeculosus, 265 Cyclodiene derivatives, 87-90
Cyclopropane, 70
Cycnia mendica, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis of, 478
nuclear polyhedrosis of, 448
Cytogenetic terminology, definitions of, 163-164
Cytology, of rickettsiae, 583-587
Cytoplasmic polyhedroses, cross transmis
sion of, 475-477 host list, 477-479
inclusion bodies, morphology and na
ture of, 459-464 induction of, 499-526
latency and hereditary transmission of, 472-475
pathology of, 464-466
virus particles of, morphology of, 466- 470
virus particles of, ultrastructure of, 470-472
Cytoplasmic virus diseases, 457-497 noninclusion types, 492-493 polyhedroses, 457-459
Tipula iridescent virus, 479-492 D
Dacus dorsalis, 102
Dahlbominus fuscipennis, 37, 39 Danaus chrysippus, 183
Danaus chrysippus dorippus, 183 Daphnia, 278
Dasychira pudibunda, 478 DDT and relatives, 73-81 Definitions, aberration, 165
biological control, 8, 566 capsules, 532
developmental membrane, 540 disease, 2-7
genes, 161
genetic and cytological terminology, 163-164
genetic disease, 165 genetic malformations, 165 granules, 532
granulosis, 532 gross pathology, 134 healthy insect, 216 histopathological, 134 imbalance, 134 incitance, 500
insect pathology, 1-2 intimate membrane, 540 invasiveness, 237 latent infection, 500 latent period, 386 latent virus, 500 lethal factors, 165-166 mutant, 162
nutritional disease, 134 nutritional requirements, 134 occult virus, 500
phenes, 162 polyhedra, 414 polyhedroses, 458 polyhedrosis virus, 414 propolyhedra, 383 pseudotumor, 193 stress, 500 stressor, 500 symbiosis, 229-230 symptoms, 134 syncytial tumor, 193 syndrome, 4-5 tumors, 191-192
Deilephila euphorbiae, 395 Delphacodes pellucida, 253 Deltocephalus dorsalis, 253
Dendrolimus pint, chemical injuries of, 94-95, 109, 112
viral cross infections of, 394 Dendrolimus Sibiriens, 548 Denervation, 50-51 Dermacentor, 41, 600
Dermacentor andersoni, 254, 580, 596, 600- 601, 607, 610
Dermacentor marginatus, 596, 600, 601 Dermacentor nutalli, 596
Dermacentor occidentalis, 596 Dermacentor pictus, 596 Dermacentor silvarum, 256, 596 Dermacentor variabilis, 257, 596, 601 Dermacentroxenus, 578, 582, 595, 597, 599-
601
Dermacentroxenus akari, 596, 600, 601 Dermacentroxenus australis, 596, 600 Dermacentroxenus conorii, 596, 600 Dermacentroxenus rickettsii, 580, 581,
583, 588, 592, 596, 600, 610-611 Dermacentroxenus sibericus, 596, 600 Dermanyssus gallinae, 261
Dermestes maculatus, 140 Dermestes vulpinus, 140
Desert locust, see Schistocerca gregaria DFP, 94, 96
Diagnosis, for rickettsiae and rickettsioses, 578-583
of granulosis virus, 532-536
Diamondback moth, see Plutella maculi
pennis
Diataraxia oleracea, chemical injury of, 113
cytoplasmic polyhedrosis of, 478 Dictyoploca japonica, 394, 449 Dieldrin, injuries caused by, 87-89 Dilina tiliae, 478
Dimetan, 100
Dinitro compounds, 112-114
Diprion hercyniae, induced virus infec
tions of, 510, 522
nuclear polyhedrosis of, nature of, 329, 422, 449
nuclear polyhedrosis, nature of infec
tion of, 344, 384-385, 397, 399-400 Diprion pallida, 449
Diprion pint, 449 Diprion polytoma, 449 Dipylidium caninum, 266, 267 Dira megera, 478
Dirofilaria immitis, 265 Dir ο filar ia re pens, 264 Dirofilaria tenuis, 266
Disease, challenge and future of, 21-23 definitions of, 4-5
historical aspects of, 340-342 infectious, concept of, 2-7 interrelations of, 339-379 noninfectious, categories of, 6, 9 predispositions of, 339-379 suppression of in insects, 10-18 (see also under specific types and causa
tive agents)
DNA, 52, 327-330, 400, 438, 441, 442, 443, 470, 472, 492, 521, 542
Double infection, see simultaneous diseases
Drepana lacertinaria, 479
Drosophila, carbon dioxide sensitivity of, 492
induced virus infections of, 523-524 physical injuries of, 31, 42, 44-46
S U B J E C T INDEX 645 physiopathology of, 311-312
sex ratio determined by spirochetes of, 236
tumors of, 192-203 Drosophila funebris, 176
Drosophila melanogaster, chemical in
juries of, 88-89, 98, 108, 111, 113 genetic diseases and aberrations of, 162,
169-170, 172-175, 177-182
nutritional diseases of, 137-138, 140-141, 143, 147, 149, 152
physical injuries of, 34, 52 sigma virus of, 390
Drosophila pseudoobscura, 167, 168 Drosophila simulans, 167
Drosophila subobscura, 171, 173
Drosophila virilis, chemical injuries of, 67, 74-76
tissue transplants in, 52 Dysdercus fasciatus, 96, 113 Dytiscus marginalis, 76, 77, 87, 95
Ε
Echinolaelaps echidninus, 264 Ecpantheria icasia, 448
Ectoparasites, tumors caused by, 193 Ehrlichia, 601
Ehrlichia cants, 602
Electric fields, effect of, 42-44 Ellopia somniaria, 448 Empoasca fabae, 107 Empusa, 20, 316 Empusa muscae, 301
Enchainment, 356, 358, 370
Endoparasites, tumors caused by, 192 Ennomos quercinaria, 448
Enterella, 579, 591, 602, 603, 609 Entere IIa culicis, 603
Enterella stethorae, 603
(see also Rickettsiella stethorae) Enterobryus attenuatus, 222 Enterococcus, 306, 364
(see also Streptococcus) Enterococcus liquefaciens, 307
(see also Streptococcus bombycis) Enypia venata, 448
Ephestia kühniella, see Anagasta kühni
ella
Ephestia cautella, cytoplasmic polyhedro
sis of, 479
nuclear polyhedrosis of, 449 Epicometis squalida, 605
Epizootiology, of granuloses, 563-566 of rickettsiae and rickettsioses, 608-611 Erannis Vancouverensis, 448
Eriogaster lanestris, 479
Escherichia coli, 218, 220, 239, 277, 279, 286, 288, 490
Escherichia kleb siellae for mis, 354 Estigmene acrea, chemical injuries of, 100
cytoplasmic polyhedroses of, 459, 466, 478
double virus infections of, 396 granulosis of, 546, 561
Ether, 67-69, 347, 432, 511, 541, 562, 589 Ethylene dichloride, 69-70
Ethylene oxide, 111 Euchloe cardamines, 478
Eucosma griseana, granulosis of, 401, 533, 545-546, 548, 552, 557-558, 561, 563- 564, 566
resistance to virus infection of, 399 Eulype hastata, 546, 564
Euphorbia hypericifolia, 261 Euphorbia pilulifera, 261 Eupithecia longipalpata, 448 Euplexia leucipara, 548
Euproctis chrysorrhoea, cytoplasmic poly
hedrosis of, 478
double protozoan infection of, 366 nuclear polyhedrosis associated with
chemical injury of, 347 nuclear polyhedrosis of, 448 Euproctis flava, 395, 448 Euproctis pseudoconspersa, 448
European cabbage butterfly, see Pieris brassicae
European corn borer, see Pyrausta nubilalis European foulbrood, 14-15
European pine sawfly, see Neodiprion sertifer
European red mite, see Panonychus ulmi Eurosta, 39
Euxoa, 351
Euxoa ochrogaster, 546
Euxoa segetum, chemical injuries of, 102, 105
double infections of, 367-368, 370, 396 nuclear polyhedrosis of, nature of, 444,
449
Evolution of symbiosis, 230-231 Excretion, physiopathology of, 316-317 Excretory disorders, predisposing cause of
microbial diseases, 355 Exit microbes, 363, 369, 371
F
Fall webworm, see Hyphantria cunea Fatty acids, 107
Filarial nematodes, as pathogens to ar
thropod vectors, 265-266
Firebrat, see Thermobia domestica Fir-shoot roller, see Choristoneura muri
nana
Flacherie, 311, 341, 348, 356, 366, 492, 505, 513
Fluorine compounds, as insecticides, 106- 107
Forest tent caterpillar, see Malacosoma disstria
Fungus diseases, see Mycoses Fusarium, 352, 365
Fusarium coeruleum, 353 G
Galleria, 349-350, 354, 369, 396, 398, 402 Galleria mellonella, ability to hydrolyze
wax, 219-220 anoxia of, 309
chemical injuries of, 73-74, 81-82, 94, 107, 113-116
experimental infection of with TIV, 482 immunity in, 279-280, 285, 287-289, 291,
398, 402
nuclear polyhedrosis of, 448 nutritional disturbance of, 357 Serratia infection of, 347
simultaneous infection of with two bac
teria, 364 starvation of, 145
traumata and infection of, 353 virus cross-infection of, 395-396 Galumna, 266
Ganglionic poisons, 86-102 Gastropacha quercifolia, 479 Geisha distinctissima, 253
Genetic diseases (and genetic pathologies), 161-189
classification of, 165-166 definition of, 165
general terms and symbols of, 163-164
harmless aberrations, 169-170 in field populations, 181-184 in laboratory populations, 184 lethal factors in, 174-181 malformations, 170-171 pathology of, 165-181
selected examples, significance of, 166- 167
sterility factors of, 171-173 subvital factors of, 173-174 terminology of, 165-166 viability, spectrum of, 168-169 Genetic terminology, definitions of, 163-
164 Gerbillus, 610
German cockroach, see Blattella germanica Gilpinia hercyniae, tumors of, 192
Glossina, 260
Glossina morsitans, 146 Gnorimoschema, 14
Gonepteryx rhamni, cytoplasmic polyhe
drosis of, 476-478
experimental infection of with TIV, 482, 483
Granary weevil, see Sitophilus granarius Granuloses, 531-575
chemical composition of capsules and viruses, 541-543
cross infectivity of, 560
cyto- and histopathology of, 550-555 diagnosis of, 532-536
effect of storage and temperatures on the infectivity of, 544-545
epizootiology of, 563-565 historical aspects of, 531-532 histopathology data, 546-547, 550-555 host species and tissues affected in, 545-
550
induction of, 501-526
interrelations with other diseases, 363- 364, 367-368
isolation and purification of, 536-537 latency and stress associated with, 560-
563
mixed infections, interference and syn
ergism of, 558-559
morphology and size of capsules and viruses of, 537-541
natural and applied control of pests by, 563-567
SUBJECT INDEX 647 pathology of, 545-563
physical properties and chemical com
position of capsules and viruses of, 541-543
physiopathology and histochemistry of, 328
serological properties of capsule pro
teins and viruses of, 543-544 size of capsules and viruses, 546-547 susceptibility and resistance to, 556-557 taxonomy of, 567-568
tissues affected, 546
transmission of by insect parasites, 565 Granulosis viruses, see granuloses Gravity, as related to injury, 30-31
Greater wax moth, see Galleria mellonella Greenbottle fly, see Phaenicia sericata Green-striped grasshopper, see Chorto-
phaga viridifasciata
Gypsy moth, see Porthetria dispar Η
Habrobracon, 44, 46, 74, 115
Habrobracon juglandis, see Bracon heb- etor
Habronema megastoma, 266 Habronema muscae, 266 Hada nana, 478
Haemaphysalis concinna, 596 Haemaphysalis humerosa, 597, 610 Haemaphysalis leachi, 596, 597
Haemaphysalis leporispalustris, 596, 597, 601
Haemaphysalis punctata, 596 Haemogregarina, 264
Haemogregarina mauritanica, 264 Halisidota argen tat a, 448
Harrisina brillians, granulosis of, 533, 546, 548, 550, 561, 564-566
Healing, biochemical changes associated with, 51-52
Heat as cause of physical injury, 36-39 as stressor, 501, 506-507
Heliophobus albicolon, 478 Heliothis armigera, 449, 478
(see also Heliothis zea) Heliothis virescens, 449
Heliothis zea, chemical injuries of, 73, 78, 88-89, 103, 110
induced virus infections of, 506-507 nuclear polyhedrosis of, 449
susceptibility of to nuclear polyhedrosis, 397
Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis, 87 Hellula undalis, 395
Helminths, as pathogens to arthropod vectors, 265-267
Hemerocampa leucostigma, 448, 519 Hemerobius stigma, 462, 477
Hemocytes, 50-51, 191, 208-209, 352, 363, 605
in cellular immunity, 278-281 physiopathology of, 314-315 Hemorrhage, 50, 352
Hepatozoon muris, 264 Hepatozoon perniciosum, 264 Hepialus humuli, 482 Hepialus lupulinus, 482 H E T P , 94
Hibernia defoliaria, 448
Hide beetle, see Dermestes maculatus Hippobosca capensis, 603
Hippobosca equina, 603 Hippodamia convergens, 108, 111 Histochemistry, 299-338
Historical aspects of insect pathology, 18- 21
Honey bee, see Apis mellifera House fly, see Musca domestica Humidity and air currents, as related to
induction of virus infections, 501-502 Humoral immunity, antibody formation
in, 281-286 definition of, 282 Hyalomma, 610
Hyalomma aegypticum, 596 Hyalomma detriticum, 597 Hyalomma dromedarii, 597 Hyalomma excavatum, 597 Hyalomma lusitanicum, 597 Hyalomma plumbeum, 264 Hyalomma savignyi, 597 Hyalomma syriacum, 264
Hyalophora cecropia, chemical injuries of, 109, 111, 114
Hydrogen cyanide, 108-109 Hylemya antiqua, 217 Hyloicus pinastri, 464, 475, 478
Hyphantria, 308
Hyphantria cunea, bacteriosis of, 356 cytoplasmic polyhedrosis of, 478 granulosis of, 533, 545-546, 558, 562-564 induced virus infections of, 502, 506,
510
microsporidiosis of, 307
nuclear polyhedrosis of, 347, 397, 448 simultaneous virus infections of, 368 virus cross infection of, 395 Hypocrita, 16
Hypocrita Jacobaeae, cytoplasmic polyhe
drosis of, 478
nuclear polyhedrosis of, 448 Hypolimnas inaria, 183 Hypolimnas misippus, 183 Hyponomeuta padella, 347
I
Iguana iguana rhinolopha, 263 Immunity, acquired, 287-293
cellular, 278-281 humoral, 281-286 in insects, 273-297 natural or innate, 274-278 research, trends in, 293-295
Immunofluorescence, for rickettsial diag
nosis, 580-581
Imported cabbageworm, see Pieris rapae Inazuma dorsalis, 253
Incitance, 500
Induction of virus infections, 401, 499-530 by chemical agents, 508-511
by crowding, 368, 502, 562
by humidity and air currents, 501-502 by starvation and nature of food, 502-
503
by temperature, 501, 504-507
by ultraviolet light and X rays, 351, 401, 507-508
factors controlling occurrence of infec
tions under natural conditions, 500- 503
genetic factors that control, 511-515 in different stages of insects, 515-517 in lysogenic bacteria, 523-524 mechanisms of, 519-524
physiological conditions that control, 515-519
related to nutrition, 517-519
Infections
(see under specific types and causative agents)
Injuries, air pressure, 32-36 chemical, 65-131, 346-348 gravity, 30-31
high-frequency electric fields, 42-44 humidity, 350
mechanical, 6, 9, 29-54 mechanical stimulation, 31-32 percussion, 31
physical, 6, 9, 29-54 radiation, 44-48, 351 simultaneous, 365-370 sound, 41-42
thermal, 36-41, 348-350 Innate immunity, see Immunity Insect nutrition, 134-136
Insect pathology, applications of, 7-10 challenges of, 21-23
definition of, 1-2 historical aspects of, 18-21 scope of, 1-7
Insecticides, see Poisons
Insects, as biological indicators of pollu
tion, 243
cultivation of microorganisms by, 221- 222
fortuitous internal contaminating mi
croorganisms of, 224-228 healthy, definition of, 216
healthy, microorganisms of, 215-250 host list of, infected with cytoplasmic
polyhedroses, 477-479
host list of, infected with nuclear poly
hedroses, 448-450
host range of, infected with Tipula iridescent virus, 481-483
immunity in, 273-297
microbial decomposition of as a food substrate, 217-221
microorganisms as food for, 216-217 serving as vectors, 228-229, 251-272 surface microorganisms of, 223 Integument, infection via, 300-303 Interference, associated with granuloses,
558-560
Interrelations in insect diseases, 339-379 influence of microbial diseases on, 358-
365
SUBJECT INDEX 649 influence of physiological diseases on,
345-346
Invertebrate pathology, 8 Iphita limbata, 144
Irradiation, as predisposing cause of microbial diseases, 351
effects on insects, 44-48, 351 in genetic diseases, 162, 172
in induction of virus diseases, 401, 507- 508
Ivel a auripes, 448 Ixodes holocyclus, 596 Ixodes ricinus, 597
j
Jack-pine sawfly, see Neodiprion pratti banksianae
Japanese Β encephalitis, nonpathogenic for vector, 252
Japanese beetle, see Popillia japonica Junonia, 347, 349, 354, 502-503
Junonia coenia, granulosis of, 533, 546, 549, 561-562
induced virus infection of, 506-507 nuclear polyhedrosis of, 396, 449
Κ
Katydid, see Tettigonia cantans Kotochalia junodi, 287, 399
L Lachnosterna, 351 Laelaps echidninus, 264
Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa, 448 Lampra fimbriata, 478
Laothoe populi, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis of, 472, 478
nuclear polyhedrosis of, 449 Laphygma exempta, 395
Laphygma exigua, granulosis of, 548 induced virus infection of, 506-507 nuclear polyhedrosis of, 395-396, 449 Laphygma frugiperda, granulosis of, 538,
543, 548
nuclear polyhedrosis of, 396, 429, 449 Larch sawfly, see Pristiphora erichsonii Large milkweed bug, see Oncopeltus fas
ciatus
Lasiocampa quercus, 479
Lasioderma serricorne, 233 Latency, definition of, 499-500
in cytoplasmic polyhedroses, 472-475, 499-526
in granuloses, 499-526, 560-563
in nuclear polyhedroses, 346-351, 401, 499-526
Latent period (incubation period), 386-388 Laurie acid, 107
Leaf hoppers, vectors of plant viruses, 252- 253
Leishmania, 259
Leishmania donovani, 260
Leptinotarsa decemlineata, chemical inju
ries of, 81, 87, 105, 114 infected with Beauveria, 321 Leptomonas, 304
Lesser wax moth, see Achroia grisella Lethal factors, aphasic, 181
complementary, 174 conditional, 174-176 diphasic and polyphasic, 181 early imaginal, 180-181 embryonic, 177-178 larval, 178-180 monophasic, 177-181 pupal, 180
Lethane, 60, 93, 384
Leucophaea, tumor induction in, 203 Leydrana, 366
Lineoleic acid, effect of deficiencies of, 139 Linognathus stenopsis, 602
Lipoptena caprina, 603 Lithophane leautieri, 478
Locusta migratoria, chemical injuries of, 75, 96, 103-106, 110, 112-113
nutritional disturbances of, 142 Locusta migratoria migratorioides, 146 Lophopteryx capucina, 478
Lorscher Krankheit, 605 Loxostege sticticalis, 70, 139 Lucilla, see Phaenicia Lycaena phlaeas, 478 Lymantria, 12, 173, 319
Lymantria dispar, see Porthetria dispar Lymantria incerta, 448
Lymantria monacha, chemical injury of, 112
induced virus infection of, 501, 505
nuclear polyhedrosis of, nature of, 414, 417, 420, 425-426, 430, 433-435, 439, 444, 449
nuclear polyhedrosis, nature of infec
tion of, 383, 386, 394
physical induction of polyhedroses of, 349
physiopathology of, 305, 318, 327 Lynchia maura, 603
Lyophilization, of rickettsiae, 588-589 Lysis, 285-286
Lysogenic bacteria, induction in, 523-524 Μ
Madura, 357
Madura aurantiaca, 357
Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus, 267 Macrosiphum tulipae, 69
Macrosteles fasdfrons, 252, 253 Malacosoma alpicola, 302, 309, 329, 330 Malacosoma americanum, granulosis of,
543
nuclear polyhedrosis of, 437, 439-441, 448
virus cross infection of, 394 Malacosoma californicum, 448 Malacosoma constrictum, 448
Malacosoma disstria, entomogenous para
site of, 218
infective nuclear polyhedral dose in, 400
midgut physiopathology of, 305-306 nuclear polyhedrosis of, 437, 439-441,
448
starvation of, 146 Malacosoma fragile, 401, 448
Malacosoma neustria, cytoplasmic poly
hedrosis of, 479
mycosis by mechanical injury of, 353 nuclear polyhedrosis of, 357, 448 physiopathology of, 307, 309 Malacosoma pluviale, bacteriosis of, 365
physiopathology of, 307, 312, 317 starvation effect of, 144 Malamoeba locustae, 317 Malathion, 94-96 Malformations, 170-171
Malnutrition, see nutritional diseases Malpighamoeba, 364, 366
Malpighamoeba mellificae, see Valkampfia mellificae
Mamestra brassicae, see Barrathra brassi
cae
Mediterranean flour moth, see Anagasta kiihniella
Megalopyge opercularis, 548, 564 Melanchra persicariae, 548 Melanolophia imitata, 448 Melanoplus bilituratus, 148 Melanoplus bivittatus, 369
Melanoplus differentialis, chemical inju
ries of, 92, 105, 107-108, 111, 113 infection of with Tetrameres americana,
267
Melanoplus femurrubrum, 83, 267, 284 Melanosella mors-apis, 359
Melolontha, 311, 312, 315, 316, 317, 320, 321, 325, 326, 482, 493, 590, 605, 606, 608
Melolontha hippocastani, 320, 605 Melolontha melolontha, disease interac
tion in, 342, 352-353, 369
physiopathology and histochemistry of, 311-312, 315, 319-320
rickettsioses of, 594-595, 605 Melolontha vulgaris, 96 Melophagus ovinus, 261, 602, 608 Mercuric chloride, 107
Mermis, 354
Metabolic diseases, 6, 9 (see also Physiological diseases) Metallic ions, 107
Metamorphosis, bacterial persistence through, 227-228
Metarrhizium, 370
Metarrhizium anisopliae, 19, 301-302, 348 Methods, cytological demonstration of
microorganisms, 240-242 for culturing rickettsiae, 591-592 for isolating rickettsiae, 590-591 for rickettsiae bioassay, 582-583 immunofluorescence for rickettsiae, 508-
581
isolation and purification of granulosis virus, 536-537
morphological examination for rickett
siae, 579-580
preparation and purification of nuclear polyhedra, 414-415
SUBJECT INDEX 651 preparation and purification of nuclear-
polyhedron virus particles, 415-416 purification of Tipula iridescent virus,
479-492
serological examination for rickettsiae, 581-582
Methyl bromide, 111-112 Microbial control, 8-9
by granulosis viruses, 563-567 Microbial diseases, 346-358, 362-365
excretory disorders associated with, 355 heat, cold, and humidity associated
with, 348-350
irradiation associated with, 351 nutrition, 356-358
poisoning associated with, 346-348 respiratory disorders associated with,
355
traumata associated with, 351-354 Microbracon hebetor, see Bracon hebetor Micrococcus, 300
Micrococcus lysodeikticus, 277 Micrococcus nigrofaciens, 351
Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus, 286, 288 Microorganisms, cultivation by ants and
termites, 221
cultivation by beetles, 221-222 external contaminants of insects, 223 food for insects, 216-217
food substrate production of for insects, 217-221
internal contaminants of insects, 224-228 of healthy insects, 215-250
relation to hatching stimulus, 228 (see also specific names)
Microscopy, electron, of granulosis virus, 537-541, 552-556
electron, of rickettsiae, 584-585 light, of granulosis virus, 534-536, 550-
552
light, of rickettsiae, 583-584
Migratory grasshopper, see Melanoplus bilituratus
Mimicry, 183-184
Minerals, nutritional effects of deficiency of, 143
Moniezia expansa, 267 Moratorvirus, 493
physiopathology and histochemistry of, 326
Moratorvirus lamellicornium, 312, 316, 326 Mormoniella vitripennis, 34
Morphology, of cytoplasmic inclusions, 459-464
of cytoplasmic virus particles, 466-470 of granulosis viruses, 537-541
of nuclear-polyhedrosis virus multipli
cation, 391-393
of Tipula iridescent virus, 483-488 size and structure of nuclear polyhedra,
417-418
size and structure of nuclear virus par
ticle, 418-432 Morus alba, 357 Morus nigra, 357 Mucor, 306, 354, 370 Mucor hiemalis, 349, 353 Mucor racemosus, 354 Musca, 110, 321
Musca domestica, chemical injuries of, 67, 70, 74-75, 85, 89, 96-98, 100, 102,
107
proteolytic enzymes of, 219
vectors of vertebrate pathogens, 256, 266 Musca vicina, 140, 220
Muscle poisons, dinitro compounds, 112- 114
gases, nonnarcotic, 111-112 ryanodine, 114
Mutations, see Genetic diseases Mycetome, 237-239
Mycetophila, experimental infection of with TIV, 482-483, 488
Mycobacterium leprae, 275 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 280 Mycoses (fungus diseases), 9, 18-20 by Aspergillus flavus, 321, 322 by Beauveria bassiana, 320-321 by Metarrhizium anisopliae, 19, 301-
302, 348, 370
predisposing causes of other microbial diseases, 365, 370
suppression of, 15-16 Myzus persicae, 253
Ν Nacoleia octosema, 449
Narcotic poisons, hydrocarbon oils as, 67 organic gases as, 67-72
Natada nararia, granulosis of, 540, 546, 561
Natural immunity, see Immunity Natural predisposition in insect diseases,
342-344
Nauphoeta cinerea, 258
Necrotic poisons, arsenicals as, 102-106 fatty acids as, 107
fluorine compounds as, 106-107 metallic ions as, 107
Nematodes, filarial, as pathogens of ar
thropod vectors, 265-266 Nematus olfaciens, 449 Nematus ribesii, 92 Neodiprion, 344 Neodiprion exitans, 449 Neodiprion lecontei, 38, 449
Neodiprion pratti banksianae, nuclear polyhedrosis of, 384, 431, 449, 510 Neodiprion sertifer, heat resistance of, 38
induced virus infections of, 346, 351, 510
nuclear polyhedrosis of, nature of, 432, 436-437, 439, 449, 543
nuclear polyhedrosis, nature of infec
tion of, 384, 388, 391, 397, 399-400 Neodiprion swainei, nuclear polyhedrosis
of, 319, 351, 449 Neoplasms, 6, 9, 192 (see also Tumors)
Nephelodes emmedonia, double infection of nuclear polyhedrosis and granu
losis in, 368, 396 granulosis of, 548, 559 Nepytia phantasmaria, 448 Nerves, chemical poisons of, 67-102 Nervous system, physiopathology of, 317-
320
Neuromuscular-junction poisons, 114-116 phenothiazine, 114-116
wasp venoms, 116
New Zealand armyworm, see Persectania ewingii
Nicotine alkaloids, 90-92
Non-anticholinesterases, cyclodiene deriv
atives, 87-90 gamma-BHC, 86-87 nicotine alkaloids, 90-92 organic thiocyanates, 93-94
Noninclusion viruses, 492-493 Nosema, 16, 344, 362, 366
Nosema apis, 304, 308, 343, 350, 358, 359, 364, 366
Nosema bombycis, 344, 359, 361, 366, 367 Nosema carpocapsae, 344
Nosema lymantriae, 366 Nosema muscular is, 307, 317, 366 Nosema otiorrhynchus, 362 Nosema stegomyiae, 367 Nosopsyllus fasciatus, 258, 596
Nuclear polyhedra, chemical composition of, 435-438
morphology of, 417-418
physicochemical properties of, 432-435 purification of, 414-415
serological properties of, 444-445 size and structure of, 417-418
Nuclear-polyhedrosis viruses, chemical composition of virus particles, 438-443 cross infection of, 394-396
defense against, 398 double infection of, 396-397 host list of, 448-450 infectivity of, 400
metabolic changes in infection, 402-403 morphology and size of virus, 418-432 multiplication of, 385-393
nature of, 413-456
nature of infections, 381-412
physicochemical properties of polyhe
dra, 432-435
preparation and purification of poly
hedra, 414-415
preparation and purification of virus particles, 415-416
purification of, 415-416 resistance to, 398-399
serological properties of polyhedron protein, 444-445
serological properties of virus particles, 445-446
serological relationship between poly
hedron and virus particle proteins, 446-447
stability of, 400-401 susceptibility to, 397
symptomatology and pathology of in Diptera, 385
SUBJECT INDEX 653 symptomatology and pathology of in
Hymenoptera, 384-385
symptomatology and pathology of in Lepidoptera, 382-384
taxonomy of, 447-448 transmission of, 401-402 virulence of, 399-400
Nun moth, see Lymantria monacha Nutrition, effect on tumor incidence, 201
of insects, 134-136 of symbiotes, 232-235
predisposing cause of microbial diseases, 356-358
relation to induction of virus infections, 517-519
Nutritional diseases, 133-160 carbohydrates, effects of, 138 lipids, effects of, 139-140 minerals, effects of, 143 of rickettsiae, 589
proteins and amino acids, effects of, 136-138
starvation, effects of, 144-147 vitamins, effects of, 140-143 water, effects of, 144 Nycteribia biarticulata, 603 Nycteribia blasii, 603 Nycteribia kollari, 603
Nymphalis antiopa, cytoplasmic polyhe
drosis of, 468, 478
induced virus infections of, 506-507 Nymphalis to, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis of,
473, 476, 478
experimental infection of with TIV, 482 nuclear polyhedrosis of, 449
Ο
Occult virus, definition of, 499-500 induction of virus infections, 346, 349-
351, 519-523 Onchocerca cervicalis, 265 Onchocerca volvulus, 265
Oncopeltus fasciatus, antibacterial prin
ciple in blood of, 286 chemical injuries of, 86, 94, 96-97 starvation, effect of, 147
Onion maggot, see Hylemya antiqua Operophtera brumata, cytoplasmic poly
hedrosis of, 473, 478
interrelation between two polyhedroses of, 363
nuclear polyhedrosis of, 448 Operophtera fagata, 478 Oporinia autumnata, 448
Oriental beetle, see Anomala orientalis Oriental cockroach, see Blatta orientalis Oriental house fly, see Musca domestica
vicina
Organophosphorus insecticides, 94-100 Orgyia antiqua, 478
Ornithodorus, 257, 610 Ornithodorus hermsi, 597, 600 Ornithodorus moubata, 597, 598, 599 Ornithodorus parken, 600 Ornithodorus tholozani, 259 Orycles, 493
Oryctes nasicornis, 605
Oryzaephilus surinamensis, chemical inju
ries of, 74, 82, 86, 93, 110, 113
Ostrinia nubilalis, cellular immunity of, 280
nutritional diseases of, 137-138 Otiorrhynchus ligustrici, 362 Ourapteryx sambucaria, 459, 478
Oxidative-enzyme inhibitors, hydrogen cyanide, 108-109
rotenone, 109-110
sulfur and sulfides, 107-108 thiourea, 110-111
Oxymirus, 237
Oxythyrea funestra, 605 Ρ Paltothyreus tarsatus, 318
Panaxia dominula, cytoplasmic polyhe
drosis of, 461
nuclear polyhedrosis of, 448 viral cross-infection of, 394 Panolis flammea, 112 Panonychus citri, 493 Panonychus ulmi, 493 Panstrongylus megistus, 259 Panthea portlandia, 449 Papilio hector, 184
Papilio polytes cyrus, 183 Papilio polytes polytes, 183-184 Papilio polytes romulus, 184 Par arge aegeria, 478
Parasemia plantaginis, 478
Parathion, 94-98 Parcoblatta, 241 Paris green, 102, 107
Passalus cornutus, chemical injuries of, 67, 69, 92, 107, 109, 111
fungus associated with, 222 Pasteurella, 578
Pasteurella pestis, 254, 256 Pasteurella tularensis, 257 Pathogens, of plants, 251-272
of vertebrates, 251-272 Pathological complexes, 351, 370
Pathology, of cytoplasmic polyhedroses, 464-466
of granulosis viruses, 545-563
of nuclear-polyhedrosis viruses, 383-385 of rickettsiae and rickettsioses, 592-608 of Tipula iridescent virus, 479-481 Pathophysiology, see physiopathology Pea aphid, see Acyrthosiphon pisum Peacock butterfly, see Nymphalis to Pectinophora gossypiella, 139 Pediculus, 590
Pediculus humanus, 596, 598, 602 Pediculus humanus capitis, 580
Pediculus humanus humanus, chemical injuries of, 72, 86-87
pathogenesis associated with vertebrate pathogens, 257, 259
Pediculus vestimenti, 259 Penicillium, 227, 351-352
Penicillium brevi-compactum, 353 Penicillium glaucum, 352
Perezia pyraustae, 359
Peridroma, 347, 349, 350, 351, 354, 363 virus induction in, 502-503, 511 Peridroma margaritosa, double and cross-
infections of, 395-397
effect of stressors on, 347, 349-350 granulosis of, 532, 546, 556-558, 561-562 induction of virus infections in, 503,
506-507 Peridroma saucia
(see also Peridroma margaritosa), nu
clear polyhedrosis of, 393, 414, 449 Periplaneta, induced tumors of, 205
resistance to atmospheric pressure of, 33 Periplaneta americana, chemical injuries
of, 69, 72, 74-78, 80-90, 92-96, 98-102, 105-106, 108-114
experimental virus vector, 229 nutritional disease of, 137 physical injuries of, 35 Ρ er ο behrensarius, 448
Persectania eiuingii, granulosis of, 537, 548, 565
starvation of, 145 Phaedon cochleariae, 143 Phaenicia sericata, 11, 110, 137, 219 Phagocytosis, 278-281, 285 Phalera bucephala, 394, 449
cytoplasmic polyhedrosis of, 475-476, 478
nuclear polyhedrosis of, 449 virus cross infection of, 394 Pheidole pallidula, 149 Phenacoccus, 107 Phenacoccus colemani, 67 Phenothiazine, 114-116 Phenylthiourea, 110-111 Phlebotomus argentipes, 260
Phlogophora meticulosa, cytoplasmic poly
hedrosis of, 461, 478 nuclear polyhedrosis of, 449
Phormia regina, carbohydrate deficiency of, 138
chemical injuries of, 73-74, 82, 90 protein breakdown by, 219 Phormia terrae-novae, 304 Phragmatobia fulginosa, 478
Phryganidia californica, humidity related to virus epizootic of, 501
nuclear polyhedrosis of, 448 resistance of to virus diseases, 399 virus cross infections of, 395 Phyllopertha horticola, 605 Phyllophaga anxia, 604 Phyllophaga ephilida, 604 Physical injuries, 29-63
Physiological diseases, 6, 345-346, 358-362 Physiology, of infection, 300-307
Physiopathology, 2, 10, 299-338 of alimentation, 307-308 of behavior, 317-320 of excretion, 316-317 of respiration, 308-310 of the adipose tissue, 315-316 of the circulatory system, 310-314 of the hemocytes, 314-315 of the nervous system, 317-320
SUBJECT INDEX 655 Phytonomas, 261
Pieris brassicae, chemical injuries of, 102- 103, 105-106
cytoplasmic polyhedrosis of, 478, 488 double infections of, 364, 366, 368, 369 experimental infection of with T I V ,
482-483
granulosis of, 532, 539, 541, 545-546, 549, 556-558, 560-562, 566-567 melanotic tumors of, 143
physiopathology of, 305, 309, 314, 319 resistance of to virus infection, 399 virus cross infection of, 395
Pieris napi, experimental infection of with TIV, 482
granulosis of, 548, 557, 560-561 Pieris rapae, chemical injury of, 83
cytoplasmic polyhedrosis of, 472, 478 double virus infection of, 367
experimental infection of with T I V , 482 granulosis of, 533, 539, 544-546, 549, 552,
556, 559-561, 563, 565, 567
induction of virus infection of, 501, 503, 505
nuclear polyhedrosis of, 394-397, 399, 444-445, 449
Pieris rapae crucivora, 563
Pine hawk moth, see Hyloicus pinastri Pink bollworm, see Pectinophora gossypi-
ella
Piroplasma, 264 Piroplasma caballi, 264 Plague, see Pasteurella pestis
Plant pathogens, pathogenic to arthropod vectors, 251-272
Plasmodium cynomolgi, 264 Plasmodium falciparum, 367 Plasmodium gallinaceum, 263, 275 Plasmodium relictum, 262, 263, 264 Plasmodium rhadinurum, 263 Platanus, 357
Platysamia cecropia, 302, 309, 314, 317, 322
Plusia gamma, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis of, 478
induction of virus infection of, 501 interrelation of diseases of, 350, 357, 363 nuclear polyhedrosis of, 449
Plutella maculipennis, 148 Podospermum, 306, 354
Poisons, axionic derivatives, 72-86 effect of on development of microbial
disease, 346-348 ganglionic, 86-102 muscle, 111-114 narcotic, 67-72 necrotic, 102-107
neuromuscular-junction, 114-116 oxidative-enzyme inhibitors, 107-111 Polia oleracea, 356
Polydorus aristolochia, 184
Polygonia c-album, cytoplasmic polyhe
drosis of, 476, 478 Polygonia satyrus, 449
Polyhedra, cytoplasmic; morphology and nature of, 459-464
nuclear; purification, morphology and chemistry of, 414-415, 417-418, 432- 438
nuclear; serological properties of, 445- 446
Polyhedroses, cytoplasmic, nature of, 457- 479
physiopathology and histochemistry of, 326-328, 331
nuclear, nature of, 382-412, 413-456 (see also Virus diseases)
Polypedilum vanderplanki, 40 Polyplax spinulosa, 596, 611 Popillia japonica, bacterioses of, 370
chemical injuries of, 74-75, 82, 105 nutritional diseases of, 146, 152 physiopathology of, 310-311, 314 rickettsioses of, 592, 604
Population density, related to induction of virus infections, 502
Populus tremuloides, 357 Porthetria, 12
Porthetria dispar, chemical injuries of, 82, 84, 103, 105
cytoplasmic polyhedrosis of, 477, 478, 482
experimental infection of with TIV, 482-483
induction of virus infections of, 501 nuclear polyhedrosis of, 383, 394, 398,
400, 417, 420-422, 424, 433-435, 437- 441, 444, 449
physiopathology of, 307, 317
