• Nem Talált Eredményt

+HUPDQ-y]VHIHPOpNH]HWH í

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Ossza meg "+HUPDQ-y]VHIHPOpNH]HWH í "

Copied!
5
0
0

Teljes szövegt

(1)

O\iVROWiNLVHJ\LGUHÒJ\KRJ\pQHJ\VRNNDOQ\XJDOPDVDEELGV]DNEDQWXGWDPiWYHQQLD]HOQ|NL WHHQGNHW

+DGGXWDOMDNDUUDLVKRJ\MyPXQNDWiUVDLPYROWDN.pWIWLWNiUHJ\PiVWYiOWYDP&N|G|WWHO Q|NVpJHPLGHMpQ(OV]|U6]DWKPiUL,VWYiQWDQiU~UDPtJILQQRUV]iJLYHQGpJWDQiUViJiWPHJNH]G WHXWiQDSHGLJ.LVV-HQWDQiU~UPpJKRVV]DEELGHLJ0LQGDNHWWHQNLYiOyDQYpJH]WpNPXQNiMX NDWQDJ\RQVRNVHJtWVpJHWDGWDNQHNHPLVpVPpJW|EEHWDGWDND7iUVDViJQDN+LV]HQ6]DWKPiUL WDQiU~UpUGHPHLN|]|WWI|OWpWOHQOPHJNHOOHPOtWHQLKRJ\D]IWLWNiUViJDDODWWVWPiU%iUF]L

*p]D HOQ|NL LGHMpQHN D PiVRGLN IHOpEHQ NLDODNXOW D 7iUVDViJQDN H] D UHQGV]HUH V]DNRV]WiO\L pV P&N|GpVLUHQGV]HUHpVH]D]pUGHPN.LVV-HQWDQiU~USHGLJPiUHJ\NLFVLWQHKH]HEELGV]DNEDQ YHWWHiWDIWLWNiULWHHQGNHWDPLNRUNH]GWHNQHKH]OQLD7iUVDViJQDND]DQ\DJLYLV]RQ\DLHOOiWRWW ViJDpVDNOVKLYDWDOLEURNUiFLDLVNH]GHWWVDMQRVQ|YHNHGQLLVNLYiOypU]pNNHOpVHUXGtFLyYDO OiWWDHOIHODGDWiW0LQGH]WFVDNDQQDNEL]RQ\ViJDNpQWHPOtWHPKRJ\V]iPRPUDQDJ\RQN|QQ\&YROWH]D]

HOQ|NVpJ RO\DQ PXQNDWiUVDLP YROWDN DNLN HEEHQ D WLV]WVpJHPEHQ QDJ\RQ VRNDW VHJtWHWWHN (] D] HJ\LN GRORJ DPLW PRQGDQL DNDURN $ PiVLN WXODMGRQNpSSHQ FVDN D MyNtYiQViJQDN DV]DYDNtYiQRPKRJ\D]~MHOQ|NVpJHUHGPpQ\HVHQV]DNWXGRPiQ\XQNMDYiUDGROJR]]RQWRYiEE IRO\WDWYDD7iUVDViJLPPiUPiVRGLNpYV]i]DGiEDIRUGXOyKDJ\RPiQ\DLW)RO\WDVVD± PRQGRPQp PLV]XEMHNWLYL]PXVVDO±KLV]HQHJ\HVOHWQNPRVWPHJYiODV]WRWWV]&NHEEYH]HWpVHD]pQNRUiEEL PXQNDWiUVDLPEyO WHYGLN |VV]H HJ\WW PXQNiONRGWXQN VRN pYHQ NHUHV]WO ~M HOQ|NQNNHO .LVV -HQWDQiU~UUDOpV~MIWLWNiUXQNNDO-XKiV]'H]VWDQiU~UUDO1HPNHOONHWEHPXWDWQRPKLV]HQ PLQGHQNLLVPHULWXGMDKRJ\PLWWHWWHND7iUVDViJpOHWpEHQpVWHYpNHQ\VpJppUW-HQWDQiU~UPLQW IWLWNiU'H]VWDQiU~UPLQWD0DJ\DU1\HOYV]HUNHV]WMH8J\DQFVDN|U|PPHON|V]|QW|PD]~M YH]HWVpJVRUDLEDQHGGLJLVV]HUpQ\HQGROJR]y~MWLWNiUXQNDW)DUNDV7DPiVWeQLVPpWHOWHQFVDN D OHJMREE NtYiQViJDLPDW WXGRP WROPiFVROQL PLQGKiUPXN V]iPiUD pV NtYiQRN HUHGPpQ\HVM|YW WHUPpV]HWHVHQD]~MWLV]WLNDUHJpV]pQHND9iODV]WPiQ\QDNpVD7iUVDViJPLQGHQWDJMiQDN6]ROJiO MiNK&HQWRYiEEHJ\HVOHWQNHW

(] D 7iUVDViJ V]i]pYHV IHQQiOOiVVDO EHEL]RQ\tWRWWD KRJ\ pOHWNpSHV KRJ\ V]NVpJ YDQ Ui 1HPFVDNUHPpOHPKDQHPEL]WRVYDJ\RNEHQQHKRJ\DN|YHWNH]LGV]DNRWLVXJ\DQ~J\RO\DQ V]RUJRVDQpVHUHGPpQ\HVVpJJHOpOLiWDKRJ\HGGLJWHWWH.|V]|Q|PKRJ\PHJKDOOJDWWDN´

$N|]J\&OpVHOQ|NL]iUV]yYDOpUWYpJHW. L V V - H Q PHJN|V]|QWH%HQNWDQiU~UHP OpNH]pVHPOpNH]WHWV]DYDLWMyNtYiQViJDLWDPHJMHOHQWHNN|]UHP&N|GpVpWpVILJ\HOPpWVD0D J\DU1\HOYWXGRPiQ\L7iUVDViJHJ\EHQWLV]W~MtWyN|]J\&OpVpWEHUHNHV]WHWWH

gVV]HiOOtWRWWD.LVV-HQ

+HUPDQ-y]VHIHPOpNH]HWH í

+HUPDQ-y]VHIEHQpUHWWVpJL]HWWD%XGDSHVWL5HIRUPiWXV*LPQi]LXPEDQVHNNRULUDW NR]RWW EH D 3i]PiQ\ 3pWHU PDLQHYpQ(|WY|V/RUiQG7XGRPiQ\HJ\HWHPUHDKROíD](|WY|V

&ROOHJLXP WDJMDNpQW í EHQ NDSRWW IUDQFLD±ODWLQ V]DNRV N|]pSLVNRODL WDQiUL RNOHYHOHW (]W $WHPHWpVUH%XGDSHVWHQD)DUNDVUpWLWHPHWUDYDWDOR]yMiEDQRNWyEHUpQNHUOW VRU $ 0DJ\DU 7XGRPiQ\RV $NDGpPLD NpSYLVHOHWpEHQ± pVD0DJ\DU1\HOYWXGRPiQ\L7iUVDViJ QHYpEHQLV± 5LWRyN=VLJPRQGDNDGpPLNXVE~FV~]RWW+HUPDQ-y]VHIWOYiODV]WPiQ\XQNUpJLDNWtY WDJMiWyO$1\HOYWXGRPiQ\L,QWp]HWUpV]pUO.RQWUD0LNOyVPRQGRWWEHV]pGHWHQQHNEYtWHWWYiOWR]D WiWDGMXNLWWN|]UH

(2)

PHJHO]HQNpWpYLJDSiUL]VL6RUERQQHRQWDQXOWDKROIUDQFLDQ\HOYpV]HWLGLVV]HUWiFLyMiYDOGRNWR ULFtPHWQ\HUW(OVPXQNDKHO\HD]07$1\HOYWXGRPiQ\L,QWp]HWHYROWNpVEEWDQtWRWWD],GHJHQ 1\HOYHN )LVNROiMiQ D] (/7( 5RPDQLV]WLNDL 7DQV]pNpQ WO D.RVVXWK/DMRV7XGRPiQ\

HJ\HWHP )UDQFLD 7DQV]pNpQHN YH]HWMH SURIHVV]RUD PDMGWO~MEyOD](/7(URPDQLV]WLND SURIHVV]RUD7HV]HJ\NXOW~UGLSORPiFLDLNLWpUWWOLJD]81(6&2IHOVRNWDWiVLUpV]

OHJpQHNLJD]JDWyMD3iUL]VEDQEHQPHJYiODV]WMiND0DJ\DU7XGRPiQ\RV$NDGpPLDWDJMiQDN VHWWOD]pYWOHJ\pYWL]HGHQiWD]DNDGpPLDL1\HOYWXGRPiQ\L,QWp]HWLJD]JDWyMDEHQPHJ KtYRWWHJ\HWHPLWDQiUNpQWNLQHYH]pVWNDSRWWD9HOHQFHL(J\HWHPUHDKROLJQ\XJGtMEDYRQX OiViLJWDQtWRWW(]WN|YHWHQÄEROGRJQ\XJGtMDV´DNLWOLJD]$NDGpPLD1\HOYWXGRPiQ\L

%L]RWWViJiQDNHOQ|NHNpQWVH]]HOSiUKX]DPRVDQD1\HOYWXGRPiQ\L,QWp]HWWXGRPiQ\RVWDQiFVi QDNHOQ|NHNpQWV]yOWEHOHDPDJ\DUQ\HOYpV]HWJ\HLEH

$] pUWHOPLVpJL FVDOiG DPHO\EH V]OHWHWW D /yQ\D\ XWFDL JLPQi]LXP PHJ D] (|WY|V&RO OHJLXPYDODPLQWWDQiUDL(FNKDUGW6iQGRU*iOGL/iV]Oy/D]LF]LXV*\XODpV7DPiV/DMRVPLQG ILORV]SiO\iUDSUHGHV]WLQiOWiNGHRO\DQUDDPHO\UHHV]yQDNHVHWOHJHVHQPHJOHYKDOYiQ\SHMRUDWtY NRQQRWiFLyMDHUV]DNNDOVHPOHQQHLOOHV]WKHW1pKiQ\pYHVDMiWPDJiWÄHJ\PHJU|J]|WWEiUHUHW QHNVDXVVXUHLiQXVQ\HOYW|UWpQpV]´QHNWLWXOiOWD01\

.|]YHWOHQV]DNWHUOHWHHOVVRUEDQDURPDQLV]WLNDPiVRGVRUEDQD]iOWDOiQRVQ\HOYpV]HWYROW

$URPDQLV]WLNiEDQDNpVLpVYXOJiULVODWLQViJDODWLQ±~MODWLQiWPHQHWVH]]HONDSFVRODWRVDQDQ\HOYL YiOWR]iVPHFKDQL]PXVDpVHOPpOHWHIRJODONR]WDWWiN)V]DNWHUOHWpQYLOiJKtUUHWHWWV]HUWDPLW SXEOLNiFLyLQHP]HWN|]LV]HUHSOpVHLDYLOiJV]iPRVHOVUDQJ~HJ\HWHPpQWDUWRWWYHQGpJSURIHVV]RUL NXU]XVDLpVKDVRQOyDQ\HOYpV]HWEHQLPSDNWIDNWRUUDOPpUKHWHWOHQVD0DJ\DU7XGRPiQ\RV$ND GpPLDPDLpUWpNUHQGV]HUpEHQVpUWpNHOEURNUiFLiMiEDQHJ\HQHVHQpUWHOPH]KHWHWOHQWHOMHVtWPpQ\HL GRNXPHQWiOQDN.OI|OGLV]DNWiUVDL0RQVLHXU/DWLQYXOJDLUHQHNQHYH]WpN%2//$.È/0È1V]HUN 0DJ\DUQ\HOYpV]SiO\DNpSHNpV|QYDOORPiVRN+HUPDQ-y]VHI%S

$PLNRU +HUPDQ D]DNDGpPLDL1\HOYWXGRPiQ\L,QWp]HWLJD]JDWyMDOHWWEHQHOGMpWO +DMG~3pWHUWOQHPHJ\VWDIpWDERWRWYHWWiWKDQHPHJ\HVHUQ\W(]WD]HVHUQ\WD6]HQWKiURPViJ XWFDLpSOHWDVV]REiMDI|OpNHOOHWWWDUWDQLDDKRODJHQHUDWtYQ\HOYpV]HNODNR]WDN±+DMG~3pWHU DNL+HUPDQHOGMHYROWD]LQWp]HWLJD]JDWyLV]pNEHQEHQ1\tUHJ\Ki]iQD0DJ\DU1\HOYpV]HN ,,,1HP]HWN|]L.RQJUHVV]XViWPHJQ\LWyEHV]pGpEHQHJ\HEHNPHOOHWWD]WPRQGWDKRJ\ÄD]LVYD OyV]tQ&QHNOiWV]LNKRJ\DPDJ\DUQ\HOYWXGRPiQ\QDNW|EEGHOHJDOiEENpWIDMWDPDJ\DUQ\HOYWDQ HONpV]tWpVpYHONHOOIRJODONR]QLD´1\WXGeUW± $NLNQiODPILDWDODEEDNWDOiQQHPpUWLNPLW LVMHOHQWH]DPRQGDW$NLYLV]RQWMHOHQYROWD]$NDGpPLD,2V]WiO\iQDNN|]J\&OpVLQ\LOYiQRVOp VpQPiMXViEDQWDQ~MDOHKHWHWWHJ\FV|UWpQHNDPLpSSpYYHON|YHWWH+DMG~3pWHUQ\tUHJ\

Ki]LEHMHOHQWpVpW+DYDODNLD]WJRQGROQiKRJ\PLVHPEDQiOLVDEENLMHOHQWpVDQQiOKRJ\OHJDOiEE NpWIDMWDPDJ\DUQ\HOYWDQUDYDQV]NVpJWDOiQMyOWHV]LKDHJ\SLOODQDWUDPDJiEDURVNDG

$PLW+DMG~3pWHU1\tUHJ\Ki]iQEHMHOHQWHWWQHPWXGKDWWDEHYpJH]QLPHUWEHQiWDGWD D]LJD]JDWyLV]pNHW+HUPDQ-y]VHIQHNpYLJYROWLJD]JDWyQNVDÄ6WUXNWXUiOLVPDJ\DUQ\HOY WDQ´N|WHWHD0RQGDWWDQpSSKRJ\PHJMHOHQWDPLNRUWiYR]RWWEHQ3HUV]HDPRQGDWWDQ VDÄNpNIRQROyJLD´PDQHPOpWH]QpQHNKD+HUPDQQHPWDUWRWWYROQDYpGHUQ\W± +DMG~KR]KD VRQOyDQ± D6]HQWKiURPViJXWFDLDVV]REDI|Op± (QQHNDYpGHUQ\WDUWiVQDNPDPiUSOiQH ILDWDODEEDNV]iPiUDDOLJpUWKHWMHOHQWVpJHYROW(J\LNPpOWDWyMDV]HULQW.,()(5)(5(1&01\

XJ\DQ +HUPDQ PiU EHQ NLK~]WD D WDODMW D] LGHROyJLDL pUYHN DOyO GH YDOyMiEDQ PpJ D] HV±DV pYHN PDJ\DU Q\HOYpV]HWpEHQ LV NpUGpVHV YROW KRJ\ HOpJ PDU[LVWDH D]

HOpJMyQ\HOYpV]HW.pUGpVHVYROWKRJ\DVWUXNWXUDOLVWDHOHP]pVHNPHQQ\LEHQDQWLPDU[LVWiN9ROW WHKiWMHOHQWVpJHQHPNLFVLDPLNRU+HUPDQ-y]VHID]WPRQGWDKRJ\ÄDQ\HOYWXGRPiQ\RQEHOOL W|UpVYRQDODNQHPDPDU[L]PXVKDWiUYRQDODLQK~]yGQDN´+(50$1LQ.,66±6=%76V]HUN7DQXO PiQ\RN D PDJ\DU Q\HOYWXGRPiQ\ W|UWpQHWpQHN WpPDN|UpEO%S± (]D]WMHOHQWHWWH KRJ\NpWPDJ\DUOHtUyQ\HOYWDQN|]|WWOHKHWXJ\DQNO|QEVpJGHQHPDEEDQKRJ\D]HJ\LNPDU [LVWD Q\HOYWDQ D PiVLN PHJ QHP ± 0DJDP PiU IHOQWWIHMMHOpUWHPPHJD]WDPLNRUEHQ

(3)

D0DJ\DU7XGRPiQ\KDViEMDLQ]DMOyLGHJHQV]yYLWiEDQ3DSS)HUHQFD]WDNLQ\LODWNR]WDWiVWWHWWH RUiNXOXPNpQW KLV] DNDGpPLNXV YROW KRJ\ Ä$ PDU[L]PXV WHUPpV]HWHVHQ VHP D] LGHJHQ V]DYDN PHOOHWWVHPD]RNHOOHQQHPV]yO´07XG

+HUPDQ -y]VHI D YpGHUQ\NLIHV]tWpVpW IRQWRV IHODGDWiQDN WDUWRWWD $ PDJ\DU Q\HOYWXGR PiQ\QDND]DVpYHNEHQNH]GGHOPpOHWLQ\LWiViUyOV]yOyWDQXOPiQ\iEDQLQ.,66±6=%76 V]HUNLPPHJHPOtWLKRJ\D]HOPpOHWL~MtWiVNH]GHPpQ\H]LiOWDOiEDQLVNROi]RWWViJXNDWLGH JHQEHQ YDJ\ OHJDOiEELV LGHJHQ ILOROyJLiN WDQXOPiQ\R]iViYDO V]HUH]WpN V D] ~MtWiV ÄKRUGR]yL pV VUJHWLQHPNLVUpV]EHQNLVVpªNtYOUOM|WW©HPEHUHNYROWDNDPDJ\DUQ\HOYWXGRPiQ\IiUDPi QDNSHULIpULiMiQVQHPiOOtWKDWMXNKRJ\H]WLGQNpQWQHPpUH]WHWWpNHJ\LNNHOYDJ\PiVLNNDOWH KiWHOHYHPLQWHJ\J\DQ~VDN>YROWDN± .0@´$]LO\HQÄDYDWDWODQRN´PiUD]eUWHOPH]6]yWiU V]HUNHV]WpVpQHNNH]GHWpQLV]DYDUWNHOWHWWHNO.2175$1\.±±VH]DYDUNHOWpV PpJPDVHPEIpOpYV]i]DGGDONpVEEVHPpUWYpJHW+DHOPRQGKDWyKRJ\DPDJ\DUQ\HOYpV]H WHWDNLHJ\HQV~O\R]RWWSOXUDOL]PXVMHOOHP]LPDDNNRU+HUPDQ-y]VHIQHNHEEHQHOpYOKHWHWOHQpU GHPHLYDQQDN

+HUPDQ-y]VHIYpGHUQ\WWDUWRWWI|OpPLVEHQPHJKtYRWWD],QWp]HWPXQNDWiUViQDN D]]DO KRJ\ ÄWHUHPWVG PHJ WHUHPWVN PHJ D PDJ\DU V]RFLROLQJYLV]WLNiW´ 0HUWKRJ\ QHP YROW LO\HVPL0DJ\DURUV]iJRQPpJEHQVHP6D]WiQOHWW0HJV]OHWHWWD%XGDSHVWL6]RFLROLQJ YLV]WLNDL,QWHUM~pVD0DJ\DU1HP]HWL6]RFLROLQJYLV]WLNDL9L]VJiODW7HUPpV]HWHVGRORJYROWKRJ\

DPLNRUPyGQ\tOWUiDPDJ\DUV]RFLROLQJYLV]WLNiWQHPPDJ\DURUV]iJLKDQHPPDJ\DUV]RFLROLQJ YLV]WLNDNpQW NH]GWN pUWHOPH]QL DPLEH EHOHIpUW PiU %UDVVyWyO %iUWIiLJ pV 3R]VRQ\WyO =DEROiLJ PLQGHQPDJ\DU

+HUPDQDWXGRPiQ\pVDNXOWXUiOLVGLSORPiFLDKDWiUPH]VJ\pMpQLVPR]JRWWVNLYiOyGLSOR PDWDYROW2O\DQWXGRPiQ\V]HUYH]DNLD]HJ\PiVQ\DNiWV]RURQJDWyULYiOLVLVNROiNN|]|WWVLNHU UHON|]YHWtWHWWVD]HOOHQWpWHNHWQpKDPpJOHJMREEPHJJ\]GpVHHOOHQpUHLVNpSHVYROWiWKLGDOQL 1HJRQGROMRQD]RQEDQVHQNLPHJDONXYiVUD$PLNRUD]LJD]JDWyLV]pNEHQWN|YHW.LHIHU)HUHQ FHWN|V]|QW|WWHQpKiQ\pYH01\QHYpQQHYH]WHÄDPDJ\DUQ\HOYWXGRPiQ\IRJDOPi YDOYDOyNLUHNHV]W]VRQJOUN|GpVW´D]WDKRJ\HJ\HVHNQHPFVXSiQD]RNDWDKD]iQNEDQGROJR]y Q\HOYpV]HNHWWXGQiNDNDSXNRQNtYODNLNQHPDPDJ\DUQ\HOYHWNXWDWMiNKDQHPD]RNDWLVDNLN DPDJ\DUQ\HOYKH]HOPpOHWLDODSUyON|]HOtWHQHN

$PLNRU+HUPDQ-y]VHIQ\HOYpV]SiO\iMDPHJNH]GG|WW0DJ\DURUV]iJRQDQ\HOYW|UWpQHWL NXWDWiVRNXUDOWiNDQ\HOYWXGRPiQ\WD]RNQDNLVHOVVRUEDQDMyOEHYiOWNHYpVNRFNi]DWRVYiOODONR ]iVEDNHYHUHGIRUPiL$;;V]i]DGYpJpUHD]RQEDQDNOI|OGLQ\HOYpV]HWEHQÄDW|UWpQHWLQ\HOYp V]HW YLV]RQ\ODJ V]&N VSHFLDOL]iOW V]DNPiYi OHWW´ +(50$1 LQ %$.5Ï1$*<±%È15e7,±e.,66 V]HUNÒMDEEWDQXOPiQ\RNDVWUXNWXUiOLVPDJ\DUQ\HOYWDQpVDQ\HOYW|UWpQHWN|UpEO%S DQ\HOYW|UWpQHWLNXWDWiVRNV]LQWHPLQGHQHVWODQ\HOYpV]HWSHULIpULiMiUDVRGUyGWDN+HUPDQ iOWDOiQRVQ\HOYpV]NpQWH]WNLVVp]RNRQYHWWHGHWXGRPiVXOYHWWH1HPWLWNROWDD]RQEDQYpOHPpQ\pW D]RNUyODV]LQNUyQLiUDVSHFLDOL]iOWHOPpOHWLQ\HOYpV]HNUOÄDNLNKR]]iV]RNWDNDV]LQNUyQDQ\DJ J\&MWpV PyGV]HUEHOL pV LQWHOOHNWXiOLV HJ\V]HU&VpJpKH] pV D W|UWpQHWL IRO\DPDWRNUyO KDUPDGQH J\HGNp]EOV]iUPD]yLVPHUHWHNNHOUHQGHONH]QHN´+(50$1XR

,JD]JDWyNpQWNpWQDJ\IiEDYiJWDIHMV]pMpW$]HJ\LNDPDJ\DUEHV]pOWQ\HOYLNXWDWiVRNEHLQ GtWiVDYROWDPiVLND]DNDGpPLDLQDJ\V]yWiUIHOpOHV]WpVH0LQGNpWYiOODONR]iVMyOPXWDWMD+HUPDQ -y]VHILQWHOOHNWXiOLVEiWRUViJiW$EHV]pOWQ\HOYLNXWDWiVRNV]RUJDOPD]iVD0DJ\DURUV]iJRQYDGR QDW~MGRORJYROWpYYHOH]HOWW$1DJ\V]yWiUpOHWUHNHOWpVHSHGLJHJ\pYV]i]DGRVÄKHURLNXVDND GpPLDL FVG´ HOWDNDUtWiViW FpO]y EiWRU WLV]WHOHWHW SDUDQFVROy DNWXV DPLQHN QHP]HWL NXOW~UiQN V]HPSRQWMiEyORO\DQMHOHQWVpJHYDQDPLW+HUPDQXWyGDLD]$NDGpPLiQEHOOVNtYOPpJPDVHP OiWQDNHOpJWLV]WiQ

$]HOVNN|]pWDUWR]RWWDNLQ\HOYiOODPpVSROLWLND|VV]HIJJpVHLWWiUVDGDOPLIHOHOVVpJJHO pVWXGRPiQ\RVLJpQQ\HOYL]VJiOWDOSO+(50$11\HOYiOODPpVSROLWLND.ULWLND±

+(50$1±,05( 1\HOYLYiOWR]iVíQ\HOYLWHUYH]pV0DJ\DURUV]iJRQ07XGí7XG

(4)

YiQWXGWDVKLUGHWWHKRJ\pJHWV]NVpJQNOHQQHDQ\HOYSROLWLNDLLQWp]NHGpVHNKDWiVDLQDNSURJ QRV]WL]iOiViUDÄ$KDODGyQ\HOYSROLWLNDFpOMDD]DQ\DQ\HOYHNPHJU]pVH´± tUWDDNNRUDPLNRUYL OiJKtU&Q\XJDWL Q\HOYpV]HN PpJ yYDWRVNRGWDN V |QWXGDWRVDQ ÄD] REMHNWtY WXGRPiQ\RV HOHP]pV´

HOHIiQWFVRQWWRUQ\iED]iUNy]WDN+HUPDQWXGWDKRJ\DNpWQ\HOY&VpJEHQQpKiQ\JHQHUiFLyDODWWD]

HUVHEEQ\HOYMDYiUDV]RNRWWELOOHQQLDPpUOHJGHKLUGHWWHKRJ\H]DWHQGHQFLDPpJVHPVRUVV]HU&

+~V]pYYHOH]HOWWLPHJiOODStWiVDLPDXJ\DQRO\DQLGV]HU&HNVDMQRVPLQWDPLNRUHOiOOWYHON 1\HOYWXGRPiQ\XQNDGyVDQ\HOYSROLWLNDLHOHP]pVHNNHO$FLJiQ\DLQNNDONDSFVRODWRVQ\HOYSROLWLND QLQFV NLGROJR]YD $ KD]DL ODNRVViJ NRPPXQLNiFLyV V]tQYRQDOiQDN HPHOpVpUH VLQFV NLGROJR]RWW WHUYQN $ V]RPV]pGRV RUV]iJRNEDQ pO PDJ\DURN Q\HOYL YHV]pO\H]WHWHWWVpJpQHN FV|NNHQWpVpUH PiLJQHPNpV]OWWXGRPiQ\RVDQPHJDODSR]RWWDNFLyWHUY,GHJHQQ\HOYWXGiVXQNYROXPHQpWWHNLQW YHD](XUySDL8QLyEDQVHUHJKDMWyNYDJ\XQN

+HUPDQ-y]VHIQDJ\RQMyOWXGWDLVPHJV]HQYHGWHKRJ\ÄD]HPEHUHNíVWDWXGRPiQ\R VDQP&YHOWHPEHUHNí]|PHV]iPiUDQHKH]HQpUWKHWKRJ\DQ\HOYpV]SRQWRVDQPLYHOIRJODONR]LN pVPLpUW´+(50$1LQ6= %$.5Ï1$*<±.2175$V]HUN$Q\HOYpV]HWUOíHJ\HVV]iPHOVV]H PpO\EHQ%S,O\HQN|]HJEHQíPRQGWDíDQ\HOYpV]QHNULWNDHPEHULWXODMGRQViJRNUD LV V]NVpJH YDQ HJ\HEHN PHOOHWW ÄWUHOHPUH D ODLNXV RVWREDViJRN KDQJR]WDWyLYDO V]HPEHQ´ XR $NDGpPLDL IHOROYDVy OpVHQ IHMWHWWH NL EHQ KRJ\ D PDJ\DU Q\HOY QHP URPOLN KRJ\

D WUiJiU EHV]pG HOOHQL KDUFEDQ D Q\HOYpV] V]HUHSH DOLJ PiV PLQW EiUPHO\ P&YHOW iOODPSROJiUp 1HP WXGKDWWD DNNRU KRJ\ PiVIpO pYWL]HG P~OYD PLO\HQ W|UYpQ\W IRJ KR]QL D PDJ\DU SDUODPHQW ÄDQ\HOYURPOiVHOOHQ´VKRJ\D]WWXGRPiQ\RVDQP&YHOWHPEHUHNLVWiPRJDWMiNPDMG$PLNRUIHO IRJWDpVV]HODPLWOiWD0DJ\DU7XGRPiQ\RV$NDGpPLDWDJMDWUHOHPUHLQWHWWH|QPDJiWDODLNXV RVWREDViJRNSHGLJUpVKDQJR]WDWyLYDOV]HPEHQLV

$ ODWLQ: ~MODWLQ iWPHQHW NXWDWiViW D NRPPXQLNiFLyNXWDWiV EHYRQiViYDO JD]GDJtWyN N|]p WDUWR]y+HUPDQ-y]VHIPLYHODV]RFLROLQJYLV]WLNDLNXWDWiVRNDWHUHGHWLVDONRWyPyGRQNDPDWR]WDW WDDURPDQLV]WLNiEDQLVOSO7KH(QGRIWKH+LVWRU\RI/DWLQ5RPDQFH3KLORORJ\

±1\HOYLWXGDWQ\HOYLYiOWR]iVQ\HOYLSROLWLND07XG±HPLQHQVHQWLV]WiEDQ YROWDQ\HOYLYiOWR]iVRNSUREOHPDWLNiMiYDOVEHQQHDQ\HOYLWXGDWRVViJV]HUHSpYHOLV0HJHQJHG KHWWHPDJiQDN± DQpONOKRJ\EiUNLpSHV]&HPEHUD]]DOYiGROKDWWDYROQDKRJ\W|UWpQHWLDQHNGRWiN P|JpE~MYDVDQGDYpOHPpQ\WPRQGDPDLVV]HQYHGpOO\HOYLWDWRWWPDJ\DUQ\HOYSROLWLNDLNpUGpVHN UO±KRJ\DQ\HOYWHUYH]pVDQ\HOYSROLWLNDLFVHOHNYpVHNPLQGHQKDWyViJiEDQKtYFVRGDYiUyNQDN WXGRPiViUDKR]]DÄDWXGDWPLQGHQEHDYDWNR]iVLNtVpUOHWHRO\DQN|]HJEHQW|UWpQLNDPHO\EHQDWX GDWV]HUHSHFVHNpO\PHUWDQ\HOYUHQGV]HUpQHNW|UWpQHWLYiOWR]iVDL|QW|UYpQ\&HNpVHOUHQHPMH OH]KHWHN(]SHUV]HQHPMHOHQWLD]WíWHWWHKR]]iíKRJ\DQ\HOYLN|]OpVHNRSWLPDOL]iOiViUDLUi Q\XOyDGPLQLV]WUDWtYpVSROLWLNDLQ\RPiVWyOPHQWHVMDYDVODWRNíINpSSDV]yNLQFVWHUpQíHOHYH KDV]RQWDODQRN YDJ\ NLOiWiVWDODQRN YROQiQDN´ (J\HJ\ Q\HOYWDQL V]DEiO\ PRQGMXN HJ\ V]yUHQGL YiOWR]iVPR]JiViWDEHV]pOND]pUWQHPpU]pNHOLNPHUWH]HNOHIRO\iVDQHPFVDNW|EEJHQHUiFLyQ tYHOiWKDQHPHVHWOHJpYV]i]DGRVOpSWpN&$QRUPiOLVQ\HOYKDV]QiOyJ\DNRUODWLODJFVXSiQDV]y NLQFVYiOWR]iViWpU]pNHOL$WXGDWV]HUHSHLJHQNRUOiWR]RWWDQ\HOYLYiOWR]iVRNpV]OHOpVpEHQLVGH NO|Q|VHQDQ\HOYLYiOWR]iVDNDUDWODJRVHOLGp]pVpEHQ

+HUPDQ-y]VHIPLQGH]WMyOWXGWD7XGWDKRJ\DQ\HOYLYiOWR]iVWOpQ\HJLOHJQHPEHIRO\iVRO KDWMD D WXGDWRV HPEHUL FVHOHNYpV(]SHUV]HQHPDQQDNWDJDGiVDKRJ\DQ\HOYLYiOWR]iVHPEHUL SURGXNWXPKLV]HQDYiOWR]iVDQQDND]HUHGPpQ\HKRJ\D]HJ\pQLPHJQ\LODWNR]iVRNVRUiQPLOOL iUGQ\LNRQYHUJHQVYiODV]WiVW|UWpQLN$]RQEDQD]HPEHUHN~J\KR]]iNOpWUHW|UWpQHOPNHWKRJ\

HUUO QLQFV WXGRPiVXN V QHP WXGMiN D]W VHP KRJ\ SRQWRVDQ PLW LV WHV]QHN ËJ\ D Q\HOYL WXGDW DODSYHWHQWXGDWWDODQIRO\DPDWRNUDYRQDWNR]LNDWXGDWRVViJD]RNDWDIHOWpWHOHNHWKR]]DOpWUHDPH O\HNDV]iPiUDHOpUKHWHWOHQLOOHWYHIHOIRJKDWDWODQYiOWR]iVRNHOIRJDGiViUDWHUMHV]WpVpUHpViOWDOi QRVtWiViUDYRQDWNR]QDN$PLNRU+HUPDQH]WiOOtWMDQHPWDJDGMDD]HPEHULWXGDWIRQWRVViJiWHUH GHQGPpOWyViJiWYDJ\FpORULHQWiOWViJiWDIpQ\PLQWWXGMXNIHOPpUKHWHWOHQpUWpNpWNL]iUyODJD]

WN|UOYHYV|WpWVpJQHNN|V]|QKHWL+(50$1LPí

(5)

+HUPDQ-y]VHIHWDQ\HOYWXGyVWHOpJQDJ\V|WpWVpJYHWWHN|UOpOHWpEHQGHKDOiOiYDOV]HUHQ FVpQNUHQHPV]&QLNPHJD]DIpQ\DPLWP&YHLiUDV]WDQDN$GGLJEL]RQ\RVDQQHPDPtJOHV]QHN PDJ\DUQ\HOYpV]HNVOHV]PDJ\DUQ\HOYWXGRPiQ\

.2175$0,./Ï6

%~FV~)yQDJ\,YiQWyO

±

1HNHP QHPFVDN D V]DNPD V]HPSRQWMiEyO KDQHP V]HPpO\HVHQ LV IiM KRJ\ PRVW WiYR]RWW )yQDJ\,YiQeSSHQDUUyOOHYHOH]WQNUpJLYiJiV~Np]]HOtURWWOHYHOHNEHQKRJ\± OHiQ\DVHJtWVp JpYHO± V]tYHVHQHONpV]tWLDVDMiWÄ]|OGN|Q\YpW´.HGYHWNDSRWWKR]]iDPLNRUPHJWXGWD6]HQGH 7DPiVWyOKRJ\PLQGNpW6]HQGpQHND]DSiQDNpVILiQDNPHJMHOHQWLO\HQÄ]|OGN|Q\YH´0RVW PiUHUUHFVDNDNNRUNHUOKHWVRUWDOiQKDOHV]HJ\UHWURVSHNWtYVRUR]DW

)yQDJ\,YiQHJ\HGOiOOyMHOHQVpJYROWVLNHUOWQHNLRO\DQpOHWSiO\iWEHIXWQLDPHO\QHNVRUiQ HJ\V]HUUH W|EE SDUDGLJPiQ N t Y  O P&N|G|WW ~J\ KRJ\ D SDUDGLJPiQ E H O  O L H N LV PHJLUL J\HOKHWWpNDPDJ\DUDQpPHWpVDIUDQFLDDQ\DQ\HOYLSDUDGLJPiQDQ\HOYpV]IRQHWLNXVpVD]

LURGDOPiUP&YpV]SDUDGLJPiQDQ\HOYSV]LFKROyJXVpVDSV]LFKRDQDOLWLNXVSDUDGLJPiQDNXWDWy LQWp]HWLpVHJ\HWHPLSDUDGLJPiQDV]HPLRWLNXVpVDSRpWLNDNXWDWySDUDGLJPiQDEHV]pGNXWDWypV D]HPEHUNXWDWySDUDGLJPiQD]HPSLULNXVNXWDWypVDPiVRNNXWDWiVDLWV]LQWHWL]iOySDUDGLJPiMiQ YpJODWiUVDGDORPMDYtWypVDPHQHNOSDUDGLJPiQ$QDJ\NtYOiOOyYROW'HKRJ\SR]LWtYPHJ IRJDOPD]iVW DMiQOKDVVDN IHO PHJSUyEiOWDP |VV]HIRJODOQL HJ\HWOHQ V]HUNH]HWEHQ KRJ\ PRVWPiU PL OHKHWQHD]GLV]FLSOLQiULVKHO\H D ] H P E H U L p OV ] y Q D N I L O R ] y I L D L V ] L Q W& N X W D W y M D Y R O W $]HPEHULOpQ\HJHWNXWDWWD

)|OWHKHWHQ D UyOD PHJHPOpNH]IRQHWLNXV SiO\DWiUVDL WDQtWYiQ\DL V]DNV]HU&HQ HOPRQGMiN PDMGKRJ\D]GLV]FLSOtQiMXNEDQPLWDONRWRWW)yQDJ\,YiQeQHJ\pEV]HPSRQWRNEyOSUyEiORN KR]]iMiUXOQLDKKR]KRJ\QpKiQ\ID]HWWiWMREEDQPHJLVPHUKHVVNHEEODPDJDiOWDOFVLV]ROWJ\p PiQWIHOOHWEO

+D D YLOiJ EpNpVHQ IHMOG|WW YROQD DNNRU WDOiQ QHP LV OHKHWHWW YROQD NHGYH]EE VWDUW KHO\]HWHYDODNLQHNPLQWHJ\RO\DQEXGDSHVWLpStWpV]FVDOiGMiEDQDKROHJ\V]HUUHYROWMHOHQDWX GRPiQ\DP&YpV]HWpVDIYiURVNpSLYLOiJiUDLVKDWiVVDOOHYP&V]DNLDONRWiV(]]HODKiWWpUUHO )yQDJ\ ,YiQ3iUL]VEDQNH]GWHHONRPRO\± RUYRVL± VW~GLXPDLWDPHO\HNHWD]WiQDKiERU~PLDWW IpOEHKDJ\RWW,WWKRQHJ\PiVLNRUV]iJIRJDGWDDPHO\QHNDIHQ\HJHWOpJN|UpW.ROR]VYiURWWWXGWD iWYpV]HOQL=ROQDL%pOD)UDQFLD1\HOYpV,URGDORP7DQV]pNpQHNN|]HOpEHQ)yQDJ\,YiQH]HNEHQ D]pYHNEHQWHWWHN|]]pHOVN|Q\YpW:DZLUL3ULPLWtYQpSHNN|OWpV]HWH%SDPHO\PpJ KDUPLQFpYYHONpVEELVNHUHVHWWN|Q\YYROWDIHNHWHSLDFRQEHQLVPLQWVRNDQPiVRNLV DNLNQHNpOHWHYHV]pO\EHQIRUJRWWyULiVLRSWLPL]PXVVDOYiUWDD]~MpVV]HEEYLOiJRW(OPRQGWD KRJ\DUUyOiOPRGRWWDIDOXVLDNV]iPiUDLVHOpUKHWYpWHV]LDSV]LFKRDQDOt]LVWDPHO\QHNDIRQWRVVi JiUyOPHJYROWJ\]GYHDPLQGHQQDSLpOHWEHQLV

$)YiURVL.|Q\YWiUEDNHUOWÄIN|Q\YWiURVQDN´HPHOOHWW±EHQD0DJ\DU7XGRPi Q\RV7DQiFVQDNDPHO\D0DJ\DU7XGRPiQ\RV$NDGpPLD~MMiDODNXOiVDHOWWP&N|G|WWQ\HOYpV]

UHIHUHQVHYROWH]WN|YHWHQNHUOWD]07$1\HOYWXGRPiQ\L,QWp]HWpQEHOOPHJDODNXOWDIRQHWLNDL ODERUDWyULXPED (]HNUH D] pYHNUH YLVV]DHPOpNH]YH HOPRQGWD KRJ\ PpJ WXGRPiQ\RVWLV]WYLVHO NRUiEDQKRJ\DQSUyEiOWWLOWDNR]QLDN|Q\YHNLQGH[UHWHYpVHHOOHQ

(NNRULEDQSiUKX]DPRVDQWDQXOWDDIRQHWLNDLV]DNPiWFVLV]ROJDWWDIUDQFLDQ\HOYW|UWpQHWLtUi VDLWP&IRUGtWiVRNDWNpV]tWHWWpVOHNWRUiOWROYDVRWWpVYLWi]RWWNLFVLQ\EDUiWLN|UpQEHOOULWNDQDJ\

JRQGRW IRUGtWRWW J\HUPHNHLQHN ± HJpV] ~MV]HU&± QHYHOpVpUH YpJO ± YRQDNRGYD ± UpV]W YHWW D]

Hivatkozások

KAPCSOLÓDÓ DOKUMENTUMOK

$] HOLVPHUWVpJ D]W MHOHQWL KRJ\ PDJDV V]tQYRQDO~ D NpS]pV NLYiOyDN D] HOKHO\H]- NHGpVL OHKHWĘVpJHN D] LWW V]HU]HWW GLSORPi- YDOLOOHWYHKRJ\D]LQWp]PpQ\DPXQNDDGyN N|UpEHQ LV

N¸UQ\«NLKHO\HNV]HUHSH«VMHOHQWēV«JHMµYDOQDJ\REEOHKHWHWWD]RWW«OWODNRVRN V]£P£UD$V]£PRNEµOU£Q«]«VUHPLQGHQSRQWRVDEEV]£P¯WJDW£VRNQ«ON¾OLV NLGHU¾O KRJ\ D Y¯]UDM]L

$ IēRUYRVQē £OWDO£EDQ UHȵHNW£O D] HJ\HV YLV]RQ\ODWRNEDQ D Q«YV]µL PHJ V]µO¯W£VRN OHKHWēV«JHLUH «V PHJN«UGH]L D EHWHJHW KRJ\ KRJ\DQ V]µO¯WKDWMD (] D JHV]WXV RO\DQ

˜VV]HJH]YH D Q\HOY«V]HWL NXWDW£VRNDW WHK£W HOPRQGKDWµ KRJ\ D KXPRU

«V NLGROJR]RWW Q\HOYKDV]Q£ODW¼ £PGH KL£Q\RV IHOHOHWHW SURGXN£Oµ WDQXOµQ£O YROWMHOOHP]ēDNLUēOV]LJQLȴN£QVDQSQDJ\REEDU£Q\EDQIHOW«WHOH]W«N KRJ\ V]HUHWL D Q\HOYWDQ W£UJ\DW PLQW

.DOFVµ *\XOD $] HODWLYXVL GHODWLYXVL «V DEODWLYXVL UDJRN YL]VJ£ODWD D PDJ\DU Q\HOYij Q\RPWDWRWW ¯U£VEHOLV«J HOVē I«O V]£]DG£EDQ Magyar Nyelv Ȃ. .DOFVµ*\XODA

(]HQ DGDWRN DODSM£Q WHK£W D KLSRW«]LV PLV]HULQW D EHV]«OēN D] DQ\D

$ WXODMGRQQ«YL HUHGHWij PDJ\DU V]OHQJV]DYDN HVHW«EHQ ȴJ\HOHPUH P«OWµ