• Nem Talált Eredményt

+HUPDQ-y]VHIHPOpNH]HWH í

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Ossza meg "+HUPDQ-y]VHIHPOpNH]HWH í"

Copied!
8
0
0

Teljes szövegt

(1)

$ V]yFLNNHN IHOpStWpVH D N|YHWNH] D V]DYDNQiO D] XNUiQ PHJIHOHON HOWW WDOiOKDWyN D V]yFLNNIHMEHQOpYQ\HOYWDQLUDJR]iVLLQIRUPiFLyNDV]yIDMLEHVRUROiVpVDIRJDORPN|ULEHVRUROiV SOHJ\OHWHWHHNlh\Zjbkl\h\Z]mjlhdldZh[¶}^gZggyggykiedZdbUHOep

$W|EEHVV]iP~ELUWRNRVHVHW&DODNRNLVIHOYDQQDNWQWHWYHkbjhlZ±lbkbjlgh]Zgh]bg]

eZiZeZibeZi$PDJ\DUSROLWLNiEDQHOIRUGXOyPR]DLNV]DYDNSO).*3XNUiQPHJIHOHOMHLV KHO\HWNDSDV]yWiUEDQG_aZe_`gZiZjly^j[gbo]hkih^Zj\

0HJiOODStWKDWMXNKRJ\DV]yWiUDPDLHOYiUiVRNQDNpVLJpQ\HNQHNPHVV]HPHQOHJPHJIHOHO V EiWUDQ DMiQOKDWy PLQGD]RNQDN DNLN D] XNUiQ Q\HOYHW WDQXOMiN YDJ\ D]]DO FVDN H]XWiQ IRJQDN PHJLVPHUNHGQL$V]yWiUNXOFVIRQWRVViJ~DSROLWLNDLJD]GDViJLpVNXOWXUiOLVNDSFVRODWRNDODNtWi ViEDQUpV]WYHYNV]iPiUDLV$NiUSiWDOMDLPDJ\DUN|]|VVpJKH]WDUWR]YDWDSDV]WDODWEyOiOOtWKDWRP KRJ\VRNLWWNLVHEEVpJEHQpOPDJ\DUV]iPiUDH]DV]yWiUIRJOHKHWVpJHWQ\~MWDQLD]iOODPQ\HOY HOVDMiWtWiViKR]DPLKH]± SDUDGR[PyGRQ± D]XNUiQiOODPQHPEL]WRVtWMDDIHOWpWHOHNHW

-HOHQLVPHUWHWpVPHJtUiVDXWiQMXWRWWHOKR]]iQN.iUSiWDOMiUDLVDKtUKRJ\8GYDUL,VWYiQ SURIHVV]RU~UD]XNUiQ±PDJ\DUpVDUXV]LQ±PDJ\DUQ\HOYLW|UWpQHOPLpVP&YHOGpVLNDSFVRODWRN IiUDGKDWDWODQ NXWDWyMD QRYHPEHU pQ KRVV]~ V~O\RV EHWHJVpJ XWiQ HOKXQ\W $ NiUSiWDOMDL PDJ\DURNpVUXV]LQRNHJ\DUiQWLJD]EDUiWMXNDWJ\iV]ROMiNEHQQH&VDNUHPpQ\NHGQLOHKHWDEEDQ KRJ\ PXQNDWiUVDL pV WDQtWYiQ\DL WRYiEEYLV]LN D] iOWDOD PHJNH]GHWW PXQNiW V D PRVW PHJMHOHQW V]yWiUPiVRGLNN|WHWpWLVHOEEXWyEEXJ\DQFVDNNp]EHYHKHWMNPDMG

%È5È1<1e.20È5,(5=6e%(7

7 È 5 6 $ 6 È * , h * < ( .

$0DJ\DU1\HOYWXGRPiQ\L7iUVDViJN|]J\&OpVH

$0DJ\DU1\HOYWXGRPiQ\L7iUVDViJGHFHPEHUpQD0DJ\DU7XGRPiQ\RV$NDGpPLD V]pNKi]iEDQWDUWRWWDPHJHJ\EHQWLV]W~MtWyN|]J\&OpVpW

%HQN/RUiQGGY|]|OWHDPHJMHOHQWHNHWVIHONpUWHDN|]J\&OpVLHODGiVPHJWDU WiViUD% DF ] H U R Z V N L - D Q X V ] SURIHVV]RUW$]HODGiVÄ$Q\HOYLNpUGpVpVD](X UySDL8QLy´FtPPHOKDQJ]RWWHO

$] HODGiV XWiQ . L V V - H Q IWLWNiU WHUMHV]WHWWH HOMHOHQWpVpW D 7iUVDViJ pYL P&N|GpVpUO

7LV]WHOW.|]J\&OpV,OOKRJ\EHV]iPROyPHOHMpQKDU|YLGHQLVHPOpNH]HWQNEHLGp]

]HPD7iUVDViJMXELOHXPiW0iUFVDND]pUWLVPHUWN|]YHWOHQON|]J\&OpVQNHOWWYROWDND]

QQHSLHVHPpQ\HNtJ\D]RNUyODWDYDO\LN|]J\&OpVLMHOHQWpVQHPV]yOKDWRWW$FHQWHQiULXPLQ QHSVpJ HVHPpQ\HL QHPFVDN D] HOVpYV]i]DGIRQWRVDEEW|UWpQpVHLWpVV]HPpO\LVpJHLWLGp]WpNI|O KDQHP± D]HVHPpQ\HNLGEHOLGLPHQ]LyMiWN|]HOKR]YiQ± pU]pNHOWHWWpND]LGJ\RUVP~OiViWLV

$ÄV]iUQ\DVLG´± KRJ\%HU]VHQ\LV]pS+RUDWLXVXWiQN|OWpVpWLGp]]HPÄ2KDV]iUQ\DVLGKLUWH OHQHOUHSOVPLQGHQPtYHW&QV]iUQ\DN|UOOHEHJ´± tPHWVWpQWQHNLOiWRWWD]~MSHQ]XPDEV]RO YiOiViQDNKLV]HQD]~MWiUVDViJLpYV]i]DGEyOHJ\HV]WHQGWPiULVPDJXQNP|J|WWWXGKDWXQN7XG YDOpY D FHQWHQiULXPL QQHSVpJJHO |VV]HIJJPLQGHQ IRQWRV KtU HODGiV pV N|V]|QWpV í

$N|]J\&OpVLEHV]iPROy|VV]HiOOtWiViEDQYiOODOWV]HUHSppUW)DUNDV7DPiVQDNWDUWR]RPN|

V]|QHWWHO

/MHOHQV]iPXQNEDQ±

(2)

IRQWRVViJiQDNPHJIHOHOHQíPHJMHOHQWD0DJ\DU1\HOYLGHLHOVV]iPiEDQH]pUWHOHJHQGHKHO\W DUiMXNYDOyXWDOiV01\±$FHQWHQiULXPLOpVUOD0DJ\DU1\HOYW|U|NSiUMiEDQ D7UN'LOLEHQLVPHJMHOHQWDWiMpNR]WDWiVWLV]WHOHWLWDJXQNQDN+$6$1(5(1SURIHVV]RUQDNDWROOi EyO0DFDU'LO%LOLPL'HUQHJL<DVLQGD7UN'LOL±$FHQWHQiULXPKR]N|]YHWHW WHQ NDSFVROyGy |UYHQGHWHV WpQ\ KRJ\ 7iUVDViJXQNQDN WDYDO\ GHFHPEHUEHQ RGDtWpOWpN D 0DJ\DU gU|NVpJ 'tMDW $ NLWQWHW RNOHYHOHW QQHSpO\HV Q\LOYiQRV iWDGiVL QQHSVpJHQ GHFHPEHU iQD]$NDGpPLDGtV]WHUPpEHQ%HQN/RUiQGHOQ|NpV.LVV-HQIWLWNiUYHWWHiW$]iWDGiVDO NDOPiYDOHOKDQJ]RWWODXGiFLyWOe'(5=2/7È101\±

9iODV]WPiQ\LOpVQNV]RNiVV]HULQWKiURPYROWHJ\WDYDVV]DOpVNHWW VV]HO7DJIHOYpWHO pVDNLDGYiQ\RNNpUGpVHPLQGLJQDSLUHQGLSRQWYROWV]yWHMWHWWQND]HJULNRQIHUHQFLDHONpV]OH WHLUODWLV]W~MtWyN|]J\&OpVHONpV]tWpVpUOpVWiMpNR]WDWiVWKDOOJDWWXQNPHJDUUyOKRJ\PHJV]&

QEHQYDQQDNNLDGYiQ\DLQNHOKHO\H]pVLJRQGMDL0HJEHV]pOWNDWDJGtMDNHPHOpVpQHNNpUGpVpWD]W LVKiQ\HPOpNpUPHWpVGtMDWDGXQNNLLGpQ.LNOGWNDEL]RWWViJRNDW(J\KHWHPHJEHV]pOWNpV YpJOHJHVtWHWWNDN|]J\&OpVHOpNHUODWLV]WLNDUUDpVDYiODV]WPiQ\|VV]HWpWHOpUHYRQDWNR]yMD YDVODWRNDW$3DLVHPOpNpUHPpVGtMRGDtWpOpVpUHMDYDVODWRWWHYEL]RWWViJHOQ|NHgUG|J)HUHQF WDJMDL*HUVWQHU.iURO\+RIIPDQQ,VWYiQ.i]PpU0LNOyVpV.RURPSD\.OiUD$&V&U\EL]RWWViJ HOQ|NH+DMG~0LKiO\WDJMDLSHGLJ%DORJK/DMRV1)RGRU-iQRV0ROQiU=ROWiQ3RVJD\,OGLNy 6]DEy -y]VHI LOOHWOHJ D SiO\i]DWRNDW EtUiOyN %DOi]V *p]D )RGRU .DWDOLQ +HJHG&V $WWLOD pV 5DiW]-XGLW$WLV]W~MtWiVUDMDYDVODWRWWHYEL]RWWViJHOQ|NH6]DWKPiUL,VWYiQWDJMDL%DF]HURZVNL -DQXV]%pNpVL,PUHeGHU=ROWiQ*DGiQ\L.iURO\+RIIPDQQ,VWYiQe.LVV.DWDOLQpV3pWHU0L KiO\ $ PHJHPOpNH]pVL EL]RWWViJ HOQ|NH (OHNIL /iV]Oy WDJMDL %DF]HURZVNL -DQXV] *XWWPDQQ 0LNOyV+HVVN\5HJLQD.HV]OHU%RUEiOD

$PLUHQGH]YpQ\HLQNHWLOOHWL(JHUEHQDILVNROD0DJ\DU1\HOYpV]HWL7DQV]pNH7iUVDVi JXQNNDO pV D] $Q\DQ\HOYiSROyN 6]|YHWVpJpYHO WiUVUHQGH]pVEHQ V]HUYH]WH PHJ RNWyEHU pQ D]

HUHGPpQ\HVHQ]iUXOW,,HJULNLHMWpVLNRQIHUHQFLiWVH]HQWiUVDViJXQNWDJMDLN|]OW|EEHQLVWDUWRW WDN HODGiVW $GDPLNQp -iV]y $QQD %iFVL -iQRV %DOi]V *p]D %HQFpG\ -y]VHI %ROOD .iOPiQ

%yQD-XGLW%XYiUL0iUWD'HPH/iV]Oy*HUVWQHU.iURO\*yV\0iULD.HUHNHV%DUQDEiV0DUNy

$OH[DQGUD 0pV]iURV $QGUiV 1RYiN $WWLOD 5R]JRQ\LQp 0ROQiU (PPD 7ROFVYDL 1DJ\ *iERU :DFKD,PUHpV=LPiQ\LÈUSiG=LPiQ\LÈUSiGpNWHUYH]LND]HODGiVRNPHJMHOHQWHWpVpWSiO\i]WDN LVH]J\EHQVDMQRVD]RQEDQD]HOQ\HUWSiO\i]DWRNN|]|WWE|OFVpV]HJ\VHPYROW1\LOYiQD]pUW PHUWN|]YHWOHQQpSJD]GDViJLKDV]RQQHPV]iUPD]QpNHJ\LNHODGiVEyOVHP$]HODGiVRNDWHUYHN V]HULQWD]HJULILVNRODpYN|Q\YpEHQMHOHQQHNPHJ=LPiQ\LÈUSiGV]HUNHV]WpVpEHQ6HEHVW\pQÈU SiGOHNWRUiOiViYDO

$0DJ\DUV]DNRV]WiO\1pYWDQLWDJR]DWDNLKHO\H]HWWYiQGRUJ\&OpVWWDUWRWWD)HOYLGpNHQ 1\LWUiQPiMXV±iQ$0DJ\DUQ\HOYLV]DNRV]WiO\0DJ\DUWDQiULWDJR]DWDSiUMiWULWNtWyDNWLYL WiVVDONH]GWHHOP&N|GpVpW2NWyEHUpQWiUVV]HUYH]NpQWHJ\V]LÄ6]|YHJpUWpV± JUDPPDWLND´

FtP& V]DNPDL QDS UHQGH]pVpEHQ YHWW UpV]W DPHO\HQ QDJ\ V]iPEDQ V]iP V]HULQW DQ YHWWHN UpV]WWDQtWyNPDJ\DUWDQiURNV]HNFLyHODGiVSOHQiULVHODGiVKDQJ]RWWHO6]DNRV]WiO\LHO DGiVD]HOP~OWpYEHQYROWD0DJ\DUD]ÈOWDOiQRVQ\HOYpV]HWLV]DNRV]WiO\UHQGH]pVpEHQ$]

HODGyN LGEHOL VRUUHQGEHQ D N|YHWNH]N YROWDN .HUWpV] $QGUiV +RIIPDQQ ,VWYiQ +XQ\DGL /iV]Oy$QWDOQp6]DEyÈJQHV7iWUDL6]LOiUG3pWHU0LKiO\%RGy&VDQiGpV9DUJKD)UX]VLQD6iUD 9DUJD/iV]Oy:DFKD,PUHpV8UD\-XGLW1)RGRU-iQRV

9LGpNLFVRSRUWMDLQNHGGLJEHpUNH]HWWEHV]iPROyLDODSMiQD]WPRQGKDWRPGHEUHFHQLFVRSRU WXQNEDQHODGiVWV]HUYH]WHND]HODGyN3HWK*HUJHO\6]DEy&VDEDpV=HOOLJHU(U]VpEHWYRO WDNGHPLQGHJ\LNFVRSRUWWDJMDLDNWtYVWPHJKDWiUR]yV]HUHSHWMiWV]DQDN$0DJ\DU1\HOY+HWp QHNQ\iULHJ\HWHPHNQHNQ\HOYLYRQDWNR]iV~NRQIHUHQFLiNQDNpVHPOpNOpVHNQHNDUHQGH]pVpEHQ YDJ\WiUVUHQGH]pVpEHQLOOHWOHJHODGiVRNWDUWiViEDQ0LQGH]HQDONDOPDNDWXGRPiQ\RVLVPHUHW WHUMHV]WpVIRQWRVIyUXPDL

(3)

$WXGRPiQ\RVpVNXOWXUiOLVWHUOHWHNHWLVpULQWHOYRQiVRNpU]pNHQ\HQpULQWLNDWXGRPi Q\RVWiUVDViJRNDW0LQGDWiUVDViJRNP&N|GWHWpVpQHNPLQGDIRO\yLUDWRNNLDGiViQDNDNDGpPLDL WiPRJDWiVDFV|NNHQWLGpQVDMHOHNEOtWpOYHM|YUHLVFV|NNHQLIRJ(EEHQDKHO\]HWEHQIRNR]RW WDQV]NVpJYROQDDWDJGtMDNEHIL]HWpVpUHVWLGEHQW|UWpQEHIL]HWpVNUH+DGGHPOtWVHPPHJ DODSV]DEiO\XQND]WPRQGMDNLKRJ\PLQGHQpYPiUFLXVpLJEHNHOOIL]HWQLDWDJGtMDNDW.LDGiVD LQNDWDSRVWDLGtMWpWHOHNHPHONHGpVHPHOOHWWD]LVQ|YHOLKRJ\DV]RUXOWKHO\]HWEHQOHYE|OFVpV]NDU HJ\LGHMHEpUOHWLGtMDWV]HGWOQNMHOHQOHJIRULQWRWQHJ\HGpYHQNpQW0HJHPOtWHPD]WLV KRJ\DFHQWHQiULXPPDO|VV]HIJJHONHUOKHWHWOHQN|OWVpJHNEHOHpUWYHD]WLVKRJ\PLQGHJ\LNHP OpNpUPHW pV GtMDW NLRV]WRWWXN WDYDO\ PHJWHUKHOWpN D NLDGiVLROGDOW9iODV]WPiQ\XQN~J\G|QW|WW KRJ\DWDJGtMDNDWDM|YpYWOPHJHPHOLDNWtYWHKiWWHOMHViOOiVEDQOHYIHOQWWHNWDJGtMD Q\XJGtMDVRNpGLiNRNpSHGLJIRULQWOHV]7XGMXNH]DW|EELWDJGtMKR]NpSHVWPpJPLQGLJ QDJ\RQDODFVRQ\± SHUV]HHQQHNHOOHQpUHQHPDNDUXQNYHUVHQ\H]QLVHQNLYHOVHPD]HPHOpVEHQ-y KtUYLV]RQWKRJ\D0DJ\DU1\HOYHOIL]HWpVLGtMDYiOWR]DWODQPDUDGD]D]IRULQWHJ\pYUH$

V]HPpO\L M|YHGHOHPDGy HJ\ V]i]DOpNiEyO V]iUPD]y WiUVDViJL EHYpWHO IRULQW $] DGRPi Q\R]yNQDNH]~WWDOLVN|V]|QHWHWPRQGXQND]pUWKRJ\D7iUVDViJRWtJ\LVWiPRJDWMiNPHUWHUUHD WiPRJDWiVUDEL]RQ\UiV]RUXOXQN$7iUVDViJJDONDSFVRODWRVSpQ]J\HNLQWp]pVHHJ\UHLQNiEEVSH FLiOLVV]DNPDLLVPHUHWHNHWNtYiQ%DNRQ\LQp7yWK*DEULHOODDGPLQLV]WUiWRUXQNQDNN|V]|QHWWHOWDU WR]XQNHEEpOLWHYpNHQ\VpJppUWLV

)RO\DPDWEDQYDQD]LPPiUHONHUOKHWHWOHQWDJUHYt]Ly(]D]WMHOHQWLKRJ\DNLPXWDWiVXQN V]HULQWLWDJRNiOWDOXQNLVPHUWFtPpUHNLNOGWQNHJ\&UODSRWDPHO\D]HOpUKHWVpJHNHWSRVWDLpV HOHNWURQLNXV FtPHN WHOHIRQV]iP WXGDNROy V QpKiQ\ WRYiEEL NpUGpVW WDUWDOPD]RWW 6DMQRV VRNDQ QHP YiODV]ROWDN 0LQWKRJ\ D SRVWDL N|]YHWtWpV QHP W&QLN EL]WRVQDN D YiODV]W QHP DGyN ~MEyOL PHJNHUHVpVpWIRQWROJDWMXN(J\HOUHWHKiWFVDNDQQ\LWWXGRNEL]RQ\RVViJJDOiOOtWDQLKRJ\WDYDO\

~MWDJJDOJ\DUDSRGWXQNHOVVRUEDQD0DJ\DUV]DNRV]WiO\0DJ\DUWDQiULWDJR]DWiEDV]HUYH]G PDJ\DUV]DNRVWDQiURNQDNN|V]|QKHWHQKRJ\HOKDOiOR]iVRNUpYpQPHQQ\LYHOIRJ\WXQNQpJ\HQ KXQ\WDNHOLOOHWOHJKRJ\DNpUGtYYLVV]DNOGpVpYHOHQMHOH]WpNKRJ\WDJViJXNDWDM|YEHQ LVIHQQWDUWMiN

,GpQ LV W|EEHNHW N|V]|QWKHWWQNNHUHNpYIRUGXOyNRNiQ)HEUXiULYiODV]WPiQ\LOpVQN|Q V]OHWpVQDSMiQDNEHW|OWpVHXWiQN|V]|QW|WWN6]DWKPiUL,VWYiQWDOHOQ|NQNHWDNLKRVV]~pYH NHQiWIWLWNiUNpQWV]ROJiOWDLPPiURQSHGLJPDMGQHPNpWpYWL]HGHDOHOQ|NNpQWVHJtWLD7iUVDViJRW +RIIPDQQ2WWyV]OHWpVQDSMiQDNPHJQQHSOpVHDSpFVLFVRSRUWOpVpQYROW6]DNRV]WiO\LOp VHQN|V]|QW|WWNDpYHV)HKpU(U]VpEHWHW+Q\L(GpWpV8UD\-XGLWRW$]XWyEELQQHSOpVQHP V]RNYiQ\RV NHUHWHN N|]|WW ]DMORWW D] QQHSHOWDNLPDJ\DUWDQiUEHV]pGWDQiUpVHODGyLVPDJD DMiQGpNR]RWWPHJEHQQQNHWHJ\HPOpNH]HWHVHQV]pSYHUVPRQGyHVWWHO-y]VHI$WWLODpV ÈSULO\/D MRV YHUVHLQHN HODGiViYDO /HYpOEHQ WDJWiUVXQNDW N|V]|QW|WWN NHUHN pYIRUGXOyN NDSFViQ DpYHV=DOD0iULiWYDODPLQWDpOHWpYpWEHW|OW%HUpQ\L=VX]VDQQiWpV1\LUNRV7LERUW

,GpQQpJ\WDJWiUVXQNHOKXQ\WiUyOpUWHVOWQN0HJKDOW+HUPDQ-y]VHIYiODV]WPiQ\LWDJXQN D]~MODWLQQ\HOYWXGRPiQ\DW|UWpQHWLpViOWDOiQRVQ\HOYpV]HWQHP]HWN|]LKtU&WXGyVD%iQKLGL=RO WiQQpKDLYiODV]WPiQ\LWDJXQNHJ\VSRUWQ\HOYLPRQRJUiILDV]HU]MHVDPDJ\DUPLQWLGHJHQQ\HOY RNWDWiViQDNHJ\LN~WW|UMH8GYDUL,VWYiQYiODV]WPiQ\LWDJXQNDV]OiYILOROyJLDWHUPpNHQ\DIRU UiVNLDGiVEDQLVpOHQMiUyP&YHOMHDNLQHNSiO\iMDLGHOWWV]DNDGWPHJ09HOHQ\iN=VyILDDNL WOPLQWD](/7()LQQXJRU7DQV]pNpQHNQpSV]HU&RNWDWyMiWyOVRNKDOOJDWyWDQXOWDPHJDPDJ\DU Q\HOYILQQXJRUViJiW

.LDGYiQ\DLQNN|]OHOVKHO\HQD0DJ\DU1\HOYHWHPOtWHPPLQWRO\DQIRO\yLUDWRWDPHO\

YiOWR]DWODQXOLJpQ\HVV]HUNHV]WpVEHQYiOWR]DWRVWDUWDOP~N|]OHPpQ\HNNHOpVLGEHQMHOHQLNPHJ

$YLOiJKiOyQHOpUKHWYiOWR]DWiWD]XWyEELpYEHQDONDORPPDOOiWRJDWWiNPHJD]ROYDVyN 7iUVDViJXQNVRUR]DWiEDQDN|YHWNH]N|WHWHNMHOHQWHNPHJDOHJXWyEELN|]J\&OpVyWD=LODKL/DMRV Ä3VS|NODGiQ\L WiMV]yWiU´ 01\7. V] pV .LUiO\ /DMRV Ä6RPRJ\±]DODL Q\HOYDWODV]´

01\7.V]FtP&PXQNiL0HJHPOtWHPKRJ\6DMWRV-y]VHIWDYDO\PHJMHOHQWÄ6iUYt]

(4)

PHQWLQ\HOYDWODV]´FtP&PXQNiMiW6]DWKPiUL,VWYiQiSULOLVpQPXWDWWDEH6]pNHVIHKpUYi URQQpSHVKDOOJDWyViJHOWWD.RGROiQ\L-iQRV)LVNROiQ7iMpNR]WDWRPDWLV]WHOWWDJViJRWDUUyO KRJ\IRO\DPDWEDQYDQNLDGYiQ\DLQNOHOWiUR]iVD$E|OFVpV]NDUQDND0~]HXPN|U~WUDYDOyN|OW|

]pVHXWiQPRVWMXWRWWXQNYpJUHDEEDDKHO\]HWEHKRJ\DNLDGYiQ\RNDWHJ\KHO\HQUHQGH]HWWHQHO WXGMXNKHO\H]QL$N|]HOM|YEHQHONpV]ODOHOWiUVSRQWRVDQWXGQLIRJMXNPHO\N|WHWHNIRJ\WDN HOVPHO\EOKiQ\SpOGiQ\iOODUHQGHONH]pVQNUH.pV]tWQNUyOXNOLVWiWDPHO\HQD]HJ\HVN|WH WHNPHJMHOHQpVLLGHMpUOYiViUROKDWyViJiUyOLOOHWOHJiUiUyODGXQNWiMpNR]WDWiVW$NLDGYiQ\RNHO KHO\H]pVpYHO ~MUD OHKHWYp YiOLN UHQGV]HUHV YiViUOiVXN LV (PLDWW LOOHWOHJ D V]ROJiOWDWiVRN HO PR]GtWiVDpUGHNpEHQUHQGV]HUHVtWHWWQDSRNRQpVLGSRQWRNEDQNHGGHQDIHOROYDVyOpVHNHOWW±

pVFVW|UW|N|Q±yUDN|]|WWWDJWiUVDLQNDWiUVDViJLV]REiEDQ0~]HXPNUW$,,,HPHOHW V]REDDGPLQLV]WUiWRUXQNQiOLQWp]KHWLNWiUVDViJLJ\HLNHWDNLDGYiQ\YiViUOiVWDWDJGtMEHIL]H WpVW EHMHOHQWpVHNHW MDYDVODWRNDW WHKHWQHN MHOHQWNH]pVL ODSRNDW V]HUH]KHWQHN EH pV tJ\ WRYiEE 0LQGHUUON|YHWNH]PHJKtYyQNEDQLOOHWOHJD0DJ\DU1\HOYEHQYDODPLQWDUHPpQ\HLQNV]HULQW U|YLGHVHQHONpV]tWHQGWiUVDViJLKRQODSRQLVWiMpNR]WDWiVWDGXQNËPpOFtPQN|QEiUPHO\NpUGpVVHO D7iUVDViJKR]IRUGXOKDWQDNWDJMDLQNpVD]pUGHNOGNOHKHWSpOGiXOHOUHMHOH]QLPHO\NLDGYiQ\RNDW NtYiQMiNEHV]HUH]QLKRJ\DNpUWN|WHWHNHWDGPLQLV]WUiWRUXQNHONpV]tWKHVVHDN|Q\YHNXJ\DQLVD]

pSOHWHJpV]HQPiVKHO\pQYDQQDN7iMpNR]WDWyODSRWLVWHUYH]QNNpV]tWHQLDPHO\D7iUVDViJUyO DIRQWRVSUDNWLNXVWXGQLYDOyNDWWDUWDOPD]]DPDMG

1RYHPEHULYiODV]WPiQ\LOpVQN|QG|QW|WWQND]HPOpNpUPHNpVGtMDNRGDtWpOpVpUO (UUOPDMGHOQ|NQNWOIRJXQNW|EEHWPHJWXGQL0~OWKHWLYiODV]WPiQ\LOpVQN|QDEEDQPDUDG WXQNKRJ\PLYHOD]LGW~OOpSHWWUDMWDQHPNO|QtWQNHORO\DQFVRSRUWRWKRJ\ÄDYiODV]WPiQ\

V]DYD]DWLMRJ~PHJKtYRWWNOI|OGLLOOHWOHJNOI|OG|QGROJR]yWDJMDL´7HOMHVMRJ~WDJNpQWMDYDVRO MXNYLV]RQWDV]RPV]pGRVRUV]iJRNPDJ\DUQ\HOYLP&KHO\HLLURGiLYH]HWLQHNYiODV]WPiQ\XQNEDYDOy I|OYpWHOpW$YiODV]WPiQ\LOpVHQDWLV]W~MtWiVUDMDYDVODWRWWHYEL]RWWViJHOQ|NpQHN6]DWKPiUL,VW YiQDOHOQ|NQHNDMHOHQWpVHHOWWHOQ|NQN%HQN/RUiQGDN|YHWNH]EHMHOHQWpVWWHWWH

Ä6]HUHWQpPEHMHOHQWHQLD]WDPLWDNLNOG|WWMHO|OEL]RWWViJQDN± HOQ|NpQNHUHV]WO± NRUiE EDQWXGRPiViUDKR]WDPPiUKRJ\WXGQLLOOLNDMHOHQFLNOXVYpJpQDEEDNtYiQRPKDJ\QLHOQ|NLWH YpNHQ\VpJHPHW

eYHNNHOH]HOWWV~O\RVEHWHJVpJEHHVWHP$]yWDW|EEV]|ULVMHOH]WHPIWLWNiUXQNQDNKRJ\D]

HOQ|NVpJJHOMiUyIHODGDWRNHJ\UpV]pWPiUQHKH]HQOiWRPHODPLHOUHYHWtWLOHPRQGiVRPV]NVp JHVVpJpW (QQHN LGSRQWMD PHJYiODV]WiViW NpW WpQ\H]EHIRO\iVROWD UpV]HPUO (J\UpV]W 7iUVDVi JXQN N|]HOJV]i] pYHV MXELOHXPiQDN PHJpOpVH V]XEMHNWtYH VRNDW MHOHQWHWW V]iPRPUD 0iVUpV]W .LVV-HQIWLWNiU~UNLWDUWyPDUDV]WDOiVDPHO\EHQV]iPRVJ\DNRUODWLWHHQGPHOOiWiViQDNYiOODOi VDLVEHQQHIRJODOWDWRWWLGHLJOHQHVPRGXVYLYHQGLWtJpUWLVPHUYHEX]JDOPiWpViOGR]DWNpV]VpJpW 1HPDPXQNiWyOIpOWHP$NLNDWiUVDViJLJ\HN]HJpW]XJiWQHPLVPHULNWDOiQQHPLVVHMWLNKRJ\

D]HOQ|NIHODGDWN|UHQHPFVDNYiODV]WPiQ\LOpVHNpVN|]J\&OpVHNPHJWXGRPiQ\RVUHQGH]YpQ\HN PHJQ\LWiViEyOGY|]OV]DYDNHOPRQGiViEyOiOO(]DWLV]WVpJEL]RQ\VRNJRQGGDOVJ\DNUDQQDSL IHODGDWRNNDOLVMiUyIHOHOVWHYpNHQ\VpJ+DQHPNDSWDPYROQDWHKiWN|]YHWOHQN|UQ\H]HWHPWOEL]

WDWiVW WiPRJDWiVW H WHUKHOpVW EL]RQ\iUD HGGLJ VHP EtUWDP YROQD HO %HWHJVpJHPpVN|YHWNH]Pp Q\HLD]LGP~OiVDD]HQHUJLDIRJ\iVDD]RQEDQPRVWPiUYpJpUYpQ\HVHQDUUDLQWKRJ\G|QWpVH PHWQHPKDORJDWKDWRPWRYiEE$]LGHLWLV]W~MtWyN|]J\&OpVPHJIHOHODONDORPDUUDKRJ\NpUMHP DYiODV]WPiQ\WyOPDMGDN|]J\&OpVWOPHQWVHQIHOWLV]WHPEO

+iOiVDQN|V]|Q|PDVRNVHJtWVpJHWPHO\HWHOQ|NVpJHPQDJ\REEUpV]pQHNLGHMHDODWWNO|

Q|VHQSHGLJDOHJXWyEELpYHNEHQ.LVV-HQIWLWNiU~UWyONDSWDPN|V]|Q|P6]DWKPiUL,VWYiQSUR IHVV]RU~UNRUiEELHUHGPpQ\HVIWLWNiULPDMGDOHOQ|NLN|]UHP&N|GpVpWpVN|V]|Q|PDMHOHQOHJLpV PLQGHQNRUiEELYiODV]WPiQ\QDNPXQNiPWiPRJDWiViW

$7iUVDViJEDQHOW|OW|WWKDWYDQpYVHOQ|NVpJHPKDUPLQFHV]WHQGHMHDODWWEYHQYROWDONDO PDP V]RURVDQ N|WGQL D 7iUVDViJKR] PHJWDQXOQL V]tYHPHQ YLVHOQL VRUViW 7HUPpV]HWHVHQ DPLW PHJWHKHWHND7iUVDViJpUWD]WPHJWHV]HPH]XWiQLV6V]tYEONtYiQRPKRJ\D7iUVDViJDM|YEHQ

(5)

LVEHW|OWKHVVHpVEHW|OWVHNOGHWpVpWWHOMHVtWKHVVHpVWHOMHVtWVHUiKiUXOyIHODGDWiW.pUHPDWLV]WHOW YiODV]WPiQ\WIRJDGMDHOOHPRQGiVRPDW´

%HQN/RUiQGV]DYDLXWiQ.LVV-HQIWLWNiUNpUWV]yWÄ7LV]WHOW9iODV]WPiQ\gWpYYHOH]

HOWWD]DNNRULN|]J\&OpVHQH]KDQJ]RWWHODIWLWNiULMHOHQWpVEHQªNtYiQMXNKRJ\HOQ|NQN%HQN WDQiU ~U IHOpSOM|Q V PLKDPDUDEE HOIRJODOKDVVD KHO\pW N|]|WWQN© 01\ .tYiQVi JXQNWHOMHVOW%HQNWDQiU~UIHOpSOW7HOMHVOWD]DV]iQGpNXQNLVKRJ\PHJJ\]]NDUUyOOiVVD HOWRYiEEUDLVHOQ|NLIHODGDWN|UpW0RVWYLV]RQWNpQ\WHOHQHNYROWXQNPHJKDMROQLpUYHLQHNDV~O\D HOWW.pWRNRWHPHOHNNLPHUWV]iPXQNUDQDJ\RQIRQWRVDN$]HJ\LN%HQNWDQiU~UV]HUHWQHPL QpO W|EEHW LGHMpEO HQHUJLiMiEyO NHGYHV NXWDWiVL WHUOHWHLQHN WpPiLQDN V]HQWHOQL D] ÈUSiGNRU PDJ\DU Q\HOYW|UWpQHWH D V]pNHO\VpJ W|UWpQHWH pV D] $QRQ\PXVNpUGpVN|U YL]VJiODWiQDN 0LQW DPDJ\DUQ\HOYWXGRPiQ\GR\HQMHDPDJ\DUQ\HOYW|UWpQHWLNXWDWiVRNOHJQDJ\REEpOWXGyVDíPHUW HJ\NpQW NLHPHONHGLN D PDJ\DU Q\HOYW|UWpQHW D QpYWDQ pV D Q\HOYMiUiVW|UWpQHW NXWDWiViEDQ LV í RO\DQPXQNiNNDODMiQGpNR]KDWPHJEHQQQNHWDPHO\HNPiVWyOQHPUHPpOKHWN$PDJ\DUQ\HOY WXGRPiQ\QDN IRQWRV pUGHNH KRJ\ %HQN WDQiU ~U PLQpO W|EEHW PHJYDOyVtWKDVVRQ V]iQGpNDLEyO

$PiVLNRNPHJQ\XJYiVXQNUDV]ROJiOKRJ\WDSDV]WDODWDLUDE|OFVHVVpJpUHWDQiFVDLUDD7iUVDViJ PLQGHQNRULYH]HWpVHEL]WRQV]iPtWKDWDKRJ\V]iPtWLV

7LV]WHOW9iODV]WPiQ\/HJ\HQV]DEDGHJ\MDYDVODWRWWHQQHP-DYDVORPKRJ\YiODVV]DD7iU VDViJ%HQN/RUiQGRWD0DJ\DU1\HOYWXGRPiQ\L7iUVDViJWLV]WHOHWEHOLHOQ|NpYp$7iUVDViJW|U WpQHWpEHQHGGLJNpWV]HUIRUGXOWHOLO\HQMDYDVODW6]LO\.iOPiQD7iUVDViJDODStWiViEDQpVYH]HWp VpEHQ V D 0DJ\DU 1\HOY pOHWUH KtYiViEDQ RURV]OiQUpV]W YiOODOy HOVHOQ|N|W WQWHWWpN NL DQQDN LGHMpQHFtPPHO0HOLFK-iQRVYROWDPiVLNDNLXJ\DQQHPYROWVRKD7iUVDViJXQNHOQ|NHGHpYHV DOHOQ|NVpJpYHOD7iUVDViJpOHWpEHQEHW|OW|WWWHYpNHQ\VpJpYHOV*RPERF]KDOiODXWiQLV]H UHSpYHOLVPHJV]ROJiOWDDV]yEDQIRUJyNLWQWHWpVW%HQNWDQiU~UpYHYH]HWLD7iUVDViJRWVH]

]HODOHJWRYiEEKLYDWDOEDQOpYHOQ|NKLV]HQVHP6]LO\.iOPiQVHP6]LQQ\HL-y]VHIVHP=VLUDL 0LNOyVVHP.QLH]VD,VWYiQVHP%iUF]L*p]DQHPW|OW|WWHEHLO\KRVV]~LGHLJD]HOQ|NLWLV]WHW'H LWWQHPLVDKRVV]~LGWDUWDPD]pUGHP$]pUGHPPLQGD]HJ\WWDPLUHD]HOQ|N|NNO|QNO|QUi V]ROJiOWDNWHYpNHQ\VpJNNHODPLUH%HQN/RUiQGLVUiV]ROJiOWD]]DODKRJ\DMyJD]GDOHONLLVPH UHWHVVpJpYHOHPEHULE|OFVHVVpJJHOV]DNPDLUiWHUPHWWVpJJHOYH]HWLD7iUVDViJpOHWpW7LV]WHOW9i ODV]WPiQ\(QQ\LWNtYiQWDPPRQGDQL´

$YiODV]WPiQ\DMDYDVODWWDOHJ\HWpUWHWW$WRYiEELDNVRUiQ6]DWKPiUL,VWYiQDOHOQ|NDWLV]W

~MtWiVLMHO|OEL]RWWViJHOQ|NHWiMpNR]WDWWDDMHOHQOpYNHWDV]HPpO\LMDYDVODWRNUyO$MDYDVODWRNKR]

W|EEKR]]iV]yOiVLVHOKDQJ]RWWVYpJODYiODV]WPiQ\D]WDMDYDVODWRWIRJDGWDHODPHO\HW6]DWPiUL ,VWYiQDOHOQ|N~UWHUMHV]WPDMGU|YLGHVHQDN|]J\&OpVHOp

7LV]WHOW.|]J\&OpV$]LGHLpYWiUVDViJLKLVWyULiMD|VV]HIRJODOYDHQQ\LYROW.pUHPMHOHQWp VHPHOIRJDGiViW

$N|]J\&OpVDIWLWNiULMHOHQWpVWHOIRJDGWD(]WN|YHWHQ % D O R J K / D M R V ROYDVWDI|O DSpQ]WiURVLMHOHQWpVW(V]HULQWD7iUVDViJpYLSpQ]IRUJDOPDDN|YHWNH]NpSSHQDODNXOW

% H Y p W H O H N

07$WiPRJDWiVIRO\yLUDWWDOHJ\WW )W

7DJGtMDN )W

.LDGYiQ\pUWpNHVtWpV )W

6]HPpO\LM|YHGHOHPDGyD )W

(J\pEEHYpWHOSiO\i]DW )W

gVV]HVEHYpWHOEHQ )W

. L D G i V R N

1\RPGDN|OWVpJIRO\yLUDWWDOHJ\WW )W

(6)

(/7(LURGDEpUOHW )W

0XQNDEpUV]HUNHV]WLOHNWRULGtMDN )W

6]HPpO\LNLIL]HWpVHNMiUXOpNDL )W

(J\pENLDGiVSRVWDWHOHIRQVWE )W

gVV]HVNLDGiVEHQ )W

$pYEHQDNLDGiVDLQNQHPKDODGWiNPHJDEHYpWHOHLQNHWtJ\SR]LWtYHJ\HQOHJJHOVLNH UOW]iUQLD]pYHW$pYEHQUHPpOMNKRJ\KDVRQOyJD]GDViJLpYHWVLNHUOPDMG]iUQL

$SpQ]WiURVLMHOHQWpVHOIRJDGiViWN|YHWHQ$ 0 R O Q i U ) H U H Q F IHOROYDVWDD6]iP YL]VJiOy %L]RWWViJ MHOHQWpVpW $ 6]iPYL]VJiOy %L]RWWViJ QRYHPEHU KyQDSEDQ iWQp]WH D 7iUVDViJ LUDWDLW EL]RQ\ODWDLW EHYDOOiVDLW pV HOV]iPROiVDLW pV D]RNDW UHQGEHQ OpYQHN WDOiOWD $ EL]RWWViJ WDJMDLYROWDNPpJ%DNUy1DJ\0DULDQQHpV'0iWDL0iULD

(]WN|YHWHQ* D G i Q \ L . i U R O \ NpUWV]yWpVEHMHOHQWHWWHKRJ\HJ\PDJiWPHJQHYH]QL QHPNtYiQyV]SRQ]RUQDNN|V]|QKHWHQDUUyOWiMpNR]WDWMDDN|]J\&OpVWKRJ\M|YUHPLOOLyIRULQWWDO WiPRJDWMDDWiUVDViJRW$QDJ\WHWV]pVWDUDWyEHMHOHQWpVWD]HOQ|NN|V]|QV]DYDNNDOQ\XJWi]WD

% H Q N / R U i Q G HOQ|NPpOWDWyV]DYDNNtVpUHWpEHQMHOHQWHWWHEHKRJ\D3DLV'H]V GtMDWDEL]RWWViJMDYDVODWDDODSMiQ%DORJK/DMRVYHKHWLiWWDYDV]iQ=DOD0HJ\HgQNRUPiQ\

]DWiQDN NpSYLVHOLWO $ 7iUVDViJ &V&U\HPOpNpUPpW =LODKL /DMRVQDN Q\~MWRWWD iW $ QpSQ\HOYL J\&MWSiO\i]DW Q\HUWHVHL GtM *\ %D]VLND (QLN GtM .RYiFV /HKHO ,VWYiQ GtM 6DUXVL .XWUXF]0LKiO\$MXWDORPiWDGiViQD]HOVKHO\H]HWWYROWMHOHQ

% H Q N / R U i Q G HOQ|NEHMHOHQWpVHV]HULQWNHUOWVRUDWLV]W~MtWiVUDPHO\QHNOHERQ\R OtWiViUD D YH]HWVpJ D] DOiEEL V]DYD]DWV]iPOiOy EL]RWWViJRW NOGWH NL HOQ|N %pNpVL ,PUH WDJRN +RUYiWK/iV]Oy7iWUDL6]LOiUGpV=iQWy(GLQD$]HOQ|NHOUHQGHOWHDV]DYD]yODSRNNLRV]WiViWpV D V]DYD]iVW V I|ONpUWH 6]DWKPiUL ,VWYiQ EL]RWWViJL HOQ|N|W D] HOQ|NL WHHQGN WRYiEEL HOOiWiViUD PDMGDUpJLWLV]WLNDUQHYpEHQíPHJN|V]|QYHDWDJViJWiPRJDWiViWíOHPRQGRWW

6 ] D W K P i U L , V W Y i Q DOHOQ|NWiMpNR]WDWiVWDGRWWDMHO|OOLVWD|VV]HiOOtWiVLHOYHLUODYi ODV]WPiQ\iOWDOMDYDVROWOLVWiUyOpVDV]DYD]iVPLNpQWMpUO$V]DYD]iVPHJW|UWpQWHXWiQ% p N p V L , P U H DMHO|OEL]RWWViJHOQ|NHLVPHUWHWWHDYiODV]WiVHUHGPpQ\pW$N|]J\&OpVDN|YHWNH]|W pYUHD]DOiEELWiUVDViJLWDJRNDWYiODV]WRWWDPHJNO|QE|]WLV]WVpJHNUH

$ W L V ] W L N D U WLV]WHOHWEHOL HOQ|N %HQN /RUiQG HOQ|N .LVV -HQ DOHOQ|N|N +RQWL /iV]Oy1\RPiUND\,VWYiQ6]DWKPiUL,VWYiQIWLWNiU-XKiV]'H]VWLWNiU)DUNDV7DPiVMHJ\]

.XJOHU1yUDSpQ]WiURV*HUVWQHU.iURO\HOOHQU+DDGHU/HD

6 ] D N R V ] W i O \ H O Q | N | N p V W L W N i U R N ÈOWDOiQRVQ\HOYpV]HWL3pWHU0LKiO\HOQ|N /DGiQ\L 0iULD WLWNiU )LQQXJRU &V~FV 6iQGRU HOQ|N &VHSUHJL 0iUWD WLWNiU ,GHJHQQ\HOYL

%DF]HURZVNL-DQXV]HOQ|N)iELiQ=VX]VDQQDWLWNiU0DJ\DU.HV]OHU%RUEiODHOQ|N=VLOLQV]N\

eYDWLWNiU $0DJ\DUQ\HOYLV]DNRV]WiO\RQEHOOP&N|GW D J R ] D W R N Y H ] H WV p J H 0D J\DUWDQiULWDJR]DW$QWDOQp6]DEyÈJQHVHOQ|N5DiW]-XGLWWLWNiU1pYWDQLWDJR]DW+RIIPDQQ,VW YiQHOQ|N)HUFVLN(U]VpEHWWLWNiU

$ Y L G p N L F V R S R U W R N H O Q | N H L p V W L W N i U D L 'HEUHFHQ6]LNV]DLQp1DJ\,U PDHOQ|N5iF]$QLWDWLWNiU6]HJHG1DJ\/-iQRVHOQ|N1pPHWK0LNOyVWLWNiU3pFV6]&FV7L ERUHOQ|N*~WL(ULNDWLWNiU(JHU95DLV]5y]VDHOQ|N.DOFVy*\XODWLWNiU1\tUHJ\Ki]D3/D NDWRV,ORQDHOQ|N6]RSRV$QGUiVWLWNiU6]RPEDWKHO\6]DEy*p]DHOQ|N0ROQiU=ROWiQWLWNiU -iV]EHUpQ\)DUNDV)HUHQFHOQ|N.DGRVD/iV]OyQpWLWNiU

$WLV]WLNDUWDJMDLPHOOHWWDV]DNRV]WiO\HOQ|N|NpVWLWNiURNDWDJR]DWRNHOQ|NHLpVDYLGpNL FVRSRUWRNHOQ|NHLKLYDWDOEyOYiODV]WPiQ\LMRJ~WDJRN

(7)

$ Y i O D V ] W P i Q \ W R Y i E E L W D J M D L %DNUy1DJ\0DULDQQH%DOi]V*p]D%DORJK /DMRV%iUGRVL9LOPRV%pNpVL,PUH%HQFpG\-y]VHI%HUHF]NL*iERU%N\/iV]Oy&VHUQLFVNy ,VWYiQ (OHNIL /iV]Oy eGHU =ROWiQ )iELiQ 3iO )RUJiFV 7DPiV *DGiQ\L .iURO\ *yV\ 0iULD

*UpWV\ /iV]Oy +DMG~ 0LKiO\ +HJHG&V $WWLOD +HVVN\ 5HJLQD -iV]D\ /iV]Oy .HUHV]WHV /iV]Oy .LHIHU)HUHQFe.LVV.DWDOLQ0DQKHU].iURO\'0iWDL0iULD$0ROQiU)HUHQF0ROQiU=RO WiQ1\LUNRV,VWYiQgUG|J)HUHQF3DSS*\|UJ\3iWURYLFV3pWHU3pQWHN-iQRV3XV]WDL)HUHQF 6HEHVW\pQÈUSiG6LSWiU3pWHU6]DEy-y]VHI6]DEyPLKiO\*L]HOOD6]tM(QLN7ROFVYDL1DJ\*i ERU9DUJD/iV]Oy9RLJW9LOPRV=LPiQ\LÈUSiG=ROWiQ$QGUiV

6 ] i P Y L ] V J i O y E L ] R W W V i J%DNUy1DJ\0DULDQQH'0iWDL0iULD$0ROQiU)HUHQF

$ YiODV]WiV HUHGPpQ\HLQHN LVPHUWHWpVpW N|YHWHQ D] ~M WLV]WLNDU HOIRJODOWD KHO\pW PDMG DPHJYiODV]WRWWHOQ|N. L V V - H Q DN|YHWNH]NHWPRQGWD

Ä7LV]WHOW.|]J\&OpV.HGYHV7DJWiUVDLQN$]~MWLV]WLNDUQHYpEHQOHJ\HQV]DEDGN|V]|QHWHW PRQGDQRPDEL]DORPpUW(]WDEL]DOPDWLJ\HNV]QNPHJKiOiOQLD]]DOKRJ\PXQNiQNDWPLQGDQ\

Q\LDQOHJMREEWXGiVXQNpVOHONLLVPHUHWQNV]HULQWW|UHNV]QNHOOiWQL7XGMXNSHUV]HKRJ\D7iUVD ViJRW WDJMDLQDN DNDUDWD |VV]HIRJiVD VHJtWNpV]VpJH DNWLYLWiVD D Q\HOYWXGRPiQ\ pV D PDJ\DU Q\HOYJ\HVNXWDWiVDLUiQWLHON|WHOH]HWWVpJHYLKHWLpVYLV]LWRYiEE(UUHV]iPtWXQNH]WNpUMNDWR YiEELDNEDQLV

6]HUHWQpPNO|QN|V]|QWHQL%HQNWDQiUXUDWPLQW7iUVDViJXQNWLV]WHOHWEHOLHOQ|NpW.pUMN WHNLQWVH H FtP RGDtWpOpVpW D 0DJ\DU 1\HOYWXGRPiQ\L 7iUVDViJ V]tYEO M|YN|V]|QHWpQHN 0HUW VRNN|V]|QQLYDOyQNYDQpYHQiWYH]HWQLHJ\WXGRPiQ\RVWiUVDViJRWDUDGLNiOLVDQYiOWR]yN|

UOPpQ\HNN|]|WW~J\KRJ\DWiUVDViJpOHWHPXQNiMD]|NNHQPHQWHVHQIRO\KDWRWWPiU|QPDJi EDQ LV HOLVPHUpVUH PpOWy 0LQW DNL N|]HOUO OiWKDWWD WDSDV]WDOKDWWD D 7iUVDViJ YH]HWpVpQHN VRN JRQGMiW KLWHOHVHQ WDQ~VtWKDWRP KRJ\ %HQN WDQiU ~U D My JD]GD OHONLLVPHUHWHVVpJpYHO V]LJRU~

V]DNPDLLJpQ\HVVpJJHONHOON|UOWHNLQWpVVHOpVHPEHULE|OFVHVVpJJHOYH]HWWHD0DJ\DU1\HOYWX GRPiQ\L7iUVDViJRW.|V]|QMND7iUVDViJpUWHOQ|NNpQWYpJ]HWWPXQNiMiWpVNpUMNLPPiUWLV]WH OHWEHOL HOQ|NNpQW VHJtWVH ± HJ\V]HUVPLQG NtYiQMXN PLQpO WRYiEE KRVV]~ pYHNHQ iW VHJtWKHVVH ± 7iUVDViJXQNDWÒJ\OHJ\HQ.HGYHV(OQ|NÒU)RJDGMDKiOiVN|V]|QHWQNHWpVV]tYEOM|YMyNt YiQViJDLQNDW´

(]XWiQiWDGWDDV]yWD7iUVDViJWLV]WHOHWEHOLHOQ|NpQHN% H Q N / R U i Q G DN|YHWNH]NHW PRQGRWWD

Ä7LV]WHOW(OQ|NÒU7LV]WHOW.|]J\&OpV7DQiFVNR]iVXQNKDUPDGLNyUiMiQDNHOHMpQQHPLOOLN VRNDWEHV]pOQLpQLVFVDNQpKiQ\PRQGDWRWV]HUHWQpNPHJIRJDOPD]QL(OV]|ULVKiOiVN|V]|QHWHW PRQGRND]pUWKRJ\D9iODV]WPiQ\PRVWSHGLJD.|]J\&OpVHQJHPWLV]WHOHWEHOLHOQ|NNpYiODV]

WRWW0LQWDKRJ\D9iODV]WPiQ\EDQLVHOPRQGWDPH]DKDUPLQFpY± PDMGQHPKDUPLQFpYQpKiQ\

KyQDSNLYpWHOpYHO±DPLWHOQ|NVpJHPLGHMpQHOW|OW|WWHPQHPpUGHP$KRVV]~LGHJ\WLV]WVpJEHQ

|QPDJiEDQQHPpUGHP(J\pENpQWLVQHPKLV]HPKRJ\W~OViJRVDQVRNDWWHWWHPYROQD± H]W|Q NULWLNXVDQPRQGRP± D7iUVDViJGROJDLEDQRO\DQMHOOHJJHOKRJ\QDJ\~MGRQViJRNDWKR]WDPYROQD D]pOHWpEH+LV]HQNLWDSRVRWW~WRQMiUWDP(OGHLPQDJ\HOGHLPDNRUiEELHOQ|N|NpVN|]YHWOHQ HOG|P%iUF]L*p]DNLDODNtWRWWiND]WDPRGXVYLYHQGLWD]WDIRUPDLpVWDUWDOPLN|YHWHOPpQ\UHQG V]HUWDPHO\EHQD7iUVDViJPLQGHQQDSLWHYpNHQ\VpJpWIRO\WDWWDÒJ\KRJ\QHNHPWXODMGRQNpSSHQ N|QQ\&GROJRPYROWHPLDWWLVPHJD]pUWLVPHUWD]D]LGV]DNDPLNRUpQD]HOQ|NLWLV]WHWEHW|OW|W WHPPiUWXODMGRQNpSSHQDQ\XJDOPDVYDJ\DYLV]RQ\ODJQ\XJDOPDVLGWMHOHQWHWWHiOWDOiEDQLVpV D7iUVDViJpOHWpEHQLV9ROWWXGQLLOOLND7iUVDViJW|UWpQHWpQHNN|UOEHOOHJ\pYWL]HGHD]|WYHQHV pYHNDPLNRUEL]RQ\KDQHPLVIHQ\HJHWWH7iUVDViJXQNDWN|]YHWOHQYHV]pO\D]pUWPHJ]DYDUWDpOH WQNHW*RQGROMXQNFVDNDU|YLGGHHOpJiOGDWODQWHYpNHQ\VpJ&PDUULVWDLGV]DNUDYDJ\JRQGRO MXQND]¶RVIRUUDGDORPN|UOLGROJRNUDDPHO\HNPHJV]DEWiND7iUVDViJQDND]pOHWpWLVEHIR

(8)

O\iVROWiNLVHJ\LGUHÒJ\KRJ\pQHJ\VRNNDOQ\XJDOPDVDEELGV]DNEDQWXGWDPiWYHQQLD]HOQ|NL WHHQGNHW

+DGGXWDOMDNDUUDLVKRJ\MyPXQNDWiUVDLPYROWDN.pWIWLWNiUHJ\PiVWYiOWYDP&N|G|WWHO Q|NVpJHPLGHMpQ(OV]|U6]DWKPiUL,VWYiQWDQiU~UDPtJILQQRUV]iJLYHQGpJWDQiUViJiWPHJNH]G WHXWiQDSHGLJ.LVV-HQWDQiU~UPpJKRVV]DEELGHLJ0LQGDNHWWHQNLYiOyDQYpJH]WpNPXQNiMX NDWQDJ\RQVRNVHJtWVpJHWDGWDNQHNHPLVpVPpJW|EEHWDGWDND7iUVDViJQDN+LV]HQ6]DWKPiUL WDQiU~UpUGHPHLN|]|WWI|OWpWOHQOPHJNHOOHPOtWHQLKRJ\D]IWLWNiUViJDDODWWVWPiU%iUF]L

*p]D HOQ|NL LGHMpQHN D PiVRGLN IHOpEHQ NLDODNXOW D 7iUVDViJQDN H] D UHQGV]HUH V]DNRV]WiO\L pV P&N|GpVLUHQGV]HUHpVH]D]pUGHPN.LVV-HQWDQiU~USHGLJPiUHJ\NLFVLWQHKH]HEELGV]DNEDQ YHWWHiWDIWLWNiULWHHQGNHWDPLNRUNH]GWHNQHKH]OQLD7iUVDViJQDND]DQ\DJLYLV]RQ\DLHOOiWRWW ViJDpVDNOVKLYDWDOLEURNUiFLDLVNH]GHWWVDMQRVQ|YHNHGQLLVNLYiOypU]pNNHOpVHUXGtFLyYDO OiWWDHOIHODGDWiW0LQGH]WFVDNDQQDNEL]RQ\ViJDNpQWHPOtWHPKRJ\V]iPRPUDQDJ\RQN|QQ\&YROWH]D]

HOQ|NVpJ RO\DQ PXQNDWiUVDLP YROWDN DNLN HEEHQ D WLV]WVpJHPEHQ QDJ\RQ VRNDW VHJtWHWWHN (] D] HJ\LN GRORJ DPLW PRQGDQL DNDURN $ PiVLN WXODMGRQNpSSHQ FVDN D MyNtYiQViJQDN DV]DYDNtYiQRPKRJ\D]~MHOQ|NVpJHUHGPpQ\HVHQV]DNWXGRPiQ\XQNMDYiUDGROJR]]RQWRYiEE IRO\WDWYDD7iUVDViJLPPiUPiVRGLNpYV]i]DGiEDIRUGXOyKDJ\RPiQ\DLW)RO\WDVVD± PRQGRPQp PLV]XEMHNWLYL]PXVVDO±KLV]HQHJ\HVOHWQNPRVWPHJYiODV]WRWWV]&NHEEYH]HWpVHD]pQNRUiEEL PXQNDWiUVDLPEyO WHYGLN |VV]H HJ\WW PXQNiONRGWXQN VRN pYHQ NHUHV]WO ~M HOQ|NQNNHO .LVV -HQWDQiU~UUDOpV~MIWLWNiUXQNNDO-XKiV]'H]VWDQiU~UUDO1HPNHOONHWEHPXWDWQRPKLV]HQ PLQGHQNLLVPHULWXGMDKRJ\PLWWHWWHND7iUVDViJpOHWpEHQpVWHYpNHQ\VpJppUW-HQWDQiU~UPLQW IWLWNiU'H]VWDQiU~UPLQWD0DJ\DU1\HOYV]HUNHV]WMH8J\DQFVDN|U|PPHON|V]|QW|PD]~M YH]HWVpJVRUDLEDQHGGLJLVV]HUpQ\HQGROJR]y~MWLWNiUXQNDW)DUNDV7DPiVWeQLVPpWHOWHQFVDN D OHJMREE NtYiQViJDLPDW WXGRP WROPiFVROQL PLQGKiUPXN V]iPiUD pV NtYiQRN HUHGPpQ\HVM|YW WHUPpV]HWHVHQD]~MWLV]WLNDUHJpV]pQHND9iODV]WPiQ\QDNpVD7iUVDViJPLQGHQWDJMiQDN6]ROJiO MiNK&HQWRYiEEHJ\HVOHWQNHW

(] D 7iUVDViJ V]i]pYHV IHQQiOOiVVDO EHEL]RQ\tWRWWD KRJ\ pOHWNpSHV KRJ\ V]NVpJ YDQ Ui 1HPFVDNUHPpOHPKDQHPEL]WRVYDJ\RNEHQQHKRJ\DN|YHWNH]LGV]DNRWLVXJ\DQ~J\RO\DQ V]RUJRVDQpVHUHGPpQ\HVVpJJHOpOLiWDKRJ\HGGLJWHWWH.|V]|Q|PKRJ\PHJKDOOJDWWDN´

$N|]J\&OpVHOQ|NL]iUV]yYDOpUWYpJHW. L V V - H Q PHJN|V]|QWH%HQNWDQiU~UHP OpNH]pVHPOpNH]WHWV]DYDLWMyNtYiQViJDLWDPHJMHOHQWHNN|]UHP&N|GpVpWpVILJ\HOPpWVD0D J\DU1\HOYWXGRPiQ\L7iUVDViJHJ\EHQWLV]W~MtWyN|]J\&OpVpWEHUHNHV]WHWWH

gVV]HiOOtWRWWD.LVV-HQ

+HUPDQ-y]VHIHPOpNH]HWH í

+HUPDQ-y]VHIEHQpUHWWVpJL]HWWD%XGDSHVWL5HIRUPiWXV*LPQi]LXPEDQVHNNRULUDW NR]RWW EH D 3i]PiQ\ 3pWHU PDLQHYpQ(|WY|V/RUiQG7XGRPiQ\HJ\HWHPUHDKRO íD](|WY|V

&ROOHJLXP WDJMDNpQW í EHQ NDSRWW IUDQFLD±ODWLQ V]DNRV N|]pSLVNRODL WDQiUL RNOHYHOHW (]W PHJHO]HQNpWpYLJDSiUL]VL6RUERQQHRQWDQXOWDKROIUDQFLDQ\HOYpV]HWLGLVV]HUWiFLyMiYDOGRNWR ULFtPHWQ\HUW(OVPXQNDKHO\HD]07$1\HOYWXGRPiQ\L,QWp]HWHYROWNpVEEWDQtWRWWD],GHJHQ 1\HOYHN )LVNROiMiQ D] (/7( 5RPDQLV]WLNDL 7DQV]pNpQ WO D.RVVXWK/DMRV7XGRPiQ\

HJ\HWHP )UDQFLD 7DQV]pNpQHN YH]HWMH SURIHVV]RUD PDMGWO~MEyOD](/7(URPDQLV]WLND SURIHVV]RUD7HV]HJ\NXOW~UGLSORPiFLDLNLWpUWWOLJD]81(6&2IHOVRNWDWiVLUpV]

OHJpQHNLJD]JDWyMD3iUL]VEDQEHQPHJYiODV]WMiND0DJ\DU7XGRPiQ\RV$NDGpPLDWDJMiQDN

Hivatkozások

KAPCSOLÓDÓ DOKUMENTUMOK

szedés arra rendelt alszedők által évenkint Crszine változásakor és mindszent táján történt. Ha a jövedelem bevallásánál kétség ms- rült fel, a lelkésznek hitet

tem. Hazamenet, úgy gyötört a gondolat, hogy miféle húsvétjuk van az enyéimnek, hisz az ő lelkűk „nem támad fe l...”, és elmondtam ezt szomorúan édesapámnak, mert

$ ;9,,, V]i]DG YpJpUH MHOHQWHN PHJ D]RN D KHQJHUHV YDJ\ N~SRV WHVWť SRKDUDN DPHO\HNHW V]tQHV YHJEŋO NpV]tWHWWHN .REDOWNpN Y|U|V ]|OG EDUQD pV V]tQWHOHQ iWWHWV]ŋ YHJEŋO J\iU

The effect of activating the gossiping protocol in FoBSim, on the number of chain versions at the end of PoW-based BC simulation runs, where the transmission delay between

Az ezen krystályokon két távcsővel ellátott goniometer segélyével eszközölt vizsgálatok azon eredményre vezettek, hogy a W o l f r a m i t csakugyan e g y h a

Wang L, Yao Y, He R, Meng Y, Li N, Zhang D, Xu J, Chen O, Cui J, Bian J, Zhang Y, Chen G, Deng X (2017) Methane ameliorates spinal cord ischaemia-reperfusion injury in

The problem is to minimize—with respect to the arbitrary translates y 0 = 0, y j ∈ T , j = 1,. In our setting, the function F has singularities at y j ’s, while in between these

67     l undströM – H EdEnstiErna -j onson – H olMquist 2009, 105–116; H EdEnstiErna -j onson 2012, 35–36. 68     H EdEnstiErna -j onson