Subject Index
A
Absorption spectrum from bacterium CP-I, 202
Acanthamoeba, 148 Acetate, 27
Acetobacter vinelandii, 158 Acetyl coenzyme A, 27 Acetylene method, 36 Achromatium, 224
Achromobacter, 319, 344, 347, 349 fisheri, 58
Acinetobacter, 319, 346, 347, 349 Iwqffi, 350
Actinomyces, 319
Actinomycete-cyanophyte interrelation- ships, 197
Actinomycetes, 237, 252 D 5 ; BB-49, BB-53, 195 lytic, 194, 197
in surface muds, 252 Actinophage, 178, 179
A D H , 62 A D P , 60
A T P , 38, 51, 60, 6 1 , 78, 189 ATP-dependent animation of gluta-
mate to glutamine, 60
ATP-requiring G S / G O G A T system, 70, 73
Activated-sludge process, 170 Adenovirus(es), 281, 283 Aerobacter, 289, 328
aerogenes, 6 1 , 148, 150, 168, 289 cloacae, 289, 291
Aerobacter- Vibrio, 349
Aerobes, 233, 236, 237, 241, 319
Aerobic organisms in sea water and marine sediments, 234
Aerobic spore formers, 346
Aeromonas, 287, 299, 313, 319, 347, 350 352
hydrophila, 287, 291, 297, 317, 350 Aeromonas spp. as indicators, 296, 314,
3IQo 356
Alcaligenes, 319, 347, 349 Alcohols, 27
Algae, 237
Algal blooms, 177, 178 Algal lysing bacteria, 194-205 Algal lysing viruses, 194
Algal photosynthesis in a lake, 21 Allochthonous organic substances, 26, 39 Alternative counting procedures, 239,240 Althornia crouchii, 92, 93
Amino acid
dehydrogenases, 60 pool, 76
Ammonia, 51-61
Ammonia assimilation, 69-73, 83, 87, 88, 93, 94
in blue-green algae, 61 in yeasts, 62
Ammonia
incorporation in bacteria, 60 in marine environments, 51 Amoeba proteus, 146
Amoebiasis, 282
Anabaena, 35, 77, 177, 196, 198, 199, 203, 206, 207
ambigua, 196 catenula, 196
circinalis, 34, 35, 80, 196 circularis, 183
cylindrica, 57, 58, 62, 73, 76, 82, 83, 84, 195, 196, 211
Anabaena (cont.)
flos-aquae, 34, 35, 62, 76, 78, 83, 196, 199, 200, 201, 202, 204, 210, 211, 212
hassallii, 197 inaequalis, 195, 197 oscillarioides, 196 planktonica, 206, 208, 209 solitaria, 35, 206
spiroides, 34, 196
variabilis, 183, 195, 196, 210 strain 5, 183
Anabaenaceae, 34 Anabaenopsis circularis, 196
raciborskii, 183 Anacystis, 195, 198
nidulans, 181, 183, 184, 194, 195, 196, 212
Anaerobes, 236, 231, 319 Anaerobiosis, 346 Anchylostomiasis, 282
Anderson's sea water medium V, 317, 346
Anorgoxidants, 26
Antibiotics in sediments, 350, 351 Aphanizomenon, 35, 77, 79, 177, 203, 206
flos-aquae, 36, 183, 196 Aphanothece, 198
Aqualinderella fermentans, 92, 93 Aquatic environments, 51 Aquatic flora of coliforms, 328 Ascariasis, 282
Ascaris, 282
Assimilating autotrophs, 27 Aspergillus, 63
Associations of pathogenic organisms to faecal coliforms, 320-322
Aster ionella formosa effects of light, 14 photosynthesis, 15 Athiorhodaceae, 53, 224
Autochthonous organic substances, 26 Autotrophic bacteria, 26, 238, 242, 2 5 5 -
261
sulphur-oxidizing, 347 Autotrophs
assimilating, 27 facultative, 27 free energy, 22 obligate, 27
Azotobacter, 38, 55, 64, 66
chroococcum, 57, 58, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, vinelandii, 58, 69, 169
Azotobacteriaceae, 54 B
Bacillus, 54, 60, 67, 70, 71, 100, 198, 267, 301, 311, 319, 344, 346, 347, 348, 349, 3 5 / , 352,354
spp. distribution, 301 brevis, 301
cereus, 301 circulans, 301 coagulans, 301 laterosporus, 301
licheniformis, 60, 301, 351 macerans, 287
megatherium, 301 pantothenticus, 301 polymyxa, 287, 301 pulvifaciens, 301 pumilus, 301 sphaericus, 301, 304 subtilis, 22, 100, 301 Bacteria
autotrophic, 26 dinitrifying, 51
distribution in suspensions, 303 generation times, 24
heterotrophic, 22, 38 in drinking water, 31 o in raw sewage, 311 lytic, 194
nitrogen fixation in aquatic environ- ments, 65
nitrifying, 26 numbers in mud, 257 of indication, 280 oxidizing Fe or M n , 14 psychrophilic forms, 25 purple sulphur, 19
that lyse blue-green algae, 194-205 thiosulphate oxidizing, 257
vertical distribution, 256, 257 Bacterial biomass, diurnal production, 2 Bacterial diseases, 281
gill disease, 350
photosynthesis, ecology, 19-22 in a lake, 21, 22, 30
Bacteriochlorophyll-d, absorption of light Bacteriological examination of 9
water, 278, 281
drinking water, 280-284
Bacteriophage, 178, 179, 184, 188, 301
Bacterium
aerogenes, 289, 290 aeruginosa, 289, 290, 296 cloacae, 289, 290
coli, 279, 280, 286, 289, 290 enteritidis sporogenes, 280 intermediates, 289 Bacterium CP-i, 190, 204 Batch culture, 121-130, 143, 149 Biddulphia, 88
aurita, 90
Bifido bacterium (Lactobacillus bifidus), 300, 3!7
Biogenes, 5
Biological niches, 5, 13
of Fe and Mn oxidizing bacteria, 12 for Siderocapsa anulata, 13
oxygen levels, 13 Blastocladiella
anabaenae, 203, 206 emersonii, 63, 93 Blue-green algae, 73
planktonic, 34 BOD, 351 Brucellosis, 281 Burst size, 188
G Calothrix, 73, 81 Candida, 282
utilis, 57
Carbamyl phosphate, 60 synthetase, 62
Carbon and mineral content in lakes, 264
Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydra- zone (CCCP), 189
Carboxydimutäse, 27 Carotenoids, 9 Cellvibrio, 197
fulvus, 195
Central limit theory, 306 Chaetoceros gracilis, 84
Characteristics of the lytic bacteria, 200 Chemoautotrophic bacteria, 238, 261 Chemocline, 10
depth in lake, 10 Chemolithotrophs, 26 Chemosynthesis
due to H2S oxidation, 32, 34 due to CH4 oxidation, 32, 34 in lakes, 26-34
layer, 30
Chemosynthetic process in nature, 3 1 - 34
Chlamydomonas rheinhardii, 86, 88, 89, 162 Chlorella, 59, 86, 88
pyrenoidosa, 63, 84, 87, 88, 154 vulgaris, 57, 63, 88, 89 Chlorobacteriaceae, 53 Chlorobium sp.
photosynthesis in, 19, 20 phaeobacteroides, 13
distribution in a lake, 11 biological niche, 8, 10 in consortia, 11
depth of ecological niche, 13 development in a meromictic lake,
11
phaeovibrioides, 9 thiosulphatophilum, 69
photosynthesis in, 19 Chlorochromatium
aggregatum, 7 biological niche, 8 glebulum, 7
Cholera, 281, 282 toxins, 283
Chromaticity of water, 36 Chromatium
photosynthesis in, 20 vertical distribution, 9
photosynthesis, 19, 20 vinosum, biological niche, 8 Chytrid, 203
Chytridiaceous hyperparasites, 206 Chytridium cornatum, 203
microcystidis, 203
Ciliate-bacteria dynamics, 168-170 Citrobacter, 289, 327, 328
freundii, 290
Citrobacter-Klebsiella-Enterobacter, 329 Classification of cyanophage, 183-188
Clostridia, 242, 287 sulphite-reducing, 314
Clostridium, 38, 54, 64, 65, 66, 8 1 , 319 botulinum, 281, 346, 351
pasteurianum, 66, 69
perfringens, 276, 278, 280-282, 284, 287-289, 305, 311, 313, 315, 316, 322-324, 333-336> 344~347> 352, 353
association to faecal coliforms, 322, 323
in sewage, 334
in water examination, 298, 303, 307, 3J3> 3l 6
sporogenes, 316 welchii, 22, 278
Cobalt effect on nitrogen fixation, 78 Coccochloris peniocystis, 195
Coccolithus huxleyi, 63, 84, 87 Coelosphaerium sp., 177, 196 Cold water disease, 350
Coli-aerogenes group, 280, 286, 291 Coliform, 289, 350
bacteria, as indicators, 328
in faeces, soil and water, 327-329 as faecal indicators, 356
in drinking water, 329-332, 344, 349> 353
concept, 286-291 group, 286-295, 331
Collins, (CPS) medium, 241, 243, 262 (ENA) medium, 241
Colony counts on solid media, 303-306 Colpdium
campy lum, 149 colpoda, 144
Colpoda steinii, 147-149 Columnaris disease, 350 Comamonas, 319, 347, 349
Comparison of Str. faecalis and faecal coliforms, 323, 324
Contingency analysis of drinking water, 330
Continuous culture, 130-134, 153-170 single stage, 163-170
two-stage, 155-163
Continuous system modelling program (CSMP), 135, 136
Control statements, 137
Copper, effect on nitrogen fixation, 77
Cone water, 225 Corynebacter, 319 Coryneforms, 347-350 Cotton mouth, 350 Counting bacteria
by dilution method, 307, 308 by membrane-filtration, 312 procedures, 233
Counts on membrane filters, 240 Coxsackie, 281
Criteria used in classification of cyano- phages, 182-187
Cryptococcaceae, 91 Cryptogram, 187
Cyanophage, 178, 179, 182, 188, 207, 208 classification, 182-187
multiplication, 187-188
L P P - i , effect on photosynthesis and dark respiration, 192
isolation, 179-183
Cyclic photophosphorylation, 189 Cyclops, 210
Cylindrospermum, 184, 196 Cytochrome, type B, 57
Cytophaga, 320, 344, 345, 347, 349, 350 Cytophaga-Flavobacter, 349
D Daphnia, 210
Dark fixation of carbon dioxide, 20, 22 Dark respiration, 192
Data statements, 135 D C M U , 86, 87, 89, 189 Deep sediment cores, 226
Defective fermentation of lactose (Para- colobacterium, Paracolon), 293 Degradation of organic matter, 38-43 Denitrifying bacteria, 51
Demonstration of aerobic spore-formers, 346
Desulfovibrio, 54, 64, 261 desulfuricans, 27 salexigenes, 29 Diatoms
light absorption at 680 nm, 7 Diaphorase, 59
(3'(3,4-Dichlorophenyl) 1,1 '-dimethyl urea) D C M U , 86, 87, 89, 189 Dictyostelium discoideum, 163, 165, 166, 168 Dictyostelium-Escherichia system, 155
Didinium nasutum, 145 Diimide, 54
Dilution end-point test, 181 Dinitrogen fixation, 53-56 Direct counts, 239, 240
Disappearance ratio by tracer and E. coli, 3 36- 3 4 !
Dispersion and disappearance of enteric bacteria in the marine environment, 334-351
Dispersion of indicators in water, 342-344 in sediments, 344
Dissolved oxygen values in different lakes, 234
Distribution
of Bacillus spp., 301 of bacteria,
vertical, 254
in stratified lake, 224
of bacterial populations, 242-265 of heterotrophic bacteria, 243-248, 265
at sediment-water interface and in surface sediments, 248-253 in deep sediment cores, 262-265 in stratified lakes, 224
in suspensions, 303
of organisms in sediments, 349 of species in water, 344
of sulphate reducing bacteria and thiosulphate oxidizing bacteria, 288 Ditylum brightwelli, 58,63,84,86,87,88,90 Diurnal, phytoplankton photosynthesis,
25
production of bacterial biomass, 25 Dose-response curve, 320
Dunaliella tertiolecta, 57, 59, 84, 87 Dysentery, 281
Dystrophie lakes, 18, 36, 40 E Eclipse phase, 188
Ecological investigations, 327-351 microbiology, 39, 42, 44 niches, 5-15, 223
niche for Chlorobiumphaeobacteroides, 13 niche diffusion of hydrogen sulphide, Ecology
concept, 1
main principles, 4
of bacterial photosynthesis, 19-22 of photosynthesis, 14-22
of phytoplankton photosynthesis, 14- 19
problems, 44
Electron micrographs of five cyano- phages, 186
Endotoxins, 283
Enol-pyruvate-carboxy-transphos- phorylase, 23
Enrichment techniques, 238 Entamoeba histolytica, 283 Enteric bacteria, 336
in marine environment, dispersion and disappearance, 334-351
Enteric fever, 283 Enteritidis test, 280 Enterobacter, 278, 289, 319
aerogenes, 65, 292
agglomerans, 291, 292, 313, 352 cloacae, 149, 292
liquefaciens, 291, 292
Enterobacteriaceae, 288, 291, 294 Enterococcus, 278
group, 297 Enterotoxin, 283
Enteroviruses, 282, 283, 285 Entodinium caudatum, 148 Epilimnion, 36
chemical composition in a lake, 10 Erwinia, 288, 291, 292, 328
carotovora, 290
(herbicola-lathyri group), 292
Escherichia, 198, 278, 289, 290, 327, 328 coli, 56, 58, 61, 71, 72, ΐ47-!49? lb%>
163, 165, 166, 168, 169, 210, 276, 281-283, 285-287, 289, 290, 292, 294, 296, 297, 299-302, 305, 307, 308, 311, 312, 314, 320-324, 326, 3 2 7 , 3 2 9 , 3 3 1 - 3 4 5 , 347, 349 demonstration of virus, 321 freundii, 289, 290
intermedia, 289, 290
Escherichia-Klebsiella group, 328 Eukaryotic microalgae, 83 Euphotic zone, 50 Eutrophication, 177
Eutrophic lakes, 15-19, 31, 32, 35,40, 220 tropical, 35
Examination of fish, 347 Exotoxins, 281
F Facultative,
aerobes, 236, 241, 263
anaerobes, 236, 241, 246, 247, 263 autotrophs, 27
Faecal coliforms, 283, 292, 294, 296, 320-323, 325, 352, 353
association to pathogenic organisms, 321-323
association to Cl. perfringens, 322-323 Faecal
organisms, 318
pollution, 274, 322, 329 streptococci, 279, 297, 317
FADH
2, 57
False presumptive concepts, 286-289 FBA automatic mind sampler, 222 FDF, fast death factor, 211 Ferredoxin, 58
Filamentous cyanophages, 184 Fin rot, 350
Fixation of nitrogen in lake, 37 Flavobacter, 319
Flexibacter, 198 flexilis, 195, 199, 200
var. algavorum, 198 Flora of heterotrophs, 317 Fluorescence microscopy, 240 Fluorescens group, 325-327 Fluorescent pseudomonads, 316
as indicators, 356
Food, preferences of protozoa, 143, 144 selection, 144, 145
Foraminifera, 145 Fremyella diplosiphon, 195
FMN..57 FMNH
2, 57
Fruiting myxobacteria, 197 Fungal pathogens, 205-207 Fungi, 91, 237, 282
as parasites on blue-green algae, 203
G
Gallionella
biological niche, 12
oxygen levels in biological niche, 13 Generation times of bacteria, 24
GDH, 62 Giardia, 282
Gloeocapsa, 54, 55, 74 minor, 55
Gloeotrichia, 177 echinulata, 35 Glutamate, 61
dehydrogenase, 69
synthase (GOGAT), 69-73, 93, 97 Glutamic dehydrogenases (GDH), 6 0 -
73> 93> 94> 97 Glutamine, 60, 61
synthetase (GS), 62, 70-73
synthetase/carbamyl phosphate syn- thetase couple, 60
synthetase/glutamate synthase (GS/
GOGAT), 60, 62, 69-72, 93 Gomphosphaeria, 196, 203, 206 Gonyaulax
catenella, 211 polyedra, 85
Great red plague, 350 Green sulphur bacteria, 21 Growth rates, 146
H
Haematococcus pluvialisy 86, 90 Hafnia, 67
Halophilic microorganisms, 29 Hansenula anomala, 57
Heterotrophic
assimilation of C 02, 25, 32, 39 bacteria, 22, 26, 38, 233, 237, 241,
248, 254, 255, 261, 262, 319 aerobic, 241
anaerobic, 241
at sediment-water interface, 251 identification scheme, 319 in marine sediments, 255
vertical distribution, 254, 262-265 fixation of carbon dioxide, 23
flora, 346, 347 Heterotrophs, flora, 317 Hepatitis, 281, 283
virus, 282 Host DNA, 193
Host physiology and virus replication, 189-194
Hugh-Leifson's O/F test, 317-31 o Humic substances, 14
Hydrazide, 54 Hydrogen sulphide, 22 Hydroxy acids, 28 Hypolimnetic waters, 234
zones, 223
Hypolimnion, 6, 13, 30 I
IMVG patterns in the coliform group, 290
IMVG tests, 288, 289, 291-294 Indicator organisms, 276, 286
requirements, 277
in various sources, 327-334
Indicator species, media, methods for incubation, 309-318
Indicators
dispersion in sediments, 344-351 dispersion in water, 342-344 in extreme climates, 300
in receiving and surface waters, 333, in sewage and sewage effluents, 332, 334
333
in water examination, historical re- view, 278-280
methods for demonstrating, 3 0 2 - 318
other, 300-302
relationship between, 318-327 survey, 286-302
Inorganic nitrogen, levels in the sea, 50
routes of assimilation, 53 Intensity
of bacterial reproduction, 22-26 of chemosynthetic processes in nature,
31-34
of molecular nitrogen fixation, 3 4 - 38
Intracellular free amino acid pool, 76 Interactions within cyanophycean
blooms, 207-212
Iron and manganese oxidizing bacteria,
1 4
Iron in nitrogenase complex, 77 Isochrysis galbana, 85
Isolation of cyanophages from natural populations, 179-182
techniques, 180
j Jenkin surface-mud core,
sampler, 222, 227, 238, 239, 243 samples, 225, 232, 238, 240, 248, 250,
257
K Kidney disease, 350
Kinetics of prédation, 118-120 Kings agar B, 317, 346
Klebsiella, 71, 278, 289, 291, 300, 327, 329> 331
group, 331
aerogenes, 71, 72, 137, 147, 148, 157, 158, 169, 290, 292
cloacae, 290 ozaenae, 289
pneumoniae, 65, 66, 69, 70, 289 rhinoscleromatis, 289
Klebsiella-Enterobacter, 327 Koser's citrate, 318
Kovac's oxidase test, 317-319 Krebs cycle, 23, 27
L Lactobacter, 319
Lactose-fermenting bacteria in water examination, classification, 289-293 Lakes, 220
carbon content, 264
containing sulphur bacteria, 6 dystrophic, 36, 40
eutrophic, 32, 35 tropical, 35, 40
eutrophic and oligotrophic, 15-18, 220 nitrogenase activity in, 80
meromictic, 5, 29
mesotrophic, 13, 17, 18, 35, 40 sub-arctic, 36
nitrogen fixation in surface layer, 35 oligotrophic, 39, 40, 220
oxygen values in, 234
photosynthesis in different types, 40 sulphate reduction and chemosyn-
thesis, 26-34
total mineral content, 264 tropical, 35
"Lake series", 220, 221, 248, 252 Lambliasis, 282
Latent period, 188
Leptospirosis, 281
Leptothrix pseudovacuolata, depth of bio- logical niche, 12
Light absorption by brown bacteria, 9 diatoms, 7
Microcystis, 7
Pelochromatium roseum, 9 Pelodictyon luteolum, 9 purple bacteria, 9 sulphur bacteria, 9
Limit-cycle oscillations of populations, 137
Listeria, 319 Lotka-Volterra
ecology, 128
equations, 121-123, 125, 128-132, 134, 147, 164, 165, 170
analogue computer plot, 122 solution of, 123, 134 theory, 165
Lyngbya, 178, 183, 184, 195, 196, 203, 206, 207
Lysis first stage, 202
Lytic, actinomycetes, 194, 195 bacteria, 194, 195, 196 bacteria characteristics, 200
M Mackereth
cover, 268
oxygen electrode, 223
MacConkey's media, 293, 296, 309,
?>^-V% 317 Marine
environments, 51
phytoplankton, 63, 84, 90
pseudomonas (strain P L ) , 67, 70, 72
(strain SW2), 72 Mastigocladus, 80 Media, 240-242
Media and methods for incubation of indicator species, 309
Meromictic lake, 2, 5, 6, 9, 29, 34, 36 with mass development of C. phaeo-
bacteroides, M. personatum and Sidero- capsa, 10
Mesotrophic lake,
i3> J7> 18, 3 5 , 4 0 subarctic, 36
Metallogenium
biological niche, 10
development and distribution in a lake, 7, 11
personatum
development in narrow water layer,
13
parasitized by fungi, 13 parasitic on 0. prolifica, 7 M e t h a n e oxidation, 31, 32 Methilococcus methanooxidans, 27
Methods, media for enumerating bacteria in sediments, 233-240
for demonstrating indicators, 302 for handling samples, 223-233 for presumptive test of coliforms, 309 Michaelis-Menten, 84, 85, 119, 181 Microalgae, eukaryotic, 83
Microaerophilic conditions, 7 organisms, 237, 241
Microbial prey-predator interactions, 117-142
Microbiocoenoses, 38
Microbiological methods, 146-153 Micrococcus, 319
denitrificans, 67
Micrococci, 344, 347, 349, 352
Microcystis, 6, 35, 177, 183, 184, 196, 203, 206-211
light absorption at 680 nm, 7 aeruginosa, 35, 183, 196, 210, 211 musicola, 183
pulverea, 183 f. incerta, 183 Microfungi, 91 Micromonspora, 253
Minimal dose of infection, 284 Molecular nitrogen fixation, 34-38 Molybdenum in nitrogenase complex, Monitoring 77
the environment, 223 organisms, 276 Monochrysis, 51
Monod, equation, 150, 168 function, 131, 158, 164 kinetics, 131, 135, 165 relationship, 119 term, 132
theory, 157, 161, 165
Moraxella, 319
Most probable number ( M P N ) , 236, 237, 262, 307-309> 312, 313, 316, 317, 320, 326, 333, 340, 354, 356 Multiplication of LPP-DI in Plectonema, Mycobacterium, 54, 60, 319 193
Myxobacter
GP-type, 196, 199-201, 204 FP-I, 195, 199, 200, 202
44> !96, i99> 200, 202 fruiting, 197
Myxobacteria, 350
nonfruiting with low G + G ratio, 198
nonfruiting with high G + G ratio, 199-205, 208
Myxococcus, fulvus, sp., 195, 198 M. xanthus, 195, 198
N N A D , 57, 60
NAD-linked, glutamic dehydrogenase, 63, 71* 72
nitrate reductase, 58
NADH-linked glutamate dehydrogenase, 88
N A D H2, 38, 57, 59 N A D P , 60, 63
-linked alanine dehydrogenase, 60, 61 -linked F A D dependent nitrite reduc-
tase, 59
-linked G D H , 60, 63, 93, 94, 97 NADPH-linked, glutamate dehydrogen-
ase, 88
glutamic dehydrogenase, 63 Natural microbiocoenoses, 38 Neurospora, 63
crassa, 59 Nitrate, 56
assimilation, influence of ammonia, 88 reductase, 56, 82, 87
blue-green algal, 57 in fungi, 57
molybdo-protein complex, 57 NAD-linked, 58
reduction, 56-58, 67-69, 82, 83, 86, 87, 91-93
in eukaryotic algae, 57 light induced, 58
Nitrification, processes of, 31 Nitrifying bacteria, 26 Nitrate, 56
level in sea, 50 reductase, 58, 59, 82
of marine phytoplankton, 59 Nitrogen
assimilation, physiological and eco- logical aspects, 64-94
balance of the ecosystem, 78 cycle, 49
fixation, 34-38, 64-67, 73-82 effects of cobalt, 78 effects of copper, 77, 78 effects of phosphorus, 78 in aquatic environments, 64 in lakes, 37
in surface of lakes, 35 levels in sea, 50 metabolism, 193, 194 routes of assimilation, 53
Nitrogenase, 53, 55, 66, 67, 73, 74, 76, 80
activity in lakes, 80
activity in virus infected P. boryanum, iron and molybdenum requirements, 193
77
Nitrogenases, protein components, 54 JVocardia, 253, 319
Nodularia spumigena, 195, 197
Nonfruiting myxobacteria, G + G ratio, 198-205, 208
Nonparametric methods, 306 Nostoc, 81, 188, 195, 196, 198, 211
calcicola, 196 commune, 195
ellipsosporum, 196, 204 linckia, 195
muscorum, 76, 183, 184, 189-192, 195- i97> 199
piscinale, 196 punctiforme, 195, 197 Nostocaceae, 34
O Obligate autotrophs, 26, 27
Occurrence of pseudomonas strains related to coliform and faecal coliform counts, 324-327
Ochrobium, biological niche, 12 tectum biological niche, 13
Oligotrophic lakes, 15-19, 39, 40, 220 One-step growth curve, 188
Organic matter, degradation, 38-43 Oscillatoria, 35, 177, 178, 196, 203, 205,
206
agardii, var. isothrix, 205 proliféra (= prolifica?), 195 prolifica, 6, 7, 195
vertical distribution, 7 parasitized by M. personatum, 7 redekei, 196, 202, 205
rubescens, 6, 205 splendida, 210, 211
Oxalacetic acid, formation, 23 Oxidation-reduction potential, 285 Oxidative phosphorylation, 189 Oxido reductase NADP, 61 Oxoglutarate, 61
2-Oxyglutarate amino transferase, 61 Oxygen
uptake in situ from surface-mud core samples, 231-233
value in lakes, 234 Oxyuriasis, 282
P Paecilomyces elegans, 144 Paracolobactrum, 293 Paracolon, 293 Paramecium, 145
aurelia, 146 caudatum, 145 Parasitic diseases, 282
Particle morphology of cyanophages, 185 Paratyphoid, 281
Pathogens in the aquatic environment, 284
Pathogenic organisms associated to faecal coliforms, 320-322
Pattern of cyanophage multiplication, 187, 188
Plectobacterium, 292 Pelochromatium
roseo-viride
vertical distribution, 7 structure of consortium, 11 roseum, 11
absorption of light, 9
biological niche, 8
structure of the consortium, 10, 11 vertical distribution, 7
Pelodictyon luteolum, 21
biological niche, 8 light absorption, 9, 10 vertical distribution, 7, 10 in Pelochromatium roseo-viride con- sortium, 11
phaeum and P. phaevibrioides, biological niche, 8
Peloploca, 7
Pénicillium frequentans, 211 Peritrichous flagella, 319 Phacus, 144
longicaudus, 144 triqueter, 144
Phaeodactylum tricornutum, 51, 84, 86, 98 Pharyngo-conjunctival fever, 283 Phlyctochytrium, 92, 93
Phormidium, 173, 183, 184, 195, 196, 198, 207
luridium, 195, 196 tadzschicicum, 195 uncinatum, 196
Phosphoenolopyruvate carboxylase, 23 Phosphoenolopyruvic acid, 23
Phosphorus, effect on nitrogen fixation, 78 Phosphorylation, photo, oxidative, sub-
strate, 189 Photoautotrophic
cultures, 189 bacteria, 238 Photic zone, 17, 39
Photophosphorylation, 56, 189, 192 Photoreduction, 52
Photosynthesis, 36, 42, 191 African lakes, 16 algal and bacterial, 21 ecology, 14-22 in lakes, 18 layer, 30
of Asterionella formosa, 15 of phytoplankton, 38, 42
of phytoplankton, light intensity, 15 Photosynthetic bacteria, 9, 10, 64
distribution, 9, 15 sulphur, 14, 20, 22 nonsulphur, 224
Photosynthetic processes, 19, 31
intensity for phytoplankton, 20 in a lake, 21
in trophogenic layer, 17
Photosystem II in viral replication, 189 Phycomycetes, 91
Phycoviruses, 178 Phyllophora, 64
Physical and biochemical properties of some viruses, 185
Physiological and ecological aspects, 64
Physiological types of bacteria in mud samples, 256
Phytoplankton, 5, 6, 21, 34, 39, 50, 87 distribution, 9, 50, 64
diurnal photosynthesis, 25 growth conditions, 15
photosynthesis, 14-19, 26, 38-40, 42 in eutrophic lake, 17
in Japanese lake, 22
photosynthetic intensity, 20, 39 marine, 63
production in eutrophic lakes, 19 populations, 52
Pielou equation, 124 Plankton, 41 Planktonic
algae, 34 organisms, 41 populations, 51, 52 Plaque, forming units, 285
formation, 180 Plaques, 182
caused by bacterium GP-i, 204 of LPP viruses, DI and PIO, 181 Plate count, 278
Plectonema, 74, 178, 183, 184, 188, 192, 196, 198, 207, 208
boryanum, 181, 189-196 calothricoides, 196 LPP viruses in, 208 Poliovirus, 281, 282 Polyangium parasiticum, 19 7 Polyscytalum facundissimum, 144 Polymyxin-/?-sulphate, 212
Populations, limit-cycle oscillations, 137 Pour plate method, 233
Predators, 115
Prédation
dynamics and analysis, 116, 117, 121- 134
microbial interactions, 116, 127 kinetics, 118-120
Presumptive test of coliform, 312 Prey-predator, computer program, 136 Primary production, 16
Production and breakdown of organic matter, 42
of antibiotics in sediments, 350, 351 Productive lakes, 252
Properties of some viruses, 185 Propionibacterium pentosaccum, 22 Proteus, 349
Protozoa food preferences, 143, 144 Protozoan, predators, 116, 335
Protozoans, species, enumeration of, 237, 238
Pseudomonadales, 287 Pseudomonad(s), 275, 295, 351
in polluted and nonpolluted samples, 326
fluorescent, 296, 316
marine strains PLX, SW2, 68, 72, Pseudomonas, 67, 70, 198, 295, 296, 311, 73
319,325,326,344,347,349 aeruginosa, 68, 71, 99, 288, 295-297,
299, 3}6, 317, 324,325 azotogensis, 66
fluorescens, 68, 71, 99, 295 maltophila, 319
psychrophilic strain B4, 57, 98, 99 strain, salt sensitivity, 99
strains related to coliform counts, 325 Pseudoplasmodia, 167
Psychrophilic, forms, 25, 234 Purification of viruses, 182
Purple bacteria, absorption of light, 9 Purple sulphur bacteria, 19, 21 Pyrophosphate, 23
Pyruvic acid, 23 carboxylation, 22
o.
Qualitative experimental work, 143-145 Quantitative, expérimental work, 145-
methods for indicators, 302-308 153
R Raphidiopsis indica, 183 Red plaque, 350 Redmouth, 350 Redox potential
of surface sediments, 260 measurements, 255, 257
procedures for measuring, 229-231 Reductive amination, 88
Relationship between indicators, 318—
327 R-factors, 285 Reo-virus, 281
Rhizobium leguminosarum, 71 Rhizophydium, 92, 93
deformans, 203 megarrhizum, 203, 205 oscillatoriae-rubescentis, 203 subangulosum, 203 ubiquetum, 203 Rhizosiphon
akinetum, 203
anabaenae, 203, 206, 208, 209 crassum, 203
Rhodothece conspicua, 7 Rhodospirillum rubrum, 69, 70 Rhodotorula, 64, 92
Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase, 27 Rise period, 188
Roll-tube method, 236
Routes of assimilation of inorganic nitrogen, 53
S
Saccharomyces cerevesiae, 141, 148 Saccharomycodes ludwigii, 62, 93
Salmonella, 276, 281, 282, 284, 285, 302, 318, 320-322, 347, 350, 353, 354 typhi, 282, 284
paratyphi B, 282, 285, 350 typhimurium, 350
Sampling apparatus, 221, 222 Saprospira grandis, 178 Sarcina, 347
Saturation constants, 146 Saxitoxin, 211
Scherffeliomyces, 203 Schizosaccharomyces, 93
malidevorans, 62 pombe, 62
SDF (slow death factor), 211
Seasonal fluctuation in LPP viruses, 208 Secchi disk, 6, 16, 17
Sediment sampler, 221
samples from diving, 228, 229 redox potential, 229-231 organisms in, 349
Serology, 185
Serratia, 198, 288, 291-293, 328 marcescens, 149
marinorubra, 148, 157 Shigella, 282, 286
flexneri, 284 Siderocapsa
biological niche, 10 distribution in a lake, 11 oxygen in biological niche, 13 anulata, biological niche, 13 Simulation techniques, 134-142 Single-stage continuous culture, 163-170 Skeletonema costatum, 87, 88
Slime mould-bacteria systems, 163-168 Sodium sulphide, 34
Sorangium, 198
Source of algal lysing viruses, 179 Spirillum, 347, 349
Spirochaeta rosea, 178 Spirulina platensis, 196, 197
tenuis, 196
Spread plate procedure, 235
Standard methods in water examination, 278
Staphylococcus, 22, 302, 309 aureus, 317
epidermidis, 317
Steady-state, establishment of, 157 Stentor coeruleus, 144
Streptococci, faecal, 276, 317 Streptococcus, 319
bovis, 297 equinus, 297, 300
faecalis, 278, 299, 325, 326 var. liquifaciens, 297, 302 Streptomyces, 60, 195, 197, 253 Strict
aerobes, 243 anaerobes, 247 autotrophs, 26
Structural statements, 136
Substrate level phosphorylation, 189 Succinic acid, 22, 29
Sulphate-reducing bacteria, 27, 28, 224, 261
in consortia of P. roseon-viride and P. roseum, 11
Sulphate reduction in, lakes 26-34 Sulphomonas, 347
Sulphur bacteria, 6, 34 absorption at 710-750 nm, 9 development at depths, 8 growth conditions, 14 photosynthesizing, 20, 22
Sulphides, oxidation by thiobacteria, 33 Surface mud
core samples, oxygen uptake, 231-233 sampler, 222
Survey of indicators, 286
Synechococcus, 35, 181, 183, 184, 188, 191, 211
(MRG-i), 183
cedrorum, 183, 195, 196, 198 elongatus, 183
T Taeniasis, 282
Temperature and oxygen profiles, 248, 249
Test organisms, 276 Tetracystis intermedium, 198 Tetrahymena, 154
pyriformis, 137, 147, 148, 150-153*
i57~l 63> χ68, 169 vorax, 162
Tetraselmis, 51 suecica, 86
Theory of microbial prey-predator inter- actions, 117
Thermotolerant coliforms, 325 Thiobacillus, 261, 301, 347
thiooxidans, 347 Thiobacteria, 33, 34
Thiocapsa
biological niche, 8 roseopersicina, 8
vertical distribution, 9 Thiorhoclaceae, 53, 224
Thiospira, biological niche, 8 Thiospirillum, 65
Thiosulphate oxidizing bacteria, 258-259
Thiovolum, biological niche, 8 Thraustochytrium, 92, 93 Titration of LPP virus, 184
Torulopsis, 64
nitratophila, 57, 59, 92 Transformations, 306
Transformation of organic matter, 43 Trichinosis, 282
Trichodesmium, 73, 81
Trophic status of a reservoir, 19 Tularaemia, 281
Tuberculosis, 281 Typhoid, 281, 282
fever, 283
paratyphoid, 282, 286
Two-stage continuous culture, 155- 163
T50-T100 of E. coli, 338-341 U Ulva, 64
Unproductive lakes, 220, 252, 261 Urea in aquatic environments, 51 Uronema, 148, 157, 161, 162
V Verhulst
equation, 146 term, 129, 131
Verhulst-Pearl equation, 118 Vesicular exanthema, 283
Vibrio, 317, 319, 347, 350 cholera, 279, 282, 284 parahaemolyticus, 281, 282 Viral, DNA, 193
diseases, 281
infection effects, on dark respiration, 192, 193
on nitrogen metabolism, 193, 194 on nitrogenase, 193
on photosynthesis, 191-192 on physiology of host, 189-194 Virus, A-1 (L), 183
A P - i , 183 AR, 183
A S - i , 183, 185-189 AS-2, 181-183, 185, 186 G-i, 183
D - i , 181, 182, 185, 186, 191 LPP, 207
Virus (cont.)
LPP-i, 183-185, 187, 192, 193 LPP-2, 183, 185
LPP-iD, 183, 185, 193 LPP-iG, 183, 185, 188 LPP-G111, 189 N - i , 183-188, 191, 192 P2, 183
P3> 183 P4, 183 P i o , 181, 182 S-i, 183, 185-187 S M - i , 183-187, 189, 191 replication, 188, 189
host physiology, 189-194 requirement for ATP, 189 Viruses, of blue-green algae, 178-194
purification of, 182
Voges-Proskauer's reaction, 317
W
Water-borne diseases, 280-284 Westiellopsis prolifica, 62
Wilson's methods for examination of water and sewage, 311, 313
Winkler method, 39
Woodruffia metabolica, 145, 146 Wood-Werkman reaction, 23
X Xanthomonas, 319
Y Yeasts, 63, 237, 282
Yield coefficients, 146, 148, 149 Z
Zoological methods, 145 Zooplankton, 25, 50
