Subject Index
A A F , 2 1 6 Aborigines
Australian, 9 9
A C T H , 197, 2 0 0 , 209, 2 1 4 , 2 2 0 , 2 3 2 , 2 4 3 assaying, 2 4 8
basal release rate, 2 1 5 Δ - 1 fraction, 2 0 3 endogenous, 2 4 9 exogenous, 2 4 9
inhibiting the release, 2 1 5 mice, 2 3 7
rabbits, 237 rats, 2 3 7
regulation of the release, 213 release, 2 1 6 , 2 1 7
release fraction, 2 1 5 secretion, 2 3 7 , 2 5 8 secretion of A D H , 241 secretion of aldosterone, 2 0 2 synthesis, 2 1 6
A c t i v i t y
hyperactivity, 9 minimal, 9 normal level, 16
normal nocturnal period, 16 24-hour rhythm, 9
endocrine glands of, 192 evolutionary, 123 A d a p t i v e mechanisms, 190
atrophy, 2 4 4 Adaptive responses
measurements of the endocrine, 2 4 2 Adenohypophysis, 2 1 4 , 2 3 3
arterial supply, 2 1 3 A D H , 2 0 1 , 2 1 4 , 241 Adirondacks, 55 A d j u s t m e n t
learned, 8 9 Adrenal
androgen, 2 0 6
effect on nursing young, 2 7 6 atrophy, 2 3 8
ascorbic acid, 2 4 8 depletion, 192 Callothrix argentata, 196 cat, 195
Cercopithecus, 195, 196
chimpanzee, 195 cholesterol, 192, 193, 2 4 8 circulation, 195
Citellus tridecemlineatus, 196 Clethrionomys glareolus, 196 colobus m o n k e y , 196 Colobus polykomos, 196
cortex, 191, 192, 193, 217, 2 4 5 , 2 4 6 hormones, 199
human beings, 2 1 2 lipid vacuoles, 194
measurements of increased function, 2 4 5
Microsorex hoyi, 2 4 6 parenchyma, 195 Sorex cinereus, 2 4 6 Sorex dispar, 2 4 6 Sorex fumeus, 2 4 6 Sorex palustris, 2 4 6 secretory activity, 248 sex steroids, 2 1 9
sex steroidal activity, 218 sudan ophilia, 197 X - z o n e , 2 1 7 X - z o n e of mice, 2 8 2 zona fasciculata, 194 zona glomerulosa, 194, 199 zona reticularis, 194 zonation of, 194 demedullation, 228 cow, 196
Crocidura, 196 gland, 192
effects of hypophysectomy on, 196 fetal zones of the, 195
general morphology of, 193 ground squirrels, 196 hamsters, 196
histologic measurements, 247 histology, 195
humans, 195, 196 hypertrophy, 238, 2 4 6 lipid content, 193 Lor is, 196
Macaca mulatto,, 195 macaque, 195, 196 marmoset, 196
Adrenal—continued
medulla, 193, 198, 2 2 3 , 2 2 4 , 2 4 5 , 2 4 6 hypertrophy, 199
Microsorex hoyi, 2 4 6 Sorex dispar, 2 4 6 Sorex fumerus, 2 4 6 Sorex cinereus, 2 4 6 Sorex palustris, tumors, 199
Mesocricetus auratus, 196 mice, 196
Microtus agrestis, 196 Microtus arvalis, 196 monkeys, 195, 196 Ornithorhynchus, 195 Oryctolagus, 195 P a n , 195
Perodicus potto, 195 pituitary, 197 Pitymys, 196 potto, 195 primates, 195 rabbits, 195
laboratory rabbit, 195 rats, 195, 196, 198
N o r w a y rat, 195 wild rats, 195,
Rattus alexandrinus, 195 Raitus norvegicus, 195 regulation of hormones, 213 reticularis, 198
samples, 2 4 7 slow loris, 196 Sorex araneus, 196 starvation, 196 steroids, 2 1 9 steroid secretion, 192
androgenic metabolites, 219 synthesis, 2 1 9
Tachyglossus, 195 transplantation, 2 1 8 ungulates, 196 vascularization, 195 weight, 192, 2 4 5
factor, 2 1 6 fighting, 2 6 4 variation, 2 4 6 X - z o n e , 196
Adrenalectomized animals, 201 Adrenocortical activity
indices, 211
in natural populations, 3 0 0 sudanophilia, 2 4 8
Adrenocortical-gonadal interrelationships, 2 1 8
Adrenocorticotropin, 196, 197, 205, 2 1 3 , 220, 2 2 2
release, 2 1 6 secretion, 2 1 5
secretion of aldosterone, 202, 2 0 5 inaccuracy of determining, 3 0 8 A g e
determination b y teeth, 311 A l a r m stimulus, 192
Alberta, 5 4
Albino mice (see also mice) trichinosis, 2 7 8
Aldosterone, 199 release, 2 1 7 , 243 secretion
decrease in blood volume stimulates, 2 0 4
and pulse pressure, 2 0 4
stimulation b y decrease in blood volume, 2 0 4
regulation, 2 0 2 , 203 renal hemodynamics, 2 0 4 stimulation of, 203 Aliesterase, 2 0 0 Alley
emotional activity, 177 Alouatta palliata, 9 0 A l p h a individuals, 59
central, 59 Amines
pressor, 2 2 5 A m i n e oxidases, 223 Androgen, 2 1 7
adrenocortical, 2 1 9 cortical, 2 2 0 precursors, 2 0 6 ' Androgenic steroids
house mice, 2 2 0 man, 2 2 0 rats, 2 2 0 Androstenedione
gonadotropic activity, 2 2 0
Animal (see also specific animal names), 2 3 9
laboratory, 2 6 2 Anteliomys smithii
inhibition of reproductive function, 3 1 8
Subject Index 365
A n t i b o d y formation, 255, 278 inhibition, 2 1 0
Antibodies stored, 211
Antidiuretic hormone, 2 0 1 Antigonadotrophic activity, 2 1 1 Area
determination, 8 4 Ascendency
dominant, 5 5 psychological, 5 5 Ascorbic acid, 217, 237
adrenal, 2 1 6 , 2 4 8 factor, 2 1 6 Associations
intraspecific, 6 4 Audition, 3 8
Australian aborigines, 9 7 Avoidance
of a strange field, 17 Awareness
of self, 150 A W F , 2 1 6
Bainbridge
cardiac reflex, 2 3 0 Balance
electrolyte, 192 fluid, 192
Barter Island, Alaska, 3 1 8 Basic group size, 113, 125 Basic number, 3
B a t s (see also generic names such as Myotis), 193
Behavior, 15, 158 alterations, 9 4 cultural origin, 124 exploratory, 175 genetic origin, 124 Behavioral sink, 9 3
development b y N o r w a y R a t , 9 2 B e t a individuals, 5 9
Bivariate normal distribution, 2 0 function, 4, 3 9
Blarina, 29, 30, 3 1 , 3 2 , 36, 38, 5 2 , 6 1 , 6 4 , 66, 68, 69, 7 2 , 7 5 , 76, 7 8 , 8 0
population, 3 0 5 Brain
subcortical portion, 15
British Columbia indians of, 9 9
Broadbent's theory, 70, 7 2 B r o w n fat, 194
Cages
" l i f e - s p a c e , " 179 Callothrix argentata, 196 Capture
cumulative probability, 21 Carbohydrate-active corticoids
suppressive effects, 2 0 9 Cl9
steroids, 2 0 6 , 217, 2 1 9 ketosteroids, 2 0 5 Caribou, 122 C a t c h
comparative, 29, 30, 3 1 , 3 2 decline, 56
Huntington Wildlife Forest, 29, 3 0 M a i n e (1950) and M a r y l a n d ( 1 9 5 3 ) , 31 Peromyscus and Clethrionomys, 3 2 Cattle, 194
Cells
inflammatory, 2 1 0 Census
3 0 - d a y , 5 3
Central nervous system, 191 integrative role, 2 4 2 m e m o r y store, 134 Cercopithecus, 195, 196 Cervus nippon, 3 2 3
population density, 3 0 6 Chadwick W o o d s , 7 6 Changes
environmental, 190 liver, 2 6 0
pancreas, 2 6 0 parotid, 2 6 0
visceral degenerative, 2 6 0 Chimpanzee, 195
Chromaffin cells, 198
tissue, 195, 2 2 3 , 2 2 5 Circulatory collapse, 2 4 4 Citellus tridecemlineatus, 196
Clethrionomys, 27, 30, 3 1 , 3 2 , 3 3 , 3 4 , 3 5 , 3 6 , 52, 53, 54, 55, 6 1 , 6 7 , 68, 69, 7 0 , 7 5 , 78, 80, 8 3 , 8 5 , 88, 3 1 4 , 3 2 3
inhibition of growth and reproduction, 3 1 6
individuals forming, 6 3 loosely knit, 8 8
number of individuals forming, 61 periphery, 6 0
theoretical, 6 2 Contact
between individuals, 105
decrease of responsive-responsive, 107 encounters, 106
frequency, 38, 106, 139
frequency of responsive-responsive, 106 individual, 106
refractory, frequency of, 105 responsive-refractory, 103 responsive-responsive, 103 social perception, 136 variables determining, 101 Copulation pressure
criticized, 2 9 3
Cortex (see also adrenal cortex), 7 2 adrenocorticotropin, 197 cellular hyperplasia, 213 fasciculata, 198 hypertrophy, 213 Cortical glomerulosa, 2 1 6 Cortical hormones
relationships, 2 1 2 Cortical hyperplasia
cortical, 2 1 8 Cortical mass
increase, 135 Cortical stroma
carnivores, 194 rodents, 194 Corticoids
carbohydrate-active, 220, 2 4 5 secretion, 2 2 2
Corticosteroids release, 213
Corticosterone, 205, 2 0 6 mice, 208
rats, 2 0 8
Corticotropin peptides, 2 0 0 Corticotropin-releasing factor, 2 1 4 Cortisone, 196, 197, 205, 2 3 2
tetratogenic effects in mice, 210 Cotton rat, (see also Sigmodon), 3 2 3 C o w , 196
Creativity, 162 Crocidura, 196 Clethrionomys —continued
relationship between population density and reproduction, 3 1 0
reproductive function, 3 1 4 Clethrionomys glareolus, 19G Clethrionomys rufocanus, 311
population density, 308, 313 territory, 3 0 0
inhibition of reproductive function, 3 1 8 Close confinement
effects of, 271 Codominants, 6 7 Cold
adaptation, 228 exposure, 2 3 4 Colobus polykomos, 196 Colony
compact, 86 evolution of, 8 8 Howler monkeys, 90, 9 2 N o r w a y rat, 9 2 formation, 8 7 stability, 8 9
Communication, 38, 125 low frequency, 59 Communication
reduction, 67 vocal, 7 0
Communication constant, 133 Communication function (μ), 126 C o m m u n i t y , 2, 8, 32, 35, 49, 55, 74, 78
Blarina: Peromyscus, 73 one-species, 73
psychological apex, 79 small-mammal, 75 Sorex: Clethrionomys, 73 subordinate member, 78 Competition, 7 8
food and social, 271 social, 2 6 2
" C o m p e t i t i v e exclusion," 77 Configuration
active rejection of new, 179 physical nonsocial, 183 seeking of new, 178 Conformity, 162 Constellation, 8 5 adjoining, 6 0
derivation of compact colonies from, 86 expected viability in, 61
formation, 57
Subject Index 367
Crocidura russula, 197 Cultural disturbance, 9 9 Cynomys ludovicianus, 122 Cytochrome, 2 3 0
C y t o c h r o m e oxidase, 2 2 3 , 2 3 0
<2-gene, 134
differentiation in a similarity rank hierarchy, 142
dominant, 128, 141 recessive, 128, 141
transformation of recessive, 159 D C A , 2 0 5
D O C , 2 0 5 D O C A , 2 0 5 Deer
adrenals, 3 0 5
Northern Wisconsin, 9 5 white-tailed, 9 5 yarding, 9 5
Deer mice (see also Peromyscus), 3 2 2 Dehydroepiandrosterone, 2 0 6 , 2 1 2 D e n s i t y
actual, 5 3 high, 5 3 increase, 138 low, 5 3 low spring, 5 4
D e n s i t y function, 4, 6, 4 4 , 4 5 , 47 Cartesian coordinates, 4 Deoxycorticosterone, 196, 199 Diabetes, 2 4 1
Dicrostonyx (see also lemming) 3 2 3 Dicrostonyx groenlandicus
population cycles, 3 1 8 Diestrus, 2 3 9
Differences
morphologic, 190
Diffuse m o t o r activity ( D M A ) , 175 Digestive organs
effect of stimuli, 2 5 3 Diiodotyrosine, 2 3 0 Disease resistance
in dense populations, 3 1 9 Distance
between neighbors, 4 4
methods of calculating data, 4 4 Distribution
spatial, 58, 5 9 uniform, 81
D o g
adrenal medulla, 2 2 5 dominant, 2 6 5
hypophysectomized, 2 3 3 release of radioiodine, 2 3 3 subordinate, 2 6 5
secretion of aldosterone, 2 0 3 D o m i n a n c e
psychological, 7 4 , 7 5 , 7 7 , 7 9
Effector, 134 Eimeria stiedae, 3 2 2 Electrolyte balance, 201 11-Deoxycorticosterone, 2 0 5
I l-Deoxy-17-hydrocorticosterone, 2 0 5 I I B-Hydroxytestosterone, 211 1 1 - O H 4 A D , 2 0 6 , 211
Elk, 122 E m b r y o
resorption of, 3 1 0
E m o t i o n a l activity alley, 181 Encounters, 106
Endocrine
adaptive mechanisms, 191 adaptive responses, 189 function
inhibition, 221 organs
relationships, 2 2 7
Endogenous corticosteroid secretion, 211 E n v i r o n m e n t
abnormal, 108 external, 190 impact on, 4 3
of all individuals, 4 4
initial hyperactivity in a strange, 15 internal, 190, 261
o p t i m u m uniform utilization, 6 0 shifts, 190
structured, 11 two-dimensional, 8 Environmental factors, 190 Eosinopenia, 2 5 2
Eosinophil
as index of adrenocortical activity, 211 counts, 2 5 2 , 2 8 5
as index of population density, 2 8 4 Epinephrine, 209, 2 1 6
action, 2 1 5 effects, 2 2 3 , 2 2 4 secretion, 226, 227
Estradiol, 208 Estrus, 2 3 9
changes, 258 Evolution, 51
cultural, 98, 122
of a new species or genus, 87 of compact colony, 8 8 of a filtering device, 134 probable cause, 7 4 man's social, 184 social, 3, 137
Facilitation, 151 Factor
communication-inhibiting, 112, 139 contact-blinding, 112, 139
Families human, 100 F : B ratio
monkeys, 2 0 6 mice, 2 0 6 rabbits, 2 0 6 rats, 2 0 6
Feedback mechanisms physiologic, 190 Female
asexual, 88 estrus, 89
Ferguson activity a l k y , 8, IS Fertility
density, 2 9 0 female, 2 3 9 male, 2 3 9 mouse, male, 2 9 0 Fetus
congenital defects, 2 1 0 growth and development, 2 5 9 prenatal mortality, 2 9 3 resorption, 9 5
Fighting
as a measure of social rank, 267 as form of stress, 2 6 4
Filter
Broadbent, 71 neural, 7 1 , 74 system, 77 F o o d
limiting population growth, 298
F o o d
scarcity, 9 8 F o o d supply
effects on population growth, 2 9 6 Frequency
of meeting of responsive individuals, 112 of meeting of responsive-nonresponsive
individuals, 112 Frustrations
optimum, 119 F S H , 2 5 9 Functions
interaction, 113
G e n e
d-,
128 frequency, 125 m u t a n t , 125 Gene pool, 125 G a m m a individuals, 59 Gastrointestinal tracteffect of stimuli, 2 5 3 integrative role, 2 4 2 Glomerular filtration rate, 201 Glomerulotropin, 2 0 3 , 2 0 5
depression, 2 0 4 secretion, 2 0 4 Glucagon, 2 4 0 Glucocorticoids, 2 4 5 Glucose utilization
inhibition, 2 0 9 Glycogen
exhaustion, 2 5 3 showshoe hares, 2 5 3 voles, 2 5 3
levels
factors altering, 253 Glycosuria, 2 0 9 Gonadal endocrine cells
steroids, 2 1 9 G o n a d e c t o m y , 2 1 9 Gonadotropin, 2 1 7 , 2 1 9
inhibition, 2 1 1 , 2 2 0 production, 211 secretion
suppression, 2 5 7 , 3 0 9 Granulation
effect of corticoidson, 2 5 4
Subject Index 369
Gravidum, 3 0 9 G r o u n d squirrels
thirteen-lined, 196 Group dynamics
formulation, 101 Group size
basic, 3 change, 125
effect on reproduction, 91 optimum, 2
saltatorial changes in the basic, 122 satisfaction and frustration as a function
116 Growth, 2 5 4
eftects of increased population density, 2 7 6
house mice, 2 9 9 population, 189 Guinea pig
harderian glands, 2 4 0 hydrocortisone, 2 3 6 medullary hypertrophy, 2 2 7
pituitary-adrenocortical activity, 2 7 3 Guinea pig
pneumococcal infection, 2 5 6 streptococcal infection, 2 5 6 thyroid activity, 2 3 6 tuberculosis infections, 2 5 6
H a b i t a t , 4 2 marginal, 4 5 one-dimensional, 8
unstructured one-dimensional, 9 unsuitability, 8 0
H a m s t e r , 196 golden, 194 poliomyelitis, 2 5 6 sudanophilia, 2 4 8
Hare (see also Lepus), 319, 323 mortality, 3 2 2
population density and parasitism, 3 2 2 relationships between population den-
sity and reproduction, 3 1 0 Harvest mice, 6
Hematopoiesis, 251 Hibernating gland, 194 Hierarchical situation, 263
Hierarchy formation
reductions in velocity of, 153 Histamine, 2 1 6
Homeostasis circulatory, 192 electrolyte, 2 0 2 , 2 0 5 fluid, 2 0 2 , 2 0 5
H o m e range, 20, 2 5 , 36, 38, 4 2 , 164 behavioral origins of the bivariate
normal, 8 bivarate normal, 4
center, 4, 2 3 , 3 9 , 4 2 , 4 3 , 4 7 , 57, 58, 7 2 actual, 6 4
" i d e a l " interval between, 4 5 o p t i m u m interval, 51 uniform distribution, 59 clumping, 6 7
contracted, 5 4 enlargement, 76 expansion, 68, 7 9 fixed, 7 7
inhibition, 53, 78, 8 0
intraspecific differences in size of, 7 5 m u t u a l inhibition of, 7 9
overlapping, 67 periphery, 51 reduction, 7 0 relative, 165
relative, of constellation members, 166 schematic
for Blarina, 6 5 for Peromycus, 65 for Pitymys, 66 sigma, 5, 6 size, 5 3
social inhibition, 7 0 travel-path, 2 4 Homo sapiens, 57 H o r m o n e
antidiuretic, 241 anti-inflammatory, 2 0 8 fascicular action, 2 0 8
regulation of secretion of the fascicular, 2 1 3
H o s t resistance decrease, 2 1 0
effect of crowding, 2 7 9 infectious disease, 2 7 9 parasites, 2 7 9
House mice (see also mice, mouse, Mus), 140, 148, 180, 197, 251
A C T H and gonadotropin relationship, 2 6 0
adrenals, 2 0 6
adrenal cortex, 2 1 7 , 2 8 2 adrenal weight, 2 6 6 albino, 2 6 9 birth rates, 2 9 2 competition, 2 7 1 competition for food, 2 9 7 crowding mortality, 2 8 0 decrease in reproduction, 2 8 6 food, 2 9 6
growth, 2 7 6 inanition, 2 7 2 inhibited growth, 2 9 9 intra-uterine mortality, 221 litter survival, 2 9 4
nests, 2 9 4
pituitary-adrenocortical activity, 273 resorption of the embryos, 221 responses to increased population den-
sity, 281
responses to sociopsychologic factors, 2 6 9
self-limited populations, 2 9 9 social pressure, 2 8 8 spermatogenesis, 2 8 8 splenic hypertrophy, 272 trichinosis, 2 7 8
wild, 2 6 9 wild-stock, 2 8 0 Howler M o n k e y s , 90, 121 H u m a n s , 196
H u m a n s
dominant, 132 hypothyroidism, 2 3 8
responses to sociopsychologic factors, 2 6 9
thyroid, 232, 2 3 6 H u m field, 4 1 , 5 0 H u m o r a l substance, 16 Huntington Forest, 27, 61, 82 Hyaluronidase, 2 0 9
Hydrocortisone, 205, 2 3 6 Hydrocortisone
cats, 2 0 6 ferrets, 2 0 6 guinea pigs, 2 0 6
humans, 2 0 6 mice, 2 0 8 monkeys, 2 0 6 rats, 2 0 8 sheep, 2 0 6 Hyperactivity, 175
in a strange environment, 16 Hyperglycemia, 209, 2 2 4 , 2 2 6 Hyperthyroidism, 2 3 9 H y p e r t r o p h y
cortical, 2 1 6
Hypoglycemic shock, 320, 321 H y p o p h y s e c t o m y
secretion of aldosterone, 202, 2 0 3 H y p o t h a l a m i c centers, 2 1 6
Indians
K u n g h i t Haida, 99 Individuals
alpha, 59, 6 1 , 165 beta, 59, 165 g a m m a , 59, 165 Infection
resistance to, 2 5 6 Inflammation
effect of corticoids on, 254 Inflection point
arithmetic, 121 Inhibitory influence, 38 Input
rates, 56 Insulin, 2 4 0
Intensity of action, 112 Interaction
constant, 115 frequency, 108 frustrating, 119 intensity, 115
m a x i m u m frequency, 114 positively affective, 112 refractory, 109 responsive, 109
variables determining, 101 Interconstellation matrix, 60, 68 Intraspecific competition, 2 6 3 Intrauterine mortality, 2 5 9 Invasion
induced, 8 0 Iodine, 2 3 0 Iraq, 99
Islets of Langerhans, 240
Subject Index
3 7 1Isolation spatial, 6 9 Isolation cage, 17 Jarmo site, 99
Kendall's compound A, 2 0 5 B, 2 0 5
E , 2 0 5 F, 2 0 5
Lactation failure, 2 6 0 inhibition, 2 9 4
L e m m i n g (see also Dicrostonyx and Lemmus), 3 2 0
populations
cyclic decline, 3 1 9 mortality, 3 2 2 population cycles, 3 1 8 Lemmus, 3 0 5 , 3 2 3 Lemmus trimucronatus
population cycles, 3 1 8 Lepus (see also hare), 323 Lepus americanus
relationships between population den- sity and reproduction, 3 1 0 Life-space quadrants
shifts into the second and fourth b y rats, 159
Lipid mobilizing factor, 241 Lipogenesis, 2 0 9
Litter mortality factors causing, 2 9 5 mice, 2 9 4
size, 2 3 9 survival
effect of increasing density on, 2 9 5 effect of nests on, 2 9 5
factors, 2 9 4 mice, 2 9 3 , 2 9 4 voles, 2 9 3 , 2 9 6 Liver, 2 6 0
glycogen, 2 5 2 L M F , 2 4 1 Loris, 196 L y m p h nodes
weights, 249, 2 5 0 L y m p h o c y t e s
as indices of adrenocortical activity, 2 1 1
criteria of stress, 2 5 1 counts, 251
Lymphocytolysis, 211 Lymphocytopoiesis
depression, 211 Lymphocytopoiesis
depression, 211 L y m p h o i d organs
nucleic acid content of, 2 5 5 L y m p h o i d tissue
growth, 2 5 0 involution, 2 5 0
Macaca mulatta, 195 Macaque, 196 Maine, 3 2 , 54 M a l e
dominant, 8 9 rats, pansexual, 162 reduction of, 9 0 territorial, 161
M a m m a l s (see also specific names) adrenalectomized, 208
European, 196
M a n (see also human) 121, 173, 194 anestrus, 2 2 0
basic numbers for, 97 corticosteroid production, 2 6 8 ovarian atrophy, 2 2 0 M a r k i n g
with red dye, 76 M a r m o s e t , 196 Marmota, 193
relationships between population den- sity and reproduction, 3 1 0 Marmota monax, 122
M a r y l a n d , 3 2
M o n t g o m e r y C o u n t y , 6 9 M e a d o w mouse (see Microtus) M e d u l l a (see also adrenal)
adrenal, 198
basophilic granules, 198 chromaffin cells, 198 M e d u l l a r y hyperplasia
mice, 198 ungulates, 198
Mesocricetus auratus (see also hamster), 194, 196
Metestrus, 2 3 9
M i c e (see also house mouse, Mus, white- footed mice, mouse), 26, 148, 170, 193, 196, 198, 212, 218, 222, 257, 264, 2 7 7 , 2 9 3 , 3 0 9
adrenals, 200 adrenal weights, 2 4 6 adrenocortical responses, 2 7 0 albino, 2 6 4
androgen, 221 anestrus, 220
antibody formation, 278 blood level of T S H , 237 corticosterone, 2 3 6
Coxsackie infections, 256, 257 decline in birthrate, 291 during pregnancy, 196 effect of new environment, 2 6 5 effect of overcrowding, 2 6 9 effect of population density, 274 effect of social pressures, 2 6 8 eosinophil counts, 2 5 2
fighting social competition, 287 gonadotropins, 3 0 9
harderian glands, 2 4 0 hierarchy, 2 6 5
hypoglycemic shock, 321 hypophysectomized, 2 1 2 inanition, 2 2 2
inbred, 2 7 4 inbred albino, 2 7 3 laboratory, 196 lactation, 2 7 4
medullary hypertrophy, 2 2 7
method of inducing an inflammatory response, 2 7 7
nursing, 2 1 0 ovarian atrophy, 2 2 0 ovaries, 2 2 0
pituitary-adrenocortical activity, 2 7 3 pneumococcal infection, 2 5 6 pregnant, 2 1 0
preputial glands, 2 9 2 radiothyroidectomized, 2 3 9 release of iodine, 2 3 8 reproduction, 2 7 4
reproductive suppression, 2 7 5 resistance to infection, 2 7 7 shock death, 2 2 5
social hierarcy, 2 6 4
sociopsychologic interactions, 280
splenic hypertrophy, 2 4 2 , 2 7 3 , 274 streptococcal infection, 2 5 6 susceptibility to trichinella, 2 7 7 testes, 2 3 8
t h y m u s , 2 8 3 thyroid activity, 2 3 5 trichinosis, 2 5 7 tuberculosis, 257, 2 7 9 tuberculosis infections, 2 5 6 Microsorex hiyi, 193, 2 4 6
Microtus (see also voles), 77, 3 0 1 , 3 0 5 , 3 2 3 hypoglycemic shock, 3 2 0
natural populations, 3 0 3
relationships between population den- sity and reproduction, 3 1 0
" s h o c k disease", 2 2 5
Microtus agrestis, 196, 2 5 1 , 2 7 3 , 323 behavior, 2 2 2
estrous pattern, 2 2 2
inhibition of growth and reproduction, 3 1 6
number of births, 2 2 2
responses to increased population den- sity, 281
sociopsychologic factors, 2 6 4 splenic hypertrophy, 2 7 3 Microtus arvalis, 196, 2 1 8
confined populations, 2 7 2 crowding mortality, 2 8 0 sex accessories, 2 1 9 Microtus californicus, 323
reproduction, 3 1 7
Microtus montanus, 3 0 5 , 3 1 6 , 317, 3 2 0 , 3 2 3 population density, 3 0 3 , 314
population fluctuation, 3 0 3 Microtus ochrogaster
reproduction, 3 1 7 Microtus oeconomus
population cycles, 3 1 8 Microtus orcadensis
nucleus pulposus enlargement, 261 sociopsychologic factors, 2 6 4 splenic hypertrophy, 2 7 3 Microtus pennsylvanicus, 3 2 3
adrenocortical-density relationships, 3 0 4 adrenal weight, 2 8 5
body-adrenal relationships, 2 4 7
effect of increased population density, 2 8 4
Subject Index 373
lice, 3 2 2
litter-size, 308, 317
population fluctuations, 3 0 4 productive cycle, 3 1 9
responses to increased population den
sity, 281 Migrations
lemming, 86
M i l k let-down reflect, 258
M o n k e y (see also Rhesus m o n k e y ) , 194 brucellosis, 2 5 6
colobus, 196 corticoids, 2 6 8 malaria, 2 5 6 M o o s e , 122 M o r t a l i t y
alterations, 9 4
effect of crowding on, 2 7 9 immediate cause, 3 2 3 increase, 3 2 3
in dense populations, 3 1 9 mass, 3 2 2
of young factors, 321 prenatal, 3 1 5 M o t o r activity, 16 M t . Desert Island, 33, 53
M o u s e (see also mice), 196, 170, 175 adrenalectomized laboratory, 201 adrenal gland, 196
adrenal weight, 197 albino, 2 8 0
copulation pressure, 2 8 9 crowding mortality, 2 8 0 development of, 196 dominant, 2 6 4 fertility, 2 8 8 fights, 2 9 6 male fertility, 2 8 9
Noninovolution of X - z o n e , 2 5 8 puberty, 197
M o u s e (see also Clethrionomys) red-backed, 27, 5 2 , 5 4 subordinate, 2 6 4 tundra, 3 1 8
velocity in a hierarchy, 149 M u l e deer, 122
does, 2 4 fawns, 24 males, 24
Μ us (see also mice and mouse)
inhibition of growth and reproduction, 3 1 6
M u s k r a t (see also Ondatra), 3 2 3 endocrines, 3 0 5
relationships between population den
sity and reproduction, 3 1 0 reproduction, 3 1 7
reproductive organs, 3 0 5
Μ us musculus (see also mice and mouse), 196, 2 1 7
medullary hypertrophy, 227
responses to increased population den
sity, 281 Myotis, 193 Μyotis grisecens, 122 Myotis lucifugus, 122 Myotis yumanensis, 122 Myotis velifer, 122
Natural populations, 3 2 3 Natural selection, 122 Neighbors
contacting, 45, 4 6 distance between, 50 number of, 51 perception of, 51 signal field, 4 7 sign field, 4 7 N e r v e s
postganglionic sympathetic, 223 splanchnic sympathetic, 223 N e r v o u s system
sympathetic, 2 2 3 Neurohypophysis, 2 1 4 , 241 Neutrophil
count, 2 5 2 N e w Y o r k , 3 3 , 5 4 N e w Zealand, 3 2 2 Niche
characterization, 7 7 primary component of, 7 7 specializations, 7 4
N I H Emotional Activity Alley, 17 Norepinephrine, 2 0 9
effects, 2 2 3 , 2 2 4 secretion, 226, 2 2 7 source, 2 2 5
N o r t h American Census of Small M a m mals, 26
N o r w a y R a t (see also rat, Rattus), 87, 180, 195, 320, 3 2 3
adrenalectomized, 2 0 2 adrenal weight, 266, 301
behavioral sink development b y , 9 2 body-adrenal relationships, 2 4 7 domesticated, 163, 175 inhibition of reproduction, 307 intra-uterine mortality, 221 laboratory, 195
relationships between population den- sity and reproduction, 3 1 0 reproductive depression, 291 resorption of the embryos, 221
responses to sociopsychologic factors, 2 6 9
rural population, 3 0 2 social competition, 273
sociopsychologic interactions, 2 8 0 subordinate males, 2 6 5
wild, 179, 183, 195, 2 6 5 N u m b e r
total of individuals, 110
Oak, 6 4
Ondatra (see also muskrat), 3 2 3
relationships between population den- sity and reproduction, 3 1 0 Ondatra zibethica
reproduction, 3 1 7
Open-field emotional behavior, 89 Orders, 122
Organ
isolated, 191 Ornithorhynchus, 195 Oryctolagus, 193, 3 2 3 Os penis
stimulation, 2 1 2 Ovary, 194 Ovaries
androgens, 220
Pan, 195 Pancreas, 2 6 0 Pancreatic islets, 2 4 0 Pantothenic acid
deficient, 2 2 2 Parasitism, 3 2 2 Parotid, 260
Particle basic, 2
general classes, 3 Partner
choosing of, 154
data regarding the choosing of, 156 Perception, 89, 139
Perodicus potto, 195
Peromyscus, 29, 30, 3 1 , 3 2 , 3 3 , 3 4 , 3 5 , 36, 52, 53, 54, 55, 6 1 , 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 7 5 , 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 88, 3 2 3 Peromyscus boylii
inhibition of reproduction, 307 Peromyscus leucopus
pituitary-adrenocortical, 273 population, 3 0 5
Peromyscus maniculatus inhibition of reproduction, 307 lice, 3 2 2
productive cycle, 3 1 9 Personality, 158 Phagocytosis
inhibition, 2 1 0 Physiologic adaptation
generalized effects, 2 5 4 Physiology
classical, 184 evolution, 6 0 reproductive, 9 5 Pigs, 194
Pine, 6 4 Pineal, 2 0 4
Pipistrellus (see also b a t ) , 193 Pitressin, 2 1 4 , 2 3 2
Pituitary
anterior, 197, 2 2 0 antidiuretic, 241 gonadotropins, 257 hormones, 2 1 8
lipid mobilizing factor, 241 posterior, 241
secretion of aldosterone, 203
Pituitary-adrenocortical exhaustion, 2 2 6 tumors, 2 1 8
Pitymys, 3 2 , 5 2 , 6 4 , 66, 69, 7 0 , 76, 196 Pitymys subterraneus, 196, 197 Population, 189
collapse, 3 1 4 densities, 190, 2 3 8 fertility, 2 9 0
Subject Index 375
fixed size, 2 6 3 food-limited, 2 9 8 freely growing, 2 8 1 individuals of, 103 limited size, 2 8 0
methods for estimating natural, 3 0 5 natural, 190, 2 6 2 , 3 0 0 , 3 0 6
physiologic adaptation, 2 6 1 reproductive function, 3 0 6 resident, 56
self-limited, 2 9 8 size, 2 4 0
uniformly distributed, 58
Population density, 2 2 6 , 2 6 2 , 2 8 7 , 3 0 5 adrenocortical and reproductive re-
sponses, 2 6 9
effect on adrenocortical function, 2 8 1 endocrine responses, 2 6 3
index of relative, 3 0 5 inflammation, 2 7 6 resistance to infection, 2 7 6 schematic summary, 326, 3 2 7 Potassium, 2 0 4
excretion, 201 levels, 2 0 4 level of body, 2 0 2
secretion of aldosterone, 2 0 4 Potto, 195
Preconstellation phase, 58 Pregneninolone, 2 1 0 Preputial development
adrenal androgens, 2 9 2 stimulating, 2 9 2 stimulation, 2 1 2 Probability
formulas, 144 Pi<A>, 1 4 4 Pi<a>, 1 4 4
terminating trips, 12
vacillating a t the termination of trips, 18 Proestrus, 2 3 9
Psychology
classical, 184, 1 8 5
R a b b i t , 193, 3 2 3 adrenalectomized, 2 3 6 corticosterone, 2 3 6 domestic, 2 3 6 e m b r y o
resorption, 2 3 9
parasitism, 3 2 2
release of radioiodine, 2 3 3 thyroid, 2 3 2
thyroid activity, 2 3 5 thyroidectomy, 2 3 9 thyrotoxicosis, 2 3 5 wild, 2 3 5 , 2 3 6 Radial distance, 623 Radioiodine
release in domestic rabbits, 2 3 6 release in wild rabbits, 2 3 6 uptake, 2 3 2
R a t {see also N o r w a y rat, Rattus), 138, 159, 182, 194, 196, 2 1 2 , 218, 3 0 9 A C T H and gonadotropin relationship,
2 6 0
adrenals, 2 0 1 , 2 0 6 adrenal atrophy, 2 3 7 adrenal cortex, 2 0 0 adrenalectomized, 2 5 3
adrenalectomized laboratory, 201 adrenal hypertrophy, 2 3 7 adrenal weight, 3 0 2 adrenocortical secretion, 2 2 2 androgen, 221
anestrus, 2 2 0
albino Osborne-Mendel strain, 181 blood level of T S H , 2 3 7
chorionic gonadotropins, 2 2 0 corticosterone, 2 3 6
domesticated albino strain, 171 domesticated N o r w a y , 8
effect of temperature changes on, 2 7 4 gonadectomized, 2 1 9
gonadotropins, 2 1 2 , 3 0 9 growth, 2 1 0
harderian glands, 2 4 0 house, 2 1 2
hypertrophy of medulla, 2 2 7 hypophysectomized, 2 1 6 , 2 3 3 , 2 5 4 hypothalamic-hypophyseal-thyroidal re-
lationships, 2 3 3 hypothyroid, 2 3 4 , 2 3 9 inanition, 2 7 2
in a strong environment, 3 0 3 inbred, 2 7 4
infant, 2 1 0
length of estrous cycle, 2 3 8
m e t h o d of inducing an inflammatory response, 2 7 7
R a t — c o n t i n u e d newborn, 2 1 0
N o r w a y (see N o r w a y rat) Osborne-Mendel, 17 ovarian atrophy, 2 2 0 pituitary, 2 3 6
pituitary-adrenocortical activity, 2 7 3 pneumococcal infection, 2 5 6 postparturitional loss, 221 pregnant, 2 1 0
release of iodine, 2 3 8 splenic hypertrophy, 2 7 4 streptococcal infection, 2 5 6 submaxillary glands, 2 4 0 subordinate, 3 0 3 testes, 2 3 9
of immature, 2 3 8 thiouracil treatment, 2 3 9 thyroid, 2 3 2
thyroid activity, 2 3 5 , 237 thyroidectomized, 2 2 8 tuberculosis infection, 2 5 6 uptake of radioiodine, 2 3 3 white, 2 3 7
wild, 195 R a t embryos
action of estrogens, 2 5 9 R a t society, 161
velocity in high-density, 168
velocity-rank relationships in, 168, 169 Rattus (see rat, N o r w a y rat)
Rattus alexandrinus, 1 9 5 Rattus norvegicus, 195
adrenalectomized, 2 0 2 medullary hypertrophy, 2 2 7
relationships between population den- sity and reproduction, 3 1 0 Recapture radii, 5, 6
Receptor, 5 0
Refractory period, 4 9 , 141, 153, 176 duration, 103, 112
frustrating, 110 frustrating type, 131 frustrating producion, 112 increasing, 130
satisfaction producing, 112 time spent in satisfying, 112 Refractory state
maximal, 109 optimal, 109
Regression line, 81
Reichstein's compound S, 199, 2 0 5 Reithrodontomys, 6
Rejection
psychological, 183 Relationships
spatial, 64
s u m m a r y of presumed, 137 Relative density, 7 8
Relative probability, 4 5 R e m o v a l study
Chadwick W o o d s , M o n t g o m e r y C o u n t y , M a r y l a n d , 2 9
R i c h L a k e Island, N e w Y o r k , 27 R e m o v a l trapping
observed data, 5 2 Renal nephron
tubular cells, 201 Reproduction, 190, 2 8 6 - 2 9 1
evaluating the effects of density on, 3 0 8 inhibition, 3 0 9
mice, female, 291 mice, male, 2 8 6 sexual, 133
suppression, 2 2 2 , 257 Reproductive
inhibition, 2 2 0 function, 2 9 2
evaluation, 3 0 6
inhibited b y population density, 2 9 2 inhibition, 3 2 3
organs
accessory weights, 2 8 7 Reserpine, 2 2 5
Response avoidance, 9 3 degree, 192 endocrine, 191 inflammatory, 2 1 0 intensity, 151 neural, 191 neuroendocrine, 191 nonspecific, 192 vascular, 191
Response-evoking capacities, 143, 146 Response-evoking capacity
S
behavioral origin, 140
circumplex depiction of behavior and personality superimposed upon, 157
Subject Index 377
circumplex, 155 formulae, 128, 143
S<A\ 143 S<»\ 143 S iA, 128 Si^), 128 S(y>, 143 S<v>, 143 Responsive state, 140
Rhesus m o n k e y (see also m o n k e y ) , 267 hydrocortisone, 2 3 6
responses to sociopsychologic factors, 2 6 9
thyroid activity, 2 3 6
Rodents (see also specific categories), 2 1 2 R u n a w a y s
underground, 76
Salivary glands, 2 6 0 Sanctions, 151, 163 Scent, 38
Schaefer's autonomy, 143 Schaefer's control, 143
Schaefer's hostility-rejection, 128, 143 Schaefer's love-acceptance, 128, 143 Serotonin, 2 1 6
Sex accessories, 2 3 8 involution, 2 1 8 Sex steroids, 2 0 6 , 217 Sheep, 194
Shock, 192, 2 4 3 , 2 4 4
" S h o c k disease," 2 2 6 , 280, 3 2 0
Shrews (see also Sorex and Blarina), 26, 27, 75, 193, 197
long-tailed, 2 4 6 population, 3 0 5 short-tailed, 3 0 5 Sight, 3 8
Sigmodon (see also Cotton rat), 323 litter size, 317
relationships between population den- sity and reproduction, 310 Sign, 4 7
Sign field, 4 9 Signal, 5 3 , 57, 107
detection, 41 inhibitory, 68 intensity, 48, 49 learning of, 39, 50 neural, 7 8
noxious, 7 8 simultaneous, 4 8 sound, 41 Signal field, 4 7 , 4 9 Sika deer, 3 2 3
mass mortality, 3 2 0 population density, 3 0 6 Size
basic group, 8 6
effect on response-evoking capacity, 130 Slow loris, 196
Snowshoe hare (see also hare), 2 5 3 Social behavior, 128
more effective, 136 Social dominance, 7 4 adrenal activity, 2 6 7 changing, 8 9 Social factors
adrenocortical functions, 2 3 6 interspecific, 7 7
reproductive functions, 2 6 3 Social groups
budding off, 121 Social hierarchy
evolution, 7 0 Social interaction, 133
basic processes, 116
consequences and examples, 148 frequency of satisfactory, 117 frustration from, 110 as a function of density, 117 heightened frequency, 9 5 intensity, 152
model, 101
o p t i m u m satisfaction, 118 and refractory period, 117 satisfaction from, 110 withdrawal from, 173 Social phenomena, 3 Social pressure
endocrine responses, 263 Social rank, 6 4
Social relations instability, 67 Social response
blocking, 104 mechanism, 104 Social subordination
interspecific, 67
Social system, 3, 4 semiclosed, 100 Social withdrawal, 145 Society
human, 184 rat, 161
Sodium: potassium ratio serum, 2 0 4
Sodium retention, 201
Sorex, (see also shrew), 27, 29, 3 1 , 32, 36,
: 38, 52, 6 1 , 68, 69, 70, 72, 7 5 , 77, 7 8 Sorex araneus, 196, 197
Sorex cinereus, 193, 2 4 6 Sorex dispar, 193, 2 4 6 Sorex fumeus, 193, 2 4 6 Sorex palustris, 193, 2 4 6
Soricidae (see also shrew, Sorex, and Blarina)
adrenal, 246 Space
general theory of use, 3 4
interspecific and intraspecific use, 3 4 social use, 2
theoretical conceptualization of use, 7 0 Spatial equilibrium, 57
Species, 3 alpha, 36, 37 beta, 36, 3 7
distance between neighbors, 4 2 dominant, 36, 52, 67, 68, 78 incipient, 7 4
relationship between two dominant, 52 removal captures, 55
socially dominant, 55, 57
subordinate, 36, 38, 52, 6 1 , 67, 68, 78 survival, 122
Spermatogenesis, decrease, 2 5 8 Spleen
house mice, 251 hypertrophy, 251 Microtus agrestis, 251 volves, 251
weights, 249, 251 Splenic hypertrophy, 271 Standard area, 5 State
nonresponsive P, 140 Stations
feeding, 9 5
Status
subordinate, 68 Steady state
evolutionary, 108 Steroid hormones, 218 Steroids, 2 4 8
sex, 2 5 8
site of action, 2 1 6 urinary, 2 4 9 Stimuli
alarming, 2 1 2 , 2 1 5 Stimuli
auditory, 7 0 emotional, 243 conditioned, 7 5
Strange object reaction, 89 Strange-object response, 179 Stress, 88, 193, 196, 2 1 3 , 2 3 5
generalized state, 182
resulting from group size change, 118 Stressful state
amount of time spent, 112 Stressors
nonspecific, 119 Stretch receptors
secretion of aldosterone, 204 Strife
intraspecific, 2 6 2 Sudanophilia, 2 4 8
Supraopticohypophyseal tract, 214 Survival
threshold of, 132
Sylvilagus (see also rabbit), 193 Sympathetic nervous system
ganglia, 198 System
hypothesized communication, 58 two-species, 36
Tachyglossus, 195 Target diameter
determined b y variability of behavioral traits, 140
genotype, 140
hypothesized divergence, 132 of individual, 110
variability, 127 Territory,r263
of male mice, 2 8 7
Subject Index 379
Testis
interstitial cells, 194 Testosterone, 2 0 8 T h e t a s
satisfaction and frustration, 131 Thiouracil, 2 3 7
Thymicolymphatic system, 2 4 9 T h y m u s , 2 8 3
cortex, 2 4 9
involution, 208, 2 1 1 , 2 4 9 , 2 5 0 medulla, 2 4 9
weights, 2 4 9
Thyrocarotid artery, 2 0 4 Thyroglobulin, 2 3 0 Thyroid
activity
factors regulating, 231 index, 231
mice, 2 3 5 , 2 3 6 N a C l intake, 2 3 8 rabbit, 2 3 6 rat, 2 3 5 , 2 3 6 gland, 191, 2 2 8 hormone
actions, 2 2 9 formation, 2 3 0 inhibition, 2 3 6
responses to external stimuli, 2 3 4 Thyroidal-gonadal interrelationships, 2 3 8 Thyroidectomy, 228, 2 3 4
Thyrotropin, 231 inhibition, 2 3 6 Thyroxine, 228, 2 2 9 , 2 3 1
effects, 2 3 0 T o n u s
vascular, 2 2 4 T r a p , 20, 37
" H a v a h a r t , " 184
probability of encountering, 5 2 Trapline, 53, 8 2
standard, 2 6 Trapped-out area
invasion, 8 2 Trapping, 7 6
comparison of results between short- term and long-term removal, 2 8 continuous removal, 26, 37
removal, 76
short-term removal, 26
Tribe
as a social entity, 9 8 Trichinella
increased invasiveness, 2 7 8 Trichinella spiralis, 277, 2 7 8 Trichinosis
effects of crowding, 2 7 8 Triiodothyronine, 2 2 8 , 2 2 9 , 231 T S H
mice, 2 3 7 rabbits, 2 3 7 rats, 2 3 7
rate of release, 231 release, 2 3 2 , 2 3 6 secretion, 237, 2 5 8 Tuberculosis
crowding, effect on, 2 7 9 murine, 2 7 9
Two-dimensional field use, 19
Tyrosine, 2 3 0
Ungulates captive, 198 domesticated, 196 Urine
metabolites, 2 0 7
Vaginal orifice closure, 291 V a g u s nerve, 2 0 4 Vasopressin, 2 1 4 Velocity, 1 6 4
biological, 111
effect of interval between E's on, 181 effect of tranquilizer on, 172 effect on fat, 174
effect on weights of adrenals, kidneys, and heart, 174
formulae, 111, 112, 113 a, 112
aaa, 112 aap, 112 afaa, 112 af'ap, 112
«mf a a( m> , 113 d, 110 faa, 112 Tap, 112 i, 112
i2, 112 /*', 112 Ν , 110 Nb, 113 N ^ , 113 No, 113 0a, 112 0a<m>, 113
0a ( o ), 113
0 <a\ 112 0f, 112 θ«\ 112 0a<m>, 113 V , 111
minimal, 173 rank, 171
reduction in hierarchy of mice, 148 Visitation frequency, 165
Vitamin A
effects on behavior, 170 Vitamin Β
insufficiency, 2 2 2 Vocalization, 38, 48, 75
loss of, 77
Voles, (see also Microtus, Clethrionomys, and Pitymys), 193, 196, 253, 2 6 1 , 293, 317, 318, 3 2 2 , 323
adrenalectomized, 2 1 8 adrenal weight, 2 8 5 , 286, 301
adrenocortical-density relationships, 3 0 4 anestrus, 2 2 0
birth rates, 2 9 2
competition for food, 297 confined populations, 2 7 2 copulatory pressure, 2 9 0 crowding mortality, 2 8 0 decline in birthrate, 291 decrease in reproduction, 2 8 6 depression of fertility, 221 effects of high density, 276
effect of increased population density, 2 8 4
effect of overcrowding, 2 6 9 effect of population densities, 2 7 5 eosinophil counts, 2 5 2
female, 2 8 6 fights, 2 9 6
hypoglycemic shock, 320, 321
inhibition of growth and reproduction, 3 1 6
intraspecific strife, 323 laboratory, 2 7 4 litter survival, 2 9 4 meadow, 196, 218, 2 7 2 , 3 2 3 northern montana, 3 0 4 mortality, 3 2 2
natural populations, 3 0 3 nests, 2 9 4
ovarian atrophy, 2 2 0 pine, 196
population fluctuation, 3 1 2
red-backed, 196, 3 1 1 , 3 1 2 , 3 1 4 , 318, 3 2 3 relationships between population den
sity and reproduction, 3 1 0 reproductive function, 3 1 4
responses to increased population den
sity, 281
responses to sociopsychologic factors, 2 6 9
self-limited populations, 2 9 9 social pressure, 288
sociopsychologic factors, 2 6 4 sociopsychologic interactions, 2 8 0 splenic hypertrophy, 2 4 2 , 2 7 2 , 2 7 3 , 2 7 4 X - z o n e , 283
White-footed mice (see also Peromyscus), 2 7 3 , 3 2 3
White-footed mice population, 3 0 5 Withdrawal, 162 W i t h d r a w a l state, 180
W o o d c h u c k (see also M a r m o t a ) , 193 relationships between population den
sity and reproduction, 3 1 0 W o u n d healing
delay, 2 1 0
X - z o n e
acidophilic cells, 197 androgens, 197 basophilic nuclei, 197 Crocidura russula, 197 experimental treatments, 196 function, 2 1 7
hormones, 196
pituitary luteinizing hormone, 197 Pitymys subterraneus, 196, 197 reactions to, 196
shrews, 197
Subject Index
3 8 1Sorex araneus, 197 voles, 196
Zona fasciculata, 2 1 7
carbohydrate-active corticoids, 200 hormones, 2 0 5
hyperplasia, 2 4 6 hypertrophy, 2 4 6
regulation of hormones, 213
Zona glomerulosa aldosterone, 2 1 3 beef cattle, 2 0 0 hypertrophy, 2 4 6 rats, 2 0 0 Zona reticularis
carbohydrate-active corticoids, 2 0 0 function, 217
sex steroids, 2 1 7
