A Adrenal, 244 Aegilops, 222 Aging
as consequence of growth cessation, 291 chromosomal aberrations and, 302 definition of, 292, 319
growth and, 294
ionizing radiation and, 302 of cells, 313
role of cells in, 299
of connective tissue in, 303
thermal denaturation of collagen and, 308
Aging population, characteristics of, 295 Algal chloroplasts, 132
Allopolyploids, 218
Ameba, migratory proteins in, 110 Amino acid replacements, 81 δ-Aminolevulinic acid, 154 Δ-Aminolevulinic synthetase, 180 ß-Aminopropionitrile, 310, 313 Aminotriazole, 141
5-Aminouracil, 120 Androgenetic haploids, 222 Angiosperms, 134
«VAntheraxanthin, 137 irans-Antheraxanthin, 137 Antibody
activity
in isolated heavy chains, 52
of recombined heavy and light chains, light chains in active site of, 57 53 Antibodies
reconstitution of, 54
specificity and amino acid sequence, 57 structural basis of, 39
synthesis, 3 Anticodon, 18, 19 Antimycin A, 254
Antirrhinum, 229, 230, 237 Apogamy, 228
Arteriosclerosis, 297 Aspergillus
alba variant of, 203, 204
mycelial variants of, 201 red variant of, 201 Autopolyploids, 218 Autosynthesis, 3 Auxin, 229 Azathymine, 172
B Bacterial chromosome, 110 Bacteriophage λ, 96, 99 Balanus, 176
Barrage phenomenon in Podospora, 209 Basal body, 132
Basal cell of the epidermis, 245 Bence Jones proteins, 40, 59 Beta vulgaris, 175
Blastocladiella, 177 bobbed, 25, 26, 27
Broad bean mottle virus, 71 5-Bromodeoxyuridine, 102 Bromosuccinimide, 79 Bromouracil, 172
c
C a+ +, 277 Cancer, 176, 297
Cancer-producing viruses, 96
Carbon dioxide fixation, kinetics of ap- pearance of, 139
Carcinogenic adenovirus, 102 ß-Carotene, 137
Carotenoid, 137
kinetics of appearance of, 139 Caryogamy, 124
Cell adhesions, 278
monovalent cations and, 278 Cell attachment, 277
Cell culture and macromolecules, 276 Cell division, 243
Cell populations, static, expanding, or re- newing, 244
Cell transformation, 102
Cell type, interactions in reproduction of cell, 243
Cells
aging of, 313
cytodifferentiation, in culture, 249 337
Cellular regulation, 12 Chemomutagenesis, 79 Chick, 176
embryo, thigh muscle, 251 leg muscle, 250
Chicorium, 227
Chinese hamster cells, 102
Chlamydomonas, 134, 136, 156, 168, 174, Chlorella, 134, 136, 174 205
Chlorophyll
absorption spectra of, 235 kinetics of appearance of, 139
light requirement for formation of, 134 Chlorophyll a, 137
Chlorophyll b, 137 Chloroplast(s), 131, 132
continuity in Euglena, 131 replicative aspect of, 143 development, 136
control mechanisms for, 178 iron in, 141
model for control of, 179 ribosomes in, 140 RNA during, 140
developmental physiology, 137 division, cytological evidence for, 144 DNA in, 156, 178
evolution, 182
light requirement for formation of, 134 Chromatid, 121
aberrations, 119, 120 breaks, 101
Chromosomal aberrations and aging, 302 Chromosomal components, formation of, Chromosomal RNA, 116 114
Chromosome(s) contraction of, 112 reproduction, 116
consequences of, 121 in mitosis and meiosis, 107 Chromosomin, 115
Chrysanthemum, 223
Cistron, functional separation, 83 Codons, 18, 19
Colchicine, 120
Collagen, 272, 273, 274, 278, 280, 282, 283, 304, 306, 307, 309
cross linking, 308 chemistry of, 309 deposition of, 270 differentiation and, 279
substratum, effect of upon development of muscle clones, 275
thermal denaturation of aging and, 308 Colony types, comparison between uncon-
ditioned and conditioned medium in development of, 257
Complementation, 206 Conditioned medium
development of muscle clones in, 253 hypothetical role of, 273
Conditioning
biological parameters of, 256 collagen synthesis and, 268 Conditioning petri plate surface, 262 Conditioning process of culture medium, Contraction of chromosomes, 122 254 Conversion, virus-induced, 96 Cornea, 272
Cortical inheritance, 192 Crépis, 237
Crithidia, 176 Cryptoxanthin, 137 Cupressus, 229, 230 Curvularia, 203 Cyanophora, 183 Cycas, 227 Cysteine tRNA, 24
Cytidylic acid triplet, deamination of, 82 Cytochrome, 140, 154
Cytodifferentiation, 243 in cell culture, 249 population density and, 252 Cytokinesis, 121
Cytokinin, 229
Cytoplasmic heredity, 191 D Datura, 218
Descemet's membrane, 272 Differentiation, 245
collagen and, 279
Differentiative function, stability of in culture, 250
Digestive tract, 244 6-Dimethylaminopurine, 27 Dimethyl sulfate, 79
reaction of TMV RNA with, 80 Diploid(s), 218
cell, doubling, 226 plant cells, 227 Diploidy haploidy, 217
Disc, kinetics of formation of, 138 DNA from Euglena, 168, 169, 173
nongenetic, 26 of chloroplast, 156, 178
of chloroplast-containing species, 174 of Euglena mutants, 172
replication of, 109 satellite, 176 synthesis
in progenitor cells, 243 time, 111
Drosophila, 25, 26, 27, 111, 112, 113, 123, 221, 223
Duplicase, 19 E Echinenone, 137 Elastin, 303
Embryonic induction, 246, 248 experimental approaches to, 248 Endoplasmic reticulum, 132 Endopolyploidy, 121 Ephedra, 230, 232
Epidermal-dermal relationship, 282 Epidermis, 244
basal cell of, 245 keratinizing, 245 Epilobium, 218
Epitheliomesenchymal interacting systems, 280, 282
Ergosterol, 141
Escherichia colt, 18, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 81, 83, 96, 99, 100, 103, 149, 150, 182, 214, 224, 225
Euglena, 7, 131, 144, 168, 173 DNA from, 169
mutants, 172
cells, cytology of, 152 olive-green, 156, 160, 162 pale-green, 158
white, 150, 152, 154, 156 yellow, 150, 156, 164, 166 plastids of, 158
proplastids of, 158 in dark-grown, 136
Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris, 131 Euglena gracilis Z strain, 132 Euglenanone, 137
Euploids, 218
Expanding cell population, static, or re- newing, 244
Extrachromosomal heredity evidence for, 193
experimental detection of, 196 in fungi, 191
Extrachromosomal variability origins of, 203
Fc F
effect of pH on sedimentation of, 50 molecular weights of, 51
reversible dissociation of fragment of, Fibroblastic clones grown in conditioned 49
and unconditioned medium, 264 Fibroblast and muscle colonies
subclones of, 261 Fibroblast cells, 273, 280
discoid colonies of, 254 growth of, 270
Fibroblast monolayer, electron micro- graph of, 271
Fluorouracil, 180, 181
Fungi, extrachromosomal heredity in, 191 gal, 30 G
Gametophyte female, 233 male, 229
Gamma crystalline, 247 Gene action system, 17 genetic basis of, 24
Gene transcription and translation of, 17 Genes, ur, 17
components specified by, 19
Genetic code, TMV mutants and, 79 Genetic interactions between organelles
hypothetical schemes for, 143 Ginkgo, 217, 229, 230, 232, 234, 235, 236
development of, 231 yG-Globulin
complementation polypeptide subunits of, 51
half-molecules of, 48
dissociation of (rabbit) into, 45 univalence of, 48
schlieren patterns of, 46
spontaneous reassociation of half-mole- cule subunits, 47
Golgi body, 132 Gossypium, 218 Grasshopper, 111, 113
neuroblasts, 109 Growth
aging and, 294
cessation and aging, 291
temperature and replication errors, 73 Guinea pig, 39, 54, 176
Gymnosperms, 134 Gynogenetic diploids, 220
H Habrobracon, 223 Hadacidin, 181 Hair, 245
Half-chromatid aberrations, 119, 120 Halobacterium, 177
Hamster cell, 111
Hamster cheek pouch, electron micro- graph of capillary of, 305
Haploid cotton plant, 220 Haploid syndrome, 219, 220, 222
Haploid tissue cultures of higher plants, Haploid tissues, characteristics of, 232 229 Haploids, 218
Haploidy, induction of, 221 Haplopappus, 228 Healing enzyme, 113
Heavy chains, antibody activity in iso- lated, 52
Hematopoietic tissue, 244 Heme, 154
Heredity, extrachromosomal in fungi, 91 Herpes virus, 102
Heterosyn thesis, 3 Histones, 114
Holochrome particle, 134
Host cells, interactions with plant viruses, Human cell, 111 65
Hyacinthus, 223 Hydroxyechinenone, 137 Hydroxylamine, 79, 102
Hydroxylamine-sensitive bonds, 309 6-Hydroxy-2-methyldiaminopurine, 27 Hypertension, 297
I Immunoglobulin(s), 39
properties of, 40 structural model of, 43
Infectivity, integrity of viral RNA and, 69 Interaction between chromosomal mu-
tants, 205 to jap, 144
Ionizing radiation and aging, 302 Iron, in chloroplast development, 141 K+, 24, 278 K
Karyokinesis, 111 Keratin synthesis, 244 Keratinizing epidermis, 245 Kidney, 244, 280
pancreatic acinar cells of, 244
proximal convoluted tubule cells of, 244 Killer phenomenon, 192
lac, 30 L
Lactate production, 315 in leukocytes, 316 Lactuca, 227
Lamella, 132, 137, 141, 142, 154 kinetics of formation of, 138 Lampbrush chromosomes, 117, 118 Lathyrism, 313
Lathyrogenic agent, 310 Leishmania, 176
Lens, growth and development of, 247
Leukocytes
lactate production in, 316 properties of, 316
succinic dehydrogenase in, 316 Li+, 24
Lily microspores, 111 a-Linolenic acid, 141 little, 210
little yeast, 209 Llaveiella, 120 Lung, 280 Lycopodium, 228
Lymphatic malignancies, 40 Lyon's effect, 111
Lysogenization, 97, 102 Lysogeny, significance of, 99 Lysosomal enzymes, 317 Lysosomes, 318, 319
M
Macromolecules and cell culture, 276 Malignancy, 297
Malignant neoplasms, 312 Mantid, 113
Meiosis chromosome, 107 Melilotus, 222
Merozygotes, 30
Messenger RNA (mRNA), 18, 21, 142 Methionine, 28
2-Methyladenine, 27 6-Methylaminopurine, 27 1-Methylguanine, 27 Mexican axolotl, 222 Mg++, 23
Microspectrophotometry of TMV infected cells, 88
Migratory proteins in ameba, 110 Minimal infectious genetic information,
84 Minutes, 27
Mitosis chromosome, 107 Modulations, 245 Molecular regulation, 8 Mormoniella, 224
Mortality from selected causes by age, 297 Mosquito, 110
Mosses, 228
Mouse, 39, 176
embryos, epithelium from lens, 247 Mucoid-secreting epithelium, 245 Mucopolysaccharides, 249, 283 Multiple myeloma, 40 Muscle
chick leg, 250, 251
fibroblast colonies subclones of, 261 skeletal, 250
Muscle cathepsin, 317 Muscle clones
development of, 253
effect of conditioned medium upon, on reconstituted collagen, 276 267 Muscular dystrophy, 317
Mutant phenotype, suppression of, 206 Mutation and temperature, 75 Mutual exclusion, 77
Myeloma proteins, 59 Myosin, 317
Myosin-degrading enzyme, 317 Myotubes, 251, 252, 253 Na+, 278 N
Naegleria, 176 Neoguanylate, 27 Neoxanthin, 137 Neurons, 244
death of, 314
Neurospora, 124, 177, 178, 193, 194, 195, 196, 203
poky variant of, 205, 206 Neutrophils, 315
NH4 + , 24
Nicotiana, 218, 237 Nitrous acid, 79, 81 Nongenetic DNA, 26
Nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, 224 Nuclear pore, 132
Nucleic acids, specific alteration of, 27 Nucleolus, behavior of, in virus-infected
cells, 90 Nucleotide
chemomutagenesis, 75 nitrous acid and, 75 replacement, 75
O Ochromonas, 134, 175 Oenothera, 144, 178, 218, 229 O-Methyl threonine, 181 Organelle continuity, 131
P Pancreas, 244, 280
tissue interactions in developing, 280 Pancreatic epithelial cells, electron mi-
crograph of, 281 Papain, 44
Paramecium, 176, 214 Paramylum, 132 Pellicle, 132 Pepsin, 44
Peptide polymerase, 19, 24 Pestalozzia, 203
Petri plate surface conditioning, 262 effect of pretreating, 265 Phenotypic effects, 204 Pheophytin, 142
Phospholipids in chromosomes, 122 Photoreactivation, 147, 148, 149, 152 Photosynthesis, 137
Photosynthetic oxygen, kinetics of appear- ance of, 139
Physarum, 177 Pinocytosis, 86 Pinocytotic vesicle, 132 Pituitary, 280
Plant viruses
interactions with host cells, 65 structure and infectivity of, 66 Plastids, 158, 162, 164, 166 Pleural epithelium, 244 Podospora, 202, 203
Podospora senescent variant of, 202 poky Neurospora, 209
Polio virus, 96 Pollen, 229, 232
development in vitro, 230 Polycistronic messenger, 83 Polycistronic mRNA, 21 Polyoma virus, 102, 103, 104 Polyploids, 218
Polytene, 119 chromosomes, 117 Polyteny, 121
Polytoma, 156, 168, 174 Polyvalent autocatalysis, 108
Population density and cytodifferentia- tion, 252
Potato virus X, photoreaction of, 88 Progenitor cell, 244
DNA synthesis in, 243 Prolamellar body, 136 Prophage, 97
genetic map, 97
Proplastid, 132, 142, 145, 154, 158, 164, 166, 179
condition, reversal to, 141 in dark-grown Euglena, 136 membrane, 137
Proteins, 40 synthesis of, 139
turnover, studies of, in atrophying cells, 315
Proteolipids, 301 Proteus, 111
Protochlorophyll, 134, 152, 179, 180 Protoporphyrin, 154
Pseudouridine, 27 Pteridium, 228 Pteris, 228 Putrescine, 278 Pyrenoid, 137
R Rabbit, 41, 54 Rana, 219, 224, 225
androgenetic homozygous larvae of, 221 Raney nickel, 24
Ranunculus, 227 Rat, 244 Replication
errors and growth temperature, 73 of DNA, 109
Replicons, 113 Reproduction
cell type
cell interactions in, 243 tissue interactions in, 243
mechanisms of cellular, 6 molecular, of, 2 subcellular, 4
Reticuloendothelial system, 244 Ribosomal components, 18
Ribosome during chloroplast develop- ment, 140
RNA during chloroplast development, 140 messenger (mRNA), 18, 21
polymerase, 18, 20 ribosomal (rRNA), 18 template (tRNA), 180
transfer, 18 S
Saccharomyces, variants of, 199 Salivary gland, 280
Salmine, 277 Salmon, 176
Satellite DNA, 169, 170, 171, 172 Schlieren patterns, 46, 48
of half-molecules of YG-globulin, 48 Sebaceous glands, 245
Sedum, 223
Seminiferous tubules, 244
senescent, of Podospora variant, 202 Serratia, 30, 177
Sheep, 54 Siredon, 222 Skeletal muscle, 250
cells, fibrous colonies of, 254, 255 Specificity and antibody and amino acid
sequence, 57 S period, 109, 110, 111 Spinacia, 175
Spinal cord, 249
Spinal cord-chondrogenic interaction, 249 Spongioblasts, 244
G± stage, 110 G2 stage, 110
Static cell population, 244 Stem cell
differential division of, 245 differentiation of, 246
cellular environment and, 246 regulation of, 245
Stem cell line, 244
Stratified squamous epithelium, 245 Subcellular regulation, 10
Succinate dehydrogenase, 315
Succinic dehydrogenase in leukocytes, 316 Sugar beet yellows virus, 66, 67, 68 Suppression of mutant phenotype, 206 SV40, 102
Synapsis, 123
T
Taxus, 230, 232, 233 T2 phage, 110
Temperature and mutation, 75 Template RNA (tRNA), 180
methyl-poor, 28
Tendon fibers, Young's modulus of, 307 Terminal nucleotide sequence of TMV
RNA, 70
Tetrahymena, 109, 110, 114, 121 Tetraploids, 218
Thermal denaturation of collagen and aging, 308
Thymine, 27 Thymus, 280
Thyroid, follicular cells of, 244
Tissue, interactions in reproduction of cell type, 243
TMV, mutation of strain vulgäre, 74 TMV RNA, terminal nucleotide sequence
of, 70
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), 66, 67, see also TMV
Tobacco necrosis satellite virus, 85 Tobacco rattle virus, 66, 67, 85 Tocophrya, 293
Todea, 120, 228 Torreya, 230, 232, 233
Totipotency of diploid plant cells, 227 TPN-transhydrogenase, 140
TPN-triose phosphate dehydrogenase, 130 Tradescantia, 119
Transcribing enzyme, see RNA polymer- ase
Transcriptase, 19 Transcription, 20 Transfer enzymes, 19 Transfer RNA (tRNA), 18
Transformation, 96 Translation, 23 Triplet hypothesis, 81 Triploids, 218, 224 Triticum, 218, 222 Triton, 225 Triturus, 118, 221 Trollein, 137
Ultraviolet inactivation, 147, 148, 149
u
Ultraviolet-sensitive chromophore, 147 Ultraviolet-sensitive sites, 147
Unwinding, 112, 118 V Vegetative genetic map, 97
Vicia, 111, 112, 115, 120, 175
Viral DNA, attachment and insertation of, 99
Virus
broad bean mottle, 71 coat protein, 86 infection
consequences for genetic material of bacterial cells, 96
animal cells, 101
interaction with host genetic material, mutation, 72 95
particles, minimal infectious length of, 66
polio, 96
replication, cellular events in, 86 Virus-cell complex, 95, 96 Vitamin A, 245
in cord endosperm, 224
w
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, 59 Wheat streak mosaic virus, 66, 67
X Xenopus, 25, 26 Yeast Y
variants, little, of, 199, 200 suppressive of, 200
z
Zamia, 227 Zea, 218, 222, 237 Zeaxanthin, 137
