1 Rosa multiflora THUNB. This woody liana is very frequently cultivated in Central Russia. Among studied regions, this rose is known only for Penza region as a rare cultivated species (VASYUKOV 2010).
Section Chinensis DC.
2 Rosa chinensis JACK. This rose is known for Penza region as a cultivated shrub (VASYUKOV 2010). Perhaps, this species is unnoticed by researchers due to poor knowledge of cultivated roses.
Section Rugosae CHRSHAN.
3 Rosa rugosa THUNB. This rose is most widely cultivated in all studied regions. This East Asian species with hairy prickles mixed with dense acicles have flowering period from June before the frost. Frequently R. rugosa observed in wild (RAKOV – SAKSONOV 2007, LEVIN – SILAEVA 2010, KHAPUGIN – SILAEVA 2013, MININZON – TROSTINA 2014, KHAPUGIN 2015). But invasive activity of this alien species is no so large as it was noted in Atlantic Europe (KELAGER et al. 2013).
4 Rosa × majorugosa PALMEN et HAMET-AHTI [R. rugosa × R. cinnamomea]. It is intersectional hybrid which is unfrequently cultivated in gardens and parks. This rose is known in the Republic of Mordovia (LEVIN – SILAEVA 2010) and Penza region (VASYUKOV 2010) as ornamental shrub.
5 Rosa × kamtschatica VENT. [R. rugosa × R. amblyotis]. This hybrid rose is very rarely cultivated in studied regions. One specimen was determined from ornamental planting in Serdobsk (southern part of Penza region) by T.V.
Gorbushina (PKM).
Section Rosa (former Cinnamomeae DC.)
6 Rosa acicularis Lindl. This rose is ornamental rose with numerous slender acicles and long straight prickles. This rose is a species of boreal zone but it is known in culture in Ulyanovsk and Penza regions (Rakov – Saksonov 2007, Vasyukov 2010). R. acicularis is not uncommon in Nizhny Novgorod region (Averkiev – Averkiev 1985). This rose was recommended to include in the Red Data Book of Chuvashia (Gafurova 2014). R. acicularis has been noted for the Republic of Mordovia earlier (Rzhavitin 1986). But this determination turned out to be erroneous (Levin – Silaeva 2010). This species also is not known in culture for Mordovia.
Rosa agg. cinnamomea L.
7 Rosa cinnamomeae L. s. str. [R. majalis HERRM.]. This widespread rose is rare used in culture. Moreover this species is known in ornamental culture both in the
Republic of Mordovia and in all adjacent regions.
8 Rosa glabrifolia C.A. MEY ex RUPR. This species is similar to R. cinnamomea.
MOREOVER, R. glabrifolia is considered as a variety of a latest species according to the view of some specialists (MEYER 1847, SCHANZER – KLINKOVA 2000, SCHANZER – VOJLOKOVA 2008). This rose was revealed in gardens, backyards, ornamental plantings in the Republic of Mordovia, Tambov region, Penza region, Nizhny Novgorod region and Ryazan region. R. glabrifolia is frequently grows on dry slopes, floodplains and more rarely occurs on roadsides and other anthropogenic disturbed habitats (LEVIN – SILAEVA 2010, Khapugin et al. 2011).
Section Carolinae CREP.
9 Rosa virginiana HERRM. This North American rose was revealed only once in Saransk (Republic of Mordovia) (LEVIN – SILAEVA 2010). Rosa virginiana is a rarely cultivated shrub.
Section Caninae DC.
Subsection Caninae CHRIST
Rosa agg. canina L. s. lato Rosa agg. canina L. s. str.
10 Rosa canina L. This rose is widespread rose in Central Russia (BUZUNOVA
2006) as well as in all Europe (KURTTO et al. 2004). Separate individuals and thickets of R. canina are observed in ornamental plantings of numerous settlements in the Republic of Mordovia and adjacent regions. Also, this dog rose is grown in botanical gardens of the Mordovian State University and Penza State University.
11 Rosa corymbifera BORKH. This species is widely spread in the Republic of Mordovia (LEVIN – SILAEVA 2010, KHAPUGIN 2014). Furthermore, it is cultivated in gardens, ornamental plantings and within windbreaks. It should be noted that R.
corymbifera is included in the Red Data Book of Penza region (VASYUKOV – SAKSONOV 2013). Nevertheless, several specimens of cultivated roses from southern part of Penza region were determined as R. corymbifera BORKH.
Rosa agg. dumalis BECHST. s. str.
12 Rosa dumalis BECHST. Similarly to R. canina, this rose is widely spread.
Numerous stands of R. dumalis were registered in culture. This may to say that this rose is very popular in Central Russia. This species together with R. canina are often cultivated in as protective plantings due to the presence of numerous spines.
13 Rosa lupulina DUBOVIK. This species is similar to R. dumalis. Some authors include R. lupulina to R. dumalis (KURTTO et al. 2004, KLÁŠTERSKÝ 1968). In this work, this rose is viewed as separated species. Within the Republic of Mordovia this species occurs both in natural and disturbed habitats. Thereby, R. lupulina was recommended for including in Red Data Book of the Republic of Mordovia (SILAEVA et al. 2005). Recently it was shown that all stands of R. lupulina are due to artificial plantations and disturbed habitats (KHAPUGIN – SILAEVA 2012). At present, this rose is known in the Republic of Mordovia, Tambov region and Penza region (KHAPUGIN 2014, BUZUNOVA et al. 2012) as cultivated shrub and / or plant which runs wild from culture.
14 Rosa subcanina (CHRIST)DALLA TORRE et SARNTH. This is rather common species in the Republic of Mordovia. As cultivated species, this rose is known in more than half of all administrative districts of the Republic of Mordovia. Most number of stands is located within administrative centers of districts (KHAPUGIN
2014). In recent years, cultivated shrubs of R. subcanina were revealed for Penza region. Here, this species occurs in old gardens, within windbreaks and as ornamental plants in settlements (BUZUNOVA et al. 2012).
15 Rosa podolica TRATT. This rose is microspecies similar to R. subcanina. Only one stand of this species in culture was revealed in the Republic of Mordovia. It is located within windbreaks with Populus balsamifera (KHAPUGIN 2013).
Subsection Vestitae CHRIST
Rosa agg. villosa L. s. lato Rosa agg. villosa L. s. str.
16 Rosa villosa L. It is compact shrub up to 1.5–2 m. Noticeable fruits are large, globose and densely stipitate-glandular. This rose is cultivated in human settlements, gardens as ornamental and edible plant. Cultivated R. villosa is known in the Republic of Mordovia, Ryazan region (all - GMU), Nizhny Novgorod region (MININZON – TROSTINA 2014), Penza region (BUZUNOVA et al. 2012; GMU).
Subsection Rubiginosae CRÉP. Rosa agg. rubiginosa L. s. lato Rosa agg. rubiginosa L. s. str.
17 Rosa rubiginosa L. This is one of the few roses in the Republic of Mordovia that is may be strictly determined. One of key features is the under side of leaflets which are more or less densely glandular. Also, R. rubiginosa may have simultaneously prickles, acicles and glandular setae on the one generative stem.
This rose is included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Mordovia (SILAEVA
et al. 2003). But sometimes this rose observed as cultivated plant within windbreaks (BUZUNOVA et al. 2012; GMU). R. rubiginosa is sometimes cultivated in Nizhny Novgorod region (MININZON – TROSTINA 2014)
Subsection Rubrifoliae CRÉP.
18 Rosa glauca POURR. This species is one of most recognizable roses as in the Republic of Mordovia as well as in the world. Color of leaves is reason for that. It ranges from purplish to bluish-green. Due to that, R. glauca is a very popular ornamental shrub. As cultivated plant, this rose is known for Nizhny Novgorod region (MININZON – TROSTINA 2014), Tambov region (SUKHORUKOV 2010) and Penza region (VASYUKOV 2010). First records of R. glauca in the Republic of Mordovia were done in 2009 (Khapugin 2012). Stands of rose were found close to each other where Rosa glauca was run wild. Shrubs were located within windbreaks, on roadsides and dry slope. After that, new stands of R. glauca were revealed in the Republic of Mordovia (SAMONOVA – KHAPUGIN 2013). It should be noted that all records of R. glauca in wild are associated with ornamental plantings of this species.
Section Gallicanae DC. (former Rosa)
19 Rosa gallica L. This decorative shrub is known in Penza and Ulyanovsk regions (RAKOV – SAKSONOV 2007, VASYUKOV 2010).
20 Rosa × centifolia L. This ornamental shrub is hybrid between R. gallica and a rose from Rosa agg. canina s.lato. R. × centifolia is known in Ulyanovsk region (RAKOV –SAKSONOV 2007).
21 Rosa × alba L. This rose is hybrid between R. corymbifera and R. gallica. Only one record of cultivated individuals was done in Ruzaevka (Republic of Mordovia) (LEVIN – SILAEVA 2010).
Roses of this section have a large reserve of essential oils. Petals of R. gallica, R.
centifolia and, else one species, R. damascena MILL. are used to make jams, rose oil and other products (NYBOM 2009).
Section Lutea CRÉP.
22 Rosa foetida Herrm. This is a rose, which have beautiful yellow flowers. But R. foetida is rarely cultivated both in the Republic of Mordovia and in adjacent regions. This rose was noted for Penza and Ulyanovsk regions (RAKOV – SAKSONOV 2007, VASYUKOV 2010) and only once occurred in Saransk (Mordovia).
Section Pimpinellifoliae DC.
23 Rosa spinosissima L. (R. pimpinellifolia L.). This rose is widely cultivated in gardens, backyards, ornamental plantings. R. spinosissima is attractive due to its creamy flowers and numerous acicles along the main stems. It is a second rose (after R. rugosa) by popularity in the Republic of Mordovia and adjacent regions.
This rose sometimes runs wild (RAKOV –SAKSONOV 2007, SUKHORUKOV 2010, VASYUKOV 2010, KHAPUGIN 2013, 2014, MININZON – TROSTINA 2014).
CONCLUSIONS
Thus, 23 species from 9 sections of genus Rosa L. are cultivated in the Republic of Mordovia and adjacent regions. Among them, 17 roses were observed and / or collected directly in Mordovia. Rosa rugosa and Rosa spinosissima are most popular roses as ornamental plants. Also, most widespread species (R. canina, R.
cinnamomea, R. subcanina, R. lupulina) are not infrequently cultivated as ornamental shrubs. It should be noted that Rosa glauca and R. villosa could be use more widely as a decorative.
Acknowledgements – This study was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (project No 6.783.2014K).
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CHOROLOGY OF TAXA FROM GENUS ROSA L. (ROSACEAE) IN