I. RÉSZ
8. KIKÖVETKEZTETHETŐ VALENCIAKÉPLETEK
8.4. A megszakított alanyi mellékmondatok
8.4.1. A megszakított főnévi igeneves mellékmondatok
A főnévi igeneves mellékmondatok alanyát kiemelő szerkezetek:
[N1 /\/ N2 /\/ N3, etc.] <split>
⏐
4.2.2. N3 ~.. (pass) [to be V-en.. N2 (by N1)]
3.2. N2 ~.. (pass) [to be V-en (by N1)]
4.2.1. [to be V-en.. to/for N3 (by N1)]
5.2. [to be V-en.. (by N1)] ( ≠N3)
1. N1 ~.. (pass) [to V..]
2. [to V.. ] ( ≠N2)
3.1. [to V.. ]
4.1.1. [to V.. N2 to/for N3]
4.1.2. [to V.. N3 N2]
5.1. [to V.. N2 ] ( ≠N3)
8.4.1.1. A that-kötőszós mellékmondatból származó, to-val álló főnévi igene-ves mellékmondatok
A főmondat beékelődése előtt a that-clause to-val álló főnévi igeneves mellék-mondattá válik:
A) A főmondat beékelődése passzivizációval:
1. [th N1 ~..] <inf> <split> N1 ~.. pass [to V..]:
(7a) They say that Mr Cook has arrived. /
(7b) It is said that Mr Cook has arrived. <inf> <split>
(7c) Mr Cook is said to have arrived.
2. [th N1 ~.. ] ( ≠N2) <inf> <split> N1 ~.. pass [to V.. ]:
(8a) They say that Jenny is happy. /
(8b) It is said that Jenny is happy. <inf> <split>
(8c) Jenny is said to be happy.
3.1. [th N1 ~.. N2] <inf> <split> N1 ~.. pass [to V.. N2]:
(9a) They say that Jenny enjoys grammar. /
(9b) It is said that Jenny enjoys grammar. <inf> <split>
(9c) Jenny is said to enjoy grammar.
3.2. [th N2 ~.. pass (by N1)] <inf> <split> N2 ~.. pass [to be V-en..
(by N1)]:
(10a) They say that grammar is enjoyed by Jenny. /
(10b) It is said that grammar is enjoyed by Jenny. <inf> <split>
(10c) Grammar is said to be enjoyed by Jenny.
4.1.1. [th N1 ~.. N2 to/for N3] <inf> <split> N1 ~.. pass [to V.. N2 to/for N3]:
(11a) They say that Mr Cook teaches grammar to Jenny. /
(11b) It is said that Mr Cook teaches grammar to Jenny. <inf> <split>
(11c) Mr Cook is said to teach grammar to Jenny.
4.1.2. [th N1 ~.. N3 N2] <inf> <split> N1 ~.. pass [to V.. N3 N2]:
(12a) They say that Mr Cook teaches Jenny grammar. /
(12b) It is said that Mr Cook teaches Jenny grammar. <inf> <split>
(12c) Mr Cook is said to teach Jenny grammar.
4.2.1. [th N2 ~.. pass to/for N3 (by N1)] <inf> <split>
N2 ~.. pass [to be V-en.. to/for N3 (by N1)]:
(13a) They say that grammar is taught to Jenny by Mr Cook. / (13b) It is said that grammar is taught to Jenny by Mr Cook. <inf> <split>
(13c) Grammar is said to be taught to Jenny by Mr Cook.
4.2.2. [th N3 ~.. pass N2 (by N1)] <split>
N3 ~.. pass [to be V-en.. N2 (by N1)]:
(14a) They say that Jenny is taught grammar by Mr Cook. / (14b) It is said that Jenny is taught grammar by Mr Cook. <inf> <split>
(14c) Jenny is said to be taught grammar by Mr Cook.
5.1. [th N1 ~.. N2 ] ( ≠ N3) <inf> <split> N1 ~.. pass [to V.. N2
]:
(15a) They say that Mr Cook makes grammar enjoyable. <inf> <split>
(15b) Mr Cook is said to make grammar enjoyable.
5.2. [th ~N2 ~.. pass (by N1)] ( ≠N3) <inf> <split>
N2 ~.. pass [to be V-en.. (by N1)]:
(16a) They say that grammar is made enjoyable by Mr Cook. <inf> <split>
(16b) Grammar is said to be made enjoyable by Mr Cook.
B) A főmondat beékelődése passzivizáció nélkül:
1. IT ~ [th N1 ~.. ] (Listed as IT ~ [th]) <split>
N1 ~ [to V..] (Listed as N1 ~ [to V]):
(17a) It seems that Jenny is studying. <split>
(17b) Jenny seems to be studying.
2. IT ~ [th N1 ~.. ] ( ≠ N2) (Listed as IT ~ [th]) <split>
N1 ~ [to V...] ( ≠ N2) (Listed as N1 ~ [to V]):
(18a) It seems that Jenny is happy. <split>
(18b) Jenny seems to be happy.
3.1. IT ~ [th N1 ~.. ] ( = N2) (Listed as IT ~ [th]) N1 ~ [to V...] ( = N2) (Listed as N1 ~ [to V]):
(19a) It seems that Jenny enjoys grammar. <split>
(19b) Jenny seems to enjoy grammar.
3.2. IT ~ [th N2 ~.. pass (by N1)] (Listed as IT ~ [th]) <split>
N2 ~ [to be V-en.. (by N1)] (Listed as N1 ~ [to V]):
(20a) It seems that grammar is enjoyed by Jenny.<split>
(20b) Grammar seems to be enjoyed by Jenny.
4.1.1. [th N1 ~.. N2 to/for N3] <split> N1 ~.. pass [to V.. N2 to/for N3]:
(21a) It happens that Mr Cook teaches grammar to Jenny. <split>
(21b) Mr Cook happens to teach grammar to Jenny.
4.1.2. [th N1 ~.. N3 N2] <split> N1 ~.. pass [to V.. N3 N2]:
(22a) It happens that Mr Cook teaches Jenny grammar. <split>
(22b) Cook happens to teach Jenny grammar.
4.2.1. [th N2 ~.. pass to/for N3 (by N1)] <split>
N2 ~.. pass [to be V-en to/for N3 (by N1)]:
(23a) It happens that grammar is taught to Jenny by Mr Cook. <split>
(23b) Grammar happens to be taught to Jenny by Mr Cook.
4.2.2. [th N3 ~.. pass N2 (by N1)] <split> N3 ~.. pass [to be V-en N2 (by N1)]:
(24a) It happens that Jenny is taught grammar by Mr Cook. <split>
(24b) Jenny happens to be taught grammar by Mr Cook.
5.1. [th N1 ~.. N2 ] ( ≠N3) <split> N1 ~.. pass [to V.. N2 ]:
(25a) It seems that Mr Cook makes grammar enjoyable. <split>
(25b) Mr Cook seems to make grammar enjoyable.
5.2. [th N2 ~.. pass (by N1)] ( ≠N3) <split>
N2 ~.. pass [to be V-en (by N1)]:
(26a) It seems that grammar is made enjoyable by Mr Cook. <split>
(26b) Grammar seems to be made enjoyable by Mr Cook.
8.4.1.2. Az alannyal rendelkező, to-val álló főnévi igeneves mellékmondatok 1. [N1 to V..] <split> N1 ~.. pass [to V..]:
(27a) They expected the missing bag to turn up. <split>
(27b) The missing bag was expected to turn up.
2. [N1 to V.. ] ( ≠N2) <split> N1 ~.. pass [to V.. ]:
(28a) Joe expected Jenny to be happy. <split>
(28b) Jenny was expected to be happy.
3.1. [N1 to V.. N2] <split> N1 ~.. pass [to V.. N2]:
(29a) Joe expected Jenny to enjoy grammar. <split>
(29b) Jenny was expected to enjoy grammar.
3.2. [N2 to be V-en.. (by N1)] <split> N2 ~.. pass [to be V-en.. (by N1)]:
(30a) Joe expected grammar to be enjoyed by Jenny. <split>
(30b) Grammar was expected to be enjoyed by Jenny.
4.1.1. [N1 to V.. N2 to/for N3] <split> N1 ~ pass [to V.. N2 to/for N3]:
(31a) Joe expected Mr Cook to teach grammar to Jenny. <split>
(31b) Mr Cook was expected to teach grammar to Jenny.
4.1.2. [N1 to V.. N3 N2] <split> N1 ~ pass [to V.. N3 N2 ]:
(32a) Joe expected Mr Cook to teach Jenny grammar. <split>
(32b) Mr Cook was expected to teach Jenny grammar.
4.2.1. [N2 to be V-en.. to/for N3 (by N1)]<split>
N2 ~ pass [to be V-en.. to/for N3 (by N1)]:
(33a) Joe expected grammar to be taught to Jenny by Mr Cook. <split>
(33b) Grammar was expected to be taught to Jenny by Mr Cook.
4.2.2. [N3 to be V-en.. N2 (by N1)] <split> N3 ~ pass [to be V-en.. N2 (by N1)]:
(34a) Joe expected Jenny to be taught grammar by Mr Cook. <split>
(34b) Jenny was expected to be taught grammar by Mr Cook.
5.1. [N1 to V.. N2 ] ( ≠N3) <split> N1 ~.. pass [to V.. N2 ]:
(35a) Joe expected Mr Cook to make grammar enjoyable. <split>
(35b) Mr Cook was expected to make grammar enjoyable.
5.2. [N2 to be V-en.. (by N1)] <split> N2 ~.. pass [to be V-en.. (by N1)]:
(36a) Joe expected grammar to be made enjoyable by Mr Cook. <split>
(36b) Grammar was expected to be made enjoyable by Mr Cook.
Jegyezzük meg, hogy az N1 ~ N2 [to V]-ből származó N2 ~ pass [to V] szerke-zetileg azonos a fenti képletekkel:
(37a) Jim encouraged us to stay. <pass>
(37b) We were encouraged to stay (by Jim).
(38a) Everybody told him to see a doctor. <pass>
(38b) He was told to see a doctor.
8.4.1.3. A szenvedő szerkezetű, alannyal nem rendelkező, to-val álló főnévi igeneves mellékmondatok
3.2. [to V.. N2] <pass> [N2 to be V-en..] <split> N2 ~.. pass [to be V-en..]:
(39a) Joe expected to enjoy grammar. <pass>
(39b) Joe expected grammar to be enjoyed. <split>
(39c) Grammar was expected to be enjoyed.
4.1. [to V.. N2 to/for N3] <pass> [N2 to be V-en.. to/for N3] <split>
N2 ~ pass [to be V-en.. to/for N3]:
(40a) Joe expected to teach grammar to Jenny. <pass>
(40b) Joe expected grammar to be taught to Jenny. <split>
(40c) Grammar was expected to be taught to Jenny.
4.2. [to V.. N3 N2] <pass> [N3 to be V-en.. N2] <split>
N3 ~ pass [to be V-en.. N2)]:
(41a) Joe expected to teach Jenny grammar. <pass>
(41b) Joe expected Jenny to be taught grammar. <split>
(41c) Jenny was expected to be taught grammar.
5.2. [to V.. N2 ] ( ≠ N2) <pass> [N2 to be V-en..] <split>
N2 ~.. pass [to be V-en..]*:
(42a) Joe expected to make Jenny happy.<pass>
(42b) Joe expected Jenny to be made happy. <split>
(42c) Jenny was expected to be made happy.
8.4.1.4. Az alannyal rendelkező, to nélküli főnévi igeneves mellékmondatok A főmondat beékelődése előtt a cselekvő to-nélküli főnévi igeneves mellékmon-datok to-val álló főnévi igeneves mellékmonmellékmon-datokká válnak. (A LET után to-nélküli főnévi igeneves mellékmondat is állhat: The grass was let grow.)
A főmondat beékelődése előtt a cselekvő to-nélküli főnévi igeneves mellékmon-datokból származó szenvedő to-val álló főnévi igeneves mellékmondatok participi-umos mellékmondatokká válnak.
1. [N1 V..] <to-inf> <split> N1 ~.. pass [to V..]:
(43a) They saw the thief run away. <to-inf> <split>
(43b) The thief was seen to run away.
2. [N1 V.. ] ( ≠N2) <to-inf> <split> N1 ~.. pass [to V.. ]:
(44a) Joe saw Jenny turn pale. <to-inf> <split>
(44b) Jenny was seen to turn pale.
3.1. [N1 V.. ] ( = N2) <to-inf> <split> N1 ~.. pass [to V.. ]:
(45a) Joe heard Jenny open the door. <to-inf> <split>
(45b) Jenny was heard to open the door.
3.2. [N2 being V-en.. (by N1)] <split> N2 ~.. pass [being V-en.. (by N1)]*:
(46a) Joe heard the door being opened by Jenny. <split>
(46b) The door was heard being opened by Jenny.
4.1.1. [N1 V.. N2 to/for N3] <to-inf> <split> N1 ~ pass [to V.. N2 to/for N3]:
(47a) Joe heard Mr Cook teach grammar to Jenny. <to-inf> <split>
(47b) Mr Cook was heard to teach grammar to Jenny.
4.1.2. [N1 V.. N3 N2] <to-inf> <split> N1 ~ pass [to V.. N3 N2 ]:
(48a) Joe heard Mr Cook teach Jenny grammar. <to-inf> <split>
(48b) Mr Cook was heard to teach Jenny grammar.
4.2.1. [N2 being V-en.. to/for N3 (by N1)]<split>
N2 ~ pass [being V-en.. to/for N3 (by N1)]:
(49a) Joe heard grammar being taught to Jenny by Mr Cook. <split>
(49b) Grammar was heard being taught to Jenny by Mr Cook.
4.2.2. [N3 being V-en.. N2 (by N1)] <split>
N3 ~ pass [being V-en.. N2 (by N1)]*:
(50a) Joe heard Jenny being taught grammar by Mr Cook. <split>
(50b) Jenny was heard being taught grammar by Mr Cook.
5.1. [N1 V.. N2 ] ( ≠N3) <to-inf> <split> N1 ~.. pass [to V.. N2 ]:
(51a) Joe heard Mr Cook call the student Jenny. <to-inf> <split>
(51b) Mr Cook was heard to call the student Jenny.
5.2. [N2 (being) V-en.. (by N1)] <split> N2~ pass [being V-en.. (by N1)]:
(52a) Joe heard the student (being) called Jenny by Mr Cook. <split>
(52b) The student was heard being called Jenny by Mr Cook.