• Nem Talált Eredményt

„ÚJRA ITT A HÁBORÚ, KI ÉLI TÚL?”

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Ossza meg "„ÚJRA ITT A HÁBORÚ, KI ÉLI TÚL?” "

Copied!
17
0
0

Teljes szövegt

(1)

„ÚJRA ITT A HÁBORÚ, KI ÉLI TÚL?”

±Ò-(//(16e*$=

ISONZÓNÁL

“WE ARE AT WAR AGAIN: WHO WILL SURVIVE?”—1915:

THE NEW ENEMY AT ISONZO

Abstract

7KH PRQWKV EHWZHHQ DXWXPQ DQG VSULQJ ZDV D WUDJLF SHULRG IRU WKH

$XVWUR+XQJDULDQ0RQDUFK\7KH¿DVFRLQ6HUELDWKHKHDY\¿JKWVDQGIDLOXUHVLQ WKH&DUSDWKLDQ0RXQWDLQVLQ*DOLFLDHYRNHGDIUXVWUDWHGDQGOHWKDUJLFIHHOLQJERWK LQWKHVROGLHUVDQGLQWKHFLYLOSRSXODWLRQ$OWKRXJKWKHVXFFHVVIXOMRLQWRIIHQVLYH ZLWKWKH*HUPDQDOOLHVDW*RUOLFHLQ0D\PHDQWDUHOLHIRQWKH5XVVLDQIURQW WKH FRQÀLFW ZLWK WKH 0RQDUFK\¶V IRUPHU DOO\ ,WDO\ VKDUSHQHG RQ VRXWKZHVWHUQ ERUGHUDWWKLVWLPH7KHGHFODUDWLRQRIZDURQ0D\RSHQHGDQHZIURQWRQ NLORPHWUHVIURPWKH6ZLVVWULSRLQWWRWKH$GULDWLF6HDZKHUHRQHRIWKHPRVW SURORQJHGPRXQWDLQZDUVEHJDQLQKLVWRU\7KHKHDYLHVWEDWWOHVWRRNSODFHRQWKH HDVWHUQSDUWRIWKHQHZVRXWKZHVWHUQIURQWLQWKHUHJLRQRIWKHULYHU,VRQ]R7KH FDVXDOWLHV DQG WKH ¿HUFHQHVV RI WKH ¿JKWV LQ WKLV DUHD HTXDOOHG WR WKH EORRGLHVW

¿JKWVRQWKHZHVWHUQIURQW7KHQDWXUDOEDUULHUWKHULYHU,VRQ]RDQGWKHEDVWLRQRI WKH'REHUGR3ODWHDXLQWKHYDOOH\RIWKHULYHU:LSSDFK9LSDYDRQWKHVRXWKHUQ SDUWRIWKHUHJLRQVWRRGLQWKHZD\RIWKHPDLQ,WDOLDQRIIHQVLYHVWKDWZHUHDLPHGDW

(2)

104

SHQHWUDWLQJLQWKH(PSLUH%RWKRIWKHVHJHRJUDSKLFIRUPDWLRQVKDYHEHFRPHVDG PRQXPHQWVLQWKH+XQJDULDQKLVWRU\

7KH TXRWDWLRQ LQ WKH WLWOH FRPHV IURP 'U *\XOD .HPpQ\ D SK\VLFLDQ RI D EDWWDOLRQ WKDW ZDV VHQW IURP 6HUELD WR ,VRQ]R²IURP WKH ROG ZDU WR WKH QHZ RQH²DQGUHÀHFWVFOHDUO\WKHVWDWHRIPLQGRIWKHVROGLHUV7KLVVWXG\SUHVHQWVWKH IRUPDWLRQ RI WKH QHZ IURQW OLQH WKH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI WKH ¿JKWV DQG WKH PRUDOH EHWZHHQVSULQJDQGVXPPHURIEDVHGRQWKHPHPRLUVRIH\HZLWQHVVHVDQG DUFKDHRORJLFDOUHVHDUFK

KEYWORDS ,WDOLDQ GHFODUDWLRQ RI ZDU VRXWKZHVWHUQ IURQW EDWWOHV RI ,VRQ]R 'REHUGR'U*\XOD.HPpQ\VSULQJDQGVXPPHURI

KÖZHANGULAT MAGYARORSZÁGON AZ OLASZ HADBA /e3e6(/ė77

$]HOVĘYLOiJKiERU~NLW|UpVpWNtVpUĘOHONHVHGpVWN|YHWĘHQD]ĘV]HpVWD YDV]DN|]|WWLLGĘV]DNGUiPDLSHULyGXVWMHOHQWHWWD]2V]WUiN0DJ\DU0RQDUFKLDV]i PiUD$6]HUELDHOOHQLVLNHUWHOHQWiPDGiVRN¿DVNyMDpVDJDOtFLDLNiUSiWRNLV~O\RVpV QDJ\YHV]WHVpJHNHWN|YHWHOĘKDUFRNNXGDUFDDIRO\DPDWRVYLVV]DYRQXOiVFVDOyGRWW PiUPiUOHWDUJLNXVKDQJXODWRWLGp]HWWHOĘDPDJ\DUWiUVDGDORPMHOHQWĘVUpV]pEHQ

$ELURGDORPRV]WUiNIHOpKH]WDUWR]y*DOtFLDQDJ\WHUOHWHLQHNHOYHV]WpVpWN|YH WĘHQĘV]pQKR]]iNHOOHWWV]RNQLDDPDJ\DUN|]YpOHPpQ\QHNKRJ\pYXWiQ

~MUDFiULFVDSDWRNIHQ\HJHWLND0DJ\DU.LUiO\ViJKDWiUDLWLVVĘWEHLVW|UQHND]

RUV]iJEDÄ/DVVDQWDOiQPHJIRJMXNV]RNQLD]WDJRQGRODWRWLVKRJ\DPXV]NiNLP PiUPDJ\DUI|OG|QYDQQDN$]WPRQGMiNH]HNFVDNMHOHQWpNWHOHQEHW|UpVHN>«@

'HDKLYDWDORVKtUDGiVRNDWpVNRPPHQWiURNDWPiUQHKp]HJpV]HQNRPRO\DQYHQQL

*URWHV]NOKDQJ]LNPLNRUH]HNPDHJ\KyQDSyWDWDUWyiOODQGyYLVV]DYRQXOiVXQN XWiQPpJPLQGLJXJ\DQD]RQJ\Ę]HOHPLWWDVKDQJRQV]yOQDNKR]]iQNDPHO\HOVĘ NLVVpW~OEHFVOWVLNHUHLQNXWiQPHJV]yODOW´±tUMDQDSOyMiED%HU]HYLF]\$OEHUWD 0DJ\DU7XGRPiQ\RV$NDGpPLDHOQ|NHD7LV]D,VWYiQYH]HWWH1HP]HWL0XQNDSiUW PHJKDWiUR]ySROLWLNXVDpVRUV]iJJ\ĦOpVLNpSYLVHOĘMHDPLQLV]WHUHOQ|NV]HPpO\HV EL]DOPDVDV]HSWHPEHUiQ1

1 BERZEVICZY

(3)

105

$KDUFRNDWiWpOĘNDWRQiNFHQ]~Ui]DWODQOHYHOHLEHQPpJĘV]LQWpEEHQWiUXOIHOD 0RQDUFKLD KDGVHUHJpW pUW NH]GHWL YHUHVpJHN KDWiVD pV NHVHUĦVpJH DPL DNNRULEDQ D KDGHUĘ HJpV]pW iWMiUWD$ FViV]iUL pV NLUiO\L QDJ\NDQL]VDL DV J\DORJH]UHGEHQ V]ROJiOypVD]ĘV]LQDJ\YLVV]DYRQXOiVWYpJLJKDUFROy-DQNy=VLJPRQGH]WtUMD IHOHVpJpQHNDWURSSDXLNyUKi]EDQOiEDGR]YDQRYHPEHUiQÄ(QQHNDKiERU~QDN PpJYpJHQHPOHV]PHUWDQQ\LD]RURV]PLQWDIĦV]iOpVtJ\EDMRVDQOHKHWĘNHW OHJ\Ę]QLKDFVDNYDODKRJ\NLQHPEpNOQHN>«@´2$FLYLOpOHWEHQHJ\V]HUĦSD UDV]WJD]GDOHYHOHLEHQLVPHJIRJDOPD]yGLNDSURSDJDQGDV]ROJiODWiEDiOOtWRWWVDMWy NULWLNiMDÄ$]pUWQHP~J\YDQiPPLQWD]~MViJtUMD´-DQNy=VLJPRQGNH]GHWWĘO IRJYDUHiOLVDQDSDUDV]WHPEHUHNE|OFVHVVpJpYHOV]HPOpOWHDN|UO|WWH]DMOyHVHPp Q\HNHWpVD]RUV]iJYiUKDWyM|YĘMpW'HFHPEHUiQtUMDDIHOHVpJpQHNDNyUKi]EyO Ä$KiERU~QDNPLNRUYpJHOHV]DUUDQLQFVNLOiWiV,JD]DPLH]UHGQNRURV]I|OG|Q YDQpQOHJDOiEERWWKDJ\WDP'HD]RURV]RNLVQDJ\RQEHM|WWHNiPGpONHOHWIHOĘO$Y YDOD]~MViJRNVHPGLFVHNHGQHNRGDKD]DJRQGRORP'HpQPiUDUUD*DOtFLiWiWJ\D ORJROWDPPHUUHPRVWRURV]RNYDQQDN$]EL]RQ\QDJ\I|OGpVPiU0DJ\DURUV]iJUD LVPpO\HQEHPHQWHN0pJD]DV]HUHQFVpWHNKRJ\QHPH]HQDUpV]pQYDQDIDOXQND]

RUV]iJQDN0HUWWHHOVHPEtURGJRQGROQLGHNLQHPOiWWDHOVHPKLKHWLPLO\HQSXV]

WtWiVWWHV]QHND]RURV]RNPHUUHMiUQDN2WWDKi]DNRQpSDMWyYDJ\DEODNQHPPDUDG

%HQWDKi]EDQSHGLJDE~WRURNDW|VV]HW|ULNIHOIRUJDWMiNDPLWKDV]QiOQDNHOYLV]LN /HJDOiEE*DOtFLiEDQDKRQQDQHJ\V]HUNLOHWWHNYHUYHtJ\WHWWHN2WWpSHQVHPPL VHPPDUDGW$V]DUYDVPDUKiNDWpVORYDNDWHOKDMWRWWiNPDJXNNDOD]DVV]RQ\RNRQ HUĘV]DNRWWHWWHN,O\HQHND]RURV]RNpVPiUEHQQYDQQDNKD]iQNEDQLVPpO\HQ7H QHPLVJRQGRORGRWWKRQPLO\HQQ\RPRU~ViJYDQDUUDPHUUHHJ\V]HUHOOHQVpJMiUeQ VHPKLWWHPYROQDGHOiWWDP>«@+iWEL]RQ\QDJ\LGĘNHWpOQN+pWIHOĘOW|UWUiQN D]HOOHQVpJEL]RQ\QHPWXGQLPLOHV]DYpJH0LOHV]PpJQHPFVDNYHOQNKDODQGy NDWRQiNNDOGHPpJKD]iQNLVQHPEL]RQ\RVKRJ\DQNHUONLHEEĘODKiERU~EyOeQ D]HOVĘSHUFWĘOIRJYDQDJ\RQNRPRO\QDNOiWRPDKHO\]HWHWPRQDUFKLiQNUDQp]YH$]W KLV]HPDYpJHYHV]WHVpJIRJOHQQL´4

$]GHFHPEHUiQ%HOJUiGEHYpWHOpWPpJNLYLOiJtWiVVDOQQHSOĘ%XGD SHVWHQGHFHPEHUN|]HSpQDWHOMHVFVDOyGRWWViJOHV]~UUiDPLNRUDV]HUEHNHOOHQWi PDGiVDQ\RPiQLVPpWYLVV]DNHOOHWWYRQXOQLXND0RQDUFKLDFVDSDWDLQDNÄ$PD URNQ\LV]HUEQpSPHO\HWPLPHJDNDUWXQNVHPPLVtWHQLYDNPHUĘVpJHEQWHWpVpO

2 KIRÁLY – ŠÖVEGEŠ

8R

4 8R±

(4)

EHQQQNHW FV~IRVDQ PHJYHUW (] D WpQ\ pV H]]HO V]HPEHQ J\HUHNHVHQ pV ERV]

V]DQWyDQKDQJ]DQDNDVDMWyPDJ\DUi]DWRNPHO\HNHQQHNMHOHQWĘVpJpWOHNLFVLQ\t WHQLDNDUQiN´±tUMD%HU]HYLF]\$OEHUWGHFHPEHUpQDQDSOyMiED5$YHUHVpJHN DSROLWLNDLHOLWUHLVMHOHQWĘVKDWiVVDOYROWDN%HU]HYLF]\HJ\HQHVHQGHSUHVV]LyNpQW tUMD OH D GHFHPEHUL KDQJXODWRW7LV]D ,VWYiQ SpOGiXO D KDGVHUHJ N|]|V ]iV]Oy pV MHOYpQ\NpUGpVpWÄGHFHPEHUEHQyKDMWRWWDHV]N|]OĘEHYHQQLGHDV]HUELDLYLVV]DYR QXOiVXQNWyORNR]RWWGHSUHVV]LyQHPYROWHUUHDONDOPDVSLOODQDW´

PiUFLXViQDNPiVRGLNIHOH3U]HP\ĞOHOHVWH~MDEEQ\RPDV]WyLGĘV]DNRW KR]RWW%HU]HYLF]\$OEHUWPiUFLXVHLQDSOyEHMHJ\]pVHV]HULQWDNRUPiQ\WDJMDL D]HUĘGHOHVWpYHOV]iPROWDNVĘWD]WtUMDKRJ\DÄKRQYpGHOPLPLQLV]WHURV]WMDQp]H WHPHWKRJ\WRYiEELHUHGPpQ\HNHWPiUQHPYiUKDWXQNHOLVPHULKRJ\YHV]WHWWQN

±|VV]HYpYHPLQGHQW±PLQWHJ\PiVIpOPLOOLyHPEHUWpVNpV]YROQDEpNpWN|WQL FVDNOHKHWQHWLV]WHVVpJJHO´

$ YiUKDWy HVHPpQ\ WpQ\OHJHV EHN|YHWNH]pVH D] HUUH IHONpV]OHWOHQ N|]YpOH PpQ\ V]iPiUD OHV~MWy HUĘYHO EtUW Ä3U]HP\ĞO HOHVWpQHN KtUH WHJQDS HVWH YLOOiP FVDSiVNpQWKDWRWWD]HJpV]IĘYiURVUD$]HPEHUHNW~OQ\RPyUpV]pWWHOMHVHQNpV]

OHWOHQOpUWHpVKDWiViEDQOHV~MWyEEYROWPpJ6]HUELDNLUtWpVHKtUpQpOLV´±tUWD PiUFLXViQQDSOyMiEDD]DNDGpPLDHOQ|NH

%HU]HYLF]\D]HVHPpQ\HNKDWiViUDHJ\HQHVHQDEpNHN|WpVUH|V]W|Q]LDPLQLV]

WHUHOQ|N|WÄeQ7LV]iWPpO\PHJJ\Ę]ĘGpVHPQHNPHJIHOHOĘHQD]pJUHNpUWHPKDV VRQRGDKRJ\PLHOĘEEEpNpWN|VVQNDVWDWXVTXyQNDODSMiQ0LKyGtWDQL~J\VH DNDUXQN EHQQQNHW DNDUWDN PHJVHPPLVtWHQL H]W SHGLJ ĘN QHP pUWLN eUMN EH H]]HOD]HUHGPpQQ\HOQDJ\RNDWPiU~J\VHUHPpOKHWQN0LQpONpVĘEEN|WMNPHJ DEpNpWDQQiOURVV]DEEOHV]D]RUV]iJSHGLJEHOHSXV]WXOHEEHDKiERU~ED´107LV]D

5 BERZEVICZY

8R

3U]HP\ĞO HUĘGUHQGV]HUpQHN HOVĘ RVWURPD V]HSWHPEHU WĘO pV RNWyEHU LJ PiVRGLN RVWURPDQRYHPEHUWĘOPiUFLXVLJWDUWRWW$H]HUIĘVRV]WUiN±PDJ\DUYp GĘVHUHJ]|PpWQpSIHONHOĘHJ\VpJHNNpSH]WpNPHOOHWWNHJ\HWOHQVRUDODNXODWD]|PPHOPDJ\DU OHJpQ\VpJĦV]HJHGLKRQYpGJ\DORJKDGRV]WiO\YROW(QQHNDN|WHOpNpEHWDUWR]RWWDV]HJHGL J\DORJGDQGiUDJ\XODLpVV]HJHGLKRQYpGJ\DORJH]UHGGHOYDODPLQWDOXJRVLJ\DORJ GDQGiUDYHUVHFLpVOXJRVLKRQYpGJ\DORJH]UHGGHO$YiURVWpVD]HUĘG|WDJRUOLFHLiWW|UpVW N|YHWĘHQM~QLXViQIRJODOWiNYLVV]DD]RV]WUiNPDJ\DUFVDSDWRN

BERZEVICZY

BERZEVICZY

10 BERZEVICZY

(5)

Q\XJRGWDQpVEDUiWViJRVDQIRJDGWDEL]DOPDVDIHOV]yODPOiViWGHNLIHMH]WHKRJ\D KHO\]HWHWQHPOiWMDHUUHpUHWQHNVEt]RWWDKiERU~NHGYH]ĘEEEHIHMH]pVpEHQ11

$IDOXVLNLVHPEHUVHPOiWWDRSWLPLVWiEEDQDKHO\]HWHW-DQNy=VLJPRQGH]WtUMD IHOHVpJpQHNPiUFLXVpQDSUiJDLNyUKi]EyOÄ0LQWPiUDP~OWQDSLVtU WDP3U]HPLVOLHOHVHWWPHUWQHPYROWPiUpOHOPLV]HUEHQQ7HKiWPHJLQWNpWIRJRO\

YDQDIDOXQNEyOKDHGGLJYDODPHO\LNHOQHPHVHWW0RVWPiURQQDQVRNRURV]NDWR QDM|KHWDIURQWUD0DMGWDOiQH]HNHOG|QWLNDKiERU~VRUViW0HUWKRJ\OHJ\Ę]]N ĘNHWDQQDNPiUV]HSWHPEHUEHQQHPEt]WDP´12

-DQNy=VLJPRQGIHOVpJH.RYiFV0DWLOG=DODYiUPHJ\HL6]pFVLV]HQWOiV]OyUyO PiUFLXViQIpUMHNRUiEELOHYHOpUHtUWYiODV]DLVDNRUV]DNiUXONRGyOH Q\RPDWDÄ&V~Q\DGROJRNYDQQDNDKDUFWpUHQRGDQHNtYiQNR]]eVPRVWKRJ\

3U]HPLVOLWD]RURV]RNEHYHWWpNQHPHQJHGQHNV]DEDGViJUDKD]DVHQNLWeVD]WLV HOW|U|OWpND]~MViJEDQKRJ\QDSUDVHQNLWPHJQHPHUHV]WHQHNeVFVDNPDUDGM RWWWHLV>WLDNyUKi]EDQ@0DMGSQN|VGUHKDM|VV].DQL]ViUDD]VHOHV]EDM/HJ DOiEEDYHV]pO\EHNpVĘEEHQNHUOV]´

$FVDOyGRWWViJDQpPHWV]|YHWVpJHVVHOIHQQiOOyYLV]RQ\UDLVN|OFV|Q|VHQMHO OHP]ĘYROW$N|]IHOIRJiVUpV]HYROWDPLW%HU]HYLF]\$OEHUWLVW|EEV]|UNLIHMW KRJ\ D QpPHWHN Q\XJDWL VLNHUWHOHQVpJH PLDWW NHOOHWW D 0RQDUFKLiQDN QDJ\REE WHUKHWYiOODOQLDD]RURV]RNHOOHQpEHQUiDGiVXODQpPHWHNVHPOHJHViOODPRNNDO WDQ~VtWRWW PDJDWDUWiVD D]RN J\ĦO|OHWpW YiOWRWWD NL $XV]WULD0DJ\DURUV]iJJDO V]HPEHQLV

$QpPHWV]|YHWVpJHVHNLVFVDOyGRWWDNYROWDND]RV]WUiNPDJ\DUKDGVHUHJiO WDOXNQHPPHJIHOHOĘQHNWDUWRWWKHO\WiOOiVDYDODPLQWD0RQDUFKLD2ODV]RUV]iJJDO V]HPEHQLPDNDFVViJDPLDWWKRJ\WXGQLLOOLNQHPYROWKDMODQGyWHUOHWLHQJHGPp Q\HNUHDNRUiEELV]|YHWVpJHVKiERU~EyOW|UWpQĘWiYROWDUWiVDpUGHNpEHQ14

$N|]KDQJXODWMHOHQWĘVMDYXOiViWHUHGPpQ\H]WHDN|]SRQWLKDWDOPDNPi MXViQ*RUOLFpQpOPHJLQGtWRWWVLNHUHVRIIHQ]tYiMD15DPHO\QHNHUHGPpQ\HNpQWD]

RURV]RNDWVLNHUOWNLYHUQLD0DJ\DU.LUiO\ViJWHUOHWpUĘOPDMG*DOtFLiEyOLV

11 8R

12 KIRÁLY– ŠÖVEGEŠ

8R

14 BERZEVICZY

15 $ PD /HQJ\HORUV]iJKR] WDUWR]y JDOtFLDL WHUOHWHQ %iUWID PDJDVViJiEDQ D 0DJ\DU .LUiO\ViJ KDWiUDLWyONPUHpV]DNUDNLERQWDNR]yRIIHQ]tYiWDQpPHWpVRV]WUiNPDJ\DUKDGRV]WiO\

EyOOpWUHKR]RWWQpPHWKDGVHUHJLQGtWRWWD$KDGVHUHJSDUDQFVQRNiYiNLQHYH]HWW0DFNHQVHQ YH]pUH]UHGHVLUiQ\tWiVDDOiNHUOWD]RV]WUiNPDJ\DUKDGVHUHJLV$]tJ\OpWUHM|WW0DFNHQVHQ VHUHJFVRSRUWWiPDGiViQDNDFpOMDD]YROWKRJ\D]RURV]RNDWD.iUSiWRNYRQDOiWyOYLVV]DYHVVpN

(6)

$N|]KDQJXODWNHGYH]ĘEEUHIRUGXOiVDD]HJ\pQKDQJXODWiUDLVMHOHQWĘVKD WiVWJ\DNRUROW%HU]HYLF]\$OEHUWOHONHVHGYHtUMDPiMXViQÄ9pJUHHOpU WHPD]WDQDSRWDPHO\EHQD]RURV]RNPHJ\pPEĘONLWDNDURGWDN,VWHQQHNKiOD´

$NRUiEEDQLGp]HWW-DQNy=VLJPRQGOHYHOHLWLVDEL]DNRGiVKD]D¿DVViJpVKDUFLDV ViJKDWMDiWPiMXViEDQPiVRGLNIURQWUDLQGXOiVDHOĘWW)HOHVpJpQHNtUWPiMXV DLOHYHOpEHQH]WROYDVVXNÄ$]pUWFVDNQ\XJRGMPHJ,VWHQDNDUDWiEDQPHUWQDJ\

pV V]HQW J\UĘO KD]iQN M|YHQGĘMpUĘO YDQ V]y 0HUW pGHVHP D KD]D OHJHOĘEEUH YDOy9DODPLQWPLUiQNĘVHLQNQHPHQJHGWpNDUDELJiWLQNiEEpOHWNHWDGWiNDKD]D ROWiUiQ7HKiWPDLVPLNRUD]XWiQXQNM|YĘQHP]HGpNHNVRUViUyOYDQV]yJ\iYD HPEHUNLRNQpONOHOE~MLNN|WHOHVVpJHHOĘO$]QHPpUGHPOLPHJKRJ\YDODKD PpJHJ\V]yUDLVpUGHPHVQHNWDUWViN$]pUWNHGYHVIHOHVpJHPFVDNQ\XJRGWDQ Et]]DWRNVRUVRPUD+D,VWHQ~J\DNDUMDDKD]iPpUWQ\XJRGWDQWĦU|NpVV]HQYHGHN +DPHJWHWWHPN|WHOHVVpJHPHWD]WiQPpJYDODKDPLLVOHV]QNEROGRJRN´

ÚJ ELLENSÉG A LÁTHATÁRON

$ 0RQDUFKLD ODNRVViJD D]RQEDQ QHP VRNiLJ WXGWD D J\Ę]HOHP |U|PpW pOYH]QL

$ GXQDL ELURGDORP GpOQ\XJDWL KDWiUDLQiO V|WpW IHOKĘN NH]GWHN J\OHNH]QL $]

2ODV]RUV]iJ KiERU~EyO YDOy WiYROPDUDGiViW V]ROJiOy WiUJ\DOiVRN QHP YH]HWWHN HUHGPpQ\UH7|EEV]|U LGp]HWW IRUUiVXQN %HU]HYLF]\$OEHUW V]HULQW7LV]D XJ\DQ PiUFLXViEDQ PpJ EL]DNRGy YROW D] RODV]RN WiYROPDUDGiViEDQ 'pO7LURO pV D] ,VRQ]y Y|OJ\ iWHQJHGpVH IHMpEHQ D]RQEDQ RODV] ~MViJtUyNNDO IRO\WDWRWW

LOOHWYHKRJ\DVLNHUHVKDGPĦYHOHWWHOD]RODV]RNDWpVDURPiQRNDWDKiERU~EDOpSpVWĘOYLVV]DUL DVV]iN$IĘLUiQ\EDQDQpPHWKDGVHUHJWiPDGRWWDEDOV]iUQ\RQD]RV]WUiNPDJ\DUDMREE V]iUQ\RQDKDGVHUHJ(]XWyEELQDNDV]LPEROLNXVMHOHQWĘVpJĦ3U]HP\ĞOYLVV]DIRJODOiVDYROWD FpOMD$IURQWYRQDOG|QWĘV]DNDV]iQNDWRQDVRUDNR]RWWIHODWiPDGiVKR]DPHO\HW O|YHJpVDNQDYHWĘWiPRJDWRWW$]RURV]IpOLWWNDWRQiYDOpVO|YHJJHOUHQGHONH]HWW

$ WiPDGiV PiMXV iQ yUDNRU yUiV W]pUVpJL HOĘNpV]tWpVVHO LQGXOW PDMG yUDNRU OHQGOW WiPDGiVUDDJ\DORJViJ$QpPHWKDGVHUHJpVD]RV]WUiNPDJ\DUKDGVHUHJMREEV]iUQ\D NLORPpWHUV]pOHVVpJEHQNPPpO\VpJEHQD]RQQDOiWW|UWHD]RURV]YpGHOPHWDPLWHVWpUHPiU NPV]pOHVVpJĦUHEĘYtWHWW$]iWW|UpVKDWiViUDPiMXVpQDPHJLQGXOWD0DJ\DU.LUiO\ViJ WHUOHWpUHEHW|UW%UXV]LORYWiERUQRNSDUDQFVQRNViJDDODWWiOOyRURV]KDGVHUHJYLVV]DYRQXOiVD pVOG|]pVHLV$WiPDGiVHUHGPpQ\HNpQW|VV]HRPORWWD]RURV]GpOQ\XJDWLIURQW$]HNNRUNH]GĘ GĘpVV]HSWHPEHULJWDUWyKDGPĦYHOHWHNEHQD]RURV]KDGVHUHJPLOOLyHPEHUWYHV]tWHWWD]

0RQDUFKLDYHV]WHVpJHPLOOLyIĘUHWHKHWĘ

BERZEVICZY KIRÁLY– ŠÖVEGEŠ

BERZEVICZY

(7)

EHV]pOJHWpVHLDODSMiQHJ\UHQ|YHNYĘWHUOHWLpWYiJ\XNUyOV]iPROEHDPLPiU7UL HV]WPHJV]HU]pVpWLVMHOHQWHWWH

0iMXVUDIRO\DPDWRVDQURVV]DEERGyKtUHNUĘOWXGyVtWQDSOyMiEDQDPLV]iPiUD PLQWD]RODV]NXOW~UDpVW|UWpQHOHPLUiQWLV]HQYHGpO\HVpUGHNOĘGĘV]iPiUDyULiVL FVDOyGiVWMHOHQWHWW$KiERU~NH]GHWpQLVPpOWDWODQNRGRWWD]RODV]RNVHPOHJHVVpJL Q\LODWNR]DWiQDNLNDKiUPDVV]|YHWVpJLV]HU]ĘGpVpUWHOPpEHQWDUWR]WDNYROQD)UDQ FLDRUV]iJRW PHJWiPDGQL20 D] RODV] SDUODPHQW KiERU~V W|UYpQ\MDYDVODWUyO V]yOy PiMXVDLV]DYD]iViWSHGLJPiUPpO\IiMGDORPPDO|U|NtWHWWHPHJ21

$]RODV]SDUODPHQWLV]DYD]iVWHJ\pELUiQWD]HJpV]0RQDUFKLDYLVV]DIRMWRWWOp OHJ]HWWHON|YHWWHėNPpJQHPWXGWiNKRJ\DV]tQIDODNP|J|WWiSULOLV iQ/RQGRQEDQ2ODV]RUV]iJPiUN|WHOH]HWWVpJHWYiOODOWD]DQWDQWROGDOiQDKDGED OpSpVUH$IURQWRNRQV]ROJiODWRWWHOMHVtWĘNDWRQiNLV¿J\HOWpNDKtUHNHWKLV]ĘNHW pULQWHWWH OHJN|]YHWOHQHEEO DQQDN D YpJHUHGPpQ\H ËJ\ YROW H]]HO GU .HPpQ\

*\XOD LV D V]HUE IURQWRQ iOORPiVR]y FViV]iUL pV NLUiO\L QDJ\YiUDGL J\DORJ H]UHG,9]iV]OyDOMiQDNH]UHGRUYRVDDNLtJ\|U|NtWHWWHPHJQDSOyMiEDQH]HNHWD QDSRNDWÄ>PiMXV@pQHVWHPiU2UDãMHQHYĦIDOXEDQDOV]XQN3RQWD6]iYD SDUWRQIHNV]LNDW~OROGDOODOHJ\KDGLKtGN|WL|VV]HHUUĘOPLWVHPWXGWXQN+RYi PHJ\QNYDQQDJ\WDOiOJDWiV6iWRUEDQDOV]XQNV]DNDGD]HVĘG|U|JD]pJ,WiOLD IHOĘOLJHQYDGKtUHNM|QQHN+ROQDSO|VV]HDSDUODPHQW5yPiEDQRWWIRJHOGĘOQL OHV]HKiERU~>«@0DpQ9LQNRYFLEDQ'XJDQHYĦXWFDV]DODWWtURP H]HQVRURNDWLWWROYDVRPHJ\HJ\V]HUĦV]HJpQ\HVKi]EDQDODSRNEDQN|]|OWRODV]

IHOWpWHOHNHW

$]RQQDOL PHJV]iOOiVD HJpV] 7UHQWLQyQDN22 ,V]WULiQDN 7ULHV]WWHO 3yOiYDO )LXPpYDOHJ\WWH]HQNtYODGDOPiWWHQJHUSDUWWHQJHUpV]HWLiOORPiVDLQDN W|EEDGULDLV]LJHWQHN

6]HUELiYDOWLORVPLQGHQWRYiEELKDUF /HPRQGiVDEDONiQLpUGHNHOWVpJUĘO 6]DEDGNp],WiOLiQDNDW|U|NNHOV]HPEHQ

6]DEDG Np] ,WiOLiQDN 6]HUELD %HOJLXP WiPRJDWiViEDQ D EpNHNRQJUHVV]X VRQ´

BERZEVICZY

20 BERZEVICZY 21 BERZEVICZY 22 'pO7LURO

PINTÉR 2012.

(8)

110

%HU]HYLF]\$OEHUW tJ\ V]iPRO EH D] RODV] SDUODPHQWEHQ D W|UWpQWHNUĘO PiMXVpQNHOWQDSOyMHJ\]HWpEHQÄ0HJW|UWpQW$]RODV]NDPDUDWHJQDSPDMG QHP HOOHQWPRQGiV QpONO pV KD]D¿DV OHONHVHGpV GHOtULXPiQDN MHOHQVpJHL N|]|WW PHJV]DYD]WDDKiERU~VW|UYpQ\MDYDVODWRNDWDNRUPiQ\QDNHJ\HOĘWHUMHV]WpVHDODS MiQ PHO\ YLVV]DWDV]tWy V]|YHGpNH D KD]XJViJQDN KLWYiQ\ UJ\ IDUDJiVRNQDN NpSPXWDWiVRNQDNpVNpWpUWHOPĦYDJ\pUWHOPHWOHQIUi]LVRNQDN+RJ\H]UiQNDKi ERU~PHJKRVV]DEEtWiViWYDJ\PHJU|YLGtWpVpWDJ\Ę]HOPHVHQNLiOODQGyPHJSUy EiOWDWiVRNV]DSRURGiViWYDJ\DNDWDV]WUyIiWMHOHQWLH"$]WPDPpJVHQNLVHPWXGQi PHJPRQGDQL$PLQGLJRSWLPLVWD7LV]DD]WKLV]LKRJ\2ODV]RUV]iJJDOV]HPEHQ EiWUDQI|OYHKHWMNDGHIHQ]tYiWVKRJ\5RPiQLDpV*|U|JRUV]iJQ\XJWRQPDUDG QDN$PLQGLJSHVV]LPLVWD+D]DLWHJQDSHOĘWWHPEL]DOPDWODQRGDQ\LODWNR]RWWKRJ\

KDWiUXQNpSSHQVpJJHOQLQFV2ODV]RUV]iJHOOHQNHOOĘHQPHJYpGYHVKRJ\

HPEHUNNHO W WXGXQN V]HPEHiOOtWDQL 6]yYDO D]W KLV]L EH NHOO DGQXQN D GHUHNXQNDW´24(]HNN|]pDÄV]HPEHiOOtWDQGy´FVDSDWRNN|]pWDUWR]RWWDIHQWHEE LGp]HWWGU.HPpQ\*\XODPiUD]RODV]KDWiUIHOp~WRQOpYĘDODNXODWDLV

%HU]HYLF]\V]HPpO\HVFVDOyGRWWViJDyULiVLÄ(]QHNHPHJpV]HQV]HPpO\HVIiM GDOPDPFVDOyGiVRPOHONLYiOViJRPÒJ\pU]HPPLQWKDHJ\KR]]iPOHJN|]HOHEE iOOyOpQ\WYHV]tWHWWHPYROQDHOYDJ\KDOiODYDJ\±DPLPpJURVV]DEE±EHFVWH OHQVpJHiOWDO0LQWKDNLYROQpNH]HQW~OWLOWYDHJ\KDMOpNEyODPHO\EHPLQGHQQDS

GOQL|UOQLPHJQ\XJRGQLMiUWDP(]DWDSDV]WDOiVQHPFVDNDM|YĘPHWUDEROMD HO PHO\WĘO PiU ~J\VHP YiUKDWRN VRNDW KDQHP PpJ D OHJV]HEE HPOpNHLPEH LV PpUJHWYHJ\tW´25

0LQGHN|]EHQGpOHQGU.HPpQ\*\XODDODNXODWiWVHEHVHQU|StWLDYRQDWDELUR GDORPGpOQ\XJDWLV]HJOHWHIHOpÄ>PiMXV@pQUHJJHOQpJ\yUDNRUHOLQGXO YHOQNDYRQDWV]pSKD]iQNIHOp3pFVUH.pWYRQDWYLV]LD]iV]OyDOMDW(J\LNHQ YDQD]iV]OyDOMQpJ\V]i]DGDHPEHUDJpSIHJ\YHUDVHJpO\KHO\W|OWpQ\

KRUGypVWLV]WLORYDNDPiVLNRQDWUpQ$KiURPPHQHWV]i]DGXQNOHPDUDGWWĘOQN OHKHW KRJ\ XWiQXQN M|QQHN GH OHKHW KRJ\ PiVKRYi LQGXOQDN 5RKDQ YHOQN D YRQDWDOLJiOOXQNPHJYDODKRO%DNiLQNYtJDQYDQQDNQDJ\RYiFLyYDOIRJDGQDN EHQQQNHWDPDJ\DURNPLQGHQIHOp$]DVV]RQ\RNVtUQDNDQyWi]yNOiWWiUDPLQ GHQNLpU]LKRJ\PiVpUWQyWi]LNPRVWDEDNDPiVNpSSpUH]5RSSDQWOHONHVHGpVVHO LQWHJHWQHNV]DODGQDNDYRQDWKR]DPDJ\DURN3pFVHQNHUHV]WOÒMGRPEyYiURQiW PHJ\QN1DJ\RQVUJĘVOHKHWD]J\PHUWDOHJQDJ\REEiOORPiVRNRQYDJ\DOLJ

24 BERZEVICZY

25 8R

(9)

111

YDJ\PHJVHPiOOXQNSHGLJ~J\V]HUHWQpQNPpJHJ\V]HUPLQGHQNLYHOEHV]pOQL PHUWKiWKDFVDNXJ\DQPpJHJ\V]HUOHV]XWROMiUDHKKH]DONDOPXQN5RVV]XOLVHVLN D]HPEHUQHNOiWQLD]pOHWHWVFVDN~J\HOURKDQQLPHOOHWWHDPLNRUD]|VV]HVOiQ\RN DVV]RQ\RNLJD]iQVtUYDLQWHJHWQHNXWiQXQN

iQSQN|VGYDViUQDSMiQHOKDJ\WXNDPDJ\DUKDWiUW$OHYHOH]pVNpUGpVpWD EDNiNHJ\V]HUĦHQ~J\ROGRWWiNPHJKRJ\D]iOORPiVRNRQOHGREiOWiNODSMDLNDWD FLYLOHNIHOV]HGWpNVEL]RQ\RVDQIHODGMiN3HWWDXPDMGPiVQDJ\REEQpPHWKHO\

VpJHNHQiWiQpMMHONRUPiU/DLEDFKEDQYDJ\XQNMDYiEDQDOV]XQNDPLNRU D]iOORPiVQHYpWNLDEiOMiN$OLJiOOLWWDYRQDWSHUFLJPiULQGXOWRYiEEPtJ pQUHJJHONRU3RGPHOHFQHYĦKHO\VpJKH]pUNH]HWWYRQDWXQN

,WWNLV]iOOXQNVD]RQQDOLQGXOXQNWRYiEEJ\DORJUHWWHQWĘKĘVpJEHQ,WWKDOOMXN KRJ\iOOtWyODJPiUPHJYDQDKDG]HQHW2ODV]RUV]iJUpV]pUĘO5RSSDQWPDJDVOD WRNRQ iW WLNNDV]Wy PHOHJEHQ /XELQy QHYĦ NLV IDOXQ iW pUNH]QN GpOXWiQ NRU 3UDSHWQyEDH]HJ\NLFVLIDOXN|]YHWOHQ7ROPHLQYiURVNDHOĘWW

$3UDSHWQyHOĘWWLPDJDVODWRQGpOLQHJ\HGNRUSQN|VGKpWIĘMpQPiMXV pQKDOOMXND]HOVĘNpWiJ\~V]yW)HOHPHOĘSLOODQDW(J\PiVUDQp]QNÒMUDLWWD KiERU~NLpOLW~O"9LFFHOQNpVHJ\PiVWE~FV~]WDWMXNHODKRJ\H]WPiUV]RNWXN´

+$5&2.$=,621=Ï1È/e6$'2%(5'Ï)(116Ë.21

$VYiMFLKDWiUWyOD]$GULiLJK~]yGyNLORPpWHUKRVV]~~MIURQWRQM~QLXVi EDQQpJ\RODV]KDGVHUHJVRUDNR]RWWIHOWiPDGiVUDDPLIpOPLOOLyNDWRQiWMHOHQWHWW

$YHONV]HPEHQiOOyJ\RUVDQLGHLUiQ\tWRWWRV]WUiNPDJ\DUFVDSDWRNYDODPLQWD NRUiEELKDWiUYpGĘHUĘN|VV]OpWV]iPDDOLJH]HUIĘWWHWWNL(]HNQHND]DODNX ODWRNQDNDIHOHPDJ\DUWHUOHWHNUĘONLiOOtWRWWHJ\VpJHNEĘOiOOW$NLDODNXOy~MGpO Q\XJDWLIURQWIĘSDUDQFVQRND-HQĘIĘKHUFHJYH]pUH]UHGHVOHWWDNLD]HUĘYLV]RQ\RN DODSMiQFVDNDYpGHOHPUHJRQGROKDWRWW$YpJLJKHJ\HNNHOERUtWRWWIURQWV]DNDV]RQ DKDGW|UWpQHOHPOHJKRVV]DEEKHJ\LKiERU~MDYHWWHNH]GHWpW

$ RODV] KDGVHUHJ WiPDGiViQDN D FpOMD pV]DN IHOp 9LOODFK .ODJHQIXUW LUi Q\iEDQ D 'UiYD Y|OJ\ D RODV] KDGVHUHJp NHOHWL LUiQ\EDQ D] ,VRQ]yQ iWNHOYH D

0D3WXM6]ORYpQLD

0D/MXEOMDQD6]ORYpQLD

0D/MXELQM6]ORYpQLD

0D7ROPLQ6]ORYpQLD

PINTÉR 2012.

(10)

112

:LSSDFKY|OJ\|QNHUHV]WO/DLEDFKpVD6]iYDY|OJ\PtJGpONHOHWLLUiQ\EDQ7ULHV]W pVD],V]WULDLIpOV]LJHWHOpUpVHYROW$]$OSRNPDJDVODWDLQNHUHV]WOYH]HWĘWiPDGiV NHYpVVLNHUUHONHFVHJWHWHWW$:LSSDFKY|OJ\EHW|UWpQĘEHMXWiVN|QQ\HEEIHODGDWQDN tJpUNH]HWW$MHOHQWĘVRODV]ODNRVViJJDOUHQGHONH]Ę*|U]LOOHWYHH]WN|YHWĘHQ7ULHV]W pVD],V]WULDHOIRJODOiVDDSURSDJDQGDV]iPiUDLVIRQWRVHUHGPpQQ\HONHFVHJWHWHWW

$]RV]WUiNPDJ\DUKDGYH]HWpV~J\G|QW|WWKRJ\QHPDEpNHEHOLKDWiURNPHQWpQ KDQHPDWHUPpV]HWHVWHUHSDNDGiO\RNP|J|WWUHQGH]NHGLNEHPHUHYiOOiVYpGHOHPUH tJ\DWiPDGiVRNIĘLUiQ\iEDQD],VRQ]yP|JpYRQWDYLVV]DD]HUĘLW$],VRQ]yQNpW KtGIĘWOpWHVtWHWW7ROPHLQQpOpV*|U]QpODKRQQpWHJ\NHGYH]ĘEEKHO\]HWEHQHOOHQWi PDGiVWNH]GHPpQ\H]KHW$NLERQWDNR]yKDUFRNHQQHNDNpWKtGIĘQHNELUWRNOiVipUW IRO\WDN$IHQWHEELGp]HWW'U.HPpQ\*\XODDODNXODWDDKHJ\LGDQGiUUpV]HNpQWD WROPHLQLKtGIĘYpGHOPpEHQN]G|WWD]HON|YHWNH]ĘLGĘV]DNEDQDPHO\HWD]RWWKDUFR OyFVDSDWRNYpJLJPHJWXGWDNĘUL]QLD]RODV]RNPHJPHJ~MXOyWiPDGiVDLN|]HSHWWH

$] pYH]UHGHV KDGL pV NHUHVNHGHOPL ~WQDN V]iPtWy :LSSDFKY|OJ\EH W|UWpQĘ EHMXWiVKR]D]RODV]RNQDNHONHOOHWWIRJODOQLXNDJ|U]LKtGIĘW$KtGIĘYpGHOPpWpV DY|OJ\EHW|UWpQĘEHMXWiVPHJQHKH]tWpVpWD:LSSDFKWyOGpOUHPDJDVRGy.DUV]W IHQQVtNVHQQHNQ\XJDWLQ\~OYiQ\DD'REHUGyIHQQVtNV]ROJiOWD

)|OGUDM]LpUWHOHPEHQD'REHUGyIHQQVtND]$GULDLWHQJHUpV]DNLPHGHQFpMpEHQ IHNYĘ.DUV]WKHJ\VpJKR]]iYHWĘOHJNP2NLWHUMHGpVĦQ\XJDWLQ\~OYiQ\DDPHO\HW D9DOORQHY|OJ\YiODV]WHOD.DUV]WWyO.HOHWUĘOH]DY|OJ\GpOUĘOD]$GULDQ\XJDWUyO D],VRQ]ypV]DNUyOD:LSSDFKIRO\yiOWDOKDWiUROWWHUOHWH$WHUOHWDPHO\QHNQpY DGyMDDIHQQVtNGpOLUpV]pQWDOiOKDWy'REHUGyIDOXPDLKLYDWDORVQHYpQ'REHUGRGHO /DJRWHOHSOpV

2ODV]RUV]iJKDGEDOpSpVpWN|YHWĘHQDWiPDGyRODV]FVDSDWRNM~QLXV pQpUWpNHOD],VRQ]yYRQDOiW$KDGW|UWpQHWtUiVLVRQ]yLFVDWiWWDUWV]iPRQ(]HN EĘOEHQRODV]WiPDGiVRNUDNHUOWVRUM~QLXViWyOV]HSWHPEHUpLJPtJ RNWyEHUpEHQDFVDWDD]RV]WUiNPDJ\DUpVDV]|YHWVpJHVQpPHWDODNXODWRN N|]|VWiPDGiVDYROW&DSRUHWWyQiO

M~QLXViQD]HOVĘLVRQ]yLFVDWDNH]GHWpQDIRO\yDOVyIRO\iViQiOD KDGYH]HWpVG|QWpVpQHNPHJIHOHOĘHQD]RV]WUiNPDJ\DUFVDSDWRNYLVV]DYRQXOWDND 'REHUGyIHQQVtNUDpVRWWUHQGH]NHGWHNEHYpGHOHPUH$]RV]WUiNPDJ\DUKDGYH]H WĘVpJOiWYDDNLERQWDNR]yRODV]WiPDGiVRNIĘLUiQ\iWD]RURV]IURQWUyO.DULQWLiED

$IRO\yQHYHPD9LSDYD6]ORYpQLD

0D*RUL]LD2ODV]RUV]iJ

PINTÉR 2012.

(11)

YH]pQ\HOW9,, WHPHVYiUL KDGWHVW D]RQQDOL 'REHUGyIHQQVtNUD iWLUiQ\tWiViUyO KD WiUR]RWW$:LSSDFKWyODWHQJHULJWHUMHGĘWHUOHWYpGHOPpQHNLUiQ\tWiViYDO M~OLXV iQ -y]VHI ÈJRVW IĘKHUFHJ ORYDVViJL WiERUQRNRW D KDGWHVW SDUDQFVQRNiW Et]WiNPHJ

$KDGWHVWEpNHLGĘEHQLiOORPiVKHO\H7HPHVYiUYROW$YLOiJKiERU~NLUREEDQi VDNRUHOĘV]|UD%DONiQUDPDMGDXJXV]WXViQDNYpJpQD]RURV]IURQWUDKHO\H]

WpNLQQHQNHUOWPiMXViEDQ.DULQWLiED$W~OQ\RPyUpV]WDOI|OGLV]iUPD]iV~

PDJ\DUEDNiNDPDJDVKHJ\HNEHQNHYpVEpYROWDNDONDOPD]KDWyNDKHJ\LNLNpS]p VNpVIHOV]HUHOpVNLVKLiQ\]RWW(]HQRNRNpVDNpV]OĘRODV]WiPDGiVIĘLUiQ\iW OiWYDKDWiUR]RWWDKDGYH]HWĘVpJDKDGWHVW'REHUGyIHQQVtNUDYH]pQ\OpVpUĘO(NNRU NpWKDGRV]WiO\WDUWR]RWWDN|WHOpNpEHDWHPHVYiULN|]|VJ\DORJKDGRV]WiO\pVD QDJ\YiUDGLKRQYpGJ\DORJKDGRV]WiO\0LQGNpWKDGRV]WiO\PDJ\DURUV]iJLNL HJpV]tWpVĦH]UHGHNEĘOiOOW

$N|]|VJ\DORJKDGRV]WiO\KiERU~DODWWLSDUDQFVQRNDLD]H]UHGHNYH]HWĘL YHOHJ\WWRV]WUiNWLV]WHNYROWDN$KDGRV]WiO\WPiMXVDpVV]HSWHPEHUH N|]|WW.DUO*HOEWiERUQRNLUiQ\tWRWWD$KRQYpGKDGRV]WiO\pVD]DOiUHQGHOW VpJpEH WDUWR]y H]UHGHN SDUDQFVQRNDL D KRQYpG KDGHUĘ MHOOHJpEĘO N|YHWNH]ĘHQ PDJ\DURN YROWDN M~OLXV pQ 1DJ\ 3iO YH]pUĘUQDJ\WyO /XNDFKLFK *p]D YH]pUĘUQDJ\YHWWHiWDKDGRV]WiO\YH]HWpVpWDNLPiUDKDGWHVW'REHUGyUDpUNH]pVH HOĘWWLVLUiQ\tWRWWDDIHQQVtNYpGHOPpW,QQHQWĘONH]GYH/XNDFKLFKWiERUQRNQHYH HJ\EHIRQyGRWWDOHJHQGiVKDGRV]WiO\pYDO

$ 9,, KDGWHVW SDUDQFVQRNViJiW -y]VHI IĘKHUFHJ ORYDVViJL WiERUQRN QRYHPEHU pQ D]

RURV]IURQWRQYHWWHiW$PDJ\DUNDWRQiLN|]|WWUHQGNtYOQpSV]HUĦÄ-y]VHIDSiQNNpQW´HPOH JHWHWW-y]VHIÈJRVW±PDJ\DUNLUiO\LKHUFHJRV]WUiNIĘKHUFHJD+DEVEXUJGLQDV]WLD PDJ\DURUV]iJLiJiQDNWDJMDYROW$)HMpUPHJ\HL$OFV~WRQV]OHWHWWIĘKHUFHJDJ\ĘULEHQFpVJLP Qi]LXPHOYpJ]pVHXWiQWĘONHUOWNDWRQDLSiO\iUDEHQDEXGDSHVWLN|]|VJ\DORJRV KDGRV]WiO\SDUDQFVQRNDOHWW$KiERU~NLW|UpVHNRUKDGRV]WiO\DpOpQHOĘEEDV]HUEPDMGD]pV]DNL KDGV]tQWpUUHYH]pQ\HOWpN$9,,KDGWHVWpOpUHNHUOYHPDJ\DUNDWRQiLN|]|WWLQpSV]HUĦVpJpWN|]

YHWOHQVpJHD]HJ\V]HUĦN|]NDWRQDVRUVDLUiQWLpUGHNOĘGpVHpVW|UĘGpVHYDODPLQWPDJ\DUQ\HOY WXGiVDHUHGPpQ\H]WH'REHUGyIHQQVtNRQLVUHQGV]HUHVHQNHUHVWHIHOHJ\V]HUĦWLV]WLÄiOUXKiEDQ´

D]HOVĘYRQDODNEDQWDUWy]NRGyFVDSDWRNDWVEHV]pOJHWHWWHOPDJ\DUXODNLOpWpUĘOJ\DNUDQPLWVHP VHMWĘEDNiNNDOpVFVDSDWWLV]WHNNHO

$NDVVDLV]OHWpVĦEiUyVRPRUMDL/XNDFKLFK*p]D±EHQKDGQDJ\NpQWDN|]|V KDGVHUHJEHQNH]GWHDNDWRQDLSiO\DIXWiViWWyOD+RQYpGVpJKH]NHUOWVWĘOLPPiU H]UHGHVNpQW~MUDDN|]|VKDGVHUHJEHDKRODJ\DORJH]UHGSDUDQFVQRNDOHWWVD]DODNXODWpOpQ YRQXOWEHQDEDONiQLKDGV]tQWpUUH.pVĘEEDKHJ\LGDQGiUYH]HWĘMHNpQWNHUOWiW PiMXViEDQD]RODV]IURQWUD$'REHUGyQYtYRWWKĘVLHVKDUFDLWN|YHWĘHQDNpWJ\DORJKDGRV]WiO\W EiUKLYDWDORVDQDIRJDORPQHPOpWH]HWWD]2V]WUiN0DJ\DU0RQDUFKLDÄJiUGDKDGRV]WiO\DLNpQW´

LVHPOHJHWWpN

(12)

114

$IĘKHUFHJpVDKDGWHVWHOiWWDHOH]WN|YHWĘHQ'REHUGyYpGHOPpW$KDGWHVW EHWDUWR]yKDGRV]WiO\RNH]UHGHLPLQG0DJ\DURUV]iJWHUOHWpUĘONHUOWHNNL$

N|]|VKDGRV]WiO\DHVGHEUHFHQLDVNDUiQVHEHVLRVV]HJHGLpVDHV WHPHVYiULN|]|VPtJDKRQYpGKDGRV]WiO\D]HVEXGDSHVWLDVGHEUHFHQL HVQDJ\YiUDGLpVHVV]pNHVIHKpUYiULKRQYpGH]UHGHNEĘOiOOW5HLIHQEHUJEH VRUEDEHpUNH]ĘPDJ\DUH]UHGHNDNLYDJRQtUR]iVWN|YHWĘHQD]RQQDOiOOiVEDNHUO WHN$KDGWHVWpOpWNpSH]ĘHVV]pNHVIHKpUYiULKRQYpGHNpVDV]HJHGLRVRN M~OLXViQOHWWHNHOĘV]|UKDUFUDYH]pQ\HOYHD5HGLSXJOLDpV3ROD]]RN|]|WWL YpGHOPLV]DNDV]RQ

$'REHUGyYpGHOPLYRQDODDIHQQVtNMHOOHJpEĘODGyGyDQQ\XJDWIHOpNLS~SR VRGySDWNyDODNYROW$IHQQVtNN|]HSpQHNV]iPtWy0DUFRWWLQLWĘOD]RODV]W]pUVpJ iWODJNPUHKHO\H]NHGHWWHOtJ\DNPOĘWiYROViJ~pVPPHV RODV]O|YHJHND9DOORQHY|OJ\WĘOQ\XJDWUDNH]GĘGĘHJpV]'REHUGyWEHOĘWWpN

$]iOOiVRNQ\DUiQQDJ\RQNH]GHWOHJHVHNYROWDNDOLJQ\~MWRWWDNYpGHOPHW .H]GHWEHQDO|YpV]iUNRNV]LNOiEDPpO\tWpVpKH]VHPHOHJHQGĘUREEDQWyDQ\DJVHP NĘIHMWĘV]HUV]iPRNQHPiOOWDNUHQGHONH]pVUHtJ\DFVDSDWRNDNĘpVV]LNODW|P E|NEĘOHPHOWHNKHYHQ\pV]HWWiOOiVRNDWYDODPLQWDKHO\LODNRVViJiOWDODGROLQiN PĦYHOpVH PLDWW NLWHUPHOW N|YHNEĘO pStWHWW NĘIDODNDW KDV]QiOWiNIHGH]pNNpQW$]

tJ\NLDODNtWRWWYpGHOPLiOOiVRNHOĘWWDV]LNOiVWDODMPLDWWDGUyWDNDGiO\RNDWLVFVDN DOLJOHKHWHWWU|J]tWHQLH]pUWFVDNV]|JHVGUyWWDO|YH]HWWIDEDNRNDW~J\QHYH]HWWVSD Q\ROORYDVRNDWpVV]|JHVGUyWKiOyNDWKHQJHUHNHWJ|UGtWHWWHND]iOOiVRNHOp(]HN PHVV]LUĘOLVN|QQ\HQNLYHKHWĘHNOpYpQQDJ\RQMyFpOSRQWRWV]ROJiOWDWWDND]HOOHQ VpJHVW]pUVpJQHNDPHO\DGUyWDNDGiO\RNDWDNĘIDODNNDOpVDYpGĘNNHOHJ\WWHO V|S|UWHDI|OGV]tQpUĘO(J\HJ\SRQWRVDQEHFVDSyGyJUiQiWKDWiVDDV]pWIU|FFVHQĘ N|YHNWĘOW|EEV]|U|VpUHQ|YHNHGHWW$]RODV]W]pUVpJNLDSDGKDWDWODQOĘV]HUNpV]

OHWWHOUHQGHONH]HWWPtJD]RV]WUiNPDJ\DUYpGĘNQHNDKiURPKDGV]tQWpUHQLVIRO\y N]GHOPHNPLDWWiOODQGyDQWDNDUpNRVNRGQLXNNHOOHWW

$KHYHQ\pV]HWWiOOiVRNP|J|WWPHJK~]yGyJ\DORJViJOHJQDJ\REEYHV]WHVpJpW D]iOODQGyW]pUVpJLWĦ]RNR]WDDPLD]RQEDQQHPW|UWHPHJKDQHPDYpJOHWHNLJ IRNR]WDDW~OpOĘYpGĘNHOV]iQWViJiWDNLNDOLJYiUWiND]RODV]J\DORJViJPHJYiOWiV QDNV]iPtWyURKDPiW$FVDWiNVRUiQD]Ä$YDQWL6DYR\D´NLiOWiVVDOURKDPR]yROD V]RNDWDYpGĘNSXVNDpVJpSSXVNDWĦ]]HORO\NRUYpUHVN|]HOKDUFEDQYHUWpNYLVV]D

$OHJpQ\VpJDIRO\WRQLVPpWOĘGĘRODV]W|PHJURKDPRNDONDOPiYDOVRNHVHWEHQPiU DOLJWXGRWWOĘQLPHUWD]iOODQGyW]HOpVWĘODYiOOXNpVPXWDWyXMMXNEHGDJDGWLOOHWYH

0D%UDQLN6]ORYpQLD

(13)

115

NLVHEHVHGHWW$N|]HOKDUFEDQDWĘUV]XURQ\PHOOHWWDOHJNO|QIpOpEEKDUFHV]N|]|N PLQWSpOGiXODERNV]HUEDOWDYDJ\DEX]RJiQ\KDV]QiODWDLVHOWHUMHGW

DXJXV]WXVpQDKiERU~V]|UQ\ĦVpJHLWPiUMyOLVPHUĘ-y]VHIIĘKHUFHJ PHJUHQGOWEHMHJ\]pVWWHV]QDSOyMiEDD0RQWH6DQ0LFKHOpQDPDJ\DUKRQYpGHN QpOWHWWOiWRJDWiViWN|YHWĘHQ$EHMHJ\]pVpU]pNOHWHVHQV]HPOpOWHWLD]|VQ\iUL GREHUGyLYLV]RQ\RNDWÄ(OĘWWHPDKROWDNV]i]DLYDOERUtWRWWOHMWĘPHO\UĘOIXOODV]

WyDQI|UWHOPHVKXOODV]DJIOOHGWEĦ]H|]|QOLNUiQN(OYLVHOKHWHWOHQHJ\ERU]DORP H]«$QQ\LUD IRMWRJDW HQJHP KRJ\ KRVV]~ LGHLJ WDUW PtJ |QXUDOPDPDW YLVV]D Q\HUYpQEHV]pOQLWXGRN,WWD]iOOiVRNPpJLJHQNH]GHWOHJHVHNpVDOLJQ\~MWDQDN YpGHOPHW$] HOOHQVpJ V]DNDGDWODQXO OĘ D 0RQWH )RUWLQUyO pV D UĘO PLQG D NpW LUiQ\EyO W]HOĘ O|YHJHL KRVV]DQWR]]iN DUFYRQDOXQNDW pV tJ\ D] HPEHUI|O|WWL PXQNiYDODV]LNOiEDYpVHWWPpJFVHNpO\iUNRNDWIRO\WRQ~MUDEHWHPHWLN6]HJpQ\

KDORWWKRQYpGHNpVRODV]RNKHYHUQHNPLQGHQWWDJUiQiWRNiOWDOFDIDWRNUDWpSYHD QDSSHU]VHOĘKHYpEHQJ\RUVDQURWKDGYD$]HPEHUHNPHJVHPPR]GXOKDWQDNPHUW DPLQWFVDNHJ\NLFVLWI|OHPHONHGLNYDODPHO\LNPiULVM|QQHND]HOOHQVpJHVO|YH GpNHN%HN|W|WWRUUDOpVV]iMMDOIHNV]QHNpVNDSDUMiNYpVLNDV]LNOiWVpStWHQHN KRJ\DN|YHWNH]ĘSLOODQDWEDQHJpV]PXQNiMXNNDOHJ\WWDOH]XKDQyQHKp]O|YHGp NHNWĘOPHJVHPPLVtWWHVVHQHN>«@SHUFQ\LWDUWy]NRGiVXWiQPpO\HQPHJLQGXOYD pVPHJUi]YDN~V]RNYLVV]DIHOp%RU]DV]WyHVRNURWKDGyK~VVDIHNHWHDOXGWYpU DPLPLQGHQWWKHYHUpVWDSDGRO\V]|UQ\ĦVpJHVKRJ\DUpPOHWWĘOMpJJpGHUPHG DOHONHP0LQGLJLWWIHNGQLFVDNHJ\V]HUpMMHONLKĦOWURPORWWHOHGHOWNDSQLH]LU Wy]WDWyKXOODV]DJN|]HSHWWHPHO\Q\HOYUHVDWRURNUDWDSDGD]WD]pWHOOHOOHQ\HOQL QDSRQWDFVDNHJ\V]HUPHOHJJpOHWWNRUW\YL]HWNDSQLVD]WLVFVDNpMMHO6DSHU]VHOĘ QDS|OG|NOĘL]]yKHYpEHQPHO\HWDV]LNOiNPHJWt]V]HUH]YHVXJiUR]QDNDURWKDGy EDMWiUVDNN|]|WWPR]GXODWODQXOIHNGQLDQHKp]NiEtWyKXOODV]DJJDOWGHMNEHQ HWWĘOPHJNHOOKRJ\ĘUOMHQHN>«@(JpV]EHOVĘPOi]RQJpVIHORUGtWPHUWD]DPLW PDOiWWDPDQQ\LUDPHJUi]yKRJ\|UOM|QDNLEHOHQHPERORQGXO6]HJpQ\KĘVH LPEiPXOODNpVFVRGiOODNEHQQHWHNHWVQHPWXGRPKRJ\DQPRQGMDNN|V]|QHWHW

&VDNWXGQiDYLOiJKRJ\PLDKiERU~pVPLDUHWWHQHWHV'REHUGy´

$IĘKHUFHJV]HUHWWHYROQDDYpGHOPLYRQDODNDWDIHQQVtNUyOOHYLQQLDMREEDQNL pStWKHWĘpVNHYHVHEEiOGR]DWRWN|YHWHOĘVtNViJUDGHHKKH]QHPUHQGHONH]HWWNHOOĘ HUĘYHOpVWHUYpWIHOHWWHVHLVHPWiPRJDWWiNtJ\D]iOOiVRNPLQpOJ\RUVDEEPHJHUĘVt WpVpUHDYpGĘNKHO\]HWpQHNDOHKHWĘVpJHNV]HULQWLMDYtWiViUDW|UHNHGHWW$PĦV]DNL PXQNiODWRNUDDV]DNFVDSDWRNRQNtYODSLKHQĘQOpYĘDODNXODWRNDWLVLJpQ\EHYHWWH

-Ï=6())ė+(5&(*,,±

(14)

$V]LNOiNEDPpO\iUNRNDWYiJWDNUREEDQWRWWDNH]HNHOpKRPRN]ViNpVIpPSDM]V PHOOYpGHNHW HPHOWHN D WDUWDOpNRN UpV]pUH PLQGHQ V]LNODPpO\HGpVW ERPEDEL]WRV NDYHUQiYiDODNtWRWWDN$IHQQVtNRQOpYĘEDUODQJRNDWLVDYpGĘFVDSDWRNHOKHO\H]p VpKH]DODNtWRWWiNiWtJ\SOD]DXJXV]WXViEDQIHOIHGH]HWWýUQLFLEDUODQJRWLV HJ\WHOMHV]iV]OyDOMEHIRJDGiViUDDONDOPDVW|EEV]LQWHVyYyKHOO\pUHQGH]WpNEH

$IHQQVtNRQOpYĘFVDSDWRNYt]HOOiWiViQDNPHJROGiViUDYt]YH]HWpNHWpStWHWWHND]

DQ\DJV]iOOtWiVRN YpJ]pVpUH D 9DOORQHY|OJ\EĘO GUyWN|WpOSiO\iW D .DUV]WIHQQVt NRQWiERULYDVXWDWOpWHVtWHWWHN$]H]UHGHNiOWDOiEDQQDSRVYiOWiVEDQYROWDN iOOiVRNEDQDSLKHQĘDODNXODWRNUpV]pUHEDUDNNRNDWiOOtWRWWDNIHOPDMG/RNYLFiQiO 6HJHWLQpV.RULWHPHOOHWWNpWQDJ\ODNWiERUWOpWHVtWHWWHN

$QDJ\YpUiOGR]DWWDOMiUyNpWQ\iULFVDWiWN|YHWĘHQD]ĘV]L|VV]HFVDSiVRNVRUiQ PiUDKHO\LYLV]RQ\RNQDNMREEDQPHJIHOHOĘWDNWLNiWYiODV]WRWWDNDYpGHNH]ĘPDJ\DU DODNXODWRN$SHUJĘWĦ]LGHMpQDIHGH]pNHNHWNLUtWHWWpNFVDNPHJ¿J\HOĘNHWKDJ\WDN EHQQHpVKiWUiEELOOHWYHD]pSOĘNDYHUQiNEDQLJ\HNH]WHNHOKHO\H]NHGQLVFVDND WĦ]HQ\KOpVHLOOHWYHDKiWVyiOOiVRNUDKHO\H]ĘGĘ]iUyWĦ]UHYiOWiVNRUV]iOOWiNPHJ LVPpWQHPHJ\DONDORPPDODWiPDGyRODV]RNNDOHJ\V]HUUH,O\HQNRUDOHJYpUHVHEE Np]LWXViNUDNHUOWVRU$LVRQ]yLFVDWDLGHMpQQRYHPEHUiQHJ\LO\HQ HVHWHW|U|NtWHWWPHJ-y]VHIIĘKHUFHJLVDQDSOyMiEDQDNRVWDQMHYLFDLIĘKDGLV]iOOiVi QDNPHJ¿J\HOĘiOOiViEyOWiYFVĘYHON|YHWYHD]HVHPpQ\HNHWÄ3HUJĘWĦ]YDQIĘNpSS D HQ pV DWWyO GpOUH yUD SHUFNRU D OHJERU]DV]WyEE JUiQiW pV DNQDYHUpV XWiQHJ\HUĘVHOOHQVpJHVJ\DORJViJLWiPDGiVWOiWRNDHQVDWWyOGpONHOHWUHPHO\

D]RQEDQ|VV]HVOĘIHJ\YHUHLQNSXV]WtWyW]pEHQpVHONHVHUHGHWWNp]LJUiQiWKDUFEDQiO OiVDLQNHOĘWWYpUEHIRMWYD|VV]HRPOLNyUDSHUFNRUXJ\DQRWW~MUDURKDPR]QDND]

RODV]W|PHJHNpVGK|QJĘNp]LWXViEDQiOOiVDLQNEDU|YLGLGĘUH~MUDEHW|UQHNHJ\

HUpO\HVpVOHQGOHWHVHOOHQWiPDGiVVDOPHO\HW/X[KDGQDJ\HJ\RVIpOV]i]DGGDO FVLQiOWNLV]RUtWWDWRWWyUDSHUFNRUPiUPHJLQWURKDPR]LND]HOOHQVpJpVPHJLQW EHW|UDOHJERU]DV]WyEEN]GHOHPIHMOĘGLNNLNp]LJUiQiWWDOV]XURQQ\DOJ\LORNNDOD KXOOiNpVYHUJĘGĘKDOGRNOyNWRUQ\RVXOyKHNDWRPEiLERUtWMiNDYDGN]GHOHPV]tQ WHUpW6]|UQ\ĦVpJYROWOiWQLKLV]HQN]GHQLNHOOGHH]LWWPiUQHPYROWN]GHOHP KDQHPĘUOWJ\LONROiVYDGPpV]iUOiVEHVWLiOLV|OG|NOpV´

$]|VpYQpJ\QDJ\LVRQ]yLFVDWiMDVRUiQD'REHUGyUD~MDEEDODNXODWRN pUNH]WHNDKDGWHVWPHJHUĘVtWpVpUHPDMGHJ\UpV]NWiYR]RWWLVDQ\ROFPDJ\DU H]UHG D]RQEDQ IRO\DPDWRVDQ PDUDGW$ VRUN|WHOHV NRU~DNEyO iOOy H]UHGHN PHO OHWWNpWPDJ\DUQpSIHONHOĘH]UHGUĘOLVHPOtWpVWNHOOLWWWHQQQN(]HNEHQpYQpO

-Ï=6())ė+(5&(*,,

(15)

LGĘVHEEQpSIHONHOĘNRU~NDWRQiNKDUFROWDN$IHODGDWXNPLQWW~ONRURVRNEyOIHOW|O W|WWKDUPDGLNYRQDODWDONRWyKDGHUĘQHPDKDUFRNEDQYDOyN|]YHWOHQUpV]YpWHOOHWW YROQDKDQHPFVDNDN|]|VKDGVHUHJpVD+RQYpGVpJWiPRJDWiVD$KiERU~DODWW D]RQEDQ NH]GHWWĘO IRJYD KDUFL IHODGDWRNEDQ LV UpV]W YHWWHN D PDJ\DU QpSIHONHOĘ J\DORJH]UHGHNËJ\NHUOWM~OLXViEDQD'REHUGyUDDV]pNHVIHKpUYiULpVD EXGDSHVWLQpSIHONHOĘH]UHGLVpVHJpV]HQQ\DUiLJNLYHWWHUpV]pWD]LWWHQL

|VV]HFVDSiVRNEyO$KRQYpGKHJ\LGDQGiUN|WHOpNpEHWDUWR]yH]UHGHNLOOHWYH HJ\HV]iV]OyDOMDLNDKDGLKHO\]HWWĘOIJJĘHQJ\DNUDQNHUOWHNDDVKRQYpGYDJ\

pSSDHVN|]|VKDGRV]WiO\DOiUHQGHOWVpJpEH

$]LGĘVHEENRU~QpSIHONHOĘNRO\NRU]~JROyGWDNLVD]HOOHQKRJ\QHNLNLVLO\HQ N|UOPpQ\HNN|]|WWNHOOKHO\WiOOQLXN.yQ\D*iERUDKHJ\LGDQGiUUHIRUPiWXV OHONLSiV]WRUDHJ\DONDORPPDODSUpGLNiFLyMiEDQLVPHJ|U|NtWHWWHD]HVHWHWÄDQpS I|ONHOĘNN|]|WWQpPHO\HN~J\RNRVNRGQDNVKDOORWWDPLVDPpOD]~JROyGiVWKRJ\

SOLWWD],VRQ]yPHQWpQQHPDQpSIHONHOĘNQHNKDQHP¿DWDODEENDWRQiNQDNNHOOH QHiOODQL´$WiERULOHONpV]DYiODV]WLVPHJDGWDD]~JROyGyNQDNÄ$NLNHWYpGQN D]RNPLQGQ\iMXNQDNDW\iQN¿DL$KD]DPLQGQ\iMXQNKD]iMD6DV]HUHWHWKRJ\DQ UyQDNHYHVHEEpVN|QQ\HEEN|WHOHVVpJHWD]RNUDDNLNpUHWWHEEPHJIRQWROWViJJDO OiWKDWMiNDIHQ\HJHWĘV]|UQ\ĦYHV]pO\WpVDNLNDKD]DQDJ\HJpV]pQEHOOV]ĦNHEE FVDOiGMXNDWpVV]HU]HWWMDYDLNDWLVYpGLNHJ\V]HUVPLQG´

$IHQQVtNNXOFVSRQWMiWMHOHQWĘNpWPpWHUHVN~SSDOUHQGHONH]Ę0RQWH6DQ 0LFKHOpWDKRQYpGKDGRV]WiO\PtJD]HWWĘOGpOUHWDOiOKDWy6DQ0DUWLQyIDOX N|UQ\pNpWDKDGRV]WiO\H]UHGHLYpGWpN$KDGWHVWDPHJPHJ~MXOyRODV]WiPD GiVRNN|]HSHWWHQDJ\RQV~O\RVYHV]WHVpJHNHWV]HQYHGHWW-y]VHIIĘKHUFHJHJ\LN MHOHQWpVHV]HULQWGHFHPEHULJDYHV]WHVpJHKDORWWDNEDQpVVHEHVOWHNEHQ PiUIĘWWHWWNLHQQHNW|EEPLQWDIHOHDNpWPDJ\DUKDGRV]WiO\UDHVHWW40

YpJpUH D W|PHJURKDPRNDW D] iOOiVKiERU~ YiOWRWWD IHO pV V]DEiO\RV YiU KiERU~YHWWHDNH]GHWpW.XOFVV]HUHSKH]MXWRWWDND]iOOiVRNP|JpDO|YHGpNHLNHW EHHMWHQL NpSHV PHUHGHN U|SSiO\iM~ DNQDYHWĘN$] RODV]RN V]iUQ\DV O|YHGpNHLW DWDOiOpNRQ\EDNDQ\HOYFVDNÄPDFVNiQDN´QHYH]WHHOPLYHOD]]XKDQiVN|]EHQ KDVRQOyNpSHWPXWDWRWWpVKDQJRWDGRWWPLQWDQpJ\OiE~UDJDGR]y$]iOOiVRNN|

]HOVpJHPLDWWiOODQGyVXOWDNp]LJUiQiWKDUFPDMGXJ\DQH]HQRNRNPLDWWNpVĘEED I|OGDODWWLDNQDKDUF$]RQEDQH]HND]HVHPpQ\HNPiUD]RVpYNUyQLNiMiED WDUWR]QDN

KÓNYA ±

40 PINTÉR – RÓZSAFI – STENCINGER

(16)

FELHASZNÁLT IRODALOM

BALLA TIBOR$],VRQ]yFVDWiN,Q+HUPDQQ5yEHUWV]HUN)HJ\YHUWVYL- tézt… $PDJ\DUKDGW|UWpQHWQDJ\FVDWiL%XGDSHVW&RUYLQD.LDGy±

BALLA TIBOR6]DUDMHYy'REHUGy7ULDQRQ0DJ\DURUV]iJ,YLOiJKiERU~V NpSHVDOEXPD%XGDSHVW6FRODU.LDGy

BALLA TIBOR$]RODV]IURQW,Q5RPVLFV,JQiFIĘV]HUN. Magyarország az HOVĘ YLOiJKiERU~EDQ %XGDSHVW .RVVXWK .LDGy ± +0 +DGW|UWpQHWL ,QWp]HW pV 0~]HXP±

BERZEVICZY ALBERT kiadatlan naplója±6]HUN*DOL0iWp.RPS3UHVV .LDGy

DOROMBY JÓZSEF-R LÁSZLÓ V]HUNA magyar gyalogság$PDJ\DUJ\D ORJRVNDWRQDW|UWpQHWH%XGDSHVW5Hp/iV]Oy.|Q\YNLDGypV7HUMHV]WĘYiOODODW GALÁNTAI JÓZSEF$]HOVĘYLOiJKiERU~%XGDSHVW*RQGRODW.LDGy

GALÁNTAI JÓZSEF0DJ\DURUV]iJD]HOVĘYLOiJKiERU~EDQ%XGDSHVW.RURQD .LDGy

GALI MÁTÉV]HUNÄ$]RUV]iJEHOHSXV]WXOHEEHDKiERU~ED´%HU]HYLF]\

$OEHUWNLDGDWODQQDSOyMD±.ROR]VYiU.RPS3UHVV.LDGy±.RUXQN HORVÁTH MIKLÓS$1DJ\KiERU~PiVLNDUFD$O|YpV]iUNRNKpWN|]QDSMDL

%XGDSHVW$NDGpPLDL.LDGy

-Ï=6())ė+(5&(*$YLOiJKiERU~DPLO\HQQHNpQOiWWDP,,,,,N|WHW%XGDSHVW 0DJ\DU7XGRPiQ\RV$NDGpPLD

KIRÁLY M. JUTKA – ŠÖVEGEŠ LIPOVŠEK GORDANAV]HUN9iJ\DNR]iVDO|- vészárkokból(J\V]pFVLV]HQWOiV]OyLKi]DVSiU-DQNy=VLJPRQGpV.RYiFV0D WLOGOHYHOH]pVHD]YLOiJKiERU~DODWW/HQGYD

KÓNYA GÁBOR 6]HUHWHW D KDUFPH]ĘQ %HV]pGHN 0H]ĘW~U 7|U|N ,JQiF 1\RPGDL0ĦLQWp]HWH

LUKACHICH GÉZA$'REHUGyYpGHOPHD]HOVĘLVRQ]yLFVDWiEDQ. Budapest,

$WKHQDHXP,URGDOPLpV1\RPGDL5W

MAGYAR KIRÁLYI HADILEVÉLTÁR$YLOiJKiERU~,;pV;N|WHW

%XGDSHVW6WiGLXP9iOODODWpV5pV]YpQ\7iUVDViJ

NÉGYESI LAJOSRVV]HJHGLEDNiNDWROPHLQLKtGIĘEHQ%XGDSHVW+DGLP~

]HXP$ODStWYiQ\

NÉGYESI LAJOSCsaták néma tanúi%XGDSHVW+0+DGW|UWpQHWL,QWp]HWpV 0~]HXP

(17)

PÉTER I. ZOLTÁNÄ6RKDPLyWDHViUWHNpWHPEHULOiEWDSRGWDLO\HQERU]DOPDV HVHPpQ\HNQHPPHQWHNYpJEH´%6iUN|]\*HUJHO\YLVV]DHPOpNH]pVH±UpV]

Nagy Háború Blog. KWWSQDJ\KDERUXEORJKXVDUNR]\BJHUJHO\B YLVV]DHPOHNH]HVHBDBYLODJKDERUXUDBBUHV]+R]]iIpUpVMDQXiU PÉTER I. ZOLTÁN ÄD] RODV] LV PHJ]HQWH D KiERU~W´ % 6iUN|]\ *HU

JHO\ YLVV]DHPOpNH]pVH ± UpV]Nagy Háború Blog. KWWSQDJ\KDERUXEORJ KXEBVDUNR]\BJHUJHO\BYLVV]DHPOHNH]HVHBBUHV] +R]]iIpUpV MDQXiU

PINTÉR TAMÁS$Ä'REHUGy´IRJDOPDNagy Háború BlogKWWSQDJ\KDERUX EORJKXDBGREHUGRBIRJDOPD+R]]iIpUpVMDQXiU PINTÉR TAMÁSÄÒMUDLWWDKiERU~NLpOLW~O"´'U.HPpQ\*\XODH]UHGRUYRV

QDSOyMDD]RODV]IURQWUyO±UpV]Nagy Háború Blog.KWWSQDJ\KDERUXEORJ KXGUBNHPHQ\BJ\XODBQDSORMDBBUHV]+R]]iIpUpVMDQXiU 14:05.

PINTÉR TAMÁSÄ$SDWNiQ\PHJpU]LDGHNXQJSXV]WXOiViW´.yND\/iV]OyV]H JHGL|QNpQWHVGREHUGyLQDSOyMDUpV]Nagy Háború Blog. KWWSQDJ\KDERUX EORJKXBDBSDWNDQ\BPHJHU]LBDBGHNXQJBSXV]WXODVDW +R]]iIpUpV MDQXiU

PINTÉR TAMÁS – RÓZSAFI JÁNOS&VDWDWpUNXWDWiVD],VRQ]yQiO6]HJHGLRVRNQ\R PiEDQ6DQ0DUWLQRGHO&DUVRQiOpVD)DMWL+ULEQpOHadtörténeti Közlemények pYIV]±

PINTÉR TAMÁS – RÓZSAFI JÁNOS – STENCINGER NORBERTMagyar ezredek a 'REHUGyIHQQVtNYpGHOPpEHQ%XGDSHVW+LEHUQLD.LDGypV=UtQ\L.LDGy

PINTÉR TAMÁS – RÓZSAFI JÁNOS – STENCINGER NORBERT(OVĘYLOiJKiERU~V PDJ\DU NDWRQDWHPHWĘN NXWDWiVD D 'REHUGy IHQQVtNRQ ,Q7yWK =VROW V]HUN +ĘVHLQN Q\RPiEDQ 7DQXOPiQ\N|WHW D KDGLVtURN NXWDWiViUyO %XGDSHVW =UtQ\L .LDGy±

RÓZSAFI JÁNOS – STENCINGER NORBERTHVV]pNHVIHKpUYiULKRQYpGHND'R- berdón6]pNHVIHKpUYiU+RQYpGVpJpV7iUVDGDORP%DUiWL.|U

SZABÓ LÁSZLÓ'REHUGy,VRQ]y7LURO%XGDSHVW*RQGRODW.LDGy

SZIJJ JOLÁNIĘV]HUN0DJ\DURUV]iJD]HOVĘYLOiJKiERU~EDQ/H[LNRQ$±=V

%XGDSHVW3HWLW5HDO.|Q\YNLDGy

VASJA KLAVORA+DUFRND'REHUGyQ±%XGDSHVW+0+DGW|UWpQHWL ,QWp]HWpV0~]HXP

Hivatkozások

KAPCSOLÓDÓ DOKUMENTUMOK

iUiYDO DPHO\HN NDSFViQ QHP PHUOQHN IHO V]iPODIL]HWpVL QHKp]VpJHN 6 W XJ\DQD]RQ V]ROJiOWDWiVL NDWHJyULiQ EHOO W|EE iU LV NLDODNXOKDW KLV]HQ HJ\HV V]iPOiNDW YpJO LV D V]ROJiOWDWiV

9iURVL WHUOHWHNHQ D] LOOpNRQ\ V]HUYHV DQ\DJ HPLVV]LyMD MHOHQW V $] LWW D]RQRVtWKDWyDQ\DJRNI NpQWDIRVV]LOLVW]HO DQ\DJRNpJpVHVRUiQMXWQDNDOpJN|UEHGH WHUPpV]HWHV IRUUiVEyO

$ V]iPtWiVWHFKQLND IRNR]DWRV HOWHUMHGpVH V]iPRV SR]LWtY KDWiVVDO YROW D KD ]DL YH]HWpV pV V]HUYH]pVWXGRPiQ\UD PpJ KD FVXSiQ iWWpWHOHVHQ LV $ NO|Q IpOH V]iPtWyJpSHV

$] HOLVPHUWVpJ D]W MHOHQWL KRJ\ PDJDV V]tQYRQDO~ D NpS]pV NLYiOyDN D] HOKHO\H]- NHGpVL OHKHWĘVpJHN D] LWW V]HU]HWW GLSORPi- YDOLOOHWYHKRJ\D]LQWp]PpQ\DPXQNDDGyN N|UpEHQ LV

$ IēRUYRVQē £OWDO£EDQ UHȵHNW£O D] HJ\HV YLV]RQ\ODWRNEDQ D Q«YV]µL PHJ V]µO¯W£VRN OHKHWēV«JHLUH «V PHJN«UGH]L D EHWHJHW KRJ\ KRJ\DQ V]µO¯WKDWMD (] D JHV]WXV RO\DQ

$ U«JL V]¸YHJHN IRUG¯W£V£EDQ PLQGLJ YDQQDN RO\DQ Q\HOYL HOHPHN DPHO\HN P£U QHP U«V]HL D IRUU£VQ\HOYL NXOW¼U£QDN VHP SHGLJ D IRUG¯W£V NRUDEHOL F«O Q\HOYL NXOW¼U£QDN

(]HQ DGDWRN DODSM£Q WHK£W D KLSRW«]LV PLV]HULQW D EHV]«OēN D] DQ\D

2URV]RUV]iJ KDGLWHUYHLW D 9H]pUNDUL )ĘQ|NVpJ D V]i]DG HOHML SROLWLNDL HVHPpQ\HN±RURV]YHUHVpJ-DSiQWyODQQH[LyVYiOViJ%RV]QL -