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(Felolvasta Négyesy László lt. A biráló bizottság Heinrich Gusztáv г., Rákosi Jenő, Herczeg Ferencz, Kozma Andor és a jelentéstevő 1. Semmi sérelem az igazságon nem esik,

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O-6 - Live Demonstration: Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling for Neuromorphic Many-Core

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