O n th e te rrito ry o f B u d ap est it is th e B u d ap est
1 L ovas út- 2 O stro m n tra 1 ‘i " u ' S’te-S ° f ^ m a in ex ca v a tio n s c a rrie d o u t in B uda:
u t, 2. O stro m utca 13, 3. B em t é r 4 , . M edve utca 2 2 -3 0 ; 5. Toldy Ferenc utca 8 -1 0 a n d Szabó Ilo n k a u tca 7;
ra ia c e : /. Disz r£r 17 th** K n ;u ;n » r._____ a ___ « .» i 6. S zent G yörgy tér, S á n d o r Palace 7 níé , • F eren c u tca 8~ 10 a n d Szabó Ilo n k a 8. O rszág h áz u tca 3 3 -3 4 th e b u ild im r of th e ’f c í> • b u ild ln g o f th e fo rm e r A rm ed Forces H e a d q u a rte rs ;
a n d MuVeum o f M T - u H ° USC; 9 ' K aP isz trá" 2 -4 ; T h e c o u r ty a r d o f ti
a n d M u seu m o f M .l.tary H isto ry ; 10. G yorskocsi u tca 2 6 ,1 1 . L o v ard a utca ( th e In s itu te
Re c e n t Re s e a r c h i n t ő Ot t o m a n-p e r i o d Re m a i n s i n Bu d a 5 7
111. 2. T h e V íziváros (“W ater-Tow n”) d istric t as d e p ic te d on a F o n ta n a a n d N e ss e n th a le r’s e n g ra v in g
Hl. M a p o f t h e e x c a v a tio n s a t D ísz t é r 17
Re c e n t Re s e a r c h i n t ő Ot t o m a n-p e r i o d Re m a i n s i n Bu d a 59
111. 4. Selection o f t h e c era m ic finds fro m Pit 15/1 at Dísz té r 17
covering an a re a th re e m etres by fo u r m etres cam e to light two m etres dow n. T h is fo u n d a tio n was m ade o f sm aller a n d la rg e r layers o f c ru sh e d lime- stone, with orig in al tim b ers inside. A few rem ains o f the tim bers, circ u lar in section, to g e th e r w ith the trusses h a m m e re d intő th em , w ere excavated. T h is b u ild in g tech n iq u e was typical fór O tto m an archi- tectu re, an d sim ilar a rc h ite c tu ra l featu res can be cited from th e Ali Pa§a C am i in Szigetvár a n d M ai
kon Bey C am i in Siklós. 11 T h e rem ain s at M edve utca w ere iden tified as p a rts o f th e m in a re t o f the (^em berei Aga Cam i. A m ap from 1686 d ra w n by De la V igne shows its exact locatio n, 12 a n d it is alsó d epicted o n F o n ta n a’s en g rav in g (111. 2). O n M ar- sigli’s m ap it a p p e a rs as No. 7 4. 13 T h e fo u n d atio n s o f th e m in are t d istu rb e d th e graves o f a fo rm e r cem etery a n d a totál o f five graves w ith o u t any grave goods w ere alsó u n co v e red d u rin g its investi- g a tio n. 14
T h e graves o f a cem etery from th e O tto m an p e rio d w ere u n e a rth e d in th e a re a betw een Toldy Ferenc utca 8 -1 0 an d Szabó Ilonka utca 7 (111. 1. 5).
T h e houses o n the e a ste rn slopes o f C astle Hill w ere d em olished in th e early six teen th c e n tu ry an d th e a re a was used as a b u rial g r o u n d. 15
T h e rem ain s o f th e Franciscan cloister dedicat- e d to St. J o h n th e Evangelist - situ ated in th e area
o f th e S á n d o r Palace (111. 1. 6) on th e eastern side o f Szent György té r - w ere excavated by Jú lia Alt- m an n. T h e h istory o f this a re a in th e O ttom an tim e, a n d th e archaeological rem ains from this p e
rio d , a re b ein g p ro cessed by Eszter Kovács. 16
T h e m iddle p a r t o f Szent György tér, tow ards Dísz tér, is flanked by th e fo rm e r A rm ed Forces H e a d q u a rte rs (111. 1. 7). D u rin g th e investigation o f this a re a in 1999 (111. 3), several pits from O tto m an tim es w ere u n co v ered . T h e evaluation o f the fm ds is still in p ro gress. A selection o f th e pottery finds from Pit 1, d u g in tő rock in C ellar 15 tow ards Dísz tér, is show n in 111. 4. Besides ho u seh o ld p o t
tery, an Iznik faience plate d ec o rated with p lán t m otifs o n a p in k g ro u n d was alsó b ro u g h t to light.
C o m p arab le O tto m an d ec o rated wares w ere fou nd n e a r this site, o n th e w estern side o f Szent György té r in a cellar n e a r th e fo rm e r R iding School. 17 Pit 15/1 yielded, besides pottery, a n u m b e r o f m etál objects, such as c o p p e r plates, the frag m en t o f a d ec o ra te d knife h an d le, nails, a c o p p e r plug, iron fittings from do ors, an d a ho rsesh oe, as well as a glass bottle, various glass frag m en ts a n d a rich assem blage o f anim al bones.
M en tio n m u st alsó be m a d e o f th e m ost im- p o r ta n t fin d in g s o f th e in v e stig a tio n c o n d u c te d in th e c o u rty a rd o f t h e In s titu te a n d M useum o f
" Ge r ó 1983, 117.
12 Rózsa1963, 6 9 -7 2 , cat. no. 21.
15 Ve ress1906, 1 4 2-148.
14 Végh 1998, 332.
15 T h e excav atio n was c o n d u c te d by E szter Kovács in 1997 a n d 1999.
16 T h is w ork is still in p ro g re s s.
17 Cf. Tó t hin th e p re s e n t volum e.
Hl. 5. C o p p e r vessels fro m th e c o u rty a rd o f th e In s titu te a n d M u seu m o f M ilitary H .sto ry
Re c e n t Re s e a r c h i n t ő Ot t o m a n-p e r i o d Re m a i n s i n Bu d a
111. 6. Iznik d ish o rn a m e n te d in G o ld e n H o rn style fro m th e cellar o f t h e b u ild in g a t O rszág h áz u tc a 33
0
L_
1 cm
9 0 . 20.1.
111. 7. A m u let fro m a p it u n c o v e re d in th e c o u rty a rd o f th e In s titu te a n d M u seu m o f M ilitary H isto ry
M ilitary H isto ry b e tw e e n 1987 a n d 1 9 9 0 .18 O n th e S o u th e rn side o f th e c o u rty a rd we u n c o v e re d a m ed iev al h o u se , w hich was in use u n til th e e n d o f th e O tto m a n o cc u p a tio n . T h e c e lla r was cu t in tő th e ro ck a n d its ceilin g was h e ld u p by co r- bels. T h e p assa g e d o w n to th e ce lla r o p e n e d fro m th e n o rth ; th e th re s h o ld was fo u n d a t a d e p th o f 165.25 m e tre s above sea level. T h e b o tto m o f th e ce lla r lay a t a d e p th o f 161.4 m e tre s above sea level, a n d th e c o n te m p o ra ry flo o r su rfa ce lay 60 c e n tim e tre s above th is. 19 O n th e flo o r o f th e cellar, a m o n g c h a r r e d re m a in s o f old tim b e rs, we fo u n d a set o f h o u s e h o ld p o ts co n sistin g o f c o p p e r vessels. S om é o r p e rh a p s all o f th ese c o p p e r vessels m ay have b e e n k e p t in a sack, since we n o te d b u r n t te x tile fra g m e n ts on o n e o f th e cau l- d r o n s. 20 A selection o f these vessels is show n in 111. 5. T h e h o u se h a d p ro b a b ly b u r n t d o w n d u r in g th e 1686 siege. O u ts ta n d in g a m o n g th e m an y fin d s fro m th e re -o c c u p a tio n o f B u d a is a sap- p e r ’s a rm o u r. An a m u le t (111. 7) cam e to lig h t fro m a T u rk ish p it lying n e x t to th e e a s te rn side o f a se m ic irc u la r to w e r c o n s tru c te d d u r in g th e tim e o f th e Á rp á d d y n asty.21
T h e a re a o f th e fo rm e r S tate P rin tin g H ou se was inv estig ated in 1996. We su cceed ed in excavat- ing a section o f th e e x te rn a l b u ttre sse d tow n wall located west o f Ja n ic s á r Aga ú t, m a rk e d “No. 55”
on th e m ap p re p a re d by M arsigli.22 T h is wall sec
tion is n ő t d ep icte d on th e m ap . T h e excavation alsó p ro v e d th a t this was th e sam e stretch o f tow n wall un co v ered in th e a re a o f th e electricity w orks installation by K atalin H . G yürky e a rlie r o n.25 Fi- nally, I sho uld like to m e n tio n an Iznik dish m ad e in th e so-called G olderi H o rn style (111. 6). T h is dish was fo u n d in th e a re a east o f th e tow ers o f the Á rp ád ian -ag e tow n wall. T h e p late is d ec o rated w ith p lá n t a n d g eo m etrical p a tte rn s in blu e on a w hite g ro u n d . T h e d eco rativ e m otifs o n th e in n e r p a rt, sm all flowers grow ing o u t o f larg e r ones, are o u tlin e d with a th ick er line. T h e floral o rn a m e n t in th e ce n tre is s u rro u n d e d by a scrollw ork p a tte rn w ith la rg e r flow ers a n d a sim ilar p a tte r n ru n s a ro u n d th e b ro a d rim . T h e ex teriő r, too, is d eco ra te d w ith a floral p a tte rn . T h e object can be d a te d to th e p e rio d betw een 1520 a n d 1540,24 suggesting th a t highest quality im p o rt ceram ics a p p e a re d short- ly afte r th e 1541 O tto m a n occu pation o f B u d a.25
18 Be n c z e 1987a, 3 7 0 -3 8 5 ; 1987b; 1988; 1989; 1990, 1 9 4 -1 9 8 . 19 Be n c z e 1988, 183 -1 8 4
20 Be n c z e 1989, 1 3 1-134.
21 Be n c z e 1987b, 7 9 3 -7 9 4 , Pl. II. 111. 3.
22 See n o te 13.
25 Gy ür k y1976, 3 8 1 -3 8 6 .
24 At a so y - Ra b i- 1994, cat. nos. 30 a n d 309.
25 Ills. 1 a n d 9 -1 0 w ere d ra w n by Z suzsanna K uczogi a n d Ills.
5 - 8 by J á n o s M ajor. P h o to g ra p h s: B ence T ih a n y i (Ills. 2 a n d 10) a n d M argit B akos (111. 4). T h e su rv ey a n d d ra w in g (111.
3) w ere p r e p a r e d by Zsolt V iem an n .
KÁROLY MAGYAR followers who, if so inclined, m ight well start nego- tiations with th e H absburgs. T h is w ell-know n epi- flected in relatively few siege attem p ts, th e con stant th re a t called fór th e co n tin u o u s constru ctio n an d
A Turkish defence work in the Western Zwinger5
T h e first defence work to be discussed h ere was un cov ered in th e so-called W estern Zwinger o f the m edieval palace, in its n o rth e rn section (111. 2) .6 This section o f the zwinger, consisting o f two p arts and lying on the w estern slope o f Castle Hill, was incor- p o ra te d intő the palace’s defence system as a
subsid-- Nacy 1973, 4 2 3 -4 2 5 ; Ká ro lyi - We lm a n n 1936, 5 -9 ; 1686: