A szőlőoltványtermesztés munkaszervezési és ökonómiai értékelése megtekintése

(1)

:RUNRUJDQLVDWLRQDQGHFRQRPLFHYDOXDWLRQRIYLQHJUDIW SURGXFWLRQ

È)HUHQF]

8QLYHUVLW\RI+RUWLFXOWXUHDQG)RRG,QGXVWU\&ROOHJHRI+RUWLFXOWXUH 'HSDUWPHQWRI7HFKQLFDO6FLHQFHDQG(FRQRPLFV.HFVNHPpW+(UGHL)HUHQFWpU

$%675$&7

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

.H\ZRUGVYLQHJUDIWSURGXFWLRQHFRQRPLFHYDOXDWLRQUHTXLUHPHQWIRUVWDWHDVVLVWDQFH g66=()2*/$/È6

$V] O ROWYiQ\WHUPHV]WpVPXQNDV]HUYH]pVLpV|NRQyPLDLpUWpNHOpVH )HUHQF]È

.HUWpV]HWLpVeOHOPLV]HULSDUL(J\HWHP.HUWpV]HWL) LVNRODL.DU0 V]DNLpVgNRQyPLDL7DQV]pN .HFVNHPpW(UGHL)HUHQFWpU

$V] O ROWYiQ\RNWHUPHV]WpVHQDSMDLQNEDQDUUDDV]LQWUHMXWRWWHOKRJ\DV]DSRUtWyDQ\DJ HO iOOtWyN PiU PHJUHQGHOpVUH GROJR]QDN (] I OHJ D Q|YHNY WHOHStWpVL NHGYQHN WXODMGRQtWKDWy DPLW D] iOODPL WiPRJDWiVRN HJ\UH NHGYH] EE IHOWpWHOHL LGp]QHN HO -HOHQOHJ D]RQEDQ D] ROWYiQ\WHUPHV]W iJD]DW OHJQDJ\REE SUREOpPiMD KRJ\ PLQ VpJL V]DSRUtWyDQ\DJRWQHPWXGQDNNHOO PHQQ\LVpJEHQHO iOOtWDQLSHGLJD]RNEyOEiUPHQQ\LW pUWpNHVtWHQL WXGQiQDN $] DQ\DJL HU IRUUiVRN KLiQ\D VDMQRV QHP WHV]L OHKHW Yp D PHJIHOHO EHUXKi]iVW QLQFV SpQ] D PLQ VpJL ROWyJpSUH pV D PHJIHOHO K W WiUROyUD (]pUW LQGRNROWQDN WDUWMXN PHJYL]VJiOQL D] iJD]DW M|YHGHOHPWHUPHO NpSHVVpJpW D EHUXKi]iV NOV HU IRUUiVRNEyO W|UWpQ ILQDQV]tUR]KDWyViJiQDN HOG|QWpVpUH 0LQGH]HNKH]WRYiEEL|NRQyPLDLYL]VJiODWUDYDQV]NVpJ

,1752'8&7,21

,Q+XQJDU\WKHUHDUHDQXPEHURIUHFHQWO\SXEOLVKHGSDSHUVGHDOLQJZLWKWKHHFRQRPLF HYDOXDWLRQ RI YLQH JUDIW SURGXFWLRQ 7KRVH LQYROYHG LQ YLQH JURZLQJ GR QRW WHQG WR SURYLGHLQIRUPDWLRQRQWKLVRQWKHRWKHUKDQGUHVXOWVUHODWHGWRWKLVWRSLFSXEOLVKHGLQ RWKHUFRXQWULHVFDQQRWEHDGDSWHGWRWKHFLUFXPVWDQFHVSUHYDLOLQJLQ+XQJDU\

1HP]HWN|]L$JUiU|NRQyPLDL7XGRPiQ\RV1DSRNRQPiUF*\|QJ\|VHOKDQJ]RWWHO DGiV 3DQQRQ8QLYHUVLW\RI$JULFXOWXUH)DFXOW\RI$QLPDO6FLHQFH.DSRVYiU

(2)

7KHSDSHUVDYDLODEOHJLYHLQIRUPDWLRQRQWKHZRUNLQJSURFHVVRIYLQHJUDIWSURGXFWLRQ 6SXUVWRFNV DQG VFLRQV PXVW EH VWRUHG LQ FROG VWRUDJH SUHSDUDWLRQ DQG JUDIWLQJ WDNHV SODFHLQWKHJUDIWLQJURRP.DLVHU

6SXUVWRNHVPD\EHJDWKHULQ2FWREHUWKHQRUPEHLQJYLQHVWRFNVSHUKRXUSHU PDQ%XGDL*UDIWLQJPXVWEHSUHFHGHGE\VFLRQVRLOLQJDQGGLVEXGGLQJZKLFK DUH SHUIRUPHG LQ ZLQWHU 2UGLQDU\ JUDIWLQJ UHTXLUHV D KLJK GHJUHH RI SURILFLHQF\ ,I FDUULHGRXWZLWKZKLSDQGWRQJXHJUDIWDJUDIWLQJNQLIHPD\EHXVHG-HV]HQV]N\

7KHQRUPIRUDJUDIWLQJPDFKLQHLVJUDIWVSHUKRXU.LV 7DEOH

:RUNLQJSURFHVVHVSHULRGVDQGQRUPVIRUYLQHJUDIWSURGXFWLRQ :RUNLQJSURFHVV 3HULRGIRUSURFHVV

1RUP

QRKRXUPDQ

*UDIWLQJIRUFLQJ FXWWLQJEDFN

VSXUVWRFNFXWWLQJ -DQXDU\

GLVEXGGLQJ -DQXDU\

VRLOLQJWKHVFLRQ -DQXDU\

RUGLQDU\JUDIWLQJ 0DUFK

VRDNLQJLQWRSDUDIILQ 0DUFK

ELQQLQJ 0DUFK

+RWURRPFDOOXVLQJ 0DUFK$SULO

9LQHJUDIWVSUHSDULQJ 0D\

6HFRQGSDUDIILQLQJLQWRSDUDIILQ 0D\

3UHSDUDWLRQRIQXUVHU\ 0D\

VWXEEOHVWULSSLQJZLWK5iED,+

GLVNKDUURZ WKHSUHFHGLQJ\HDU

-XO\ KDKRXU

IHUWLOLVDWLRQDQGVRLOGLVLQIHFWLRQ

ZLWK07=5&: WKHSUHFHGLQJ\HDU

6HSWHPEHU KDKRXU

PDQXULQJZLWK=HWRU7 6HSWHPEHU KDKRXU

PDQXUHSORXJKLQJLQZLWK&DWHUSLOODU

,+SORXJK 6HSWHPEHU KDKRXU

SORXJKLQJXSZLWK&ULVWDO=HWRUWLJDU

SORXJKKDUURZ WKHSUHFHGLQJ\HDU

2FWREHU KDKRXU

PDNLQJULGJHVZLWK=HWRU

ULGJHSORXJK WKHSUHFHGLQJ\HDU

1RYHPEHU KDKRXU

OD\LQJRXWWKHILHOGVDQGZD\VZLWK

07=JUDGHU $SULO KDKRXU

IRLOOD\LQJZLWK07=))7 0D\ KDKRXU

WiEOi]DW$V] O ROWYiQ\WHUPHV]WpVPXQNDP YHOHWHLpVD]RNLG SRQWMDLQRUPiL 0XQNDP YHOHW 0 YHOHW LG SRQWMD 1RUPDGEyUDI 2OWiVKDMWDWiVYLVV]DYiJiV

&VDSYHVV] GDUDEROiV 9DNtWiV 7DOSDOiV 2OWiV 3DUDIILQR]iV /iGi]iV (O KDMWDWiV 6] O ROWYiQ\ HO NpV]tWpVH 0iVRGLN SDUDIILQR]iV ,VNRODNpV]tWpV 7DUWOyKiQWiV 0 WUiJ\i]iV pV WDODMIHUW WOHQtWpV 6]HUYHVWUiJ\i]iV 7UiJ\DOHV]iQ WiV%DNKiWK~]iV%DNKiWNpV]tWpVH7iEOiNpVXWDNNLW ]pVH)yOLDIHNWHWpV

(3)

7DEOHFRQWLQXHG

:RUNLQJSURFHVVHVSHULRGVDQGQRUPVIRUYLQHJUDIWSURGXFWLRQ :RUNLQJSURFHVV 3HULRGIRUSURFHVV

1RUP

QRKRXUPDQ 3ODQWLQJ

ULGJHGQXUVHU\ 0D\

1XUVLQJ

VHOHFWLRQ -XQH

LUULJDWLRQZLWK5DLQ5ROOPP KDKRXU

YDSRULVDWLRQZLWK.HUWLWR[1$ 0D\6HSWRFFDVLRQV KDKRXU

WRSSLQJZLWK7WRSSLQJ 6HSWHPEHU KDKRXU

GHIROLDWLRQ07=GHIROLDWLQJ 2FWREHU KDKRXU

SLFNLQJZLWK07=SLFNLQJSORXJK 2FWREHU KDKRXU 3LFNLQJVRUWLQJDQGVWRULQJ

JUDIWVOLIWLQJDQGEDOLQJ 2FWREHU

JUDIWVVHOHFWLRQ 1RYHPEHU

JUDIWVPDUNLQJDQGEDOLQJSLHFHV 1RYHPEHU

EXUULQJLQWKHZRRG 1RYHPEHU

WiEOi]DWIRO\WDWiV

0XQNDP YHOHW 0 YHOHW LG SRQWMD 1RUPD GEyUDI hOWHWpV 7 ]GH OpV ÈSROiVL PXQNiN 6]HOHNWiOiV gQW|]pV 3HUPHWH]pV V]HU

&VRQNi]iV /HYHOH]pV .LWHUPHOpV )HOV]HGpVRV]WiO\R]iVUDNWiUR]iV 2OWYiQ\RN V]iOOtWiVD pV N|W|]pVH 6]HOHNWiOiV -HOWiEOi]iV N|WHJHOpV 9HUPHOpV

,W LV H[SHGLHQW WR HQVXUH EXUULQJ LQ WKH ZRRG LQ FROG VWRUDJH DW & DQG KXPLGLW\7KLVSURFHVVWDNHVGD\V(LIHUWQp

7KHZRUNLQJSURFHVVIRUQXUVHU\SUHSDUDWLRQLVDVIROORZVVSXUVWRFNFXWWLQJVFLRQ VRLOLQJGLVEXGGLQJRUGLQDU\JUDIWLQJVRDNLQJSDUDIILQELQQLQJKRWURRPFDOOXVLQJDQG YLQHJUDIWSUHSDUDWLRQ%XGDL

$SULO LV WKH RSWLPXP WLPH IRU WKH ULGJHG QXUVHU\ ,Q -XQH WKH VWDQG VKRXOG EH VHOHFWHG.LV&DUHRIWKHQXUVHU\LQYROYHVLUULJDWLRQYDSRULVDWLRQWRSSLQJ DQGGHIROLDWLRQ2FWREHULVWKHEHVWWLPHIRUSLFNLQJ&ViNL

)HUHQF] SXEOLVKHG QRUPV IRU YLQH JUDIW SURGXFWLRQ FRQWDLQLQJ QRUPV IRU PRWRULVDWLRQDQGODERXU

7KHSURILWDELOLW\RIYLQHJUDIWSURGXFWLRQZDVSXWDWLQ)HUHQF]

0$7(5,$/6$1'0(7+2'

7KH DXWKRUV H[DPLQHG WKH DFWLYLW\ RI VHYHUDO YLQH JUDIW SURGXFHUV FKDUDFWHULVWLF RI WKH QDWLRQDOVLWXDWLRQLQSURGXFWLRQ

7KHPHDVXUHPHQWVZHUHWDNHQSULQFLSDOO\LQWKHFRXQW\RI+HYHV7KHWHFKQRORJ\

LQYROYHG LQ YLQH JUDIW SURGXFWLRQ WRJHWKHU ZLWK WKH ZRUNLQJ SURFHVV DQG SHULRGV DQG

(4)

QRUPVFDQEHVHHQLQ7DEOH7KHDXWKRUVIRUPXODWHGORFDOQRUPVRQFRQVLGHUDWLRQRI ORFDOIHDWXUHVDQGUDWLRQDOLVHGZRUN,WVKRXOGEHHPSKDVLVHGWKDWLWLVDOZD\VQHFHVVDU\

WRWKLQNLQWHUPVRIWKHIHDWXUHVRIORFDOQRUPVDQGWREXLOGWHFKQRORJ\EDVHGRQWKHVH :LWKUHVSHFWWRWHFKQRORJ\WKHDXWKRUVH[DPLQHGWKHQDWXUDODOORFDWLRQRIUHVRXUFHVIRU SURGXFWLRQ DQG WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW V\VWHPV IRU HFRQRPLF HYDOXDWLRQ PRQWKO\ ODERXU PRQWKO\ FRVWV DQG WKH VWUXFWXUH RI FRVWV JURVV LQFRPH SURILWDELOLW\ DQG VRPH W\SLFDO HFRQRPLFLQGLFHVIRUSURGXFWLRQ

5(68/76$1'',6&866,21 7KHDOORFDWLRQRIUHVRXUFHVIRUYLQHJUDIWSURGXFWLRQ

7KHQDWXUDODOORFDWLRQRIUHVRXUFHVIRUSURGXFWLRQLVLOOXVWUDWHGLQ7DEOH7KHDXWKRUV HVWDEOLVKHGWKDWYLQHJUDIWSURGXFWLRQUHTXLUHVKLJKOHYHOVRIFRQVXPSWLRQRIPDWHULDOV ODERXUDQGPRWRULVDWLRQ/DERXULVWKHPRVWFULWLFDODUHDRISURGXFWLRQWKLV VKRXOG EH FRYHUHGLQWHUPVRIDSSURSULDWHWLPHVFKHGXOLQJTXDOLW\DQGTXDQWLW\

7DEOH

1DWXUDODOORFDWLRQRIUHVRXUFHVIRUYLQHJUDIWSURGXFWLRQRQRQHKHFWDUH 0DWHULDO

:RUNLQJSURFHVV W\SH FRQVXPSWLRQ

/DERXU KRXUV

0RWRULVDWLRQ FRQVXPSWLRQ

KRXUV

*UDIWLQJIRUFLQJ

FXWWLQJEDFN %DVLVRIYLQHVWRFN

&KRLFHVWRFN

3DUDIILQ NJ

6DZGXVW PHWULFWRQQHV 2WKHUPDWHULDO

3UHSDUDWLRQRI

QXUVHU\ &KHPLFDOIHUWLOLVHU

PHWULFWRQQHV

VRLOGLVLQIHFWDQW NJ

3ODQWLQJ SDUDIILQ NJ

1XUVLQJ ,QVHFWLFLGH NJ

ZDWHU WKP

3LFNLQJVRUWLQJ

VWRULQJ 7\LQJPDWHULDO NJ

6LJQWDEOH

WiEOi]DW$V] O ROWYiQ\WHUPHOpVQDWXUiOLVUiIRUGtWiVDLKD

0XQNDP YHOHW $Q\DJ QHYH 0HQQ\LVpJ eO PXQND *pSLPXQND IHOKDV]Qi OiV 2OWiVHO KDMWDWiVYLVV]DYiJiV $ODQ\YHVV] GE &VDSYHVV]

3DUDIILQ ) UpV]SRU 7RQQD (J\pE DQ\DJ ,VNROD HO NpV]tWpVH 0 WUiJ\D 7DODMIHUW WOHQtW hOWHWpV ÈSROiV 1|YpQ\YpG V]HU 9t](]HUP.LV]HGpVRV]WiO\R]iVWiUROiV.|W|] DQ\DJ-HOWiEOD

(5)

0RQWKO\ FKDQJHV LQ ODERXU UHTXLUHPHQW FDQ EH VHHQ LQ)LJXUH 7KLV GLDJUDP GHPRQVWUDWHVWKHVHDVRQDOLW\RIODERXULWLVWKHUHIRUHHYLGHQWWKDW\RXFDQJURZWKHJUDIW DSSO\LQJVKDUHSURGXFLQJ3URGXFHUVHPSOR\DQXPEHURISHUPDQHQWZRUNHUVDQGLQWKH PRVWODERXULQWHQVLYHSHULRGVVHDVRQDOZRUNHUVDUHWDNHQRQ

)LJXUH

0RQWKO\ODERXUUHTXLUHPHQWIRUYLQHJUDIWSURGXFWLRQRQRQHKHFWDUH

, ,, ,,, ,9 9 9, 9,, 9,,, ,; ; ;,

/DERXU KD

, ,, ,,, ,9 9 9, 9,, 9,,, ,; ; ;,

0RQWKV

KRXUV

iEUD$V] O ROWYiQ\pO PXQNDIHOKDV]QiOiVDKDRQ ÏUiNeO PXQNDKD+yQDSRN

)LJXUH

6WUXFWXUHRIFRVWRIYLQHJUDIWSURGXFWLRQ

&RVWRIPDWHULDO

:DJHV6RFLDOLQVXUDQFH

0RWRUL]DWLRQFRVWV

*HQHUDOFRVWV 2WKHUFRVWV

'HSUHFLDQWLRQ

iEUD$V] O ROWYiQ\WHUPHV]WpVN|OWVpJV]HUNH]HWH

(6)

&RVWRIYLQHJUDIWSURGXFWLRQ

7KH DXWKRUV H[DPLQHG WKH PRQWKO\ FRVWV DQG WKH VWUXFWXUH RI FRVWV LQYROYHG LQ SURGXFWLRQ7DEOHDQG)LJXUHLOOXVWUDWHWKHFRQQHFWLRQVSUHVHQW7KHWDEOHVKRZVULVHV LQ FRVW KRZHYHU WKH FRVW RI ZDWHU DQG FKHPLFDO IHUWLOLVHU WHQGV WR GHFUHDVH &RVW RI PDWHULDOPD\EHSXWDWZDJHVFRQVWLWXWLQJWKHODUJHVWSHUFHQWDJH

7DEOH

&RVWVRIYLQHJUDIWSURGXFWLRQRQRQHKHFWDUHWKRXVDQG)W

'DWXP

&RVWRIPDWHULDO

SK\WRVDQLWDU\

FKHPLFDOIHUWLOLVHU

VRLOGLVLQIHFWDQW

HQHUJ\VRXUFH

ZDWHU

RWKHU

:DJHVVRFLDOLQVXUDQFH

0RWRULVDWLRQFRVWV

'HSUHFLDWLRQ

2WKHUFRVWV

7RWDOGLUHFWFRVW

*HQHUDOFRVWV

7RWDORISURGXFWLRQFRVWV

7DEOH

6SHFLILFLQGLFHVRIYLQHJUDIWSURGXFWLRQWKRXVDQG)W

'DWXP

&RVWKHFWDUH

*URVVLQFRPHKHFWDUH

3URILWKHFWDUH

&RVWRIJUDIWV

*URVVLQFRPHIRUJUDIWV

3URILWIRUJUDIWV

3URILWDELOLW\

WiEOi]DW$V] O ROWYiQ\WHUPHV]WpVIDMODJRVPXWDWyLH]HU)WEDQ

(7)

3URGXFWLYLW\RIYLQHJUDIWSURGXFWLRQ

*URVVLQFRPHDQGSURILWDELOLW\RIYLQHJUDIWSURGXFWLRQVKRZHGDQLQFUHDVLQJWHQGHQF\DW WKHWHVWJURZLQJV7KHUHIRUHKLJKHUSURILWVLQUHODWLRQWRWKHOHYHORILQYHVWPHQWDQGWR LQFUHDVHG SODQWDWLRQ PD\ EH DFKLHYHG7DEOH DQG)LJXUH LOOXVWUDWH WKH UHOHYDQW FRQQHFWLRQV

)LJXUH

&RVWLQFRPHDQGSURILWRIYLQHJUDIWSURGXFWLRQKD

<HDUV WK)W

,QFRPHV

3URILW

&RVWV

iEUDKDROWYiQ\WHUPHV]WpVN|OWVpJpQHNiUEHYpWHOpQHNpVM|YHGHOPpQHNDODNXOiVD

(]HU)WeYHNÈUEHYpWHO-|YHGHOHP.|OWVpJHN

&21&/86,21

/DERXU VHDVRQDOLW\ LV D FKDUDFWHULVWLF RI YLQH JUDIW SURGXFWLRQ 7KHUHIRUH HQWHUSULVHV VKRXOGJURZWKHFUDIWDSSO\LQJVKDUHSURGXFLQJDQGZLWKVHDVRQDOZRUNHUV

9LQH JUDIWV FDQ EH SURGXFHG SURILWDEO\ LI \RX XVH IUHH YLUXV RI SK\WRVDQLWDU\

,QYHVWPHQW DQG VWDWH DVVLVWDQFH DUH WKXV QHFHVVDU\ 7KH SURILWDELOLW\ RI SURGXFWLRQ LV LQFUHDVLQJ SUREDEO\ RQ DFFRXQW RI VWDWH LQYHVWPHQWV 7KHUHIRUH SURGXFHUV FDQ SODQW SK\WRVDQLWDU\ LQ VXLWDEOH TXDQWLWLHV 7KLV LV LQGLVSHQVDEOH SULRU WR WKH HQWU\ RI +XQJDU\LQWRWKH(XURSHDQ8QLRQ

5()(5(1&(6

%XGDL/$V] O V]DSRUtWyDQ\DJWHUPHV]WpVH0H] JD]GDViJL.LDGy%XGDSHVW

&ViNL$6] O WHUPHV]WpV0H] JD]GDViJL.LDGy%XGDSHVW

(8)

(LIHUW ,Qp 6] O ROYiQ\WHUPHV]WpV pOHWWDQL DODSRQ 0H] JD]GDViJL .LDGy

%XGDSHVW

-HV]HQV]N\È2OWiVV]HP]pVGXJYiQ\R]iV0H] JD]GDViJL.LDGy%XGDSHVW .DLVHU * 6] O WHUPHV]WpVQN IpQ\EHQ pV iUQ\pNEDQ 0H] JD]GDViJL .LDGy

%XGDSHVW

.LV ) $ V] O V]DSRUtWyDQ\DJ WHUPHOpV V]HUYH]pVH $ V] O WHUPHV]WpV pV IHOGROJR]iV]HPpVPXQNDV]HUYH]pVH0H] JD]GDViJL.LDGy%XGDSHVW

)HUHQF] È :RUN RUJDQLVDWLRQ RI YLQH JUDIW SURGXFWLRQ ;;9, ,QWHUQDWLRQDO FRQJUHVVRQZRUNVFLHQFH0RVRQPDJ\DUyYiUPHJMHOHQpVDODWW

)HUHQF] È (FRQRPLFDO YDOXDWLRQ RI YLQH JUDIW SURGXFWLRQ 9, ,QWHUQDWLRQDO FRQJUHVVRQZRUNVFLHQFH*\|QJ\|V

&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRUOHYHOH]pVLFtP ÈUSiG)HUHQF]

8QLYHUVLW\RI+RUWLFXOWXUHDQG)RRG,QGXVWU\&ROOHJHRI+RUWLFXOWXUH 'HSDUWPHQWRI7HFKQLFDO6FLHQFHDQG(FRQRPLFV

+.HFVNHPpW32%R[

.HUWpV]HWLpVeOHOPLV]HULSDUL(J\HWHP.HUWpV]HWL) LVNRODL.DU .HFVNHPpW3I

7HO)D[

HPDLOKIHU#KHONDLLIKX