NEW ENGLAND:

HBBI

e

KOSSUTH

NEW ENGLAND:

AFULL ACCOUNT OFTHE

HUNGARIAN GOVERNOR'S VISIT TO MASSACHUSETTS;

HIS SPEECHES,

CAREFULLY REVISED AND CORRECTED.

WITH AN APPENDIX.

BOSTON:

JOHN

^P.

JEWETT & CO.

CLEVELAND, OHIO

^:

JEWETT, PROCTOR, AND WORTHINGTON.

1852.

JOHN

P. JEWETT & CO.,

Inthe Clerk'sOfficeoftheDistrictCourtfortheDistrictofMassachusetts.

STEREOTYPED BY

HOBART

^A, BOBBINS,

HEWENGLAND TYPEANDSTEREOTYPE FOUNDERY, BOSTON.

EDITOE'S PREFACE.

IN making

^{this collection of}

Kossuth's speeches

ⁱⁿ

New

England,

^I

have _thought

it advisable to

combine with

it

a

descriptive

account

of his _visit,

with

^full details of the incidents of his reception ⁱⁿ the various cities

and

towns.

These

are

taken almost wholly from

^{the local}

newspapers, and from

the daily reports ⁱⁿ the

Boston and New York

_journals.

I

have used

_freely, the reports of

Mr.

_Coggshall, in the

Tribune

;

and

still

more

_freely those of

Mr.

_List, in the

Commonwealth. To

the _latter, in _fact, I

am indebted

for

most

of the descriptive part,

and

for nearly ^all the copies

I have used

of

Kossuth's

_speeches.

In

_general, the reports of the visits are

taken with

as little alteration as possible,

and a good

^deal

^has been admitted

that

my ^own

taste

would have

led

me

to reject.

But,

^{as the record of}

a most

interesting

event

in the history of Massachusetts, ^it

seemed

to

me

that the

book _ought

to contain, ^as nearly ^as possible, the

impression

^that

Kossuth's

visit

made _upon

_eye-

witnesses, trained to observe

and

to

communicate

their observations,

and

the

account

of it that

was read from day

to

day by

the people,

whose _guest he was.

The

addresses

made

to

Kossuth form an _important

_part of the book.

In almost every

^case,

they have been

_revised,

at

my

^request,

by

^the

speakers

themselves.

On

the

whole, they

^{well sustain the} reputation of

Massachusetts

for

eloquence

^;

and

it

may ^{be doubted} whether any

^{other state}

which Kossuth

visited

can

offer

an

_equally respectable

array of addresses ^to

him.

For

revised copies of these addresses,

and

for reports of

Kossuth's

_reception ⁱⁿ various parts of the _state, I

am

indebted

to the editors of the Springfield

Republican,

^the

Worcester Spy,

^the

Plymouth Rock, and

the

Lynn Bay

State. Also, ^to the

Hon. A. N.

Skinner,

Mayor

^of

New

Haven

; to

Hon. Henry Wilson, President

^{of the}

Senate

;

to

Hon. N. _{P. Banks,}

_Jr.,

Speaker

^{of the}

House

_; to

Hon.

Anson _Burlingame

; to

Hon.

S. C. _Phillips,

Hon. W. B.

Calhoun, Hon.

C.

W. _Upham, Hon.

Foster

Hooper

^{; to}

Richard Frothingham,

^Jr., Esq.,

Mayor

^of

Charlestown

_;

and

^to Messrs.

Erastus Hopkins, Wm. _{B. Greene, George}

Allen, Jr.,

Ralph Waldo Emerson, and

^Charles

M.

Ellis.

To Mr. A.

J.

Marsh,

^of

Holden,

^I

am indebted

for

a phonographic

report of the

Kossuth _meeting,

in the

City

Hall, ^at

Worcester, from which

^I

have _copied

the

speeches

ofMessrs.

Kellogg and Burlingame,

^of

which no

_report

has

heretofore

been

_given.

There has been

considerable con- troversy

about

the

speech

^of

Mr. Burlingame, which

I

have

therefore

given

^{in full,}

from Mr. Marsh's

_report, the

accuracy

^of

which

I

can

_{testify to,}

from my ^own

^distinct

recollectionof the speech.

By

^the liberality of the publisher, theprofits of the sale ofthis

book

will

be given

^to

Kossuth.

It

remains

_only to add, that the ^official

documents

in the

Appendix ^{have been}

obtained

from

authentic sources,

and

that the

uncommon

interest of

Kossuth's

last

speech

^{or lecture in}

New York

has

induced me

^to _give it insertion at the

end

of the

volume.

CAMBRIDGE,

MASS.,July 10, 1852.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGB

INVITATIONTOMASSACHUSETTS, 1

Mr. _Hopkins'Addressat Pittsburg, ^{; . . .} 6

Kossuth's Reply, 9

AddressofHon. AnsonBurlingame, 10

AddressoftheMayor^ofNew_Haven, 11

Kossuth'sSpeech^atNew_Haven, 13

Visit toWhitneyville, 18

Addressof theGermansofNew_Haven, 19

Arrival at Hartford. CaptainCasement, 20

KOSSUTH

IN SPRINGFIELD, ²³

AddressofHon. WilliamB. Calhoun, 26

Kossuth'sSpeechin Springfield, 27

Visit to theU.S.Armory ³³

KossuthatNorthampton, 34

Kossuth'sSpeech^atNorthampton, 35

RECEPTION BY THE STATE COMMITTEE, 37

AddressofHon.Henry^{Wilson, 37}

Kossuth's Reply, 39

TheBrookfield_Letter, 41

RemarksofRev.William_{B. Greene,} 43

KossuthinWorcester, 46

AddressoftheMayorof Worcester, 48

Kossuth'sFirst Speech ^at Worcester, 49

Great Meetingⁱⁿthe CityHall, 55

AddressofHon.HenryChapin, 56

Kossuth'sSecond Speech^atWorcester, 58

AddressoftheGermansof Worcester, Gl

Kossuth's Reply, 62

Mr. Burlingame'sSpeech,

...

62

Speech^ofHon.E.H._Kellogg, 65

KOSSUTH'S

ENTRY

INTO BOSTON, 67

GovernorBoutwell'sAddressofWelcome, 71

Kossuth's Reply, 72

KOSSUTHAT THE STATE HOUSE, 74

Kossuthinthe CouncilChamber, 74

Kossuthinthe Senate, 75

AddressofHon.HenryWilson, 75

Kossuth's Speechⁱⁿthe Senate, 76

KossuthintheHouseof Representatives, 77

Addressof the Speaker, 78

Kossuth'sSpeech^tothe House, 79

1*

KOSSUTHINFANEUIL HALL, 82

GovernorBoutwell's Speech, 84

Kossuth'sFirstSpeechⁱⁿFaneuil Hall, 87

TheLegislativeBanquet, 97

AddressofHen. Henry^Wilson, 98

GovernorBoutwell'sRemarks, 100

Speech of theMayorof Boston, 101

Speech ofHon.Josiah Quincy, 102

Kossuth's Speech at theBanquet, 103

Mr._{Pulszky'sSpeech,} 119

Speech^ofJudgeHoar, 124

KOSSUTH AT BUNKER

HILL, .125

Meetingof theCitizensof Charlestown, 125

AddressoftheMayorof Charlestown, 130

Kossuth's SpeechonBunker_Hill, 131

KOSSUTHINTHEGRAND LODGEOFFREE_MASONS, 136

AddressoftheGrand_Master, 136

Kossuth's Reply, 142

KOSSUTHIN CAMBRIDGE,^.

..-..,.

¹⁴⁵

KOSSUTH

^IN LOWELL, 148

AddressoftheMayorof Lowell, 149

Kossuth's SpeechⁱⁿLowell, 150

KOSSUTH

IN

LYNN AND

SALEM, 159

Addressof theMayor^ofLynn, ¹⁶¹

Kossuth's Speech atLynn, 162

Addressof theMayorof Salem, 168

Kossuth's Reply, 170

The DanversAddress, 171

Kossuth's Reply, 173

AddressofHon.S. C:_Phillips, 174

Kossuth's Speech at Salem, 177

Mr.Burlingame's Speech, 188

KOSSUTH'SVISITTOTHE PUBLIC_SCHOOLS, 189

GERMANKOSSUTHMEETINGINBOSTON, 193

Kossuth's Speech^totheGermans, 194

KOSSUTHINROXBURT, 202

Address of Mr. Ellis, 203

Kossuth's SpeechⁱⁿRoxbury, 204

KOSSUTH

IN

LEXINGTON AND

_CONCORD, 213

AddressofRev.Thomas_{Hill, 213}

Kossuth's Speech^atWest Cambridge, 215

AddressofHon.CharlesHudson, 217

Kossuth's Speech^atLexington, ^.218

AddressofRalph Waldo Emerson, 222

Kossuth's Speech^atConcord, .224

KOSSUTH

IN

PLYMOUTH,

'.'..'.

Address of Rev. Dr. Kendall,

Kossuth's Speech^atPlymouth, .236

The Plymouth Banquet, 241

KOSSUTH AT FALL

_RIVER,

'.248

Address ofMr._Sisson,of Pawtucket, .249

TABLE

OF CONTENTS. _VII

PAGE

AddressofHon.Foster Hooper, 250

Kossuth's Speech^{at Fall}River, 255

KOSSUTH'S LAST

SPEECH

IN FANEUIL

HALL

260

THEKOSSUTII COMMITTEE, 282

KOSSUTH'S DEPARTUKE FBOM MASSACHUSETTS, 285

APPENDIX.

Mr.Hazewell'sReport onIntervention, 287

Massachusetts Resolutions, 306

Resolutions of aDem.Dist.Convention, ^{. . .}307

Resolutions ofVermont, 308

Resolutions ofRhodeIsland, 309

Speech^ofMr. Andrews,ofMaine, 310

Kossuth's Lectureatthe Tabernacle, 325

KOSSUTH IN NEW ENGLAND.

INVITATION TO MASSACHUSETTS.

THE

Legislature of Massachusetts

came

_together on Wednesday, January ^{7, 1852.}

On

thatday, on motion of theHonorable Charles Theodore _Russell, of Boston, a ^senator from the county of Suffolk, the Senate ordered that

"a

committee, with such of ^the

House

as

may

join, be appointed ^{to consider the} expediency of inviting Louis Kossuthto visitthe capitalof the _state, and tender

him

the _hospital-- itiesofthe commonwealth."

Messrs. Russell of _Suffolk, Burlingameof Middlesex, andGriswold of Franklin, were _appointed as the committee on the part of the Senate.

On

thesame _day,the

House

ofRepresentatives,

by

^unanimous vote, concurred inthe orderfromthe Senate.

On

_{motion, however,}ofMr.

ErastusHopkins ^of Northampton, ^{the vote}wasreconsidered_; and, on the next _day, January8, Mr. Hopkins ^{asked leave to introducethe} following resolution^:

"

Resolved, That His Excellency the Governorbe authorizedand empowered, ^{in the}

name

andinbehalf of the people of^this

common-

wealth, ^toinvite LouisKossuthto visit thiscapitalduringthe present sessionofthe Legislature."

Mr. Hopkins ^{said he did not}

move

the reconsiderationof the vote of_yesterday,concurring^{in the}orderof the Senate,because opposed^to themeasure, butbecause, on_{inspecting it,} he sawthatitprovided^for acommittee ^to consider theexpediency^ofinvitingKossuth.

He

was well aware ^that this was parliamentary phraseology; but he thought the present ^occasion justifieda

departure from the more _{rigid (and} ordinarilymore _safe) parliamentary^forms. There was ^{not a}

man

ⁱⁿ

that House, nor was he _willing to suppose ^{that there} was one in

any ^{of the branchesof the} government,

who

_reallywished tocon- 1

sider the expediency^ofinvitingLouisKossuth. Hospitality^isnota matterof expediency.

He

would break

away

^{from the forms, which,} though parliamentary, were onthis occasion so

awkward

and cumber- some; and ^{therefore he asked} leave to introduce directly a resolve extending ^at once the invitation,in which he presumed^thatallwere ready ^tojoin.

A

_leading ^{reason for action in this matter was the shortness of}

time.

How

soon Kossuth might

by

^{events be recalled to} Europe

precipitately,

we

could not divine.

At

_{any rate,} he was _already laying^hisplans withreference tothe vast west,and notime should be lostin extending^to

him

the invitationtovisitMassachusetts.

He

did not thinkthe ordinary^cautionof a

diplomatic body was required ^of us.

As

astategovernment

we

had nodiplomatic character, and were

not, therefore, called upon ^to weigh ^our words and _actions, and to adjust ^all our looks and courtesies, as though they were to affect diplomatic ^circles.

We

were _simply representatives of the pop-

ular will.

We

well

know

what that will _is, that if Kossuth

should come into our _borders, every hamlet and fireside would be almost deserted, that the people might ^look upon and press the hand of this great man, whose _person and whose cause find such a

warm

_response ⁱⁿ _every heart.

We

were merely ^to express ^that feeling. Itwas _genuine,all-pervading, gushing; and, in the

name

_of

thatpeople,

we empower

the governor ^at once to extend to

him

the proposed invitation. In _form,^it was _simple; in language, entirely unexceptionable.

Mr. Hopkins ^{said there} was a fear in some _quarters that such actionwouldleadand commitustosome ulterioracts ofan _objection- able character.

He

had nosuch fear.

The way

^tocontrola popular sentiment,

when

itwas sonatural and _generousas this_is, is togive ^it afulland_hearty expression.

Those_who, though conservative, would _{repress it,} were _{really the} ones

who

_provoked^it toexcessive and _unruly action.

He

was, there- fore, forpassing the resolve^atonce, and_giving full expression, so ^far forth, to the generous feelingwhich _pervaded all

who

_{heard him,} as well asthe entirepeopleofthestate.

Mr.

Hayden

^{of Boston asked the} gentleman from Northampton whathewould _gain byhaving ^leave granted^tointroduce the_resolve, as then, underthe_rules, itmust_go toacommittee.

Mr. Hopkinsreplied thathe intended, of course, ^to

move

_{a suspen-}

sion of the _rules, and toclaim, what hefeltsurehe must_receive, the

KOSSUTH

IN

NEW ENGLAND. 3

unanimous consent of the House,

who

were all anxious toextend_the hospitalities of the commonwealth asindicated intheresolve.

Messrs. Kellogg ^of Pittsfield, Schouler of Boston, and Earle of Worcester, supported ^theresolution. Leave was_grantedunanimously

foritsintroduction_; the ruleswere_suspended, the resolutionreadthree times, and _passed to be engrossed

by

^{a unanimousvote, andwithout}

debate. In the Senate, on the same day, the resolutionwas _passed, with only one vote in the negative, thatof Charles H. Warren, a senator fromthecounty of^Suffolk.

This resolutionreceived theapproval^ofGovernorBoutwell. who, ⁱⁿ his annual message^totheLegislature, delivered January15, referred toitthus:

"You

_{have, gentlemen,} authorized the executive to invite Louia Kossuth to this commonwealth. This trust will be _cheerfully and

faithfully executed.

Your

action will be regarded ^as an _expression of thesympathy^of Massachusetts forthe distinguished exile, andfor the cause of European liberty, which he so truly represents.

The common

^{sentiment of America is on the side of} constitutional governments.

Nor

will this sentiment be satisfiedwithanindividual, unofficial expression. It will also demand, through ^the diplomatic agents of the country,adistinctdeclaration,on the_partofAustria and Russia, as^{to their} future purposes. Ifthesegovernments ^shallassert the _rightof interference in the domesticaffairs of Europeannations, orshall declineto

make

a distinctdeclarationupon^this point,^itwould seem_proper ^forour government^togive

them

noticethat

we

_assert, on our _part, an _{equal right} to interfere in favorof republican ^or con- stitutional governments, reserving ^to ourselves, ofcourse, the power

tojudge^thecircumstancesand the_necessityof interference, as event*

transpire.

"If, however, contrary ^to our expectations, Austria and Russia should assent to the doctrineof non-intervention, our _objectwillhave been_gained.

We

_cannot, ⁱⁿ _any^{view of} the subject, quietlysubmit

tothe absorption of the smaller ^states of Europe

by

^the larger, and thefinal subjection of ^all to two or three allied despotisms.

Such a movement

^will not only be^{fatal to}our commerce, but ^{to the} general industryandfree principlesof America."

Governor Boutwell appointed Mr. Hopkins^tobethebearer of tho invitation of Massachusetts to Kossuth.

The

_subjoined ^corre- spondence contains the official documents connected with the mission ofMr. Hopkins^:

Council

Chamber,

Boston, Mass., ⁾

January

15, 1852. )

SIR: I have the honortointroduce toyou Mr. Efastus Hopkins, arepresentative ⁱⁿthe Legislature of this State,

who

^is authorizedto present ^to you a ^resolution adopted by ^the government ^of Massa- chusetts.

Be

_{pleased, sir,} to receive

my

assurances of the high personal regard which

my

fellow-citizens entertain for you, andtheir devotion totheprinciplesof libertyand national sovereignty, ofwhich

you

^are anhonored representativeand defender.

Mr. Hopkins^will

make known

^to _you the universal desire ofthe Legislature ^to welcome you ^{to the} capitalof Massachusetts.

I am, with high personal respect,your obedient servant,

GEORGE

^S.

BOUTWELL.

To GOVERNOR

_KOSSUTH, ofHungary.

Pittsburg, Jan. _26, 1852.

EXCELLENCY

^:

The

Honorable Erastus Hopkins ^hasdelivered

me

your ^{kind letter,} and the resolution adopted

by

^the government ^of Massachusetts, invitingme,^inthe

name

andinbehalfof thepeople of the commonwealth, ^tovisit Boston _duringthe present ^sessionof the Legislature.

.

Be

_pleased, Excellency,^toreceiveandtoexpress ^tothe Legislature

my

^most hearty thanks ^for the honor the commonwealth of Massa- chusetts which I have always admired for her steadfast adherence totheprinciplesof civil and _{religious liberty,} and for her successful endeavorstoextendthe benefitsof education toallhercitizens has conferredupon^me.

Ihavethe firm intention toavailmyself^ofthisgenerous ^invitation before I leave the UnitedStates. Allow_{me,also, toexpress}

my

high regards which I entertain for your Excellency, and

my

gratitude for thesentiments ofjusticeandof enlightened statesmanship expounded by your Excellency's message, ever dear^totheheartof

my

^nation.

. Those_principles which youadvocate, adoptedby ^{thedifferentstates} of the Union, ^will _give the weight ^to the United States in the councilsof nations which is due to their power, and would free

my

90untryandthe old continent.

Iam, with highpersonal regard,

Excellency, your obedient servant, L. KOSSUTH.

To

HisExcellency, GEO.

S BOUTWELL.

KOSSUTH

IN

NEW

ENGLAND.

5 To

HisExcellency, GEO. S.

BOUTWELL,

Governor, &c. ^;

SIR^: I proceeded on the 17th ult. to

present ^to Governor Kossuth_{a package,}intrusted

by

yourExcellency^to

my

^care,covering the resolveof the Legislature, inviting

him

tovisitthis capital; and covering, also, a communication from your Excellency, ⁱⁿ pursuance of saidresolve.

After an unusual _detention, on account of the recent storms, I found Governor Kossuth at Pittsburg, on the 27th ult.

A

_very

unexpectedand favorable opportunitywas courteouslygrantedby^the citizens of _Pittsburg, topresentthe invitationof Massachusettsinthe presence of a_largeassembly convened ^tohearthe chief address ofthe illustrious guest^{tothecitizens}of western Pennsylvania. I promptly accepted^thecourtesy thus tendered^totheState of Massachusetts.

I enclose a copy^{of the} remarks I

made

on the occasion, and also of the Governor's _reply, as the same are contained in the N. Y.

Times

of the 20th ult.

; hoping ^{that all I} have said and done will

meet the approbation of your Excellency, and the people of the commonwealth.

The

cordial greetingwhich Ireceived, asa messenger from Massa- chusetts, from the citizens of that important ^section of our

country, wasa prominent and _gratifying incidentof

my

^{mission, which I can-}

notfail to notice,both as a testimony ofrespect ^{to this}commonwealth, andas atokenof the strong ^fraternal bondswhich unite the various parts of the Union.

Iam, very respectfully, yours, &c.,

ERASTUS

HOPKINS.

Boston, Feb. 3, 1852.

The

"unexpected and favorable opportunity," ^to which Mr.

Hopkins ^alludes in hia letter to Governor _Boutwell, wastheoccasion of the magnificent ^festival given ^to Kossuth, ⁱⁿ Masonic _Hall, Pittsburg, Pa., on the 26th of January, 1852.

At

the close of Kossuth'slongand _{eloquentspeech,} theHon.

W. W.

Irwin, of Pitts- burg, ^{rose, and,} addressingthe _presidentofthemeeting, ^said:

"Mr. _President, I have the honor to inform

you, and this large meeting, ^{that there is}

now

ⁱⁿ this hall an ambassador fromthe land of the Pilgrim Fathers [cheers], a _messenger from the State of Massachusetts, charged with ^the pleasing duty^of inviting Governor Louis Kossuth to visit that venerable and honored commonwealth.

[Tremendous applause.]

With

_your permission, Mr. _Chairman, ^ifit

1*

be in order, I would desire that the citizens of Alleghany county should

now

have an opportunity of hearing the credentials of that ambassador, ^theHon. Erastus Hopkins, ^read. [Applause.]

"

Mr. _{Hopkins, rising}amidstthecheers of theaudience, said^:

"Mr. _President, after the soul-stirring proceedings of this after- noon, I darehardly venture^toobtrude upon your^attention. It was, indeed, very ^far from

my

expectation,

when

I came a

pilgrim on a toilsome journey^{at this}inclementseason of theyear, that Iwould be enabledto minglethe congratulations of the ^citizens of the ^'Old

Bay

State^' to Governor Kossuth with those of the people of Alleghany county. [Applause.] But, sir,

my

message, although ^not addressed to thismeeting, ^is addressed to one

whom

_we, ⁱⁿ

common

_{with you,}

love, and

whom we

^all _delight ^to honor. [Tremendous applause.]

"

Turning^toKossuth, Mr. Hopkins then addressed him as follows:

"

GOVERNOR KOSSUTH

: I

am

directedby^his Excellency^the.Gov- ernorofMassachusetts to present to

you

^the accompanying ^resolve of the Legislature, inviting

you

^{to visit their capital during the} present ^session.

The

resolve is, in_fact, no less than in its terms,

1in the

name and

_{in behalfofthe peopleof} the commonwealth.'

"

Having^{with this} announcement delivered toyou ^the documents intrustedto

my

charge, Imust be considered ashaving exhausted

my

official functions.

"

Yet, sir, having had the honor ofintroducing the^{resolve to}the LegislatureofMassachusetts_[cheers],and_witnessingwith _pleasurethe unanimous and instant concurrenceof her four hundred Representa- tives [renewed applause], Iwill venture to add a few words beyond the record, only such words, however, ^as cannotfail tobe consonant withthe sentiments andhearts ofher_{people. [Cheers.]}

"

The

_{people of} Massachusettswould have

you

accept^this actof her constituted authorities as no

unmeaning

compliment. Never, in her _historyasan independentstate, with one_single and illustrious exception, has Massachusetts tendered such a

mark

of _respect toany other than the chief magistrates of these United States.

And

even in the present instance,

much

as sheadmires your patriotism, your eloquence, your untiring devotedness and _{zeal, deeply} as she is

moved

_{by your} plaintive appeals and supplications ⁱⁿbehalf of your native and _{oppressed land,}

greatly^{^is} she is amazed at the irre- pressible elasticitywith whichyou^rise from underthe heel ofoppres- sion, with fortitude increased under sufferings, and with assurance growingstronger as thedarkness growsdeeper [cheers], still,itisnot

KOSSUTH IN

NEW

ENGLAND.

7

oneorall ofthese_qualitiescombinedthatcanleadhertoswervefrom her _dignity as an independent ^{state to} the mere _worship of man.

[Applause.] No.

But

it is becausesheviews you^{as theadvocate} and providential representativeof certain great principles whichcon- stitute her

own

_vitalityas a_state, because she views you ^{as the} representative of

human

_rights andfreedom in anotherandfardistant land, ^{it is} because she viewsyou^{as the}rightfulbut exiledgovernor of a people whose past history andwhose recentdeedsshow them to be worthy ^of some better future than thatof Russian tyrannyand Austrian oppression, thatsheseeks towelcome you ^toher borders

;

that sheseekstoattest toa gazing world^thattothe cause of freedom she is notinsensible, and that totheoppression of tyrantssheisnot indifferent. [Greatapplause.]

"

Itis well, sir,thatyour ^feet havenot yet pressed the ^soilof

Mas-

sachusetts. Itiswell that youlanded elsewhere_; that

you

^havesur- veyed ^the most _{prosperous portions}of the Atlantic coast_; that

you

have surmounted the formidableAlleghanies, and _plantedyour^feetin theconfines of this greatvalley. Itiswell that you^shouldcompre- henditsvastextent_; that you^shouldfloat

down

these mightystreams, and _surveythese mighty valleys^{; that,}

when

_your soul has become expanded

by

these scenes, and _gratified by ^thefree institutionswhich adornand bless them, then, and not till

then, should you^turn your footstepsona holy pilgrimage ^tothe _spotwhere American_libertyhad

its birth. [Applause.] ^Its

embryo

^{slumbered in the soulsof those}

illustrious and highly accomplishedPuritan_exiles,when, ^withreligion for their handmaid, they ^{set foot} on the rock of Plymouth, and encountered the sternrigors of a

New

_England^winter. [Applause.]

Their first-born child was _popular Education. [Applause.] Their second was _popular Freedom. _{[Great applause.]} In what words canthe history ofany commonwealth ^besogloriouslyemblazoned, ^as in those three words, and in the order in which I

name

_them,

Religion, Education,

Freedom?

[Applause.] Here, sir, is a tri- color for the world. [Applause.]

"

Such, preeminently such, ^is the record of Massachusetts.

One

word _onlyneed beaddedto bring herhistoryto the present hour,and that is but a_corollary of the_former, I mean, Prosperity.

As

the

man

of _pietysurveys her _borders, numbers her _people, counts their wealth, he findsa

new

factadded tothe proof ofages,

'Neverhave I seenthe righteous forsaken,o ^/ nor hisseed beggingoo o^bread.'

"

I have_{said, sir,}that Massachusetts isthe birth-placeof Ameri- can _liberty.

When,

then, you have^{seenthe full staturewith} which

she ^fills these vast valleys and stretches herself over these mighty mountains, come to our little nursery, so retired from the turmoils and corruptions of the Old_World, and

we

will show you ^{the cradle} whereshe wasrocked to notes of eloquence which, ^while they soothed her fears, awakened a mighty^{continent to}her nurture anddefence.

Come, sir, and

we

will show you^theholy spotwhere thefirstbaptis- malblood of the Kevolutionwas_sprinkledupon ^herconsecrated head, thecamp-ground where Washington^{firstunsheathed his}swordin her defence [applause], and thefortificationswhich he firsterectedforher intrenchment.

From

the windows and balconies of the legislative halls whencethis invitation to you ^has emanated these spots can be seen. [Applause.]

"Come,

then, and stand amid these hallowed _scenes; gaze

upon

them, listen to their silenteloquence, ^{till it steals}throughevery fibre,

and breaks

up

every^fountainof your^soul. Drink with us of these first well-springsof American _liberty, and you ^{will find}

them

still

gushingand _pure^! [Applause.]

Ah,

sir, is itnot _fittingthat your

lastpilgrimageonthiscontinentshould betosuch a_{place, that,}asyou embark forthe Old World, yourparting ^actshouldbe todrinkatthe mosthallowed fountainsof the

New?

_{[Great applause.] Sir,} Massa- chusettswillwelcome_you. Sheisthe descendant ofillustrious exiles, who, fleeingfrom _oppressionin the Old World, soughtfreedom in the

New. Her

_{past history,} her filial piety, bids

you

^{welcome as an}

exile. [Applause.] Herself thefirstinlegal resistance toillegal acts, in constitutional resistancetounconstitutionaloppression,

how

can she dootherwisethanwelcomethose

who

follow inher_{footsteps? [Cheers.]}

Prospered almost without a_parallelasshe has been under thesmiles ofakind Providence, she can givebut a poor account of her steward- ship,unless herinstitutionsof

Religion,of Education, of Philanthropy, of Freedom, ^{can afford} most valuable information toall

who

seek to found

new

states, or, likeyourself, ^toregenerateand revive those that areold. [Applause.]

" I _speak of her institutions of freedom. I

mean

her distinct municipalities. There is no centralization there. Distributed into threehundred and _twenty-two citiesand _townships, it isin these,

by

her _literallydemocratic

assemblages, that her government ^is chiefly carried on.

No

central government established and _patronizes our four thousand _public schools.

No

central government ^levies our taxesto fill hercoffersand feed her _parasites.

Each

town_provides for _itself,leviesits

own

_taxes, sustains its

own

schools, establishes ^its

own

_municipalregulations, and ineachand allof these acts is inde-

KOSSUTH

IN

NEW ENGLAND.

₉ pendentof every ^other.

The

causeof Educationandof

Freedom

is

thus reposed ^inthe hands and heartsof the people. Reposed, ^did I gav_J 1 No, ^{sir! it is because}of those hearts and hands that

Freedom

and Education have no_repose, but arepushed ^{into the} most_active, vigorous and_advancinglife^!

"The

_{aggregatereceipts} ^anddisbursements of ourlittledemocratic organizations aresomefour or fivetimes _larger thanthoseofourstate treasury. It is true, therefore, that

we

have no centralization.

Through

^thesystem ^Ihave _{described, the people}are the government, and the government ^{is the} people.

The

^'seat of government' ^is a

fictionin Massachusetts, save^{as it}signifies the hearts ofthe _people.

"

I have thus detailedsomewhat of the historyandof the present conditionofthestate thatseeks towelcome you^{as her}guest. Come, then, ^to her borders_; witness the truth ofall andofmore than I have uttered, as you^{shall finditattested}

by

^ourinstitutions,

by

^the pleni- tude of our hospitality, and

by

^theacclamations of one million souls^! [Loud and long-continued applause.]"

To

this address Governor Kossuth_replied, ⁱⁿ the_following words^:

"SIR^: I consideritaprovidential indication, thatthe public opin- ionof the people^is developing ^{itself in} the constitutional

way

^which your happyinstitutions unitingthe independence of self-government with the power^{of union} have founded as a rockof your present greatness, happiness and _freedom, and for your^futureglory. I feel

happy^thatthe Legislatureof Massachusetts ofthat commonwealth which can proudly pointoutthose gloriousreminiscences of _past his- tory was

among

^{thefirstof thestate}legislatures to bid

me

_welcome,

afterI had told openly the people of ^the United States

who

I _was, and what was

my

^{wish. After thisavowal,} your welcome was more than hospitality. I have the assurance of it in the official act and pronunciationof _principles of the chief magistrate ^of your

common-

wealth.

"

Sir, I thank

you

^{for thebenefit}which you have ^bestowed upon

my

country's cause,

by

moving these resolutions which I

am now happy

and proud ^{tohold in}

my

^{hands. I thank}

you

^{for the travels} you have^{undertaken in} bringing over^to

me

this solace

; and Ithank

you

^{for the}

manner

inwhich you have^been pleased^todeliver^it tome.

[Applause.]

By

your words^I have_alreadyforetasted the soul-inspir- ing, the heart-elevating ^floodof thatglorious well which you pointed

out in your eloquent speech, and out of which, ^before I leave the United Statesof America, I ^willcarry

home

thatinspiration whichis

wanted tomeet adversities and _danger, and to hope ^success, suchas thatwas whichaccompaniedⁱⁿsuch a_gloriousmanner those struggles the cradle of which is your city-state. Sir, I will come to Massa- chusetts. Ientreat your ^kindnesstobe pleased ^tocharge yourself with awrittenanswertotheseresolutions, winchI feel it is

my

duty, with_gratitude andwith_reverence, to

give."

Early ⁱⁿ April, a telegraphic despatch from _Mobile, Alabama, announcedthatKossuth was onhis

way

^toMassachusetts,and_expected to reach Boston inthecourse of a

week

or two. In compliance with aresolveof the Legislature, a legislative committee of _reception was appointedon the 12th_{of April.} It consistedof General

Henry

^Wil-

son, President of the Senate, as chairman_; of Senators Burlingame, Russell, Knowlton, Keyes, ^{Griswold, Bassett} and _Hazewell, and of Messrs. Hopkins ^of Northampton, Davis of Worcester, Kellogg ^of

Pittsfield, Kimball of Boston,

Ward

of Middleboro',

Mansur

of Fitchburg, Newell of Lawrence, Smith^ofChelsea,

Cowdry

^{of Stone-} ham, Nettleton of Chicopee,

Hendee

of Roxbury,

Humphrey

^of

Wey-

mouth, Barney^ofNantucket, Morse_{of Lowell,} and StebbinsofDeer-

field,

members

ofthe

House

ofRepresentatives.

A

sub-committee, consisting of Hon.

Anson

_Burlingame of

Cam-

bridge, General Eliab

Ward

of Middleboro', andChas. S.Newell, Esq., of Lawrence, were sent to meet Kossuth at

New

York, wherethey arrivedon Thursday, April ^22.

On

_Fridaytheywere introduced to Kossuth,

who

hadjust arrivedfrom Newark, N.^J. Mr. Burlingame addressed

him

_briefly and _happily^:

"

GOVERNOR KOSSUTH

:

We

have come toconduct you^to Massa- chusetts in such

manner

asshallbemost_agreeable toyourself. Feel- ing^that you must^be weary with hearing speeches,

we

refrain from the _expressionofthose emotionsawakened

by

the storyofyour^heroic

life.

We

desire that ourintercourse

may

^{beasinformalas}

may

^com-

portwithyourdignityand pleasure."

Kossuth took Mr. Burlingame

by

^{thehand, and} expressed himself highlygratified toplace himself under _{the charge}of a committee of the Legislature ^of Massachusetts.

He

had _longed to visit

New

England, and wasglad the occasion ^fordoing^so hadarrived.

In

company

^{with the} legislative sub-committee and a committee

KOSSUTH

IN

NEW ENGLAND. 11

from

New

Haven, Kossuth andhis suite left

New York

_by theeight o'clockmorning^{train for}

New

Haven.

He

wasaccompaniedby

Madame

Kossuth, by

M.

and

Madame

_{Pulszky, Major}Hajnik, Captains Gre- schenek and _Kalapszka, and

by

^Mr.

W.

S. Coggshall, a _reporter for the

New York

_Tribune,

who

has attended

him

_during his wholetour in the United States.

A

_special car was appropriated ^tothe party.

Though

^{the time ofhis} departure from

New York

was not generally known, ^he was greeted with ^cheers.

At

Stamford and Bridgeport, where the train

stopped, Kossuth was

warmly

^cheered

by

large crowds

who

hadgathered about ^thestations.

The

train reached

New Haven

about eleven o'clock.

A

_large

crowd was _gathered at the railroad _station, awaiting ^{its arrival.}

Kossuth was received

by

^Hon.

Aaron

N. _Skinner, the

mayor

^{of the}

city, and by ^thecommittee of arrangements.

He

and his attendants entered _carriages and were conveyed ^{to the} state-house, amid the ringing of bells, the _firingof cannon, and the shouts of the _people.

An

immense multitude of both sexes had assembled at the state- house, at thesouth porch of which Kossuth_alighted, and was ^form- ally welcomed

by

^the mayor, ^inthe followingspeech^:

MAYOR

SKINNER'S ADDRESS.

"GOVERNOR KOSSUTH:

In the

name

ofthe

Common

_Council, here present,andin the

name

of the citizens represented here by^their com- mittee, and

by

^{this vast} assembly, I welcome you and your ^distin- guished compatriots^{to the}cityof

New

_{Haven, and} tothesoil of

New

England.

"On

thevery spotwhere

we now

_stand, alittle

more

than twocen- turies ago,was_{a savage}wilderness

; and_justtwohundred andfourteen years ago, the veryweek_past, avessel sailed into the _harbor, with a

company

^{ofbraveand Christian} men, who, ^{as their}very ^{first act,} on a peaceful Sabbath morning, of which the last Sabbath was the anni- versary, met under the spreading branches of a large oak, a short distance from this spot, in the _public worship of God.

You

behold before you ^{here, as} you^{will elsewherein}

New

_England, the descend- ants of that race of

men who

_preferredcivil andreligious liberty^{to all} elsewhich

men _commonly

hold dear

;

who

forsook

home

and _country, the hearths, the ^altarsand the graves of ^their fathers, for the great idea, as one ofour _{poetsexpresses it,} for ^'freedomtoworship^God.'

"Those

_men, nurtured in the school of _liberty, and imbued with

the_spiritof the oraclesof God,

knew

no otherfoundation for

human

liberty than thatlaid inthe

common

educationof the people, and the pure and enlightening teachings of the Christian _religion.

They

accordinglyestablished schoolsandchurches, as the^firststeptowardsa freeanddurable_republic.

One

of our orators has _said, ^'

The

_village church and the _village school-house are the

monuments

which the American people have ^{erected to their freedom.' If} you ^cast your eyes on either _side, you^will see that theexample^{of our fathers has} notbeen_altogether lostupon^ustheir children.

On

_yourlefthand

you

beholdthetemples ^of

God

_{; on yourright,} the institutionsof learning.

You

will seethesame everywhere ⁱⁿ

New

_England; the church and the school-house stand^sideby side,

among

^{thefirst and most interest-} ing features of the naturaland moral_landscape. In theseinstitutions our people have beentrained, fromthe beginning, ^{in a love}of _liberty, a_respectforlaw, and in thereverence andthe fear ofGod.

"It is precisely because

we

love _liberty, because

we

respect law, because

we

reverence the Christian_religion, that

we

aredeeply ^inter- estedinyourfather-land.

We know

that your

own Hungary

^hasbeen the_greatbattle-fieldof nations_;

we know

that

Hungary

^{hasbeen the} bulwarkof Christendom _against the

Moslem

andthe

Turk

;

we know

thata brave andchivalric race has, ^forages,defendedyour ^nativesoil.

We

^{have read} _{the story} of that

young

^{and heroic} queen, who, ^sur- rounded by^{thearmies ofthe} three greatpowersof Europe, and over-

whelmed

_{by calamity} and misfortune, fled, in the darkest days of her adversity,^forprotection, ^tothe braveand_{gallantpeople}ofyour ^native land. She asked for help from your ^nobles, and she received it.

When

^'the pale and _pensive, but

imperial queen,' stood before them, indeep mourning, the crownofherancestors uponher brow, herright hand_leaningonthehiltof the swordof theAustrian_kings, and lead- ing by^{her left} hand herlittle daughter, and ^'committed herself and herchildrento theirprotection,' theyouth,the beauty, the calamitiesof the heroicqueen, roused^totheutmost _intensitythe chivalric devotion of these warlike magnates; and, grasping ^{their swords,} and waving

them

over their heads, theyshouted, simultaneously,

'

Moriamur

_pro rege^nostro Maria Theresa.'

They made

good ^theirwords; they did fightand die for their queen, drove back her enemies with _glory, and restoredhertoher_rightsandtoherthrone.

"Suchhas ever beenthe_spiritof Hungary, ^{in all the}ages of her history, brave_gallant and _{noble, in} the defence oftherightand the truth.

Such

^has she conspicuously been ^{in her} late contest for

KOSSUTH IN

NEW ^ENGLAND. 13

national existenceand constitutional

liberty.

We

watchedwith almost breathless interest thevarious fortunes inthe tide and ebb of battle

;

we

_rejoiced ⁱⁿ _{your success,}

we

_triumphed ⁱⁿ _{your triumphs,} and our hearts swelledwith joyand hope

when

_youdrove back your^van- quished oppressorsfrom your^soil.

And,

finally, whatapangof deep andbittersorrow and _despair smote our _hearts,

when we

^found that allyour valor, yoursacrifices, your ^{heroic devotion to} yourcountry, hadbeeninvain_; andthat brave, chivalric,nobleHungary, had^fallen in disastrous but not_ingloriousbattle !

"

We

deeply sympathized with

you

and yourillustriouscompatriots in thatglorious struggle.

We

honoryourcountry ^asa countrywhich deserves abetterfate

;

we

honorallthose brave_spirits

who

_{partook of}

thatbloodyand_unequalcontest

;

we

honor those

who

_pouredout their patrioticbloodonthefieldofbattle

;

we

honorthosewho,^forthe defence of _liberty at home,

now

wander in exile in

foreign lands.

And we

especially honor

him who

was the master-spirit in that fearful con- test, whose _eloquenceandpatriotism inspired his countrymen^toput aside all selfish considerations, ^to give

up

^ancient privileges, and to grant^tothe

WHOLE

_{people theequalrights} of freemen.

"We

bidyou againwelcome to our _cityand to our country;

we

freely ^offer you^its privileges and its protection; and, ^if any^of your

number

choosetoremainwith_us,

we

with one accordofferyou^a

home

anda

country, ^toshare equally withourselves inall its privilegesand blessings. But, ^ifyouever returntoyournative land,

we

_hopeit

may

be to a land of _libertyand _peace.

And we

_{devoutly pray}that the greatand_justGod,

who

holds thedestiniesofnationsin hishand,

may

yet

make

_{your country a}free country, ashappy, as enlightened, and great, asithasbeen braveand heroic.

"Fellow-citizens, I

now

introduceto you^theillustrious Kossuth."

KOSSUTH's SPEECH

AT NEW HAVEN.

Kossuth _repliedⁱⁿanextemporaneousspeech, ofwhichthereporters could not hearthe opening, owing ^{tothedistance}from thematwhich he stood. It was, in substance, thathe wasembarrassed becausehe was greatly fatigued, and itwas^{difficult for.}

him

tospeakⁱⁿ the open ^air.

The

_followingisan _{imperfectreport}oftheremainder ofhisremarks^:

* * *

^*

* "I

_{was very}anxious to see

New

_England.

I was very anxious^tobeholdthe

men who

havebeen rearedunder her institutions, institutions of freedom and _religion, upon ^{which the} highest happiness of ^{all nations}

must

be founded. I wishedto visit

2