• Nem Talált Eredményt

Effects of rapid inbreeding on sow fertility traits in a closed herd of Swedish Landrace megtekintése

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Ossza meg "Effects of rapid inbreeding on sow fertility traits in a closed herd of Swedish Landrace megtekintése"

Copied!
5
0
0

Teljes szövegt

(1)

(IIHFWVRIUDSLGLQEUHHGLQJRQVRZIHUWLOLW\WUDLWVLQDFORVHG KHUGRI6ZHGLVK/DQGUDFH

7%HOLF,

-XULü0

'LNLü,

&XULN

$JURPHGLPXUMH)DUPDVYLQMD&DNRYHF&URDWLD

8QLYHUVLW\RI=DJUHE)DFXOW\RI$JULFXOWXUH$QLPDO6FLHQFH'HSDUWPHQW=DJUHE+56YHWRãLPXQVND&URDWLD

$%675$&7

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

.H\ZRUGVLQEUHHGLQJGHSUHVVLRQOLWWHUVL]HSLJOHWPRUWDOLW\

,1752'8&7,21

0DWLQJRIDQLPDOVZLWKDFRPPRQDQFHVWRULVGHILQHGDVLQEUHHGLQJDQGLVXQDYRLGDEOH LQFORVHGSRSXODWLRQV7KHUHGXFWLRQRIWKHSRSXODWLRQPHDQIRUIHUWLOLW\DQGILWQHVVWUDLWV VXFKDVDUHOLWWHUVL]HVXUYLYDOELUWKZHLJKWZHDQLQJZHLJKWLVRQHRIWKHFRQVHTXHQFHV RI LQEUHHGLQJ DQG LV HPSLULFDOO\ REVHUYHG SKHQRPHQRQ LQ D ODUJH QXPEHU RI OLYHVWRFN SRSXODWLRQV VHH)UHGHHQ IRU SLJV/DPEHUVRQDQG 7KRPDV IRU VKHHS

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iU)DFXOW\RI$QLPDO6FLHQFH.DSRVYiU

(2)

WRWDO QXPEHU ERUQ DOLYH DQG WRWDO QXPEHU DW ZHDQLQJ DV ZHOO DV RI WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ GDP DQGRU OLWWHU LQEUHHGLQJ FRHIILFLHQW DQG ILWQHVV WUDLWV ZHLJKW DW ELUWK DQG ZHDQLQJZHLJKW,QWKLVVWXG\ZHDOVRLQFOXGHGWKHWRWDOQXPEHUERUQGHDGPRUWDOLW\DW ZHDQLQJ DQG WRWDO QXPEHU RI LQVHPLQDWLRQV DOO UHODWHG WR WKH ILUVW OLWWHU DV WUDLWV RI LQWHUHVW7KXVWKHDLPRIWKLVUHVHDUFKZDVWRHVWLPDWHWKHHIIHFWVRIUDSLGLQEUHHGLQJLQ VRZVRQDODUJHUQXPEHURIWUDLWVUHODWHGWRWKHIHUWLOLW\WRWDOQXPEHUERUQQXPEHUERUQ DOLYH QXPEHU ERUQ GHDG WRWDO QXPEHU RI LQVHPLQDWLRQV QXPEHU DW ZHDQLQJ DQG PRUWDOLW\GXULQJZHDQLQJXVLQJDFORVHG6ZHGLVK/DQGUDFHKHUG

0$7(5,$/6$1'0(7+2'6

$OODQLPDOVLQFOXGHGLQWRDQDO\VLVZHUHNHSWDWWKH$JURPH LPXUMHIDUPLQDFORVHGKHUGRI 6ZHGLVK /DQGUDFH 7KH DQDO\VLV ZDV EDVHG RQ LQEUHG UDQJLQJ IURP LQEUHHGLQJ FRHIILFLHQWWRDQGQRQLQEUHGVRZVDQGDOOVWXGLHGWUDLWVZHUHUHODWHGWR WKHILUVWOLWWHU,QEUHHGLQJFRHIILFLHQWVRIWKHVRZVZHUHFDOFXODWHGIROORZLQJWKHFRQFHSWRI SDWKFRHIILFLHQWVDVGHILQHGE\:ULJKWDQGZHUHUHODWHGWRWKHWKUHHJHQHUDWLRQVORQJ SHGLJUHHV 7KH HIIHFWV RI LQEUHHGLQJ ZHUH DQDO\]HG E\ WKH OLQHDU UHJUHVVLRQ XQLYDULDWH PRGHO RI WKH GHSHQGHQW YDULDEOHV WRWDO QXPEHU ERUQ QXPEHU ERUQ DOLYH QXPEHU ERUQ GHDGWRWDOQXPEHURILQVHPLQDWLRQVQXPEHUDWZHDQLQJDQGPRUWDOLW\GXULQJZHDQLQJRQ WKHLQEUHHGLQJFRHIILFLHQWVRIWKHVRZV7KHHIIHFWRIWKHDJHRIVRZDWWKHILUVWVXFFHVVIXO FRQFHSWLRQZDVGLYLGHGLQWKUHHFODVVHVIURPWRGD\VIURPWRGD\VDQG ROGHUWKHQGD\VDQGLQFOXGHGLQWRUHJUHVVLRQPRGHOVDVDIL[HGHIIHFWH[FHSWIRUWKH PRGHOZLWKWRWDOQXPEHURILQVHPLQDWLRQV7KHHIIHFWVRILQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQIL[HGYDULDEOH DQGLQEUHHGLQJZHUHDOVRDQDO\]HGLQDOOPRGHOVEXWDVEHLQJQRQVLJQLILFDQWWKH\ZHUHQRW IXUWKHU SUHVHQWHG 7KH DVVXPSWLRQV RI WKH PRGHOV ZHUH H[SORUHG WKURXJK GHVFULSWLYH DQDO\VLV RI WKH UHVLGXDOV QRUPDOLW\ DQG KHWHURJHQHLW\ )RU WKH IROORZLQJ WUDLWV QXPEHU ERUQ GHDG WRWDO QXPEHU RI LQVHPLQDWLRQV DQG PRUWDOLW\ GXULQJ ZHDQLQJ DV GHSHQGHQW YDULDEOHV WKH DVVXPSWLRQV RI WKH PRGHOV QRUPDOLW\ ZHUH QRW VDWLVILHG )RU WKDW UHDVRQ WKRVH WKUHH YDULDEOHV ZHUH DQDO\]HG E\ 3RLVVRQ UHJUHVVLRQ JHQHUDOL]HG OLQHDU PRGHOV

*HQHUDO OLQHDU PRGHOV 352& */0 ZHUH XVHG ZKHQ WKH DQDO\VLV ZDV UHODWHG WR WKH YDULDEOHV WKDW ZHUH QRUPDOO\ GLVWULEXWHG 2WKHUZLVH ZH XVHG JHQHUDOL]HG OLQHDU PRGHOV 352& *(102' ZKLFK DVVXPH D 3RLVVRQ GLVWULEXWHG HUURU DQG ZLWK ORJ DV D OLQN IXQFWLRQ'HVFULSWLYHVWDWLVWLFVRIWKHWUDLWVLQFOXGHGLQWKHDQDO\VLVLVVKRZQLQ7DEOH$OO DQDO\VHVZHUHSHUIRUPHGZLWKWKH6$6VWDWLVWLFDOSDFNDJH6$6,QVWLWXWH

7DEOH

'HVFULSWLYHVWDWLVWLFVRIWKHWUDLWVXVHGLQWKHDQDO\VLVQ

9DULDEOH 0HDQ 9DULDQFH 0LQLPXP 0D[LPXP

,QEUHHGLQJFRHIILFLHQWRIWKHVRZ

7RWDOQXPEHURILQVHPLQDWLRQV

$JHDWVXFFHVVIXOLQVHPLQDWLRQ

7RWDOQXPEHUERUQ

1XPEHUERUQDOLYH

1XPEHUERUQGHDG

1XPEHUDWZHDQLQJ

0RUWDOLW\GXULQJZHDQLQJ

(3)

5(68/76$1'',6&866,21

7KHHVWLPDWHGHIIHFWVRIWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQVRZIHUWLOLW\DQGLQEUHHGLQJFRHIILFLHQWV RIWKHVRZDUHJLYHQLQ7DEOHIRUWKHWRWDOQXPEHUERUQQXPEHUERUQDOLYHDQGQXPEHU DWZHDQLQJDQGLQ7DEOHIRUWKHQXPEHUERUQGHDGWRWDOQXPEHURILQVHPLQDWLRQVDQG PRUWDOLW\GXULQJZHDQLQJ$OOVL[DQDO\]HGHIIHFWVZHUHQHJDWLYHO\UHODWHGWRWKHLQFUHDVH RI LQEUHHGLQJ PDWKHPDWLFDOO\ SRVLWLYH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ VRZ LQEUHHGLQJ DQG WRWDO QXPEHURILQVHPLQDWLRQVLVELRORJLFDOO\FRQVLGHUHGDVQHJDWLYH:KLOHVLJQLILFDQWHIIHFWV RI VRZ LQEUHHGLQJ ZHUH REVHUYHG IRU WKH WRWDO QXPEHU ERUQ 3 QXPEHU ERUQ DOLYH3 QXPEHUDWZHDQLQJ3 DQGQXPEHUERUQGHDG3 WKH HIIHFWVZHUHQRWVLJQLILFDQWIRUWKHWRWDOQXPEHURILQVHPLQDWLRQV3 DQGPRUWDOLW\

GXULQJZHDQLQJ3

7DEOH

(IIHFWVRIVRZLQEUHHGLQJRQWKHOLWWHUVL]HDQGQXPEHUDWZHDQLQJIRUWKHILUVWOLWWHU

9DULDEOH 3DUDPHWHU

HVWLPDWH 6( /RZHU

&/ 8SSHU

&/

7RWDOQXPEHUERUQ

1XPEHUERUQDOLYH

1XPEHUDWZHDQLQJ

3DUDPHWHUHVWLPDWHVDUHUHODWHGWROLQHDUUHJUHVVLRQFRHIILFLHQWDQGFKDQJHLQWKH LQEUHHGLQJFRHIILFLHQWRIWKHVRZ&/ FRQILGHQFHOLPLW3YDOXHVZHUHUHODWHGWRWKHWZR VLGHGWWHVW33

7DEOH

(IIHFWVRIVRZLQEUHHGLQJRQWKHQXPEHUERUQGHDGWRWDOQXPEHURILQVHPLQDWLRQV DQGPRUWDOLW\GXULQJZHDQLQJIRUWKHILUVWOLWWHU

9DULDEOH 3DUDPHWHU

HVWLPDWH 5REXVW

6( /RZHU

&/ 8SSHU

&/

7RWDOQXPEHURILQVHPLQDWLRQV

1XPEHUERUQGHDG

0RUWDOLW\GXULQJZHDQLQJ

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

HW DO &XOEHUVRQ HW DO 5RGULJDQH] HW DO 7KHUH DUH VHYHUDO VSHFXODWLRQVZK\VXFKDVWURQJLQEUHHGLQJGHSUHVVLRQKDVEHHQREVHUYHGLQWKLVVWXG\

7KHVLPSOHVWH[SODQDWLRQLVWKHVPDOOVDPSOHVL]H)XUWKHULQWKLVVWXG\RQO\WKHHIIHFWV

(4)

RILQEUHHGLQJWKURXJKWKUHHJHQHUDWLRQVZHUHVWXGLHGDQGLWPLJKWKDSSHQWKDWWKHHIIHFWV RI WKH VDPH OHYHO RI LQEUHHGLQJ DUH PRUH GHWULPHQWDO ZKHQ LQEUHHGLQJ LV DFKLHYHG WKURXJK FORVH FRQQHFWLRQV UDSLG LQ FRPSDULVRQ WR WKH LQEUHHGLQJ WKDW LV DFKLHYHG WKURXJKUHPRWHFRQQHFWLRQVVORZDVLWZDVK\SRWKHVL]HGE\&RWKUDQHWDODQG

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

&21&/86,216

7KH REWDLQHG UHVXOWV VKRZ D FRQVLVWHQW QHJDWLYH HIIHFW RI VRZ LQEUHHGLQJ RQ DOO VL[

DQDO\]HGWUDLWV7KHDQDO\]HGHIIHFWVZHUHVLJQLILFDQWIRUWRWDOQXPEHUERUQQXPEHUERUQ DOLYHDQGQXPEHUDWZHDQLQJEXWZHUHQRWVLJQLILFDQWIRUWRWDOQXPEHURILQVHPLQDWLRQV DQG PRUWDOLW\ GXULQJ ZHDQLQJ +RZHYHU WKH REVHUYHG LQGLFDWHG WUHQG VKRXOG EH FRQILUPHGLQDPRUHH[WHQVLYHVWXG\WDNLQJLQWRDFFRXQWWKHHIIHFWVRIOLWWHULQEUHHGLQJDV ZHOODVWKHHIIHFWVRIUHPRWHYHUVXVFORVHLQEUHHGLQJHIIHFWV

5()(5(1&(6

%HOLF78WMHFDMX]JRMDXVURGVWYXQDSORGQRVWVYLQMD7KHHIIHFWVRILQEUHHGLQJ RQWKHIHUWLOLW\RIVRZV0DVHU7KHVLV8QLYHUVLW\RI=DJUHE=DJUHE&URDWLD

%HUHVNLQ%6KHOE\&(5RZH.(8UEDQ:(-U %OXQQ &7 &KDSPDQ $%

*DUZRRG9$+D]HO/1/DVHO\-)0DJHH:70F&DUW\-::KDWOH\

-$-U,QEUHHGLQJDQGVZLQHSURGXFWLYLW\WUDLWV-$QLP6FL

%XUURZ+07KHHIIHFWVRILQEUHHGLQJLQEHHIFDWWOH$QLP%UHHG$EVWU

&RWKUDQ(*0DF&OXHU-::HLWNDPS/53IHQQLJ':%R\FH$-,QEUHH GLQJDQGUHSURGXFWLYHSHUIRUPDQFHLQ6WDQGDUGEUHGKRUVHV-+HUHG

&XOEHUWVRQ060DEU\-:0LV]DO,*HQJOHU1%HUWUDQG-.9DURQD/(VWL PDWLRQRIGRPLQDQFHYDULDQFHLQSXUHEUHG<RUNVKLUHVZLQH-$QLP6FL

&XULN , 6|ONQHU - 6WLSLF 1 7KH LQIOXHQFH RI VHOHFWLRQ DQG HSLVWDVLV RQ LQEUHHGLQJGHSUHVVLRQHVWLPDWHV-$QLP%UHHG*HQHW

&XULN , 6|ONQHU - 6WLSLF 1 (IIHFWV RI PRGHOV ZLWK ILQLWH ORFL VHOHFWLRQ GRPLQDQFHHSLVWDVLVDQGOLQNDJHRQLQEUHHGLQJFRHIILFLHQWVEDVHGRQSHGLJUHHDQG JHQRW\SLFLQIRUPDWLRQ-$QLP%UHHG*HQHW

&XULN,=HFKQHU36|ONQHU-$FKPDQQ5%RGR,'RYF3.DYDU70DUWL(

%UHP * VXEPLWWHG WR -RXUQDO RI +HUHGLW\ ,QEUHHGLQJ PLFURVDWHOOLWH KHWHUR]\JRVLW\DQGPRUSKRORJLFDOWUDLWVLQ/LSL]]DQKRUVHV

'LNHUVRQ *( %OXQQ &7 &KDSPDQ $% .RWWPDQ 50 .ULGHU -/ :DUZLFN (-:KDWOH\-$-U%DNHU0//XVK-/:LQWHUV/0(YDOXDWLRQRI VHOHFWLRQ LQ GHYHORSLQJ LQEUHG OLQHV RI VZLQH 0LVVRXUL $JULFXOWXUDO ([SHULPHQW 6WDWLRQ5HVDUFK%XOOHWLQ

(5)

)UHGHHQ +7 ,QEUHHGLQJ DQG VZLQH LPSURYHPHQW $QLP %UHHG $EVWU /DPEHUVRQ:57KRPDV'/(IIHFWVRILQEUHHGLQJLQVKHHSDUHYLHZ$QLP

%UHHG$EVWU

/\QFK 0 :DOVK % )XQGDPHQWDOV RI 4XDQWLWDWLYH *HQHWLFV 6LQDXHU

$VRFLDWHV6XQGHUODQG0$86$

0LJOLRU ) ,PSDFW RI LQEUHHGLQJ RQ GDLU\ FDWWOH 3K' 7KHVLV 8QLYHUVLW\ RI

*XHOSK*XHOSK&DQDGD

5RGULJDQH]-7RUR0$5RGULJXH]0&6LOLR/(IIHFWVRIIRXQGHUDOOHOH VXUYLYDO DQG LQEUHHGLQJ GHSUHVVLRQ RQ OLWWHU VL]H LQ D FORVHG OLQH RI /DUJH :KLWH SLJV$QLP6FL

5RGULJXH] & 5RGULJDQH] - 6LOLR / JHQHWLF DQDO\VLV RI PDWHUQDO DELOLW\ LQ ,EHULDQSLJV-$QLP%UHHG*HQHW

6$6 ,QVWLWXWH ,QF 6$667$7 6RIWZDUH &KDQJHV DQG (QKDQFHPHQWV WKURXJK 5HOHDVH&DU\1&86$

7RUR0$6LOLR/5RGULJDQH]-'REDR07,QEUHHGLQJDQGIDPLO\LQGH[

VHOHFWLRQIRUSUROLILFDF\LQSLJV$QLP3URG

:LHQHU * /HH *- :RROOLDPV -$ (IIHFWV RI UDSLG LQEUHHGLQJ DQG RI FURVVLQJ LQEUHG OLQHV RQ WKH JURZWK RI OLQHDU ERG\ GLPHQVLRQV RI VKHHS $QLPDO :ULJKW6,QEUHHGLQJFRHIILFLHQWVDQGUHODWLRQVKLS$P1DW3URG

&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU ,QR&XULN

8QLYHUVLW\RI=DJUHE)DFXOW\RI$JULFXOWXUH +5=DJUHE6YHWRãLPXQVND&URDWLD 7HO)D[

HPDLOLFXULN#DJUKU

Hivatkozások

KAPCSOLÓDÓ DOKUMENTUMOK

$3$63$0 PRGHO UHVXOWV VKRZ WKH VHQVLWLYLW\ RI 6ORYHQLDQ OLYHVWRFN SURGXFWLRQ RQ DFFHVVLRQ FRQGLWLRQV 7KH DFFHVVLRQ ZLWK UHODWLYHO\ ORZ OHYHO RI GLUHFW DQG VWUXFWXUDO SD\PHQWV

/XQJV RI WZR DQLPDOV VKRZHG FKURQLF K\SHUSODVWLF EURQFKLWLV SHULEURQFKLWLV DQG HPSK\VHPD WRJHWKHU ZLWK VRPH DUHDV RI OXQJ DWHOHFWDVLV ,Q ERWK FDVHV WKH SDUDVLWH VHFWLRQV ZHUH QRWLFHG

%UHHGHUV LQ &amp;URDWLD ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG DQG WRGD\ WKHUH DUH DERXW +ROVWHLQ KRUVHV LQ SULYDWH EUHHGLQJ ,Q WKH SHULRG RI \HDUV RI WKH .ULåHYFL +ROVWHLQ KRUVH EUHHGLQJ SURJUDPPH

7DNLQJ LQWR DFFRXQW WKH IDFW WKDW PLON SURGXFWLRQ LQ 6ORYHQLD FXUUHQWO\ FRQWULEXWH DSSUR[ RI WRWDO YDOXH RI DJULFXOWXUDO RXWSXW EXW PRUH WKDQ KDOI RI DJJUHJDWH LQFRPH WKLV UHGXFWLRQ

,Q\HDUVDQGRQIDUPVZLWKWRWDOQXPEHURIFRZVRIWKH)ULHVLDQEUHHG DQG DQQXDO SURGXFWLRQ RI DSSUR[ WKRXVDQG WRQV RI PDUNHW PLON LQ GHILQHG UHJLRQ

)LJXUH UHSUHVHQWV DOVR WKH RVFLOODWLRQV RI HQ]\PH /'+ DFWLYLW\ LQ PLON WDQN (Q]\PH /'+EHORQJVWRF\WRSODVPLFHQ]\PHVDQGLVSUHVHQWLQ WKH HSLWKHOLDO FHOOV LQ PLON FDQDOV LQ WKH XGGHU

2Q WKH EDVH RI RXU UHVXOWV ZH FDQ FRQFOXGH WKDW WKH DGGLWLRQ RI ZRRGHQ VWLFN DV D PDWHULDO RI HQYLURQPHQWDO HQULFKPHQW GLG QRW VLJQLILFDQWO\ LQIOXHQFH WKH ZHLJKW JDLQ FDUFDVV ZHLJKW

,Q 6ORYHQLD RXU RZQ VHOHFWLRQ OLQH 6,.$ ZDV IRUPHG WR PHHW 6ORYHQLDQ QHHGV IRU EUHHGLQJ UDEELWV ,Q 5DEELW FHQWUH RI %LRWHFKQLFDO )DFXOW\ PDOH 6,.$ OLQH IRU PHDW SURGXFWLRQH[LVWVIURP