A
Acetazolamide, cholera toxin effects and, 245
Acetone
CL perfringens lecithinase a n d , 120 collagenase and, 133
Acetylcholine
botulinum toxin and, 45-46, 6 1 , 6 2 , 99 release, tetanus toxin and, 97, 9 8 , 9 9 Acetylcholinesterase, tetanus toxin and,
98
Actinomyces streptomycini, proteinase of, 37
Actinomycin D , cholera toxin effects and, 246
Adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, cholera toxin and, 235-236, 246-247 Adenosine 5'-monophosphate, histamine
sensitivity and, 287
Adenosine triphosphatase, CL perfringens toxin and, 142
Adenyl cyclase, cholera toxin and, 236, 247
Adrenalectomy, histamine sensitivity and, 288
Aeration, dysentery toxin production and, 257-258
Africa, botulism in, 5, 6
Agar gel, botulinum toxin diffusion in, 19-20
Agarose A-5m, choleragen and, 2 1 0 Age, histamine sensitivity a n d , 285 Air, botulinum toxin destruction and, 55 Alkali, dysentery toxin extraction and,
258, 259
A l u m i n u m phosphate, botulinum toxoid and, 53
A m i n o a c i d ( s )
botulinum toxin composition, type A, 16, 17, 27, 36
cholera enterotoxin and, 203
CL perfringens toxin production a n d , 113, 114
CL perfringens e-toxin and, 170-171 histamine-sensitizing factor and, 283 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide and,
4 4
Proteus neurotoxin and, 3 4 1 , 342, 343 requirement by CL botulinum, 8 S. typhimurium neurotoxin and, 318,
319
tetanus toxin composition, 80 A m i n o groups
botulinum toxin, 38, 39-40 toxoiding and, 144-145
Aminotransferase, botulinum toxin and, 37
A m m o n i a , sodium transport and, 242 A m m o n i u m sulfate
B. pertussis toxin and, 275
botulinum toxin and, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26, 33, 53
CL perfringens toxin and, 119 cholera mucinase and, 2 0 9 - 2 1 0 collagenase and, 133
histamine-sensitizing factor and, 282 hyaluronidase and, 131
intestinal fluid accumulation and, 201 Listeria hemolysin and, 361
permeability factor and, 225 S. typhimurium neurotoxin and, 318 tetanus toxin and, 79
Anaphylaxis, histamine-sensitizing factor and, 290, 291
Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos, botulism in, 51
Antibody, cholera and, 212
Anticollagenase, effectiveness of, 131 Antihistamines, histamine sensitization
and, 288
Antihyaluronidase, effectiveness of, 131 Antitoxin
B. pertussis toxin and, 276, 278 botulinum toxin and, 15-16, 23, 3 1 , 39,
4 1 , 52-53
cholera, disease and, 2 4 8 - 2 4 9 cholera enterotoxin and, 214-218 CL perfringens infection and, 140, 141 CL perfringens e-toxin and, 171 dysentery toxin and, 267-268 permeability factor, 222
titration of, 2 2 8 - 2 3 0
tetanus toxin symptoms and, 100 398
S U B J E C T I N D E X 399
Arginine, CL perfringens toxin production and, 113, 114
Ascorbate
adrenal, B. pertussis vaccine and, 288 Asparagine, tetanus toxin and, 8 4 Aspartate, tetanus toxin and, 8 4 Aspergillus oryzae, proteinase of, 37 Aspergillus terricolae, proteinase of, 37 Aspirin, histamine sensitivity and, 286 Autolysis
botulinum toxin release and, 57-59 dysentery toxin production and, 258 histamine-sensitizing factor and, 2 8 1 ,
2 8 4
Proteus neurotoxins and, 339, 3 4 0 S. typhimurium neurotoxin and, 305-
307
tetanus toxin production and, 76, 77- 78, 84-85
Azocoll method, CL perfringens toxin assay and, 183, 184
B
Bacillus anthracis toxin, detection of, 3 6 0 Bacillus megaterium, toxin production by,
3 0 4
Bacillus melitensis, cytotoxic substance from, 315
Bacillus mesentericus, toxin production by, 304
Bacillus subtilis, glutamine transferase of, 37
Bacteriocins, neurotoxins and, 3 4 6 Bacteriophage, dysentery toxin release
and, 2 6 1 , 266
Birds, botulism in, 2-3, 5, 6 Bisulfite, lecithinase and, 123
Blood pressure, CL perfringens toxins and, 173, 174
Bordetella bronchiseptica, toxin of, 2 7 4 Bordetella parapertussis, toxin of, 274 Bordetella pertussis, see also W h o o p i n g
cough
antigens of, 272 heat-labile toxin
immunology, 2 7 8 - 2 7 9 mode of action, 277-278 nature, 276
pathogenesis, 279-280
production and purification, 2 7 4 - 2 7 5 synthesis, 276-277
toxicity, 273
histamine-sensitizing factor immunology, 2 8 9 - 2 9 0 m o d e of action, 284-289 nature, 282-283
pathogenesis, 2 9 0 - 2 9 4
production and purification, 281-282 synthesis, 2 8 3 - 2 8 4
toxicity, 280-281 history of, 271-272
Botulism, see also Clostridium botulinum causative agent, identification of, 7-9 as disease, 1-3, 4 9 - 5 2
history of, 4-6
incidence in humans, 3
Bradykinin, histamine-sensitizing factor and, 290
Brain
botulinum toxin and, 47 tetanus toxin fixation by, 87-88 British Isles, botulism in, 3
Brucella, cytotoxic substance from, 315 Bursting factor, CL perfringens toxin, 112
c
C a d m i u m salts, tetanus toxin and, 77 Calcium
CL perfringens lecithinase and, 122, 123, 125, 127
transport, botulinum toxin and, 4 8 Calcium chloride
B. pertussis toxin and, 275
botulinum toxin and, 9-10, 12, 13, 15, 33, 53
Calcium phosphate collagenase and, 133
dysentery toxin purification and, 259 Calves, enterotoxemia of, 179, 180 Canada, botulism in, 3, 6 Carbohydrate
cholera enterotoxin and, 203 metabolism, listeriosis and, 358, 368 Carbonic anhydrase
inhibitor, cholera toxin and, 245 Carboxymethylcellulose, CL perfringens
toxin and, 119, 123, 169 Casamino acids
cholera toxins and, 2 0 9 - 2 1 0
permeability factor production and, 2 2 4 Cat, tetanus toxin a n d , 7 1 , 72
Catatonia, E. coli exotoxin and, 302-303
Catecholamine (s)
excretion, tetanus and, 102
histamine sensitization and, 288-289, 293
Cattle
botulism in, 3, 5, 6 enterotoxemia of, 182
Cell membranes, CI. perfringens toxin and, 138
Cell walls, histamine-sensitizing factor and, 281
Ceramide, structure of, 89 Cerebrosides
lysolecithin and, 126 structure of, 89
tetanus toxin fixation and, 88, 9 0 , 92 Chloride ions, cholera toxin and, 245,
246-247
p-Chloromercuribenzoate
botulinum toxin and, 38, 44-45 tetanus toxin and, 79
Cholera, see also Vibrio cholerae animal models, 196
cause of death, 189
pathophysiology and morbid anatomy, 191-195
prevention of, 250-251 resistance to, 212, 2 1 3 , 2 1 4 Cholesterol
CI. perfringens 0-toxin and, 173 9-hemolysin and, 129
Listeria hemolysin and, 3 6 2 , 364, 3 6 6 , 368
Choline acetylase, tetanus toxin and, 86 Cholinesterase
botulinum toxin and, 4 6 , 61 tetanus toxin and, 86
Chymotrypsin, botulinum toxin and, 37 Clostridium botulinum, see also Botulism
amino acid requirements, 8 growth in animal body, 50-52 hemagglutinins of, 16, 18, 19-20, 2 1 ,
23-24, 26, 28, 30-33 lysis, toxin and, 5 7 - 5 9 media for, 7-9, 10 spores, toxin of, 28-30 types, 5
characteristics of, 2, 6 vitamin requirements, 8, 10 Clostridium botulinum toxin
activation of, 33-36
as antigen, 52-55
chemical and physical agents and, 55-57 dissociation of, 18, 19, 31
laboratory detection of, 60-61 lethal dose, 1
m o d e of action, 4 8 - 4 9 nature of, 57-59 properties of, 11
proteolytic enzymes and, 37 role in bacterium, 5 9 - 6 0 site of action, 45-47, 99
toxicity, specific chemical groups and, 37-45
type A
nature of, 15-24, 26-28 purification of, 9-12 type B
nature of, 25-26 purification of, 12 type C
nature of, 24-25, 32 purification of, 13-14 type C a
purification of, 13 type C/3
purification of, 12-13 type D
purification of, 14 type E
activation of, 33-36 nature of, 25-26 purification of, 14-15
Clostridium centrosporogenes, lecithinase, 121
Clostridium chauvaei, lecithinase, 121 Clostridium hemolyticum, lecithinase, 121 Clostridium histolyticum, collagenase of,
133
Clostridium oedematiens, lecithinase of, 121
Clostridium oedematiens, toxin, nervous tissue and, 87
Clostridium perfringens, see also Gas gan
grene
cells, toxin components in, 116-117 other antigens of, 160
pathogenesis, 178-182 and antigens, 161-164 types, 159-160
toxins produced, 160-164
S U B J E C T I N D E X 401
Clostridium perfringens \ - a n t i g e n , nature of, 160, 176
Clostridium perfringens /u-antigen, nature of, 160, 176-177 purification of, 169
Clostridium perfringens u-antigen, nature of, 160
production of, 161
Clostridium perfringens t o x i n ( s ) assay, 164
hemolytic types, 183 major lethal toxins, 183 /c-toxin, 183-184
\ - a n t i g e n , 184 /^-antigen, 184 i m m u n o l o g y of, 177-178 production
factors involved, 167-168 general, 166
Clostridium perfringens /3-toxin, action of, 173-174
loss of, 162, 163 toxicity of, 164
Clostridium perfringens 7-toxin, produc
tion of, 161-162
Clostridium perfringens 8-toxin action of, 174-175
nature of, 160 toxicity of, 165
Clostridium perfringens c-toxin action of, 174-175
formaldehyde and, 177 loss of, 162
nature of, 170-172 purification of, 168-169 toxicity of, 164-165
Clostridium perfringens Tj-toxin, produc
tion of, 162
Clostridium perfringens 0-toxin action of, 174, 176
nature of, 160, 172-173 purification of, 169 toxicity of, 165-16 6
Clostridium perfringens t-toxin action of, 174, 175
activation of, 172 toxicity of, 165
Clostridium perfringens /c-toxin action of, 174, 176
nature of, 160 purification of, 169
toxicity of, 166
Clostridium perfringens type A toxin components of, 111
detoxification of, 143-146 mechanism of action, 137-142 nature of, 111-112
production, 112-115 cells, 116-117 m e d i u m , 115-116 purification of, 117-120
Clostridium sordellii, lecithinase, 121, 122 Clostridium sporogenes, lecithinase, 121 Clostridium tertium, lecithinase, 121 Clostridium tetani, pathogenesis, 104-105 Clostridium tetani toxin,
central action of, 94-97
crude, nonspasmogenic fraction, 98-99 historical, 6 9 - 7 0
immunology and immunochemistry, 102-104
m i n i m u m lethal dose, 72-73 route of administration and, 72 mode of action, 85 - 86
molecular level, 86-92 physiological level, 9 2 - 1 0 2 nature of, 79-82
peripheral actions of, 9 7 - 1 0 2 production of, 75-76 purification
autolyzed culture filtrates, 77-78 extraction of cells, 78-79 purified, properties of, 74, 75 spread in body, 93-94 synthesis of, 82-85 toxicity
assay of, 71-74 factors affecting, 70-71 purified toxin, 74
Clostridium tetani toxoid, nervous tissue and, 87, 88
Clostridium welchii toxin ( s ) , nervous tissue and, 87
Cobalt
CL perfringens toxin production and, 114
lecithinase and, 122 Collagenase
clostridial, 160, 176
CL perfringens toxin, 111, 138 cells and, 117
production of, 115
properties of, 132-134 separation of, 118, 119
Collagen paper, CI. perfringens toxin assay and, 183
Complement fixation, botulinum toxin and, 60
Contracture, tetanus and, 97
Cortisone, histamine sensitivity and, 288 Creatine phosphokinase
plasma, Listeria hemolysin and, 368 Crystallization, tetanus toxin, 77 Curare
effects, strychnine and, 95
Cycloheximide, cholera toxin effects and, 245-246
Cysteine
botulinum toxin and, 44-45
^-hemolysin and, 129
lecithinase and, 123, 124, 125, 146 Listeria hemolysin and, 3 6 4 tetanus toxin and, 81
Cystine, CI. perfringens toxin production and, 113, 114
D
Darmbrand, CI. perfringens toxin and, 181-182
D e a t h time assay, tetanus toxin, 73 Denmark, botulism in, 3, 6
Deoxycholate, histamine-sensitizing factor release and, 2 8 1 , 282, 283
Deoxyribonuclease clostridial, 160
CI. perfringens toxin, 111, 136-137, 138 Detergents, botulinum toxin and, 20 Dextran sulfate, permeability factor and,
225-226, 239
Dextrin, CI. perfringens toxin production and, 112, 167, 168
Diabetes, histamine sensitivity and, 293 Dialysis, dysentery toxin purification and,
259
Dialysis cultures, botulinum toxin pro
duction and, 7-8, 13, 14
Dibenzyline, histamine sensitization and, 288
Dichloroisoproterenol, histamine sensitiv
ity and, 288-289 D i e t
CI. perfringens enterotoxemias and,
178, 180, 181, 182
response to cholera enterotoxin and, 200
Diethylaminoethyl cellulose B. pertussis toxin and, 275
botulinum toxin and, 15, 19-20, 25, 26, 3 1 , 33, 35-36
choleragen and, 210
CI. perfringens toxin and, 1 1 9 , 1 6 8 , 1 6 9 collagenase and, 133
deoxyribonuclease and, 137 permeability factor and, 225 tetanus toxin and, 77, 78, 79 Diethylaminoethyl Sephadex
botulinum toxin and, 2 1 , 22 cholera enterotoxin and, 202 Diisopropyfluorophosphate,
CI. perfringens lecithinase and, 124 Diphtheria toxin, tetanus toxin fixation
and, 87
Disulfide bridges, tetanus toxin and, 79, 81
D o g
cholera enterotoxin and, 2 1 1 - 2 1 4 tetanus toxin and, 7 1 , 72
D u o d e n u m , cholera enterotoxin and, 2 0 1 , 2 1 4
Dysentery
Shiga, symptoms, 255 E
E C T E O L A cellulose, CI. perfringens toxin and, 119
Edema, CI. perfringens toxin and, 112, 138, 139
Egg yolk, CI. perfringens toxin production and, 112
Electrocardiograms, Listeria hemolysin and, 3 6 9 - 3 7 3
Electrophoresis, see also Immunoelectro
phoresis
botulinum toxin and, 2 1 , 25, 3 4 CI. perfringens toxin and, 118, 119,
124, 145 collagenase and, 133
histamine-sensitizing factor and, 282 Proteus neurotoxin and, 3 4 3 - 3 4 4 tetanus toxin, 77, 79
Encephalopathy, B. pertussis toxins and, 279-280, 290, 291
Endotoxin, cholera toxin and, 209
S U B J E C T I N D E X 4 0 3 Enterotoxemias, CL perfringens toxins
and, 163, 175, 178-180, 182 Enzymes
levels, listeriosis and, 3 5 8 - 3 5 9 Epinephrine
Listeria hemolysin and, 366
release, histamine sensitivity and, 286, 293
Epithelium
denudation, cholera and, 194-195 Erythrocytes, CL perfringens
^-hemolysin effect, species and, 128, 129 lecithinase effect, species and, 129 phospholipids, species and, 126 Escherichia coli, infections, 3 0 2 - 3 0 3 , 332,
353
Escherichia coli neurotoxin(s)
chemical structure and toxicity, 320- 322
historical, 3 0 1 - 3 0 4
S. typhimurium neurotoxin and, 317-318
serological specificity, 3 2 2 - 3 2 6 strains isolated from urine, 326-327,
328, 331-333 Ethanol
B. pertussis toxin and, 275
botulinum toxin and, 12, 13, 15, 33, 53 hyaluronidase and, 131
Ethylene chlorohydrin, lecithinase and, 124
Ethylenediaminetetraacetate
lecithinase and, 122, 125, 127, 141, 146 tetanus toxin and, 78
Evans blue, histamine sensitivity and, 2 9 3 - 2 9 4
Exotoxins, nature of, 197
F
Fatality rate, tetanus, 104
Fatty a c i d ( s ) , permeability factor and, 226
Fatty dystrophy, CL perfringens toxin and, 139, 140
Ferritin, Listeria infection and, 376 Fibrinolysin, CL perfringens toxin, 111 Ficin, botulinum toxin and, 37
Flocculation, botulinum toxin and, 52-53 Fluid
exchange, cholera and, 2 4 2 - 2 4 3 , 246 Fluorescence, botulinum toxin, 4 3
Foals, enterotoxemia of, 179
Food poisoning, CL perfringens toxins and, 161, 163
Formaldehyde
B. pertussis toxin and, 276 botulinum toxin and, 52-53
cholera enterotoxin and, 206, 217-218 CL perfringens toxins and, 143-145,
177-178
histamine-sensitizing factor and, 282 S. typhimurium neurotoxin and, 308 tetanus toxin and, 103
Formamide, histamine-sensitizing factor extraction and, 281
Fowl, necrotic enteritis of, 181-182 France, botulism in, 3, 6
Freund's adjuvant, botulinum toxoid and, 5 4
Frog, tetanus toxin and, 70, 87, 92 Frog skin
sodium transport, inhibition of, 242 G
Gangliosides structure of, 89
tetanus toxin fixation by, 88-92, 105 various toxins and, 88, 90
Gas gangrene, see also Clostridium perfringens
active immunization against, 146-149 CL perfringens toxins and, 161, 163 hyaluronidase and, 130
lecithinase and, 138
prophylaxis and treatment, 109-110 Gastric juice, botulinum toxin and, 37,
56 Gelatin
botulinum toxin toxicity and, 56 CL perfringens collagenase and, 132 tetanus toxin dilution and, 70
Gelatin-agar plate method, CL perfringens toxin assay and, 184
Germany, botulism in, 3
Gluconeogenesis, listeriosis and, 358, 368 Glucosamine, S. typhimurium toxins and,
318, 319 Glucose
absorption, cholera and, 242, 243 B. pertussis toxin and, 276 botulinum toxin production and, 7 perfusion, cholera and, 194, 2 1 4
uptake, histamine-sensitizing factor and, 2 9 4
utilization, CI. perfringens, 113, 115 /3-Glucuronidase
plasma, Listeria hemolysin and, 3 6 4 , 366-367
Glutamate
CI. perfringens toxin production and, 113
tetanus toxin production and, 8 2 , 8 3 - 85, 103-104
Glutamine, tetanus toxin production and, 8 3 , 8 4
Glutamine transferase, botulinum toxin and, 37
Glutathione, lecithinase and, 123
Glycerophosphorylcholine, CI. perfringens toxin production and, 112
Glycine
effects, strychnine and, 95-96 Glycogen, CI. perfringens toxin
production and, 167
Glycylhistidine, tetanus toxin production and, 82
Goats
enterotoxemia of, 179, 182 tetanus toxin and, 71
Goldfish, tetanus toxin and, 101-102 Goose, tetanus toxin and, 71 Gram stain, botulinum toxin and, 58 G u a n i d i n e ( s ) , botulinum toxin and, 20,
40 G u i n e a pig
B. pertussis toxin and, 274-275 dysentery toxin, susceptibility to, 257,
265
permeability factor and, 218 tetanus toxin and, 70, 7 1 , 72, 87
H Hair
growth, permeability factor and, 221 Hamster
dystentery toxin, susceptibility to, 257, 265
Heart
CI. perfringens toxin and, 176 Listeria hemolysin and, 3 6 8 - 3 7 3 , 375 lytic toxins and, 3 7 4 - 3 7 5
H e a t , see also Temperature botulinum spore toxin and, 29
B. pertussis toxin and, 276 botulinum toxin and, 55-56 cholera enterotoxin and, 206 dysentery toxin extraction and, 258, 2 5 9 histamine-sensitizing factor and, 282 lecithinase and, 122
Hemagglutinin, botulinum toxin and, 16, 18, 19-20, 2 1 , 23-24, 26, 28, 30-33, 4 1 , 4 2 , 60
H e m e , dysentery toxin production and, 261, 262
Hemolysin (s)
clostridial, 160, 170, 172-173, 175, 176 assay of, 183
CI. perfringens toxin, 111, 112, 138, 139
production of, 115-116 properties of, 128-129 purification of, 118 Listeria, 357, 360
Hemophilus pertussis, see Bordetella pertussis
Hemorrhage, B. pertussis toxin and, 277 H e n , tetanus toxin and, 7 1 , 87
Hexosamine, Proteus neurotoxin and, 341 Histaminase, B. pertussis vaccine and, 286 Histamine
release, CI. perfringens toxin and, 139 sensitization, characteristics of, 284-286 Histidine
CI. perfringens toxin production and, 113
peptides, tetanus toxin production and, 82-83
tetanus toxin production and, 8 3 , 8 4 Histidine decarboxylase, B. pertussis
vaccine and, 287 Horse
botulism in, 5, 6 tetanus toxin and, 7 1 , 87 H u m a n s
botulism in, 3, 5, 6 cholera toxins and, 247-251
CI. perfringens type D infection in, 182 necrotic enteritis of, 180-182
permeability factor effects in, 222-223 H u m a n embryo culture cells
E. coli neurotoxin and, 329 S. typhimurium neurotoxin and,
3 1 3 - 3 1 5
Hutia, tetanus toxin and, 72
S U B J E C T I N D E X 4 0 5 Hyaluronidase
CL perfringens toxin, 111, 138 cells and, 116-117
production of, 115 properties of, 130-132 separation of, 118, 119 clostridial, 160, 176-177
assay of, 184
Hydrochloric acid, botulinum toxin and, 10-11, 20
Hydrocortisone, histamine sensitivity and, 288
Hydrogen peroxide botulinum toxin and, 41 lecithinase and, 123
Hydrogen sulfide, lecithinase and, 123, 125
Hydroxyapatite, CL perfringens toxin and, 118
2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide, botu
linum toxin and, 4 2 , 4 3 , 4 4 8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate, tetanus
toxin and, 79
Hypoglycemia, B. pertussis vaccine and, 287, 293
Hypoproteinemia, histamine sensitivity and, 293
I
Ileum, cholera enterotoxin and, 2 1 4 Immunity
CL perfringens toxin and, 140, 146-149 CL perfringens toxoid and, 143-144,
146-147 tetanus and, 104 Immunodiffusion
CL perfringens toxins and, 177 dysentery toxin and, 2 5 9 - 2 6 0 , 266, 267 histamine-sensitizing factor and, 2 9 0 tetanus toxin and, 78, 79
Immunoelectrophoresis, see also Electro
phoresis
CL perfringens toxin, 118, 119 Proteus neurotoxin and, 3 4 6 - 3 4 9 Immunology
B. pertussis toxin, 2 7 8 - 2 7 9
CL perfringens toxins and, 177-178 dysentery toxin, 266-267
histamine-sensitizing factor, 2 8 9 - 2 9 0 Indophenyl acetate, acetylcholinesterase
and, 61
Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, strych
nine and, 95
Insulin, histamine sensitivity and, 287, 2 9 3 , 2 9 4
Intestine
cholera antitoxin and, 217 dysentery toxin and, 264-265 ligated, cholera enterotoxin and, 199-
204
perfused, cholera enterotoxin and, 204- 206
permeability, CL perfringens toxin and, 174-175
Iodoacetate
botulinum toxin and, 45 tetanus toxin and, 81
Iodosobenzoate, botulinum toxin and, 38 Iron
CL perfringens toxin production and, 114
dysentery toxin production and, 258, 260-262
Listeria infection and, 3 7 5 - 3 7 6 S. typhimurium neurotoxin and, 308 tetanus toxin production and, 83 Irradiation, botulinum spore toxin and,
29-30
Ischemia, ligated intestinal segment and, 2 0 1 , 203, 2 0 4
J Japan, botulism in, 3, 6
K
K e t e n e , botulinum toxin and, 38, 39 Kidney, CL perfringens e-toxin and, 174,
178, 182 L
Lambs, enterotoxemia of, 180
L a m b dysentery, CL perfringens toxin and, 163, 179
L-cells, cholera toxin and, 198 Lecithin
CL perfringens toxin fixation and, 141 occurrence in erythrocytes, 126 Lecithinase (s)
CL perfringens toxin, 111, 112, 113, 138-139
cells and, 116
hemolysin and, 118 immunization to, 148 production of, 115 properties of, 120-126 separation of, 119-120 specificity of, 126-128 occurrence in Clostridia, 121
Lecithovitelline, CL perfringens a-toxin and, 120-121
Lethality
CL perfringens toxins and, 174, 175, 176
histamine-sensitizing factor and, 2 8 0 - 281
Lethal toxin cholera, 2 3 3 - 2 3 4
other cholera toxins and, 241 Leukocytes, CL perfringens toxin and,
138, 140
Levomycetin, CL perfringens toxin and, 143
Lipase, cholera enterotoxin and, 208 Lipase-stimulating factor
cholera and, 235-236, 247 other cholera toxins and, 241 Lipid
cholera enterotoxin and, 203
E. coli neurotoxin and, 3 2 1 , 322, 328 histamine-sensitizing factor and, 283 Proteus neurotoxin and, 3 4 1 , 3 4 3 , 3 4 4 S. typhimurium neurotoxin and, 308,
3 1 9 Lipopolysaccharide
B. pertussis toxins and, 2 7 2 , 273 E. coli neurotoxin a n d , 3 2 3 - 3 2 4 Proteus neurotoxin and, 3 4 1 , 3 4 3 , 3 4 4 Lipoprotein
cholera toxins and, 226 E. coli neurotoxin and, 324-326 Listeria monocytogenes
fractions and filtrates, toxicity of, 3 5 9 - 361
infections, 357-358 toxemia and, 358-361
Listeria monocytogenes hemolysin cardiac manifestations, 3 6 8 - 3 7 3 , 375 discussion, 3 7 2 , 3 7 4 - 3 7 6
effects of, 360
hepatic damage, 3 6 6 , 368 lyosomes a n d , 3 6 3 - 3 6 4
production, purification and nature of,
3 6 1 - 3 6 3
Listeriosis, biochemical alterations in, 3 5 8 - 3 5 9
Liver
B. pertussis toxin and, 277 CL perfringens toxin and, 140 damage, Listeria hemolysin and, 366,
368 Lungs
CL perfringens toxin and, 176, 182 dysentery toxin and, 265
Lymphocytosis, B. pertussis vaccine and, 291
L y m p h o m a , B. pertussis vaccine and, 292 L y m p h tissue, B. pertussis toxin and, 277,
278, 292
Lysine, detoxification of toxins and, 308 Lysolecithin, lecithinase and, 126 Lysosomes
CL perfringens toxin and, 142 enzymes, histamine-sensitizing factor
and, 287
Listeria hemolysin and, 3 6 3 - 3 6 4 Lysozyme, histamine-sensitizing factor re
lease, 281
Lytic factor, cholera cultures and, 224, 225
M
Maggots, botulism epidemic and, 59 Magnesium
CL perfringens toxin production and, 114
dysentery toxin production and, 258 lecithinase and, 122, 142
M a g n e s i u m sulfate, histamine-sensitizing factor and, 282
Manganese
CL perfringens toxin production and, 114
lecithinase and, 122, 125
Mast cells, CL perfringens toxin and, 176 M e a n symptom assay, tetanus toxin, 7 3 -
7 4 M e d i a
botulinum toxin production and, 7-9, 10
CL perfringens toxin and, 112-115 S. typhimurium neurotoxin and, 306 tetanus toxin production and, 75-76
S U B J E C T I N D E X 407
Mental disorders, E. coli exotoxin and, 3 0 2 - 3 0 3 , 332, 353
Metaphosphoric acid botulinum toxin and, 13 tetanus toxin and, 78
Methacholine, histamine-sensitizing factor and, 290
Methanol
B. pertussis toxin and, 275
CI. perfringens lecithinase and, 120 collagenase and, 133
tetanus toxin and, 77, 78
Methionine, botulinum toxin and, 41 Methylene blue, photooxidation and, 40 Micelles
size, lecithinase and, 127
Minimal lethal dose, tetanus toxin, 72-73 M i n i m u m saturation dose, tetanus toxin
assay and, 73 Mink, botulism in, 3, 5, 6 Monkey
dysentery toxin susceptibility to, 257 tetanus toxin and, 7 1 , 72
Monocytes, CI. perfringens /3-toxin and, 173, 174
Monocytosis-producing agent, 358 extraction of, 3 5 9
Mortality enhancing factor, extraction of, 359
Mouse
B. pertussis toxin and, 273
botulinum toxin identification and, 61 cholera lethal toxin and, 233, 2 3 4 CI. perfringens toxin assay and, 183 dysentery toxin, susceptibility to, 257,
265
histamine sensitivity, 284-285 S. typhimurium neurotoxin, 312
induced resistance to, 316-318 tetanus toxin and, 70, 7 1 , 72-74, 85-86 Mucinase
cholera cultures and, 2 2 4 cholera toxins and, 2 0 9 - 2 1 0
Mucopolysaccharides, hyaluronidase and, 130, 131
Multimembrane electrodecantation, tetanus toxin and, 77
Muscle
CI. perfringens toxin and, 176 tetanus toxin and, 9 7 - 1 0 2
Myoneural junction, botulinum toxin and,
45, 46-47 N Necrosis
B. pertussis heat-labile toxin and, 2 7 3 , 274, 276, 277
CI. perfringens toxin and, 139, 140, 174, 175
Listeria culture filtrate and, 360 Necrotic enteritis, CI. perfringens toxins
and, 163, 180-182
N e r v e ( s ) , tetanus toxin spread in body and, 9 3 - 9 4
Nervous system
B. pertussis toxin and, 2 7 9 - 2 8 0 dysentery toxin and, 2 6 3 - 2 6 4 tetanus toxin injection into, 72 Nervous tissue, tetanus toxin fixation by,
87-88 Neuraminidase
cholera cultures and, 2 2 4 CI. perfringens toxin, 111, 169 Neuromuscular junction
strychnine and, 95
tetanus toxin and, 9 9 , 100-101, 102 Nitrous acid, botulinum toxin and, 39 Norway, botulism in, 3, 6
Nucleic acid, tetanus toxin and, 78 Nucleoprotein, tetanus toxin and, 77
O
Oligosaccharide, gangliosides and, 89 Ornithine carbamyltransferase
plasma, Listeria hemolysin and, 3 6 6 Ouabain, cholera toxin effects and, 246 Ouchterlony gel diffusion, botulinum
toxin and, 20-21, 23, 3 1 , 32, 35, 4 2 Overeating disease, CI. perfringens toxin
and, 182 O x y g e n
^-hemolysin and, 128 Listeria hemolysin and, 362
o-Oxyquinoline, CI. perfringens toxin and, 143
P
Papain, botulinum toxin and, 37 Paralysis
botulism and, 2, 5, 4 5 , 9 9 dysentery toxin and, 256, 2 6 3 - 2 6 4
E. coli exotoxin and, 302, 3 2 1 , 328 Proteus neurotoxin and, 338, 3 4 4 S. typhimurium neurotoxin and, 312 tetanus toxin and, 71, 73, 85-86, 9 2 ,
99-1Q0
Parasympathetic motor end plates, botu
linum toxin and, 45 Penicillin, tetanus toxin and, 85 Pepsin, botulinum toxin and, 18, 20, 35,
37, 56-57
Peptidase, tetanus toxin production and, 83
P e p t i d e ( s ) , CI. perfringens toxin production and, 114, 167
Peptone, CI perfringens toxoid and, 144 Periodate, histamine-sensitizing factor and,
283
Permeability factor absorption of, 220 antigenicity, 2 2 7 - 2 3 3 , 2 4 3
cholera enterotoxin and, 210, 212, 213, 249
dose-response curves, 2 2 2 , 2 2 3 immunization to, 230
lesions, histology of, 226-227 lethal toxin and, 226
methods and measurement, 2 1 8 - 2 2 4 neutralization of, 217
other cholera toxins and, 237-241 preparation and properties, 224-227 p H
botulinum toxin destruction and, 55 botulinum toxin production and, 9 CI. perfringens toxin production and,
167-168
Phagocytes, Listeria hemolysin and, 3 6 3 , 364-366
Phagocytosis
botulinum toxin and, 60-61 CI. perfringens toxin and, 111-112 Pheasant, botulism epidemic in, 59 o-Phenanthroline, lecithinase and, 125,
141
Phenolic groups, botulinum toxin and, 39-40
Phenol red
marker, cholera enterotoxin and, 2 0 6 Phosphatidylcholine, CI. perfringens
lecithinase and, 121
Phosphatidylethanolamine, lecithinase and, 123, 126, 127
Phosphatidylserine, lecithinase and, 123, 126
Phospholipase, see also Lecithinase Listeria hemolysin and, 363
Photooxidation, botulinum toxin and, 20-21, 40-41
Pig-bel, CI. perfringens toxin and, 180- 181
Pigeon, tetanus toxin and, 70, 7 1 , 72 Piglets, enterotoxemia of, 180 Plasma
electrolytes, cholera and, 193
Pneumococcus polysaccharide, botulinum toxoid response and, 5 4
Polymerization, tetanus toxin, 79, 81-82, 103
Polysaccharide
S. typhimurium neurotoxin and, 307 toxic, extraction from Listeria, 359 Polyvinylpyrrolidone, passage in cholera
stools, 195, 2 0 4 Pontamine Sky Blue
cholera lethal toxin and, 233
permeability factor assay and, 2 1 8 - 2 2 0 Potassium
intoxication, Listeria hemolysin and, 372, 375
Potassium ferricyanide, lecithinase and, 124
Potassium phosphate, tetanus toxin puri
fication and, 78
Potentiation, tetanus toxin a n d , 71 Preservatives, B. pertussis toxin and, 276 Prone thalol, histamine sensitivity and,
288-289
/3-Propiolactone, CI. perfringens toxin and, 144
Propranolol, histamine sensitivity and, 288-289
Propylene glycol, histamine sensitivity and, 286
Protagon, tetanus toxin and, 88, 90 Protective antigen, B. pertussis and, 2 7 9 Protein
Listeria toxic effects of, 3 5 9
Proteus neurotoxin and, 3 4 1 , 3 4 3 , 3 4 4 synthesis, cholera toxin and, 2 4 5 - 2 4 6 Proteinase
cholera cultures and, 224, 2 2 5 CL perfringens toxin, 111, 134-135,
160, 176
S U B J E C T I N D E X 4 0 9
histamine-sensitizing factor and, 283 Proteus mirabilis, infections, 3 5 4 Proteus mirabilis endotoxin
c o m m o n nature with neurotoxin, 3 5 1 - 353
i m m u n e sera, neurotoxins and, 346-351 Proteus mirabilis neurotoxin (s)
bactericidal effect, 3 4 5 - 3 4 6 chemical composition, 341 chromatography of, 341-342 cytopathogenic effect, 345 electrophoresis of, 3 4 3 - 3 4 4 endotoxin and, 3 5 0 - 3 5 3
i m m u n e sera and toxic preparations, 3 4 6 - 3 4 9
pathogenesis, 3 5 3 - 3 5 4 production of, 3 3 9 - 3 4 0 purification of, 3 4 0 stable L forms and, 3 5 0 thermolability of, 339 toxicity of, 3 3 8 - 3 3 9
Protoxin, tetanus toxin and, 85 Pseudomonas pyocyanea,
urinary, neurotoxin from, 326, 328, 3 3 0 Proteus vulgaris, 3 0 4
neurotoxin from, 326, 328, 330 Purine (s)
metabolism, listeriosis and, 358
R Rabbit
B. pertussis toxin and, 2 7 3 , 2 7 4 dysentery toxin, susceptibility, 257,
263-265
ligated intestinal segment, cholera enterotoxin and, 199-204
S. typhimurium neurotoxin and, 312 suckling, cholera enterotoxin and, 206-
210
susceptibility to permeability factor, 2 2 1 , 223
tetanus toxin and, 70, 7 1 , 72, 98, 100 Radiation, lecithinase a n d , 123
Rat
cholera enterotoxin and, 210-211 dysentery toxin, susceptibility, 257, 265 foot pad, permeability factor and, 2 2 3 -
224, 246
R e d o x potential, CI. perfringens toxin production and, 113
Reflexes
strychnine and, 9 4 - 9 6 tetanus toxin a n d , 9 6 , 97
Respiratory center, B. pertussis toxin and, 280
Reticuloendothelial system Listeria hemolysin a n d , 3 7 4 serotonin sensitivity and, 287, 288 Ribonucleic acid, botulinum toxin a n d ,
13-14, 16, 34, 36
S Salmonella berlin, 3 0 4 Salmonella minnesota
mutant, toxicity and, 343
Salmonella typhi, cytotoxic substance from, 315
Salmonella typhimurium neurotoxin bactericidal activity, 315-316 cytopathogenicity, 313-315 factors affecting
formaldehyde, 308 iron, 308
refrigeration, 3 0 8 - 3 0 9 temperature, 3 0 7 - 3 0 8 induced resistance to, 3 1 6 - 3 1 8 isolation
culture m e d i u m , 306 method, 305 toxin yield, 306-307 purification of, 3 1 8 - 3 2 0 serological specificity, 309-312 toxicity of, 312
Salmonella typhosa toxin, nervous symp
toms and, 3 0 4 Salmonella weslaco, 3 0 4 Sanitation, cholera and, 251 Sausage, botulism and, 4 S e p h a d e x
botulinum toxin and, 20, 23, 24, 26, 3 4 collagenase and, 133
deoxyribonuclease and, 137
dysentery toxin purification and, 2 6 0 lecithinase and, 123
tetanus toxin and, 78, 79
Sephadex G-25, S. typhimurium neuro
toxin and, 3 1 8 - 3 1 9
Sephadex G-75, choleragen and, 2 1 0 Sephadex G - 2 0 0
cholera enterotoxin and, 2 0 2 , 209, 2 1 0
S. typhimurium neurotoxin and, 319 S e p h a d e x - Q A E , cholera toxins and, 239 Serotonin
botulinum toxin and, 48-49 gangliosides and, 90
histamine-sensitizing factor and, 280, 284-285, 290
Sheep
enterotoxemia of, 179-180, 182 tetanus toxin and, 71
Shigella boydii, toxic substance from, 3 1 4 Shigella dysenteriae toxin, 255-256, 3 0 4
immunology of, 266-267 mode of action, 263-266 nature of, 260
pathogenesis, 267-268 production and purification
extraction, 2 5 8 - 2 5 9
growth of the organism, 257-258 purification, 2 5 9 - 2 6 0
synthesis of, 260-262 toxicity of, 256-257
Shigella flexneri, toxic substance from, 3 1 4
Shigella sonnei, toxic substance from, 314 Shock
hypovolemic, cholera and, 189, 192, 247
Sialic acid, tetanus toxin fixation and, 90-91
Snake venom, lecithinase of, 121 Sodium
transport, cholera and, 194, 242 Sodium acetate, botulinum toxin and, 12 S o d i u m chloride
botulinum toxin and, 12, 13, 58 histamine-sensitizing factor and, 283,
290
tetanus toxin extraction by, 78-79 Sodium dodecyl sulfate
CI. perfringens lecithinase and, 122 histamine-sensitizing factor and, 283 Sodium hexametaphosphate,
CI. perfringens toxin and, 119 South America, botulism in, 6 Soviet U n i o n , botulism in, 3, 6 Species, tetanus toxin toxicity and, 70-71 Sphingomyelin
lecithinase and, 126
occurrence in erythrocytes, 126 Spinal cord, tetanus toxin and, 88, 9 3 - 9 4
Spleen, B. pertussis toxin and, 277, 278, 292
Spores, lecithinase in, 116 Sporulation, toxigenicity and, 60 Staphylococcus toxin, nervous tissue and,
87
Starch, CI. perfringens toxin production and, 113, 167
Sterne albifrons antillarum, botulism in, 51
Stool
composition, cholera and, 192-193, 195, 248
Streptolysin O, heart and, 374-375 Stress, histamine sensitivity and, 286, 290 Struck, CI. perfringens toxin and, 179-180 Strychnine
gangliosides and, 9 0 tetanus toxin and, 94-96
Succinoxidase, CI. perfringens toxin and, 141-142
Sucrose, B. pertussis toxin and, 276 Sulfhydryl groups
CL perfringens lecithinase and, 124 CL perfringens 0 toxin and, 173 tetanus toxin, 79
Sunlight, botulinum toxin and, 55 Sweden, botulism in, 3, 6
Sympathetic nervous system, tetanus and, 102
Synaptic ganglia, botulinum toxin and, 45
Synaptosomes, tetanus toxin and, 88
T Temperature, see also H e a t
botulinum toxin production and, 9 E. coli neurotoxin and, 321-322 permeability factor production and,
224-225
Proteus neurotoxin and, 3 3 9 S. typhimurium neurotoxin and, 307-
308
Testis, B. pertussis toxin and, 277 Tetanus, see also CL tetani therapy of,
102, 105
Tetanus neonatorum, prevention of, 104 Theophylline, chloride ion m o v e m e n t and,
246
Thioacetate, ^-hemolysin and, 129
S U B J E C T I N D E X 411 Thioglycollate
^-hemolysin and, 129 lecithinase and, 123, 124
Thiourea, histamine-sensitizing factor ex
traction and, 281
Thymus, B. pertussis vaccine and, 292 Tissue culture cells
B. pertussis toxin and, 2 7 3 , 277 dysentery toxin and, 265-266 S. typhimurium neurotoxin and, 3 1 3 -
315
a-Toxin, see Lecithinase Toxoid
B. pertussis toxin and, 276, 278, 279 botulinum toxin, 52
cholera enterotoxin and, 210 CI. perfringens toxins and, 177-178 dysentery toxin and, 267
lethal toxin and, 2 3 4 permeability factor, 227-228
antitoxin titration and, 230 immunization to, 231-232 unit of, 231
tetanus toxin and, 70, 78, 103 Trichloroacetic acid, S. typhimurium
neurotoxin and, 305 Trypsin
B. pertussis toxin a n d , 275, 276 botulinum toxin and, 14-15, 25, 33, 34-
36, 37, 56-57
CI. perfringens toxins and, 164-165, 171-172, 178
lecithinase and, 135 Listeria hemolysin and, 361 tetanus toxin and, 103 Tryptophan
botulinum toxin production, 8, 4 3 , 59 toxicity, 38-39, 4 1 - 4 5 , 4 8
CI. perfringens toxin production and, 113
Turtle, tetanus toxin and, 87
U Ultracentrifugation
botulinum toxin and, 16, 18, 19, 22, 25, 3 1 , 33-34, 35, 36
CI. perfringens toxin, 119 collagenase and, 133
tetanus toxin, 75, 77-78, 79, 81-82, 103
U n i t e d States, botulism in, 3, 6 U r e a
b o t u l i n u m toxin and, 43 lecithinase and, 124 t e t a n u s toxin and, 79 Urease, Clostridia and, 161 Urine
Proteus n e u r o t o x i n s in, 354
thermolabile neurotoxins in, 3 2 7 - 3 3 3
V
Vaccines B. pertussis
histamine sensitivity and, 284, 285, 286
toxoid and, 279
cholera, 215, 216, 232, 250-251 Valine, CI. perfringens toxin production
a n d , 113 Vascular permeability
CI. perfringens toxin and, 138-139, 140, 175, 178, 183
histamine-sensitizing factor and, 2 9 3 - 2 9 4
Vascular permeability factor, see Perme
ability factor
Vascular system, dysentery toxin and, 2 6 3 - 2 6 4
Vibrio cholerae, see also Cholera lethal toxin of, 2 3 3 - 2 3 4
lipase-stimulating factor, 2 3 5 - 2 3 6 strains, permeability factor production
by, 224-225 Vibrio cholerae t o x i n( s )
assay of, 191
effect, route of administration and, 190 enterotoxin
absorption of, 2 4 3 - 2 4 4 antigenicity, 214-218 canine model, 2 1 1 - 2 1 4 lethal toxin and, 2 3 4
ligated intestinal segment model, 199-204
perfused intestinal segment and, 2 0 4 - 206
preparation and properties, 2 0 1 - 2 0 3 , 2 0 8 - 2 1 0
rat model, 210-211 relationships, 236-241
suckling rabbit model, 2 0 6 - 2 1 0
functional derangements, hypotheses concerning, 240-241
general, 196-199 h u m a n and, 247-251 kinds of, 196-199 mode of action, 242-247
Vibriocidal antibody inhibitor, production of, 209
Virulence, hyaluronidase and, 132 Vitamins
CL perfringens toxin production and, 114
requirement by CL botulinum, 8, 10
W
Water, botulinum toxin and, 5 6
W h o o p i n g cough, see also Bordetella pertussis
causative agent, 2 7 1 , 2 7 8
histamine-sensitizing factor and, 290 pathogenesis, 279
Z Zinc
CL perfringens toxin production and, 114, 125
lecithinase and, 122, 125-126, 127 Zinc acetate, histamine-sensitizing factor
and, 281
Zinc gel, botulinum toxin and, 25
