5 EDUCATIONAL AREAS
5.8 HUMANS AND HEALTH
5.8.2 PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Educational content of the educational field Stage 1
Expected outcomes – Period 1 pupils will
associate regular daily physical exercise with their health and make use of available opportunities
on the basis of individual abilities, manage simple physical activities as individuals and as a group and work to improve their skills
cooperate in simple team-based physical activities and competitions
apply the fundamental basics of hygiene and safety during physical activities in familiar school spaces
respond to basic commands and instructions related to acquired activities and the organization of these activities
Expected outcomes – Period 2 pupils will
participate in establishing a regular physical exercise regimen; make use of conditioning activities; demonstrate the appropriate level of independence and desire to improve their level of fitness
include corrective exercises into their physical exercise regimen, especially in relation to repetitive strain or weakened muscles
based on their individual abilities, manage their acquired physical skills; come up with variants of learned physical games
apply rules of hygiene and safe conduct in regular sporting environments; respond appropriately to other pupils’ injuries
perform a simple assessment of the quality of other pupil’s physical activities and respond to instructions for performing physical activities
act in the spirit of fair play: follow rules of games and competitions, recognize and name obvious violations of rules and react accordingly; respect the other sex during physical activities
during physical activities, make use of basic terminology which they have learned; exercise on the basis of simple drawings or descriptions of the exercise
organize non-demanding physical activities and competitions at the class level
measure basic physical performance and compare it with previous results
be familiar with sources of information on physical activities and sports events at school and in their community; independently seek out the required information
Subject matter
ACTIVITIES AFFECTING HEALTH
the importance of physical exercise for health – pupils’ exercise regimen, length and intensity of exercise
physical preparation – pre-exercise preparations, relaxing after physical exertion, tension exercises and stretching exercises
health-oriented activities – proper body posture, proper lifting of heavy loads; basic, compensational, relaxation and other health-related activities and their practical application
developing various forms of speed, endurance, strength, flexibility, coordination
proper health habits during physical education – healthy habits for physical activities and the exercise environment, proper clothing and footwear for physical exercise
safety during physical activities – organization and safety of exercise space, safety in dressing and shower rooms, safe preparation and storage of gym apparatus, equipment and aids, first aid during physical education
ACTIVITIES AFFECTING THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL SKILLS
movement games – with various objectives; non-traditional movement games and activities;
exercise using toys and non-traditional equipment; creative movement
basic gymnastics – basic exercises, acrobatics, exercises using gym apparatus and on equipment of appropriate size and weight
rhythmic and conditioning exercises for children – conditioning exercises with music or rhythmic accompaniment, fundamentals of aesthetic movement, expressing melody and rhythm through movement, simple dancing
basic grappling techniques – pulling, pushing
basics of athletics – sprints, motivated long-distance running, long jump or high jump, ball throwing
fundamentals of sports games – using balls, bats or other sports equipment of appropriate size and weight, individual sporting activities, teamwork, basic games, matches using simplified minisport rules
hiking and nature – field trips, proper conduct in transport vehicles, hiking, camping, nature preservation
swimming – (basic swimming instruction) healthy habits for swimming, acclimation to the water environment, basic swimming skills, one swimming style (technique), elements of self-preservation and helping a drowning person
skiing, ice skating (depending on schools’ possibilities) – games on snow and ice, fundamental techniques of movement on skis and ice skates
other physical activities (depending on schools’ possibilities and pupils’ interest) ACTIVITIES PROMOTING PHYSICAL LEARNING
communication during physical education – basic physical-education terminology for acquired activities in physical education, common instructions, signals
organization during physical education – basic organization of space and activities in a familiar (everyday) environment
rules of conduct – fair play, Olympic ideals and symbols
rules of simplified acquired physical activities – games, races, competitions
measuring and evaluating physical skills – measuring performance, basic physical tests
sources of information on physical activities Stage 2
ACTIVITIES AFFECTING HEALTH Expected outcomes
pupils will
actively participate in organizing their personal physical exercise regimen and regularly practice certain physical activities with a specific goal in mind
strive to improve their physical fitness; choose a suitable exercise programme from the available offer
independently prepare for physical activity and complete exercise in harmony with the main activity – strained muscles
refuse drugs and other harmful substances as not compatible with sporting ethics and health; adapt their physical activities in response to data on air pollution
behave properly and safely even in less familiar environments – sports field, nature, traffic;
predict any possible sources of injury and adapt activities accordingly
Subject matter
the importance of physical exercise for health – recreational and performance-based sport, boys’ and girls’ sports
health-related fitness – developing health-related fitness, conditioning programmes, working with weight
prevention and correction of repetitive strain and muscular disbalance – basic, compensational, balancing, relaxation and other health-related activities
health habits and safety during physical education – in unusual environments, first aid during physical education and sports in various environments and weather conditions, improvised treatment of injuries and transport of the injured
ACTIVITIES INFLUENCING THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL SKILLS Expected outcomes
pupils will
based on their individual abilities, manage the acquired physical skills and creatively apply them during games, competitions and recreational activities
evaluate their performance of acquired physical skills, identify obvious insufficiencies and determine possible causes
Subject matter
movement games – with diverse orientation; non-traditional movement games and activities
gymnastics – acrobatics, vaults, exercises with gym apparatus and on equipment
aesthetic and conditioning exercises with music and rhythmic accompaniment – fundamentals of rhythmic gymnastics, exercises with gym apparatus; age-appropriate conditioning exercises; dance
grappling techniques – fundamentals of self-defence, fundamentals of aikido, judo, karate
athletics – sprints, long-distance running on a track and cross-country, fundamentals of hurdles, long jump or high jump, ball or grenade throwing, shot-put
sports (at least two sports as chosen by the school) – individual sporting activities, combinations of sports, sport systems, matches using rules for pupils
hiking and nature – preparing an outdoor event, field trips and following road safety regulations as pedestrians and cyclists, hiking with a backpack and in slightly challenging terrain, camping, nature preservation, fundamentals of orienteering races, documenting hiking events
swimming (depending on schools’ possibilities – advanced swim instruction; if basic swim instruction is lacking, this must be preceded by acclimation to the water environment, basic swimming skills) – additional swimming skills, additional swimming styles (techniques), life-saving and defensive swimming, elements of swimming for health and for sport, developing endurance
skiing, snowboarding, ice-skating (depending on schools’ possibilities) – cross-country skiing, ski hiking, downhill skiing or snowboarding, safety in mountainous winter landscapes, riding a ski lift; (other winter sports depending on schools’ possibilities)
other (including non-traditional) physical activities (depending on schools’ possibilities and pupils’ interest)
ACTIVITIES PROMOTING PHYSICAL LEARNING Expected outcomes
pupils will
apply acquired terminology as players, referees, viewers, newspaper and magazine readers, internet users
observe basic Olympic ideals within the school environment – fair play, helping the disabled,
respect for the opposite sex, nature preservation during sport
agree on and observe rules for cooperation and tactics leading towards their team’s success
identify and observe rules and obligations arising from their role as player, referee, viewer, and organizer
observe specific elements of physical activity and performance and record and evaluate them
organize simple tournaments, races and hiking events at the school level independently and as part of a team; participate in judging games and competitions
evaluate data and information on physical activities and participate in its presentation Subject matter
communication during physical education – basic terminology for acquired physical education activities; common instructions, signals, gestures, signs, fundamentals of graphic recording of physical activities, communication and cooperation during physical activities
organizing space and physical activities – in non-standard conditions; sporting equipment and accessories – selection, care
history and present-day of sports – important competitions and athletes, Olympism – the Olympic Charter
rules of acquired physical activities – games, races, competitions
rules of conduct in different environments and during different activities
measuring performance and evaluating physical skills – measurement, record-keeping, evaluation
REMEDIAL PHYSICAL EDUCATION (certain elements of RPE are applied during mandatory physical education; as a comprehensive system, RPE is available to pupils in health category III (II) during independent instructional time – see description of the educational area “Humans and Health”
and notes to the framework education plan).
Stage 1
Expected outcomes – Period 1 pupils will
apply proper posture in various positions and during various working activities; adopt proper basic exercise positions
manage simple special exercises targeted at their impairments Expected outcomes – Period 2
pupils will
include special exercises for balancing their impairments into their regular exercise regimen, with the optimum number of repetitions
manage basic special exercise techniques; adjust their exercise technique by observing themselves in the mirror and on the basis of their teacher’s instructions
independently identify activities (environments) which are incompatible with their impairments
Subject matter
ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION ENCOURAGING THE CORRECTION OF HEALTH IMPAIRMENTS
health impairments – the pupil’s specific health impairment, prevention, exercise regimen, appropriate clothing and footwear for PHE, fundamentals of proper body posture, breathing exercises, being aware of feelings and sensations during exercise, inappropriate exercise and activities (counterindicative of the health impairments)
SPECIAL EXERCISES
fundamentals of special exercises – basic exercise positions, basic exercise technique, collection of special exercises for independent exercise
In view of the integrated systém of special exercises, which is identical for Stages 1 and 2, the subject matter is formulated only for Stage 2, under the assumption that it will be applied during the pupil’s entire basic education.
MULTIFACETED DEVELOPMENTAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
physical activities related to the content of physical education – with a view towards the specific type and level of impairment
Stage 2
Expected outcomes pupils will
apply an appropriate level of persistence and determination to correcting health impairments
independently include special exercises for balancing their impairments into their regular exercise regimen, with optimum practice
actively avoid activities which are counterindicative of their health impairments Subject matter
ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION ENCOURAGING THE CORRECTION OF HEALTH IMPAIRMENTS
basic types of impairment; their causes and possible implications – basic terminology of acquired activities, prevention and correction of impairments, daily regimen in relation to health impairment, focusing on exercise, consciously controlling exercise, inappropriate exercise and activities (counterindicative of health impairment)
SPECIAL EXERCISES
impairment of skeletomuscular system (A) – disorders in muscular function (A1); spinal disorders – lordosis and kyphosis (A2) and scoliosis (A3); anatomical disorders of the lower limbs (A4): local and overall relaxation; proper posture of head, pectoral girdle, pelvis, knees;
stretching the chest and lumbar muscles, hamstrings and hip flexors; strengthening the
musculature of the neck, upper back (rhomboids), abdomen, buttocks, thighs and calves, spinal extensors; increased joint flexibility and range of motion; relaxing the spine; rotational
exercises; proper breathing
impairment of internal organs (B) – impairment of circulatory and respiratory system (B1);
endocrine system impairment (B2); obesity (B3); other impairments of internal organs (B4):
(excluding exercises from group A) develop main and secondary respiratory muscles;
abdominal and chest breathing during increased strain; adapting to increased strain; exercising coordination and balance
impairment of sensory and nerve functions (C) – impaired vision (C1); impaired hearing (C2); neurological impairments (C3): (excluding exercises from group A) adapting the cardiovascular and breathing system; coordinating movement; balanced positions; developing auditory, visual and tactile perception of rhythm; exercising to musical accompaniment; spatial orientation; visual localization, speed of visual perception
MULTIFACETED DEVELOPMENTAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
physical activities related to the contents of physical education – with a view towards the specific type and level of impairment