GEOGRAPHY

inanimate nature

Subject matter

 empirical methods of exploring nature – observation via magnifying glass and microscope (or telescope), simple identification keys and atlases, starting a herbarium and collection, examples of trapping certain animals, simple classification of plants and animals

 important biologists and their discoveries

Subject matter

 the Earth as a celestial body – the shape, size and motion of the Earth, alternation of day and night, changing seasons, Universal Time, time zones, local time, International Date Line, conventional time

 landscape – biosphere, society and economy, natural elements

 the biosphere on the global level – geographical belts, latitudinal zones, altitudinal zones

 the biosphere on the regional level – natural regions

REGIONS OF THE WORLD Expected outcomes

pupils will

 learn basic natural and social phenomena as criteria for defining, delineating and locating regions of the world

 locate continents, oceans and macroregions on a map according to selected criteria, compare their positions, cores of development and peripheral zones

 compare and adequately assess the location, area, natural, cultural, social, political and economic relations, traits and parallels, and the potential and boundaries of the individual continents, oceans, selected macroregions and selected (example) states

 reflect on the changes that have occurred, are occurring and may occur in selected regions of the world, as well as the causes of fundamental changes

Subject matter

 continents, oceans, world macroregions – defining and comparative criteria; their

characteristics from the viewpoint of natural and socio-economic relations, with an emphasis on relationships and contexts (nature, climate, settlement, language, religion, culture)

 model regions of the world – selected examples of natural, social, political, economic and environmental issues and possible solutions

THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Expected outcomes

pupils will

 at the appropriate level, assess the spatial organization, distribution, structure, growth, movement and growth dynamics of the world population and, using selected examples, appraise the mosaic of the multicultural world

 analyse how natural conditions relate to the functioning of human settlements, name the basic general geographical traits of settlements

 properly assess the structure, composition and functioning of the global economy and locate the main sources of raw materials and energy resources on a map

 compare the prerequisites and main factors for the territorial distribution of economic activities

 compare the countries of the world and associations of countries on the basis of similarities and differences

 on maps of the individual continents, identify the main areas of current geopolitical changes and political problems in specific regions of the world

Subject matter

 world population – basic quantitative and qualitative geographic, demographic, economic and cultural characteristics

 social, political and economic processes of globalisation – current social, settlement, political and economic relations within the world, settlement systems, urbanization, suburbanization

 the global economy – economic structure (sectors, industries), territorial division of labour, indicators of economic development and standard of living

 regional social, political and economic systems – comparative criteria: nation-states and multiethnic states, parts of states, administrative areas, regions, towns, agglomerations; main and peripheral economic regions of the world; political, security and economic groupings (associations) of states; geopolitical processes, main centres of world conflict

THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Expected outcomes

pupils will

 compare various landscapes as a part of the terrestrial landscape and, using concrete examples, identify specific traits and functions of landscapes

 identify specific examples of natural and cultural landscape elements and the spatial distribution of main ecosystems (biomes)

 using selected examples, identify important impacts and risks of natural and social impacts on the environment

Subject matter

 landscape – natural and social environment, types of landscape

 the relationship between nature and society – sustainable living and development,

fundamental principles of nature preservation and environmental protection, protected natural areas, global ecological and environmental issues

THE CZECH REPUBLIC Expected outcomes pupils will

 define and locate the region in which they live or go to school

 assess, at the appropriate level, natural, economic and cultural relations within the local region, possibilities for further development, appropriately analyse relations between the region and higher territorial categories

 assess and compare, at the appropriate level, the location, natural conditions and resources, and the human and economic potential of the Czech Republic within the European and global context

 on a map, locate the regions of the Czech Republic as well as core and peripheral settlement regions and areas of economic activity

 give examples of the Czech Republic’s participation and involvement in international and supratational institutions, organizations and associations of states

Subject matter

 the local region – geographical location, criteria used for defining the local region, relations with surrounding regions, basic natural and socio-economic characteristics with an emphasis on specific traits important for the region’s further development (potential vs. barriers)

 the Czech Republic – geographical location, area, terrain segmentation, natural conditions and resources; population: fundamental geographic, demographic and economic

characteristics, settlement pattern; distribution of economic activities, economic structure (sectors and industries); transformation society, political and economic processes and their territorial impacts; economic and political standing of the Czech Republic in Europe and the world, role in international division of labour and trade

 regions of the Czech Republic – local and regional administrative and self-administering units, regional divisions, local region, cross-border cooperation with neighbouring states within Euroregions

GEOGRAPHICAL FIELDWORK, PRACTICE AND APPLICATION Expected outcomes

pupils will

 master the basics of practical topography and orientation in the field

 apply practical approaches in the field for the observation, depiction and assessment of the landscape

 observe fundamental safety rules for being in the open nature Subject matter

 field exercises in and observations of the local landscape, geographical field trips – orientation points, phenomena, tools and aids; location, determining primary and secondary cardinal directions, navigation using maps and the azimuth, estimating distance and height of objects in the field; simple panoramic sketches of the landscape, location diagrams,

diagrammatic sketch of route, evaluation of natural phenomena and indicators

 human safety in case of threats to life and health – natural disasters; measures, conduct during natural disasters using example situations