Leishmaniasis, aromatic diamidines and, 294
Lethal synthesis, fluoro compounds and, 405
Leuconostoc mesenteroides potassium requirements of, 316 sparing action of ions and, 313 Leukemia
acute, 175 chronic, 175
6 mercaptopurine and, 16 thiadiazole and, 14 Leukemia L 1210, 165, 177 Leukemia Ρ 1534, 178 Leukeran, 165 Lewisite, 481
BAL and effects of, 110 BAL complex, stability of, 111 comparative effect on enzymes, 112 cysteine complex, stability of, 111 glutathione complex, stability of, 111 hydrolytic enzymes and, 106
inhibitory action of, 106 reversal by dithiols, 108 reversal by thiols, 107 hexokinase and, 104 pyruvate oxidation and, 103
dithiols and, 109 Light
catalase inactivation and, 336 chlorophyll excitation and, 568 nitrification and, 619
Light absorption hemoproteins and, 387 Light scattering
dimerization of mercaptalbumin and, 135
mercaptide formation and, 139 Lipase, 442
arsenicals and, 106 organophosphates and, 229 Lipids
detergents and, 444
polymyxin complexing and, 38 Lipoic acid
arsenicals and, 110, 289 cyclic thioarsenites from, 111
specific inhibition of nitrogen fixation, 609
Lipoic acid dehydrogenase copper and, 367
Lipoprotein, occurrence in gram negative cell walls, 32
Lipoprotein lipase, 450, 451, 456, 457
^-Lipoproteins, 441, 465
Lithium, plant growth and, 342, 343 Luminal, 520
potassium stimulated respiration and, 523
Lymphocytic leukemia, 165 Lymphosarcoma, 165 Lymphosarcoma 6C3HED
6-aminonicotinamide inhibition of, 10 Lysine
cell wall synthesis and, 33, 35
occurrence in mucopolysaccharides, 32 oxidation of, 389
release from cell, 37 tyrocidin and, 37 Lysis
antibiotics and, 30 Lysozyme
bacterial protoplasts and, 32 cell wall structure and, 35 effect on cytochrome oxidase, 456 inhibition by polyanions, 450-453 inhibition by ribonucleates, 455 mercury complex of, 125 phage blockage and, 464 reversible dissociation of, 459 suramin and, 293
Macroanionic enzyme inhibition, 449, 454 Macroanionic inhibition, 456
Macrocationic enzyme activation, 459 Macrocationic inhibition, 456
Macromolecular polyanionic inhibitors, classification of, 449
Macromolecular polyanions, 448, 463 Magnesium
citrate and requirements for, 318 enzyme activity and
alternative metals for, 364-367 competitive effects of divalent ions
and, 370
relative effects of, 369 growth of A. niger and, 316 growth of microorganisms and, 313 growth medium requirements for, 318
Magnesium—continued ion antagonism and, 317 narcosis and, 520
phosphoglucomutase and, 377 phosphoribulokinase and, 563 phosphorylation and, 363 reactivation of enzymes by, 371 relative effects on enzymes and, 368 ribulosediphosphate carboxylase and,
564
serum levels of, 359
toxicity of manganese and, 359 tryptophan synthetase and, 376 Malaria, quinones and, 145 Malate metabolism
comparative effects of nabam and methylisothiocyanate, 275
Malate synthesis, 490 Malathion
cholinesterase inhibition by, 221 degradation of, 232
toxicity of, 233, 234 Maleic acid, 487
Maleic anhydride-styrene copolymer, 453 Maleic anhydride-vinyl methyl ester co
polymer, 453 Maleic hydrazide
cell division and, 251
growth stimulation by indoleacetic acid and, 249
mechanism of action, 250 site of action, 254 Malic dehydrogenase
6-aminonicotinamide and, 11 arsenicals and, 103
arsenite and, 104 citrate formation and, 11 inhibitors of, 489 radiation and, 643 Malic enzyme
activation by metals, 367
alternative activating metals and, 365 inhibitors of, 490
metal ions and, 368 Malignant melanoma, 171 Malonic acid, 485, 487
Κ i value of, 475, 476, 477 specificity of action, 475 Malonyl tryptophan, 258 Maltase, arsenicals and, 105
Manganese, 529
alkaline pyrophosphatase and, 369 chelation by aureomycin, 324
chelation of, dialkyldithiocarbamates and, 271
chlorophyll synthesis and, 329, 332 nitrogen nutrition and, 333 citrate and requirements for, 318 enzyme activity and
alternative metals for, 364-367 growth of microorganisms and, 313
magnesium and, 318 ion antagonisms and, 317 phosphorylation and, 363 porphyrin synthesis and, 360
protoporphyrin accumulation and, 335 protoporphyrin synthesis and, 336 relative effect on enzymes, 368, 369 toxicity to animals, 359
toxicity to plants, 345
tryptophan synthetase and, 376 Manganicitrate, formation of, 410
Manganipyrophosphate, formation of, 409, 410
Manganiversenate, oxidation of indole acids and, 410
Mannitol
hydrogen production from, 598 myleran derivatives of, 175 Mannose
nitrification and, 620
occurrence in mucopolysaccharides, 32 Mapharsen—see
2-amino-4-arsenosophe-nol
MAO—see monoamine oxidase
Μ CPA—see 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy-acetic acid
Medphalan, 167
Melaminyl arsenicals, trypanosominasis and, 288
Melanin formation, quinones and, 145 Melarsen, action against trypanosomes,
288
Melarsen oxide—see p-(2,4 diaminotria-zinyl-6) aminoarsenosobenzene Melphalan (see also merphalan, medpha
lan), 167
dipeptides of, 170, 172 spermatogenesis and, 178 tetrapeptide of, 171 tripeptides of, 171
Membrane effects of amines, 73 Membranes, brain cell, 522, 530, 533
(see also cell membrane) Menadione
cyclic photophosphorylation and, 585, 587, 588
oxidative enzymes and, 152 structure of, 155
Menadione reductase, 510 Mengo virus, actinomycin and, 42 ΜΕΡΑ, 176
Mercaptalbumin, 125
binding of mercurials and, 128, 129 dimerization with mercury salts, 135 estimation of sulfhydryl groups in, 134 Mercaptide forming agents, 119-140 Mercaptide formation
chemistry of, 127, 128, 129 effects of enzymes on, 125, 140 effect of substrates on, 133 enzyme inactivation and, 39 estimation of, 125
sulfhydryl groups and, 134 kinetics of, 130
metals and, 123
N A D H and protection against, 134 proteins as sulfhydryl compounds and,
131, 132 Mercaptides
dissociation of, 122
enzyme sulfhydryl groups and, 119 estimation of thiols and, 123 mercury complexes and, 124 metal ions and, 121
2-Mercaptoethanol, lewisite complex of, 109
6-Mercaptopurine
dual antagonism and, 176 leukemia and toxicity of, 16
mammary adenocarcinoma and X-rays and, 11
N A D pyrophosphorylase and, 15 N A D synthesis and, 16
response to arsenicals and, 113 tumor inhibition and, 15
6-Mercaptopurine riboside 5'-phosphate 15, 16
6-Mercaptopurine riboside triphosphate N A D pyrophosphorylase and, 15 N A D synthesis and, 15
/3-Mercaptopyruvate-cleaving enzyme, 356
Mercasin, 173 Mercurials
effect on enzymes, 134
glutamic acid dehydrogenase and, 125, 126
inhibition of enzymes and, 131, 132 mercaptide formation and, 127, 128 mercaptide formation with enzymes,
effect of substrates on, 133 protein structure and, 140
reaction rate with sulfhydryl groups, 129 Mercury
adenylic kinase and, 372 arginase and, 374 binding of, 121
binding to proteins, 123
dimerization with mercaptalbumin, 135 estimation of mercaptide formation and,
140
fungicidal action of, 264
ions and mercaptide formation with, 130 mechanisms of fungicidal action, 265 phosphoribulokinase and, 563 plant growth and, 347, 348 protein binding of, 128 reaction with enzymes, 125
reaction with glutamic dehydrogenase, 126
reaction with sulfhydryl groups, 129 sulfhydryl group determination and, 124 toxicity of,
effects of other metals on, 327 toxicity to microorganisms
uptake by spores and, 326 tryptophan synthetase and, 376 Meriquinoid amines, catalase and, 152 Meristematic activity, auxins and, 245 Merphalan, 167
acetyl derivative of, 169 esters of, 169
formyl derivative of, 169 isomers of, 168, 169 meta isomer of, 168 ortho isomer of, 168 peptides of, 170 reaction with DNA, 167
Mersalyl, mercaptide formation and, 127 Mescaline, 60, 61
Mescaline oxidase, 58 Messenger RNA
characteristics of, 42
Messenger RNA—continued chloramphenicol action and, 43 protein synthesis and, 42
Metal fungicides, cell morphology and, 266 Metalloenzymes
cyanide and, 386
fluoride and, 403, 404, 405 sulfide and, 407, 408
Metallothioneine, cadmium and, 376 Metals
binding of, 120, 121
enzyme inhibition by, 125, 127 fungicidal action of, 264, 266
Metal sulfides, solubility product of, 121 Metamidium, 299
Metanephrine, 88
Methane, mustard derivatives of, 173 Methanesulfonic acid esters, 203 Methemoglobin
anions and, 385 azide and, 396 cyanide and, 386
aldehyde oxidase and, 393 mechanism of combination, 388 pH and, 387
fluoride and, 404 formation of, 550
methylene blue and, 552, 553 oxygen dissociation curve and, 549 oxygen transport and, 550
peroxidase activity of, 406 phenylhydroxylamine and, 551 quinones and, 551
reduction of, 552
relative affinities of cyanide and azide, 397
reviews on, 549
sodium dodecyl sulfate and, 439 sodium nitrite and, 550
state of iron in, 399 Methemoglobinemia, 549-553
chronic, 550 N A D and, 552
oxygen transport and, 550 treatment of, 552, 553 Methemoglobin reductase, 551 Methionine
copper deficiency and, 355 methylation of pectin and, 247 molybdenum toxicity and, 354
reversal of antrycide effects by, 305 synthesis of, 31
a, β - Methyl - Ν - acetyl - D - glucosamini-dine, cell wall synthesis and, 36 α-Methyl amino acids, 81, 82
iV-Methyl-iV-benzyl-2-propynylamine, 73 Methyl bromide, 244
2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, se
lective action of, 245 Methyl gelatin, 456
a-Methyl-3-hydroxyphenylalanine—see cc-methyl m-tyrosine
a-Methyl-5-hydroxytryptophan, 82 a Methyl 3 methoxy 4 hydroxyphe
-nylalanine, 82
2 Methyl 3 methoxy 1 , 4 naphtho -quinone, fungicidal action of, 277 α-Methyl-m-methoxyphenylalanine, 81 2-Methyl-l, 4 naphthoquinone
fungicidal action of, 276
fungitoxicity of, and thiol enzymes, 277 Methyl orange, 446, 447
a-Methyl-m-tyramine, 83
a-Methyl-m-tyrosine, 80, 81, 82, 87 a-Methyl-p-tyrosine, 81
a-Methyl-o-tyrosine, 82 Methyl violet, 488 iV-Methyldithiocarbamate
glucose metabolism and, 275 structural relation to nabam, 274 a-Methyldopa, 80, 81, 87
effects of dopa decarboxylase, 80 in vivo effects of, 81
metabolism of, 83
pharmacological effects of, 83 a-Methyldopamine, 83 Methylene blue
methemoglobinemia and, 552, 553 photophosphorylation and, 581 7-Methylfolic acid, 87
α-Methylglucosidase, arsenicals and, 105 7-Methylguanosinium-9-ribotides, 181 Methylisothiocyanate
mode of action, 275 production of, 274
Methyllapachol, structure of, 155 Methylmercuric nitrate, glyceraldehyde-3
phosphate dehydrogenase and, 123 Methylmercury hydroxide, mercaptide
formation and, 127
Methylmercury iodide
estimation of sulfhydryl groups and, 123 mercaptide formation and, 128 iV'-Methylnicotinamide, alcohol dehydro
genase inhibition and, 126 Methoxytyramine, 69
iV-Methylphenazonium ions, electron transport and, 251
a-Methylphenylalanine, 81, 82
3-Methylpyridylcarbinol, N A D analogues and, 9
O-Methyltransferase, 90