224 Panparnit esterase
O- carbamoyl mustard derivative, 173 occurrence in mucopolysaccharides, 32
oxidation of aromatic diamidines and,
296
phosphorylation of in "aging," 224 purine synthesis and
azaserine effects and, 42 role in acetylcholinesterase, 202 synthesis of sulfanilamide and, 31 Serotonin, 56, 63, 535
effects of α-methyl dopa on level of, 81 metabolism in the central nervous sys
tem, 69
α-methyltryptamine and, 63 tranylcypromine and, 64, 65 Serratia marcescens, 464 Serum albumin, 439, 441, 456
Sesone—see 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyethyl sulfate (sodium)
Sevin
hydrolysis of, 214 resistance to, 219 structure of, 218 toxicity of, 215
Sideramines—see ferrichrome Sideromycins, metal ions and, 47
Silica gel, protection against radiation by, 635
Silicotungstate, 452 Silver
alcohol dehydrogenase and, 126 binding of, 121
combination with dithiols, 373 combination with urease, 125
estimation of sulfhydryl group and, 140 fungal permeability and, 266
fungicidal action of, 264, 265 glutamic dehydrogenase and, 126 mechanisms of enzyme inhibitions by,
371
mercaptides and, 124 protein binding of, 128
toxicity of, effects of other metals on, 327
toxicity to microorganisms, uptake by spores and, 326
tryptophan synthetase and, 376 Simazin
inactivation of, 258 photosynthesis and, 252 Slater factor, 487
Sleeping sickness, 286 SN 5949, 582
N A D H oxidation and, 153 structure of, 155
succinate oxidase and, 154 Soap, 438
Sodium
amino acid patterns in plants and, 343 extraction of enzymes and, 361 fructokinase and, 368
plant growth and, 342
potassium requirements for growth and, 315
relative effects on enzyme activity, 367 Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC),
476
Sodium dithionite, 479
Sodium dodecyl sulfate—see SDS Sodium octyl sulfate, 442
Soil perfusion, nitrification and, 617 Solubility constant, inhibition of enzymes
by metal ions and, 125 Solubility product, 121
metal inhibition of enzymes and, 372 tryptophan synthetase and, 376 Soluble RNA—see transfer RNA South American trypanosomiasis, 286 Spans, 443
Sparing action, inorganic ions and, 313 Spectral shift, mercaptide formation and,
135
Spermatogenesis melphalan and, 178 myleran and, 178
Spermatozoa, detergents and, 445 Spermidine, 57, 59, 61
Spermine, 57, 59, 61 Spermine oxidase, 57, 58, 59 Spinal cord, 522
Spindle formation, mercury and, 348 Spore germination
captan and, 281 glyodin and, 279
hydrogen sulfide production and, 269 metal fungicides and, 265
metal ions and, 325
Stannous chloride, nitrogen fixation and, 608
Staphyhcoccus aureus, 444 oxine and, 320
Stearic acid, oxidation of arsenicals and, 105
Stemphylium sarcinaeforme, toxicity of sulfur and, 328
Steroids
action of pyos and, 37 anesthetic activity of, 534 synthesis of, arsenicals and, 116 Stilbamidine
interaction with nucleic acids, 297 mechanism of action, 298 pyruvate metabolism and, 296 trypanosomiasis and, 294
Stoddard solvent, herbicidal action of, 244 Streptococcus faecalis
chelators and ion requirements of, 318 ion antagonisms and, 315
ion requirements of, 313
Streptomycetes, antibiotic production and, 24
Streptomycin binding of, 39
resistance and, 40 cell membranes and, 38 chelation and, 46 citrate metabolism, 39
excretion of cellular components and, 39 nucleic acid synthesis and, 39
protein synthesis and, 39, 44 pyruvate oxidation and, 45 resistance and, 29
resistance to, 39 respiration and, 40 synthesis of, 25 valine transport and, 39
Strontium, "sparing" action of, 313 Succinate cytochrome c reductase,
qui-nones and, 151 Succinic acid
metabolism of
effects of nabam and methylisothio-cyanate, 275
oxidation of
aromatic diamidines and, 296 arsenicals and, 103
photosynthetic bacteria and, 570 Succinic dehydrogenase, 475-488
acetoacetate reduction and, 485 amytal and, 485
antimycin and, 487
arsenicals and, 103, 104, 481 arsonoacetic acid and, 290 ATP and oxidation of, 485 bicarbonate and, 410
succinate and, 411 calcium and, 479
p-chloromercuribenzoate and, 478 cobalt and, 336
coenzyme Q and, 44
cyanide and, 390, 393, 478, 479 cytochrome and, 518
detergents and, 443
dialkydithiocarbamates and, 271 dyestuffs and, 476
FAD and, 480
ferricyanide and, 475, 476, 480 flavin semiquinone and, 487 fluoride and, 341, 478
phosphate and, 403 hematin and, 480
high oxygen tension and, 480 iodoacetate and, 481 inhibitors of, 474, 475 iron and, 480
malonate and, 475, 487 manganese and, 478 metal ions and, 479
methylene blue and, 475, 479 Michaelis constant of, 475, 476, 477 oligomycin and, 488
oxalacetate and, 482
Succinic dehydrogenase—continued phenazine methosulfate and, 475, 476,
480, 487
phenothiazine methosulfate and, 518 protection by dithionite, 479
protection by malonate, 476 protection by succinate, 479
pyrophosphate and, 476, 477, 482, 487 quinones and, 482
radiation and, 634, 642, 643 sulfhydryl groups and, 476
cyanide and, 392 suramin and, 293 tetrathionate and, 478 uncoupling agents and, 485 urethan and, 520
Succinic semilaldehyde, oxidation of arse-nite and, 103
Succinodehydrase, tyramine and, 61 Succinoxidase
arsenicals and, 103, 104 p-arsenosoaniline and, 106 bicarbonate and
globin and, 411
fungicidal action of sulfur and, 267 quinones and, 151, 153
radiation and, 642
reversal of arsenical effect and, 103 sulfhydryl group in, 102
ubiquinones and, 154
Sulfaethylthiadiazole—see 2-sulfanilamide-5-ethyl-l, 3,4-thiadiazole
Sulfanilamide acetylation of, 534 biochemical effects of, 31
2-Sulf anilamide-5-ethyl-l, 3,4-thiadiazole, 13
Sulfate
cytochrome c reduction and, 409 fumarase and, 380
mercaptide formation and, 130 molybdenum toxicity and, 352, 353
copper interrelation and, 355 oxidation of
molybdenum, and 354 Sulfated hyaluronic acid, 451 Sulfated pectic acid, 455 Sulfated pectic acid amide, 451 Sulfcatalase, 406
reaction with anions, 407
Sulfhydryl group—see thiol group Sulfide
enzyme inhibitions and, 405, 407 hemoproteins and mechanism of action,
407
metal binding and, 121
metalloenzymes and, 406, 407, 408 solubility product of, 125
toxicity of
molybdenum and, 354 Sulfide oxidase
copper and, 355 hypoxanthine and, 357 molybdenum and, 354, 355 Sulfite
oxidation of, 356 nitrogen fixation and, 608
Sulfoglutathione reductase, metal ions and, 372
Sulfonamides, carbonic anhydrase and, 554, 556
Sulfonates
inhibitions by, 446
reactions with albumin, 446 iS-Sulfopropionate, 486 Sulfur
benzylpenicillin synthesis and, 25 fungicidal action of, 266, 267, 328
mechanism of, 269 spore germination and, 326
Sulfur mustards, nucleic acid synthesis and, 5
Suramin (Bayer 205, Naphuride) cytological changes and, 292, 293 dopa decarboxylase and, 87 duration of prophylactic action, 291 enzymes inhibited by, 293
fumarase and, 489 metabolic effects of, 292 pH and effects of, 447
polyanionic inhibitors and, 446, 447, 454 structure of, 291
Surface active agents, 438 Surface inactivation, 460 Surface tension, 438
Surfen C, antagonism to arsenicals and, 291
Symbiosis
nitrogen fixation and, 601 carbon monoxide and, 602
Synthalin, trypanodieal action of, 294 Synthetic polyglucose sulfates, 450 T2 bacteriophage, 464
Tabun, cholinesterase inhibition by, 221 Tabunase, 232
Tartronic acid, 489 Taurocholic acid, 446, 447
TDI—see tetramethylenediisothiocyanate
"Teart", molybdenum deficiency and, 352 Teichoic acids, occurrence in gram
posi-tive cell walls, 32 Tellurium
cytochrome c reduction and, 409 fungitoxicity of, 328
TEM, infertility and, 178
"Tenacity", nabam and, 273 TEPP
cholinesterase inhibition by, 220 classification of esterases and, 229 phosphorylation of chymotrypsin by,
222
selective action of, 225, 226 toxicity of, 234
Teratogenesis, 6-aminonicotinamide and, 10
Terramycin, toxicity of, chelation and, 324 Terregens factor—see ferrichrome Testosterone, tumor inhibition and, 10 Tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone—see chlora
nil
Tetracyclines, chelation and, 46
see also chlortetracycline and oxytetra-cycline
Tetrahydropyrimidines, fungicidal action of, 278
Tetrahydrophthalimide, 281 Tetrahydrothiophene, 185
Tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide, 185 Tetrahymena pyriformis, 511
Tetrametaphosphate, 452, 454 Tetramethylammonium ion, 196
Tetramethylbisdithiocarbamate, glucose metabolism and, 275
Tetramethylenediisothiocyanate, inhibi-tion of growth and respirainhibi-tion by, 274 Tetramethylphosphorodiamidic fluoride,
selective action of, 226
Tetramethylthiuram sulfide bimodal dosage response to, 271 citrate formation and, 272 glucose metabolism and, 275 Tetrathionate, 478
Thallium
toxicity to plants, 349 1,3,4-Thiadiazole
tumor inhibition and, 12 Thiadiazole adenine dinucleotide
synthesis of, 12, 14
Thiazolidine, formation of, in proteins, 395 Thimet, anticholinesterase activity of, 231 Thioacetic acid
lewisite complex of, 109
reaction with arsenosobenzene, 101 Thioarsenite
formation of, 101
formation of, with enzymes, 112 stability of, 111
Thioarsenite-enzyme complex, loss of enzyme activity and, 107
Thiocarbamide, nitrification and, 619 Thiocholine, 203
Thiocyanate
extraction of fibrinokinase and, 361 fumarase and. 380
pH and, 381
metallo-enzymes and, 382
Thioethers, anticholinesterase activity and,231
Thioglycolic acid
reaction with arsenosobenzene, 101 reaction with mercurials, 129 reaction with quinones, 147 Thiol group, 89, 99-115
alkylating agents and, 180, 183 arsenicals and, 101, 102 binding of N A D and, 137
enzyme activity and, 99,102,126,140 anion inhibition and, 392
arsenicals and, 112
protection by substrate, 133 enzyme structure and, 138,140 estimation of, 123, 124, 134, 135 mercaptide formation and, 119, 127,
128, 131, 134