1Hungary in Figures, 2006

(1)

(2)

Population Density, 1 January 2007

Hungary in Figures, 2006

Official denomination Republic of Hungary

Surface area, sq. km 93,030

Population in thousand^a 10,064

Population density, inhabitants per sq. km 108 Distribution of surface by height above sea level, %

Below 200 m 200–400 m Above 400 m

8414 2

The largest latitudinal distance., km 528

The largest longitudinal distance., km 268

Length of state borders, km 2,246

Distribution of nationalities, % Hungarian (96.9) Gipsy (1.9), German (0.6), Slovakian (0.2), Croatian (0.2), other (0.2)

Official language Hungarian

Currency

per 1 Euro (yearly average exchange rate) per 1 USD (yearly average exchange rate)

forint (HUF)

264.27 HUF 210.51 HUF

G eneral characteristics

101 to 415 76 to 100 68 to 75 Number of inhabitants per square km a) Preliminary data of January 1st 2007.

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(3)

The number of births per 1,000 inhabitants reached 9.9, the highest rate of the recent 10 years in Hungary. The number of deaths decreased, neverthe- less it still strongly surpasses that of births. Natural decrease caused a drop of 32 thousand, while international migration resulted in a rise of 19 thousand in the number of inhabitants. In this way, the number of inhabitants was 13 thousand below the level of the previous year.

Population by age-group (at the beginning of the year)

Composition of population

0–14 15–64 65–

a) 1995.

b) 2006.

1990 2001 2007

Million 10

8 6 4 2 0

D ^emography

Males, thousand 4,985 4,851 4,778

Females, thousand 5,390 5,349 5,286

Total, thousand 10,375 10,200 10,064

Number of females per thousand males 1,081 1,103 1,106

Number of foreign citizens residing in Hungary, thousand 138^a 110 164 Of which by nationality, %:

Romanian Ukrainian

Serbian and Montenegrin

50 3 11

38 8 12

43^b 10^b 9^b

1990 2001 2007

at the beginning of the year

(4)

The demographic reason for the rise of number of births in the recent years is that generations of women of child-bearing age over 30 succeeded in counterbalancing the plummeting childbirths of younger generations. The transformation of forms of co-habitation contributed to the fact that the share of births outside marriage rose from 13% in 1990 to 36% in 2006. Infant mortality decreased below 6 thousandths.

Natural decrease Vital statistics

Per thousand inhabitants

Live births Deaths

Natural decrease a) 2005.

1990 1994 1998 2002 2006

16 14 12 10 8 4 2 0

Per thousand inhabitants marriages

divorces live births deaths

6.42.4 12.1 14.0

4.72.3 9.6 13.3

4.42.4 9.9 13.1

Infant mortality (per thousand live-born) 14.8 9.2 5.7

Average life expectancy at birth, year males

females 65.1

73.7 67.1

75.6

68.6^a 76.9^a

Demography

1990 2000 2006

(5)

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500 – 999 1,000 – 1,999 2,000 – 4,999 5,000 – 9,999 10,000 – 49,999 50,000 – 99,999 100,000 – 204,293 Budapest

1,046 674 651 491 140 122 12 8 1

281 489 941 1,475 969 2,312 759 1,152 1,698

2.8 4.9 9.3 14.6 9.6 22.9 7.5 11.4 16.9 Distribution of settlements and population by number of inhabitants,

January 1st 2006

Central Hungary is the only region where the low level of natural decrease is parallel with a high level of net internal and international migration. Thus the actual number of inhabitants increased by 15,200 in one year. The number of live births per 1,000 inhabitants is the highest in Northern Great Plain (10.5), while the death rate is the lowest here (12.5). The number of deaths per 1,000 inhabitants is the highest in Northern Hungary, 13.8, and Southern Great Plain has a hardly lower level.

Increase or decrease of population, 2006

Demography

0 to 15,200 increase 4,850 to 1

decrease 8,550 to 4,851

decrease Actual increase/ decrease Number of inhabitants Number of

settlements

Number of population, thousand

Distribution of population, %

(6)

Hungary in Figures, 2006 Distribution of deaths by cause

Basic health care is provided by more than 5 thousand general practitioners and nearly 1600 family paediatricians. There were 2000 inhabitants per doc- tor on the average in 2005. The number of consultations with the GP and that of home visits amounted to 12 thousand. The main reason for adult population consulting with the GP was hypertonia, annual number of cases approaching 2 millions. The number of consultations with family paediatricians is an annual average of 6 thousand. This is complemented by 660 home visits, 37% of which was carried out with the aim of prevention.

Cause of death 1990 2000 2006

Heart diseases 28.0 28.5 34.7

Malignant neoplasms 21.4 24.5 22.9

Cerebro-vascular diseases 14.7 14.0 11.8

Arteriosclerosis 7.8 5.6 4.0

Liver diseases 3.7 5.1 3.9

Bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, asthma 3.3 2.8 3.6

Accidents 6.0 4.3 3.5

H ^ealth

Road traffic accidents Accidents,

thousand

Number of accidents, thousand

Persons killed, thousand

Persons killed, thousand 30

25 20 15 10 5 0

3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5

1990 1995 2000 2006 0.0

(%)

(7)

Public medicament turnover

2000 2003 2006

Turnover, billion HUF

Price index of pharmaceutical products, % (2000=100)

Billion HUF 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0

% 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 Dispensaries and hospitals

1990 2000 2006

Consultations in pulmonary dispensaries, thousand 2,077 2,035 1,948 Consultations in psychiatric dispensaries, thousand 921 1,262 1,482 Consultations in addictology dispensaries, thousand 209 178 162

Number of operating hospital beds 101,954 83,430 79,847

Operating hospital beds per 100 000 inhabitants 983 818 793

Patients discharged, thousand 2,258 2,610 2,716

Average length of treatment, days 12.7 8.9 7.9

The number of hospital beds dropped by one fifth in the last 16 years in Hungary, however, the number of beds per ten thousand inhabitants is still high in international comparison. Three quarters of the 80 thousand hospital beds is in acute wards. The number of such beds in acute wards was 60 per ten thousand inhabitants, compared with the rate of 40 of EU average. The occupancy rate of hospital beds is 79%.

Health

(8)

Number of employed persons by industries, 2006 Persons,

thousand Of which: share of females, %

Agriculture 190.8 25.5

Industry 947.8 37.5

Construction 321.6 6.7

Trade and repair 582.0 53.7

Hotels and restaurants 157.2 55.9

Transport, storage and communication 301.3 27.3

Financial intermediation 80.3 65.4

Real estate, renting and business activities 282.8 44.2 Public administration, defence, compulsory social

security, education, health, social work, other com-

munity, social and personal service activities 1,066.3 66.3

Total 3,930.1 45.6

55% of the population aged 15-74 in 2006, i.e. 4 million 247 persons were economically active, 42 thousand more than in 2005. 3 million 930 thousand of them were employed and 317 thousand were unemployed. The number of those economically inactive, belonging to this age-group amounted to 3 million 475 thousand. The largest group of inactive people were the pension recipients, accounting for 56%. The share of those studying in full-time education was 23%, that of child-care recipients was 8% and 13% belonged to the category of other dependent.

E mployment, unemployment

Employment rate, 2006

55.1 to 56.2 50.1 to 55.0 45.1 to 50.0 44.3 to 45.0 As a % of economically active persons eW

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(9)

Out of the 317 thousand unemployed persons in 2006 - excluding those start- ing a new job within 90 days - 144 thousand had been seeking a job for one year or longer. The average length of search was 16.5 months in 2006.

Broken down by age-groups, it is the unemployment of the young (between 15 and 24 years) that is the highest, 19.1%. Unemployment rate of females had been below that of males for a long time, equalling it in 2004, and sur- passing it since then.

Unemployment

Unemployment rate, 2006

2000 2006

Number of unemployed persons 263.7 316.8

of which: males

females 158.9

104.8

164.6 152.2

Unemployment rate, % 6.4 7.5

of which: males

females 7.0

5.6 7.2

7.8 Distribution of the unemployed by length of search for job, %

0– 6 months 7– 11 months 12 months or more

34.6 16.3 49.1

36.4 16.8 46.8

Employment, unemployment

9.6 to 11.0 7.6 to 9.5 5.1 to 7.5

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(10)

Real value of earnings rose by 44% on the whole between 2000 and 2004. The rate of growth was uneven, real earnings increased by 9.7% annually between 2001 and 2003, followed by a drop of 1 percent in 2004. Real earnings were 3.5% higher in 2006 than in 2005. Real value of earnings were strongly influ- enced by government measures in the whole of this period.

Average gross monthly earnings, 2006

L iving standards

Earnings Thousand HUF

Average net monthly earnings, thousand HUF

1990= 100

Real earnings, 1990=100 140

120 100 80 60 40 20 0

140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

HUF Purchasing Power Standard (PPS)

Business sector 162,391 1,080

Manual workers 111,722 743

Non-manual workers 259,703 1,723

Budgetary sector 193,924 1,290

National economy, total 171,239 1,139

(11)

Pensions As a % of average earnings

Average pensions as a % of average earnings

1990=100

Real pensions, 1990= 100 68

66 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 50

140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60

1990 1995 2000 2006 50

Pensions, child raising and family support, 2006

Monetary social incomes are mainly supporting the elderly, besides, significant amounts are spent on children and families with children. Among non- monetary social incomes aiming to help the latter group, child welfare services provide free-of-charge assistance in solving social, mental hygienic, financial, life-style problems. Children or parents can claim for such help locally in 87% of Hungarian settlements.

Pensions Child-care

allowance Child-care

fee Family

allowance*

Amounts paid, billion HUF 2,510 55 69 329

Amounts paid as % of GDP 10.7 0.2 0.3 1.4

Average number of recipients,

thousand 3,028 167 92 1,269

Average monthly amount of

provision, per head, HUF 69,088 27,432 62,684 21,637

* The number of allowance recipients refers to families, the average amount of the allowance is calculated for one family.

Living standards

(12)

(%) Distribution of household consumption expenditures

(at current prices)

Consumption of households rose by an annual 6% between 2000 and 2005.

The rate of change was more moderate in 2006, reaching only 2.6%. Food consumption within this is growing slowly, its share diminishing. Daily calory intake per inhabitant is nearly 14 thousand kJ on the national average, 26%

more than the phsyiologically recommended value. Composition of nutrients is slowly changing: shares of sugar and flour are slightly decreasing, while those of meat and especially of vegetables and fruits are increasing.

1996 2000 2004

Food 22.6 19.4 17.4

Alcoholic beverages and tobacco 8.1 8.3 8.7

Clothing and footwear 4.9 4.6 3.9

Housing, water, furnishing, household equipment 26.9 25.8 25.6

Health 2.9 3.4 3.6

Transport, communication 15.5 19.6 19.4

Recreation, culture, education, hotels and restaurants 14.2 13.7 13.8

Other 4.9 5.2 7.6

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Living standards

%80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

0 Microwave oven

2000 2005

Passenger car

Hifi-set CD-player DVD-player VCR

Consumer durables in households

(13)

Living standards

Consumer prices of selected goods (1995= 100)

%

Consumer prices, total Petrol (96) Bread Beef 350

300 250 200 150 100

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Average growth of consumer prices was 3.9% in 2006, with significant dif- ferences among diverse social strata. Consumer price index of pensioners was 105.0%, while active households experienced a price rise of 3.4%. Out of the households, price index of those belonging to the category of low income indicated a growth higher than the average, 4.8%, while high- income households had an index of 103.3% as a result of their different consumption structure.

Change of consumer prices by main groups of commodities Annual average rate of

change, 2001–2006

Rate of change in 2006, compared to 2005

Food 6.4 7.7

Alcoholic beverages, tobacco 8.4 4.3

Clothing and footwear 2.5 –0.7

Consumer durables –1.5 –4.0

Electricity, gas and other fuels 8.3 6.4

Other goods, including motor

fuels and lubricants 4.0 2.7

Services 6.6 4.1

Total 5.6 3.9

(%)

(14)

Students in secondary and tertiary education

78% of the population aged 25-64 in Hungary had at least a secondary qualification in 2006. The same rate among those aged 20-24 years was 83%. 18% of the population between 25 and 64 years had a tertiary qualification. The shares of those having completed primary school education as well as tertiary degree holders was above the average among males, while the share of secondary school G. C. E. holders was higher than the average among females. 53% of university and college education participants were females; within the fields of training, their shares were outstanding (over 70%) in health, humanities, special education, primary school teacher and nursery school instructor, as well as in social fields.

Number of students in tertiary education by fields of training

Thousand 1,000

800 600 400 200

01990 1995 2000 2006

Tertiary education in part-time forms Full-time tertiary education Secondary education for adults Full-time secondary education Students total,

thousand Of which students in full-time education, %

2001 2006

Teacher training and education science 47.4 45.9 49.0

Arts 4.6 5.8 86.4

Humanities 23.2 28.6 77.6

Social sciences 29.8 31.7 65.1

Business and administration 66.9 95.7 45.9

Law 17.6 18.2 54.3

Science 5.4 9.4 92.7

Engineering, manufacturing and

construction; computing 54.6 63.9 75.8

Agriculture 14.7 10.8 59.0

Health and welfare 25.3 33.6 63.2

Services 23.8 32.3 48.9

Total 313.2 375.8 59.8

E ^ducation

(15)

C ^ulture

Main cultural indicators

1995 2000 2006

Library units lent per inhabitant^a 3,6 3,4 3,2^b

Number of libraries^a 3,648 3,132 3,230^b

Registered users, thousands^a 1,382 1,357 1,454^b

Theatre attendances per hundred inhabitants 40 39 43

Museum attendances per hundred inhabitants 89 99 116

Concert attendences per thousand inhabitants 45 42 40

Number of daily newspapers 41 35 36^b

Copies of daily newspapers, million 641 579 661^b

a) Public libraries.

b) 2005.

Number and copies of published books

Published books, thousand Copies, million

Copies Number of published books and booklets

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

140 120 100 80 60 40 20

1990 1995 2000 2005 0

The number of cinema attendances dropped from 150 in 2002 to 119 in 2006, while box-office receipts rose from HUF 722 to 829 during this period.

Nearly half of the films shown were American, beside this the number of French and Hungarian films appearing on the screen is also high. 14 to 15%

of cinema-goers watch Hungarian films.

(16)

Main criminal indicators

The number of natural persons offended as a result of discovered crimes was 233 thousand in 2006. 2.5% of discovered natural persons offended were children, aged 0-13 years, 3.9% of them were juveniles (14 to 17 years old), 15.5% were 60 years or over. Share of offended persons decreased in case of all these categories compared to the previous year. 74 thousand crimes were committed against organizations, almost 4% fewer than in 2005.

L egal and public security

2000 2006 Change com-

pared to 2000, %

Number of discovered crimes 450,673 425,941 –5.5

against the person of which: homicide violating traffic rules against law and order economic frauds against property

16,591 203 19,566 76,312 10,986 311,611

16,260 174 21,670 83,318 17,862 260,147

–2.0 –14,3 +10.8 +9.2 +62.6 –16.5 Number of discovered

perpetrators 122,860 124,171 +1.1

Number of persons with definitive

sentence 95,213 97,444 +2.3

Number of discovered perpetrators per 100,000 inhabitants, 2006

(by domicile)

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1,301 to 1,425 1,151 to 1,300 1,000 to 1,150

(17)

E ^nvironment

Emission of air pollutants (2000=100)

Territory of Hungary is outstandingly rich in natural habitats and biocoenoeses. Our game stock is characterised by a relatively low number of small and a high number of big game. The latter has been prevailing for at least 5 years. Out of the nearly 500 thousand big game living in our forests, the roe-deer is represented by the highest share (63%), wild boars account for 16, red deer account for 15%. Fallow deer represent 4%, moufflons 2%. Area of our forests is 1.85 million hectares, more than one fifth of the forest stands being covered by black locust trees, another fifth by oaks, 13% by conifers, 11% by Turkey oak.

Protected natural areas and values Area

(thousand hectares) Number

National parks 486 10

Protected landscapes 324 36

Natural conservation reserves 29 144

Protected natural areas of local significance 39 1,287 Protected areas, total

Of which: Biosphere reserves

Ramsari areas (watery habitats)

878 130180

1,477 235

Partly protected areas 1,170 –

Natural areas under any kind of protection, total 2,048 – Caves

Plants Animals

–– –

4,100 695 965

120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

%

Oxides of nitrogen Sulphur dioxide Methane

Volatile (non-methane) organic compounds Carbon dioxide

Carbon monoxide

(18)

Gross domestic product (GDP) of Hungary has been growing at an even rate of 4 to 5% since the millennium. Within this period in 2006 the economy expanded by 3.9% in spite of the boom experienced in the world and in Europe, so Hungary's dynamism was below the average of previous years. The background for this phenomenon is primarily the effect of measures aiming to restore economic equilibrium, causing a diminishing demand.

E conomic growth and level of development

GDP per capita in Purchasing Power Standard, 2006 (EU-25=100)

Slovenia Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Slovakia Lithuania

Latvia Poland Romania

Bulgaria

0 25 50 75 100%

Distribution of gross value

added by industries (at current prices)

Industry 1995 2000 2006

Total, billion HUF 4,933 11,563 20,467

Of which: distribution, %

Agriculture 6.7 5.4 4.3

Industry 26.3 27.2 26.0

Construction 4.6 5.0 4.7

Trade and repair; hotels and restaurants 13.3 12.5 12.6

Transport, storage and communication 9.0 8.3 7.6

Real estate, renting and business activities 19.6 20.1 22.0 Public administration, defence; compulsory

social security; health and social work, education 16.9 17.4 18.4 Other community, social and personal service

activities 3.6 4.1 4.4

(19)

Economic growth and level of development

GDP per inhabitant as a % of national average, 2005

In 2006 structure of use side of GDP was different from the one seen in the last 10 years from many aspects. Gross fixed capital formation decreased, consumption expenditure rose at a slow rate, thus the source of growth became exclusively external trade. It happened for the first time for 10 years that the value of domestic use did not exceed that of gross domestic product.

Use of gross domestic product (previous year=100.0)

Use 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Gross domestic product (GDP) 104.1 104.4 104.2 104.8 104.1 103.9 Actual final consumption of

households 105.7 109.9 107.8 103.2 103.9 101.9

Actual final consumption of

government 101.0 105.3 105.1 99.9 99.9 100.2

Gross fixed capital formation 105.2 110.2 102.2 107.6 105.3 97.9

Exports 108.1 103.9 106.2 115.7 111.5 117.9

Imports 105.3 106.8 109.3 114.1 106.9 112.4

100.1 to 163.3 70.1 to 100.0 63.6 to 70.0 eW

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(20)

The share of investments of companies within total investments accounts for 65%, that of budgetary sector is 14%. The remaining 21% is linked to investments of household sector (non-market economic activity). The weight of households' investments rose parallel with the growth in the number of dwelling constructions at the beginning of the millennium, reaching 26% in 2004. At the same time, the share of companies' investments dropped. This trend turned in 2005 and the distribution of investments between companies and households in 2006 was again similar to that measured 6 years before.

Economic growth and level of development

Industries 2004 2005 2006

Industry 10.4 –2.6 –5.9

Transport, storage, communication 31.9 19.2 5.6

Real estate, renting, business activities 11.2 –2.0 –4.1 Public administration, education, health –10.4 27.9 7.5

Other industries 0.9 6.4 –3.7

Total 9.1 4.7 –2.0

Volume of investments

(annual change, %)

Distribution of investments, 2006 Agriculture, forestry and fishing

4%

Industry 27%

Real estate, renting and business

activities 25%

Public administration, education and health

8%

Trade and repair 8%

Other branches

9%

Transport, storage, and communication

19%

(21)

The biggest main commodity group in external merchandise trade has been machineries and transport equipment for several years, representing 62 percent of the exports and 50 percent of the imports in 2006. The most determi- nant products of the machinery export generally belong to the headings of telecommunication appliances as well as to the automotive industry (cellular phones, LCD television sets as well as automobiles and motor engines). A significant part of the machinery imports like parts and components serves the production of the abovementioned articles, arriving predominantly from the Far East region. The turnover of motor-cars also represents an important part of the imports, main suppliers being the EU member states. The largest mar- kets of the machinery exports can also be found in the European Union.

External trade of merchandises by groups of countries, 2006

Groups of countries Imports Exports

European Union (EU-25) Of which:

EU-15

New member states

67.5 56.7 10.8

74.0 61.0 13.0 Extra-EU countries

Of which:

European countries Asian countries

Countries of other continents

32.5 14.2 16.0 2.3

26.0 15.6 5.3 5.1

Total 100.0 100.0

(%)

Balance of external merchandise trade (at current prices)

200 0 –200 –400 –600 –800 –1,000 –1,200

10 0 –10 –20 –30 –40 –50 –60

Billion HUF %

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Billion HUF

As a % of exports

B ^alance

(22)

Consolidated balance of general government (on cash-flow basis)

Central government gross debt amounted to HUF 14.7 trillion on cash-flow basis at the end of 2006, i.e. 62.4% of GDP. A slightly rising share of the debt stock, more than 70% was liabilities in HUF, the rest being in foreign exchanges. More than 96% of forint liabilities and more than 80% of foreign exchange liabilities were government securities. Share of credits within total liabilities amounted to 8%.

Balance of current account 1,000

0 –1,000 –2,000 –3,000 –4,000 –5,000 –6,000 –7,000 –8,000

2 0 –2 –4 –6 –8 –10

Million EUR %

1990 1995 2000 2006

Million EUR As % of GDP

Balance

Denomination 1995 2000 2005

Revenues 2,623.0 5,568.1 10,163.2

Expenditures 2,995.7 6,048.3 11,230.9

Balance

(excluding revenues of privatization) –372.8 –480.2 –1,067.6

Balance as % of GDP –6.6 –3.6 –4.8

(Billion HUF)

(23)

A ^griculture

1995 2000 2006

Cattle 928 805 702

Pig 5,032 4,834 3,987

Sheep 977 1,129 1,298

Poultry 35,659 37,016 39,677

Horse 71 75 60

Livestock population, December 1st

(thousand)

The diminishing demand for agricultural products had an impact on animal husbandry stronger than on crops and horticulture, the former accounting for 39% of gross output of agriculture, while this share was 47% in 2000. A reason for this loss of significance has been an EU support of smaller volume compared to that provided to crops and horticulture. Output of animal husbandry hardly changed between the mid-nineties and 2003, although there was an annual fluctuation. The decline of 13% in output of slaughter animals, as well as a decreasing production of animal products (a 10% drop of cow milk and a 15% fall of eggs) significantly contributed to the decrease from 2003.

Production of wool, representing a smaller weight, is gradually increasing, while production of honey slightly fell after the record of 2003.

Gross production of agriculture (average of 1996–2000=100) 160

150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80

%

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Crops and horticulture Animal husbandry Total

(24)

Average of

2005 2006

1996–2000 2001–2005

Wheat 4,079 4,629 5,088 4,376

Maize 6,219 7,179 9,050 8,282

Sunflower 681 939 1,108 1,181

Sugar beet 3,328 2,806 3,516 2,454

Vegetables 1,683 1,846 1,547 1,779

Fruits 912 822 732 863

Grapes 671 632 476 523

Output of basic crops

(thousand tons)

38% of agricultural area in Hungary was cultivated by agricultural enterprises in 2006, while 45% of it was used by private farms. Agricultural activity was pursued on three quarters of area unidentifiable to holdings. Share of private farmers is the highest in case of orchard and vineyard area, each representing 57%, and it is also private farmers who cultivate nearly half of arable land.

Average yield of main crops 8

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Ton/hectare

Maize Grapes Wheat Sunflower

1991–1995 1996–2000 2001–2005 2006

Agriculture

(25)

I ^ndustry

Industrial production, number of employees and productivity (1995=100)

300 260 220 180 140 100 60

%

Industrial production Productivity Number of employees

1995 2000 2006

Production of renewable energy resources (hydroelectric and wind energy, fire-wood and other renewables) in 2006 reached 47 PJ, providing more than one tenth of the total national production. As the majority of energy use in Hungary is covered by imports, the share of renewables within energy consumption was only slightly more than half of the EU average (6.3%) in 2004.

Branch 1995 2000 2006

Mining and quarrying 1.1 0.5 0.5

Food industry 22.4 13.9 10.1

Manufacture of textiles and leather products 4.7 3.6 2.0

Manufacture of wood and wood products 5.9 4.9 3.8

Chemical industry 19.2 15.2 16.6

Building material industry 3.2 2.4 2.4

Metallurgy 10.5 7.3 7.9

Manufacture of machinery 19.5 42.5 49.2

Of which: manufacture of electric machinery

and optical instrument 7.2 24.7 27.4

Electricity supply 12.1 8.4 6.4

Other 1.3 1.1 1.1

Share of industrial branches in the output

(%)

(26)

Distribution of industrial sales, %

On the basis of their share in industrial output three regions, providing two thirds of production, can be highlighted. One of them is Central Hungary, including the capital and thus being the most populous, another is Western Transdanubia, and the third is Central Transdanubia. The latter region has become the one providing the largest industrial production in the country since 2005. Per capita industrial output is the highest in Central Transdanubia as well (HUF 4.9 million), followed by Western Trandanubia (HUF 3.2 million).

This indicator remains below the national average of HUF 1.9 million in all other regions.

Industry

Distribution of industrial output and sales by enterprise size, 2006

(%)

1989

28% 51%

54%

72% 49%

46%

2000

2006

Domestic sales Export sales Category

(number of employees) Output Domestic Export

sales

0 – 4 4.1 7.9 0.2

5 – 49 8.1 16.0 3.3

50 –249 15.6 19.6 11.3

over 250 72.1 56.5 85.2

(27)

Construction output by main building groups (2000=100)

180

160

140

120

100

80

%

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Buildings Construction industry, total Other structures

C onstruction, dwellings

Booming construction market resulted in a durable growth in construction output since the turn of millennia. The most dynamic expansion, the rate of which reached 17 to 18% was experienced in 2002 and 2005, while in 2005 a slight drop of 1.6% was measured. Growth rate of building construction surpassed that of civil engineering works until 2002, but in the succeeding three years the dynamics of the latter was stronger, primarily due to road construction. In 2006 it was again building construction that rose more intensively in spite of the fact that the number of dwellings constructed was significantly below the level of the previous year.

Dwelling construction

1995 2000 2006

Dwelling construction, number 24,718 21,583 33,864

Dwelling construction per thousand inhabitants 2.4 2.2 3.4 Number of construction permits issued 39,053 44,709 44,826

Dwellings ceased, number 6,423 6,053 4,900

Average basic floor area of dwellings

constructed, sq. m 99 98 89

(28)

The boom of dwelling construction, having started at the turn of millennia, resulted in an at least 10% annual growth of the number of dwellings built.

However, since then the number of dwellings constructed declined. Until 2005 this market was characterised by entrepreneurial dwelling construction and a boom of construction in towns, especially in Budapest as well as construction of multi-storey buildings containing several dwellings and buildings in resi- dents' parks. In 2006 again detached houses built by natural persons for own use formed the majority.

Construction, dwellings

Public utilities in inhabited dwellings, 2005

100 80 60 40

20 0

%

Budapest Other towns Villages

With public water-conduit With bathroom With piped gas With public sewerage

With toilet

Dwelling stock by number of rooms

Number of rooms 1990 2001 2007 Change between

1990 and 2007, % thousand

1 645 517 522 –19.1

2 1,681 1,682 1,719 2.3

3 or more 1,527 1,866 1,996 30.8

Total 3,853 4,065 4,238 10.0

(29)

Number and duration of phone calls

2003 2004 2005 2006

Number of phone calls (million)

from fixed lined^a 3,278 3,043 2,841 2,554

from mobile phone 4,700 5,124 5,994 6,760

Duration of phone calls (million minutes)

from fixed lined^a 7,610 7,154 7,635 7,401

from mobile phone 6,169 7,492 9,496 11,905

Average duration of calls (minutes)

from fixed lined^a 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.9

from mobile phone 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8

32% of households and 80% of enterprises employing at least 10 persons had an internet connection in 2006. Within them, the share of those using a broadband connection was high in both groups, 77% for enterprises and 68% for households.

Internet subscriptions by type of connection

1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Thousand

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Dial-up modem ISDN xDSL Cable TV Wireless Other a) Without internet calls.

T elecommunication, internet

(30)

Railway and public road network

(km)

a) 2005.

In 2006 the volume of transported goods increased by 8% compared to 2005. Average transport distance lengthened as well, especially as a result of the increasing significance of international, generally long-haul transportation.

Transport performance measured in freight-ton kilometre rose by 20% in international and by 6% in domestic transport, on the whole increasing by 15%

compared to the previous year. Within international transport, the performance growth was 21% in road, 12% in rail, 3% in pipeline transport, while a decline of 10% occurred in inland waterway transport.

Goods transport performance of transport sector

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Billion freight-ton kilometres

Road Rail Pipeline Inland water

International Domestic

2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006

1995 2000 2006

Length of railway lines operated, total 7,714 7,668 7,685a Of which: electrified

double-tracked 2,353

1,195 2,718

1,293 2,791^a

1,292^a National public road network, total 30,073 30,307 31,058

Of which: motorways motor-roads trunk roads

secondary main roads

335 2,05585 4,390

448 2,17357 4,330

785 2,196129 4,409

T ^ransport

(31)

Transport

The composition of passenger car stock slowly altered for the favour of modern types. The average age of cars at the end of 2006 was 10.3 years, 1.4 years less than 10 years earlier. Out of the cars registered for the first time in Hungary, Suzuki, Opel and Ford were the most common types, accounting for 15, 12 and 11% of the car stock respectively in 2006.

Distribution of interurban passenger transport by means of transport

(on the basis of passenger kilometre)

(%)

1995 2000 2006

Train 41.3 38.2 31.4

Coach 46.8 47.7 38.6

Ship 0.2 0.2 0.1

Airplane 11.7 13.9 29.9

Air passenger transport at Budapest-Ferihegy airport

200 180 160 140 120 100 80

30 25 20 15 10 5 0

2000=100 Share, %

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Share of discount airlines in total air passenger transport, % Change in passenger transport, 2000=100

(32)

1.7 million foreigners arrived in Hungary for a business trip in 2006. The share of such visitors was especially high, 16 to 20% among the British, the Americans and the French. 43.7 thousand domestic and 19.5 thousand foreign guests participated at congresses or conferences in 2005, as a result of which 40.2 thousand domestic and 56.3 thousand international tourism nights were registered. 1800 conference rooms were at the disposal of public accommodation establishments in 2006, with a capacity enough for 126 thousand persons.

Number of visitors

(thousand)

Tourism receipts and expenditure in Hungary

200 150 100 50 0

3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Euro

1990 1995 2000 2006

Revenue per visitor, euro

Expenditure per Hungarian travelling abroad, euro Travel balance, billion euros

T ^ourism

2000 2006

Hungarians travelling abroad 11,065 17,612

Foreign visitors in Hungary 31,141 40,963

Of which by country of origin:

Romania Slovakia Austria

Serbia and Montenegro Germany

Ukraine Croatia Poland Bulgaria Czech Republic Slovenia Italy

United Kingdom United States

4,661 3,921 5,139 2,908 2,949 2,483 3,304 643 395 352733 401212 356

8,651 7,968 6,088 3,315 3,222 1,874 1,307 1,303 986978 731 702361 368

Balance, billion euro

1Hungary in Figures, 2006

G eneral characteristics

D emography

Demography

Demography

H ealth

Health

E mployment, unemployment

L iving standards

Living standards

E ducation

C ulture

L egal and public security

E nvironment

E conomic growth and level of development

Economic growth and level of development

Economic growth and level of development

B alance

Balance

A griculture

Agriculture

I ndustry

Industry

C onstruction, dwellings

Construction, dwellings

T elecommunication, internet

T ransport

Transport

T ourism

D ^emography

H ^ealth

E ^ducation

C ^ulture

E ^nvironment

B ^alance

A ^griculture

I ^ndustry

T ^ransport

T ^ourism