114
12
CONTEMPORARY HISTORIANS ON THE ORIGIN OF CONQUERING HUNGARIANS
MEMORIES OF A 9
THCENTURY MIGRATION
ABSTRACT
Nowadays we can observe a modern migration in Europe. It's possible to identify its origin from reporters and news agencies. In contrast to this the a thousand years ago literate people of Europe could learn about the origin of the newcomer people, Hungarians from vague rumors preserved in chronicles and other sources around the time of the Hungarian Conquest of the Carpathian Basin. The first group from Scythia and moving into Pannonia, ejecting the Avars. Another group of sources, following Liutprand of Cremona, explained the appearance of the previously unknown Ungri by the removal of group of the sources identified the Hungarians with former nomadic peoples, the Avars or Huns, who
th century. In the following, eleventh and twelfth
equally used by the sources for the 7-9th -known
as the third name for the 7-9th century Avars. This historical situation may explain the identification of the names Avar, Hun and Hungarian.
1.
1 -
fo
avar 2
lt -
- 3
12 -
115 A ko
4
-
avar
-medenc
-
2.
-
5
-923
-
-
6
-962) szerint
7
116
8
A Chronicon Patriarcharum
-
- -
kezdett. Igen kegyetlen n 9 Az Auctarium
-
0 -
-
ythia-ban
11 A Chronicon vetus ex libris Pentheon excerptum -
12 Az Annales S. Trudperti (1246) szerint 889-ben a -ban az
13 A Chronicon
14 - -
15 Az -k Ann. Riddagshusani monachi, Chronicon Riddagshusanum 1508-
892- 16
-
117
17
-ban Arnulf, akinek
18 Az Annalista Saxo (1148-
tett
19
-
-k:
20
Albericus monachus Trium Fontium (1241-
- J. P.]
-
Pannonia- 21 -k 893-
-
Temporum 1292- hunokat azaz ungari-
-887) az ungari-
-
22 -nak nevezi a magyarokat, de
-ben elhunyt Caesar -t vagy Thuduin-
118 s
- 23
- -
-
-
ethetett a Dado-
3. Hunok vagy avarok?
-
24 A Vita altera S.
Gemin
25 Leo Diaconus Caloensis Historia-
26 A Fragmentum historiae Francicae
27 Chronicon Mediani monasterii, Liber de S. Hildulfi successoribus 703-1020
28 Chronicon Gradense 451-- 1008-
- 29 A magyaroknak
119
880- - -as, 955-
30
31 Szt.
32 33
34 A Chronicon
P 35A
36 -
37 38 -
-
-
magyarokat 39 Chronicon S. Martini
Turonensis 249-
-ben
40 Az 1289-ig vezetett Chronica ecclesiae -nak nevezi a
magyarokat.41 -
42 Az Annales Corbeiae Saxonicae (1471), a 906, 917, 924, 936.
- 43 ln Henrik
-1361- alkalmazza.44
anegyricum de laudibus
Berengarii augusti (916- 45
- -k elleni
46
-nek nevezi.47
48 A
Chronicon comitum Capuae (815-1058) a -
49 A Chronicon Eberspergense (antiquius) 900- - -
hungari-k. A forr
50
Chronicon episcoporum Merseburgensium (968-
avar 51
-nak mondja.52 A Continuatio 74-re a magyar -nak nevezi.53
120 4.
54 55 Isidorus
Hispalensis (558-
.56
57 -
58 Paulus Diaconus szeri 59
60
Az Ann. qui dicuntur Einhardi pedig a hun nevet adja a 788, 790, 791, 792, 795, 796, 797, 799.
61 Alcuin E -ben az avarok, akiket mi hunoknak mondunk, 796-ban pedig
62
az av 63
hunnak.64 65 Gervasius
Ricobaldus Ferrariensis (1312) szerint a hungrik Scythia- elfoglalva,
66
67 5. 7-
A
Annales Bertiniani 862-
68
-
- 69
Patricius episcopus Aemoniensis (588- -ben az ungari-k
- 70 A De SS. Leontio et Carpophoro martyribus -k Vincentia-
en.71
-nak
72 Paulus Diaconus, Historia -
73 A Fund. mon. Abb. s. Mariae de Sexto in Foro Iulii 762-
74
-
75 Szt. Paulinus aquileiai patriarcha (776- -
121
76 -ben
-
- 77
a 8
- varorum, id
78
Lajos 860-
79 Az
Annales Fuldenses 892- -nak
-es, 896-os, 900-
-ben Avari, 896-ban Avares, gentilium Avarorum, 900-ban
- 80
81
6.
Az Auctarium Neuburgense (1241- -nak
-
hunok, akiket ungaros- -nek mondunk.82 Az Annales Lundenses vagy Ann.
- 83 Az Annales Colonienses (1030-1060) a 791-es frank -nak nevezi.84 Chronicon Vedastinum (1090) szerint
-
85- -
86 Az Annales -
87 A Chronicon Ebersheimense (630-
- 88
befej
89 A Minorita Erphordensi Chronica minor ungari-kat. Lajos,
90 - -
91
-
-k Scithia- 92 Az Annales Halesienses, amelyet
1290- -
93
122
sueveket, hungari- 94
Chronicon Austriacum (1003-
hercegeket kaptak.95
gondolhatunk, a 860- -
on-ja. Bernardus Cremifanensis monachus, De kathalogo
- -
r-okat. A 888- -k Bawaria-t
96 Az Oesterreichische Chronik (1398-ig) szerint -ok avagy Unger-
Eczel, der He 97 Az Annales Herbipolenses minores (1400), a 870.
- 98
99 Henricus Wolterus (1463)
100 Conrad Botho 1489-
-avar -
a Merere hercege ellen.101 -k
-ban a Hungari-
- 102
- - -kor
123 1.
Table 1.: Contemporary historians about the origin of conquering Hungarians
700-1000, 1001-1100, 1101-1200, 1201-1300, 1301-1607
Patricius episcopus Aemoniensis 600 590 U 8
Chronicorum quae dicuntur Fredegar 700 631 H A B 8
Ravennatis Anonymi Cosmographia 700 600 H A 8
Vita S. Emmerami 700 652 H A U 8
De SS. Leontio et Carpophoro martyribus 700 600 U 8
Epitaphium Liutprandi regis Langobardorum 750 750 -800 U 8
Fund. mon. Abb. s.Mariae de Sexto in Foro Iulii 762 -770 762 -770 U 8
776 -804 776 -804 U 8
De Firmo et Rustico martyribus Veronae 800 759 -774 A U 8
Theophanes 813 626 H A 8
Ann. Regni Francorum 829 796 H 9
Liber monasterii s. Wandregisili 841 -877 843 H A U 9
860 860 U 9
Ann.Bertiniani 862 862 U 9
Ann. Alamannici 863 863 H 9
Chr. Patriarcharum Aquileiensium 884 -887 884 -887 U 10
900 805 H 9
900 900 U 10
Regino 908 889 U 10
Vita altera S. Geminiani 910 910 H U 10
Deprecatio Mutinensis 910 900 U 10
Carmen panegyricum de laudibus Berengarii augusti 916 -922 900 A U 10
917 -923 900 U 8 10
Ann.Alamannici 955 900 -955 U 10
Liudprand 958 -962 900 U 9
962 955 A U 10
Widukind 973 800 -900 G H A U 9 10
Hroswitha 984 900 -955 A 10
Leo Caloensis 992 950 H 10
Fragmentum historiae Francicae a Ludovico Pio 1000 900 -955 H 10
Thietmar 1000 997 A U 10
1001 760 U 8
Chronicon Gradense 1008 -1032 451 -628 H U 8
Chronicon Mediani monasterii 1020 917 H 10
Ann. Colonienses 1030 -1060 791 U 9
Annales Lundenses 1037 793 V 9
Rudolphus Glaber 1050 1000 #### H U 10
Chronicon Eberspergense 1050 933 955 H U U 10
1053 1000 #### H U 10
1056 1044 #### H 10
Chronicon comitum Capuae 1058 939 A U 10
Chronicon Vedastinum 1090 628 -639 A U 8
1100 891 -900 U 9
ideje
124
700-1000, 1001-1100, 1101-1200, 1201-1300, 1301-1607
1102 920 H U 10
Chronicon Polonorum 1113 900 -955 H U 10
Chronicon universale,Ekkehard 1125 811 H 9
Chronicon universale,Ekkehard 1125 888 U 9
Chronicon universale,Ekkehard 1125 906 G H A U 10
Chronicon episcoporum Merseburgensium 1136 955 A U 10
Auctarium Garstense 1139 889 U 10
Chronicon S. Martini Turonensis 1140 900 H U 10
1147 1147 H 10
Annalista Saxo 1148 -1152 590 U 8
Annalista Saxo 1148 -1152 900 U 9
Ann. Corbeienses 1148 900 -955 U U 10
Kaiserchronik 1150 900 H U 10
1150 900 H U 10
1185 561/562-900 G A U 8 10
Continuatio Zwetlensis Chronici Mellicensis 1189 1174 A U 10
Chronica Collecta a m agno Presbytero 1200 900 U 10
Ann. Sancti Be nigni Di vi one nsis 1214 793 U 9
Auctari um C re mi fane nse 1217 900 -911 H U 10
Auctari um C re mi fane nse 1217 892 U 10
Bartholomae us Anglicus 1230 900 H U 10
Annale s Ge mme tice nse s 1234 793 U U 9
C hronicon Ebe rshe ime nse 1235 660 U 8
C hronicon ve tus e x libri s Pe nthe on e xce rptum 1235 900 U 10
Albe ricus m onachus Trium Fontium 1241 -1152 859 U 9
Auctuarium Ne uburge nse 1241 -1243 477 H A U T 10
Albe ricus m onachus Trium Fontium 1241 -1152 893 U 10
Annale s S. Trudpe rti 1246 889 U 10
C hronicon Ebe rspe rge nse 1250 933 ? H U 10
1260 800 H U 9
Mi norita Erphorde nsi: C hroni ca minor 1265 800 -875 H U 9 10
C hronicon Salisburge nse 1286 889 U 10
C hronica e ccle si ae W impine nsis 1289 950 H U 10
Annale s Hale sie nse s 1290 793 U 9
Flore s te mporum 1292 -1294 800 -900 H U 9 10
C hristophorus Longolius 1300 796 -803 H U 9
Chronicon Austriacum 1308 800 G U 9
Chronicon Bavariae 1313 839 (889?) H U 8 10
Chronicon Bavariae 1313 900 -955 U 10
De ordine episcoporum Laureacensium 1320 866 H 9
De ordine episcoporum Laureacensium 1320 889 U 10
De kathalogo abbatum Cremifanensium 1325 800 U 9
De kathalogo abbatum Cremifanensium 1325 888 H U 10
Chronicon Venetum 1342 -1354 894 U 10
1358 -1361 800 H U 9
Oesterreichische Chronik 1398 798 H U 9
Annales Herbipolenses minores 1400 870 H U 9
Compilatio chronologica auctoris anonymi 1410 864 H 9
Compilatio chronologica auctoris anonymi 1410 900 -955 U 10
Henricus Wolterus 1450 800 U 9
Annales Corbeiae Saxonicae 1471 900 -955 H 10
Conrad Bot ho 1489 781 -784 H U 9
Conrad Bot ho 1489 899 U 10
Annales Uticenses 1503 793 U 9
Annales Uticenses 1503 898 -908 U 10
Ann. Riddagshusani monachi 1508 892 U 10
Aventinus 1521 889 -893 U 10
Annales ecclesiast ici a Christo nato ad annum 1198 1607 795 H A 9
Annales ecclesiast ici a Christo nato ad annum 1199 1607 889 H U 10
ide je
125 7.
nim, quod Filimer, magni Aldarici regis Gottorum filius, dum fines Scitiae armis impeteret, mulieres, quae alio nomine Balteranae nominantur, plures secum in exercitu suo dicitur deduxisse. Quae dum essent militibus infestissimae, retrahentes plurimos per blandities a negotio militari, consilium regis ipsas fertur de consortio exercitus eapropter expulisse. Quae quidem pervagantes per deserta, litora paludis Meotidae tandem descenderunt. Ibique diutius dum mansissent privatae solatio maritali, incubi daemones ad ipsas venientes concubuisse cum ipsis
103
elapso, gens terribilis Hunnorum advenit, quae gens, secundum scripta Jornandis, ipsorum interpretis et actoris, ex incubis et meretricibus est procreata, infra Maeotidas Paludes, quae sunt in confiniis Asiae et Europae. Haec gens, conductu unius cervae transmeantis, transivit
inaccessibiles pr 104
Domini 453. Attila rex Hunnorum, subiugatis sibi fortissimis gentibus Ostrogothorum, et
105
quibus Avares, id est Ungari, Pannonii et Longobardi descenderunt, transeunt Danubium.
Ostrogothi prius in Pannonia fuerunt commorati, postea in Thracia per XLVIII annos habitaverunt; deinde ad Occidentem ve 106
in populo suo quasdam magas mulieres, quas patrio sermone Haliurumnas is ipse cognominat, easque habens suspectas de medio sui proturbat longeque ab exercitu suo fugatas in solitudinem coegit errare. Quas spiritus inmundi per herimum vagantes dum vidissent et eorum complexibus
107
108
8.
A Dado- -frank
-803)
-sok e Annales qui dicuntur Einhardi a. 791.109
Az a hadsereg meg, amelyet f
126 -
-vassal
110
Francorum a. 796.111
112
- -
-
- 113
-
Simocatta 596- k neve
114 -
-
115
- vagy cs
588-
- 116 594-ben az Al-
-ben Singidunumban szerepelnek.117 -
- -
avar- 118 -
119
Pontus- - re nem gondolhatunk, hiszen azok a pontusi
120 A magyarok Ungri
127
7- 121 -
-
keleti -
-ok
a 8- -
122 A
123
-
- 124
9.
- -
etnikailag
-nyelvi
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10. CFHH I, 313.
11. CFHH I, 390-391.
12. CFHH I, 690.
13. CFHH I, 205.
14. CFHH I, 404.
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33. CFHH II, 906.
34. CFHH I, 703.
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36. CFHH II. 1050.
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38. CFHH II, 1370-1376.
39. CFHH I, 313.
40. CFHH I, 580-581.
41. CFHH I, 431-434.
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52. CFHH I, 792.
53. CFHH I, 755.
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56. -Kardoss 1998, 19.
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58.
129 59. -Kardoss 1998, 32.
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62. -Kardoss 1998, 276, 294, 295.
63. -Kardoss 1998, 306-307.
64. -Kardoss 1998, 180.
65. 1987-1988, 533.
66. CFHH II, 1034-1035.
67. -Kardoss 1998, 53.
68. MG SS I, 458.
69. MG SS XIII, 529.
70.
71. -151.
72.
73. MG SS rer. Germ. 48, 242, -
74. -165.
75. -Kardoss 1998, 268.
76. -Kardoss 1998, 29 77.
78. CFHH II, 1464.
79.
80. CFHH I, 132.
81. SRH I. 286.
82.
83. CFHH I, 147.
84. -1988, 534.
85. CFHH I, 687.
86. -Kardoss 1998, 212.
87. CFHH I, 134.
88. CFHH I, 550.
89. CFHH III, 2101.
90. CFHH I, 468-469.
91. SRH I, 157.
92. CFHH I, 676-677.
93. CFHH I, 136-137.
94. CFHH I, 459-460.
95. CFHH I, 405.
96. CFHH I, 404.
97. CFHH III, 1726.
98. CFHH I, 139.
99. CFHH I, 708.
100. CFHH II, 1139.
101. CFHH I, 709.
102. CFHH I, 209.
103. SRH I, 141.
104. MG SS. XXII. 183.
105. MG SS. XXII. 187.
106. MG SS. XXII. 186.
107. SRH I, 141-142. 3. lj.
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