BIBLIOGRAPHIA NUMISMATICAE HUNGARICAE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HUNGARIAN NUMISMATICS DIE BIBLIOGRAPHIE DER UNGARISCHEN NUMISMATIK
A MAGYAR NUMIZMATIKA BIBLIOGRÁFIÁJA
F. FEJÉR M Á R IA -H U S Z Á R LAJOS
BIBLIOGRAPHIA NUMISMATICAE HUNGARICAE
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HUNGARIAN NUMISMATICS
DIE BIBLIOGRAPHIE DER
UNGARISCHEN NUMISMATIK A MAGYAR NUMIZMATIKA
BIBLIOGRÁFIÁJA
AKADÉMIAI KIADÓ • BUDAPEST 1977
ISBN 963 05 0892 3
© Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1977
P r i n t e d in H u n g a r y
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CONSPECTUS RERUM
P ra e fa tio ... 13
In d e x p eriodicorum , serierum , a n n a liu m inspectorum , in d e x op eru m saepius c ita to ru m e t ab b re v ia tio n u m ... 41
I. B ib lio g rap h ia e ... 63
I I . O pera generalia. S u m m a n a ... 65
I I I . C atalogi n u m m o ru m ... 65
IV . In d ice s generales n u m m o ru m rep erto ru m ... 68
V. M edium A ev u m (Sum m arium ) ... 70
V I. A eta s A rp a d ia n a (Saecula X I —X I I I ) ... 73
V II . M edium A evum E x tre m u m (Saecula X IV — X V ) ... 89
V III. R e ce n tiu s A evum (Sum m arium ) ... 104
IX . R e ce n tiu s A evum (ab an n o M D X X V I usque ad a n n u m MDCCL) 106 X . R e ce n tiu s A evum (ab an n o MDCCL usque ad a n n u m M DCCCLVII) . . . 130
X I. R e c e n tiu s A evum (ab an n o MDCCCLVII usque ad a n n u m M C M X V III) 138 X I I . R e ce n tiu s A evum (ab an n o M CM XIX usque ad a n n u m M C M L X X III) 147 X I I I . A etas R á k ó c z ia n a ... 152
X IV . P rin c ip a tu s T ra n sy lv a n iae ... 166
XV. S lavonia, C r o a t i a ... 164
X V I. P ro v in ciae. M onetae ex n ecessitate. M onetae a p riv a tis cusae. R e la tio n es H m ig a ricae n u m m o ru m ex tern o ru m ... 166
X V II. C h a rta m o n e talis ... 173
X V III. N u m m i m em oriales ( S u m m a riu m )... 187
X IX . N u m m i m em oriales v etu stio res (an te a n n u m M D CC CLX VII) ... 192
X X . N u m m i m e m o riale s reeen tio res (post a n n u m M D C C C LX V II) . . . 220
X X I. T essera. In sig n e ... 247
X X I I . O rdo. O rn a m e n tu m ... 251
X X I I I . C ollectiones p riv a ta e . Collectores n u m m o ru m . P e riti n u m m o r u m ... 255
X X IV . M usea. C ollectiones p u b l i c a e ... 268
X X V . S ocietates. S o d a lita te s ... 288
X X V I. E x p o sitio n es. C o n g r e s s u s ... 292
X X V II. T ech n ica. R e s t a u r a t i o ... 298
X X V I II. M iscellanea ... 303
In d e x n o m in u m ... 308
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CONTENTS
I n t r o d u c t i o n ... 19
L ist an d a b b re v a tio n s o f periodicals, serial w orks, yearbooks a n d fre q u e n tly q u o te d p u b lic atio n s ... 41
I. B ibliographies ... 53
I I . G eneral w orks. S um m aries ... 55
I I I . C atalogues o f coins ... 65
IV . S um m arized lists o f coin findings ... 68
V. M iddle Ages ( s u m m a r y ) ... 70
V I. Age o f th e Á rp á d s (11““—13tb centuries) ... 73
V II. L a te M iddle A ges (14th—15th c e n tu r ie s ) ... 89
V III. M odern tim es (sum m ary) ... 104
IX . M odern tim es (1526 — 1750) ... 106
X . M odern tim es (1 7 5 0 -1 8 5 7 ) ... 130
X I. M odern tim es (1857 —1918) ... 138
X I I . M odern tim es (1919 —1973) ... 147
X I I I . Tim es o f th e K u ru ts ... 152
X IV . T he P rin c ip a lity o f T ra n sy lv a n ia ... 156
XV. S lavonia. C r o a t i a ... 164
X V I. P ro v in ces. E m e rg e n cy currencies. P riv a te coinage. F oreign rela tio n s 166 X V II. P a p e r m oney ... 173
X V III. M edals (sum m ary) ... 187
X IX . A n cien t m ed als (before 1 8 6 7 ) ... 192
X X . M odern m edals (since 1867) ... 220
X X I. Tokens. B adges ... 247
X X I I . O rders. B adges o f h o n o u r ... 251
X X I I I . C ollection o f m edals. Collectors. N u m ism atists ... 255
X X IV . M useum s. P u b lic collections ... 268
X X V . Societies. A ssociations ... 288
X X V I. E x h ib itio n s. Congresses ... 292
X X V II. Technology. R e sto ra tio n ... 298
X X V III. M iscellaneous ... 303
A u th o r in d e x ... 308
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INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
E i n le itu n g ... 27
D ie L iste d er durchgesehenen Z eitsch riften , S ch riftenreihen, Ja h rb ü c h e r, h äu fig e r vorkom m enden W e rk e u n d ihi’er A bkürzungen ... 41
I. B ibliographien ... 53
I I . A llgem eine W erke. Z usam m enfassungen ... 55
I I I . M ünzkataloge ... 65
IV . Z usam m enfassende L isten von M ünzfunden ... 68
V. M itt°la lte r (Z u s a m m e n fa sse n d )... 70
V I. Á rp á d en z eit (11. —13. J h .) ... 73
V II. S p ä tm itte la lte r (14. —15. J h . ) ... 89
V III. N euzeit (Zusam m enfassend) ... 104
IX . N euzeit (1 5 2 6 -1 7 5 0 ) ... 106
X . N euzeit (1 7 5 0 -1 8 5 7 ) ... 130
X I. N euzeit (1857 — 1918) ... 138
X II . N euzeit (1 9 1 9 -1 9 7 3 ) ... 147
X I I I . K u r u t z e n z e i t... 152
X IV . F ü rs te n tu m Siebenbürgen ... 156
XV. Slaw onien, K ro a tie n ... 164
X V I. P ro v in zen . N otgelder. P riv a te M ünzprägung. B eziehungen zum A usland 166 X V II. P ap ierg eld ... 173
X V III. M edaillen (Z u s a m m e n fa sse n d )... 187
X IX . A lte M edaillen (vor 1867) ... 192
X X . N euere M edaillen (nach 1 8 6 7 ) ... 220
X X I. Je to n s. M arken. A bzeichen ... 247
X X II . O rden. E h ren zeich en ... 251
X X I I I . M ünzensam m lung. M ünzensam m ler. N u m is m a tik e r ... 255
X X IV . M useen. Ö ffentliche S am m lungen ... 268
X X V . V ereine. G e s e lls c h a fte n ... 288
X X V I. A usstellungen. K o n g re s s e ... 292
X X V II. T echnik. R e sta u rie ru n g ... 298
X X V III. V erschiedenes ... 303
N am en reg ister ... 308
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TARTALOMJEGYZÉK
B evezetés ... 35
Az á tn é z e tt fo lyóiratok, sorozatok, évkönyvek, g y a k ra b b a n előforduló m űvek és rö v id ítéseik jegyzéke ... 41
I. B ibliográfiák ... 53
I I . Á lta lán o s m űvek, összefoglalások ... 55
I I I . É re m k a taló g u so k ... 65
IV . É re m le le tek összefoglaló je g y z é k e i... 68
V. K ö zép k o r (összefoglaló) ... 70
V I. Á rp á d -k o r ( X I - X I I I . sz.) ... 73
V II. K éső középkor ( X I V - X V . sz.) ... 89
V II I . Ú jk o r (Összefoglaló) ... 104
I X . Ú jk o r (1 5 2 6 -1 7 5 0 ) ... 106
X . Ú jk o r (1 7 5 0 -1 8 5 7 ) ... 130
X I . Ú jk o r (1 8 5 7 -1 9 1 8 ) ... 138
X I I . Ú jk o r (1 9 1 9 -1 9 7 3 ) ... 147
X I I I . K u ru c k o r ... 152
X IV . E rd é ly i fejedelem ség ... 156
X V . S zlavónia. H o r v á to r s z á g ... 164
X V I. T a rto m á n y o k . Szükségpénzek. M agánpénzverés. K ülföldi kapcsolatok 166 X V II. P a p írp én z ... 173
X V II I. E m lék érem (Összefoglaló) ... 187
X IX . R ég i em lékérm ek (1867 előtt) ... 192
X X . Ú ja b b em lékérm ek (1867”u tá n ) ... 220
X X I. Je to n . B árca. Je lv é n y ... 247
X X I I . R en d jel. K itü n te tő jelvény ... 251
X X I I I . É re m g y ű jtés. É re m g y ű jtő k . N u m iz m a tik u s o k ... 255
X X IV . M úzeum ok. K ö zgyűjtem ények ... 268
X X V . E gyesületek. T á rsu la to k ... 288
X X V I. K iállítások. K ongresszusok ... 292
X X V II. T echnika. R e s ta u r á lá s ... 298
X X V I I I. Vegyes ... 303
N é v m u t a t ó ... 308
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PRAEFATIO
Consilium m onum enta ad num ism aticam H ungaricam speccantia colligendi anno MCMLIV a u c to rita te publica propositum est, ea quidem ratione, u t ea bibliographia supplem ento esset operi „ Ba n n e r Já n o s— Ja k a b f f y Im r e: A K özép-D unam edence régészeti bibliográfiája a legrégibb időktől a X I. századig” (Bibliographia archaeologica regionis in tr a m ontes Carpa- thicos sitae ab antiquissim is tem poribus usque ad saeculum X I). Qua ex causa auctores operis c ita ti d a ta num ism atica sibi nec elaboranda nec edenda censebant. Sic accessum est ad m ateriam num ism aticam conquiren
dam — m an d atu m d ed it Centrum Publicum M useorum (Múzeumok Orszá
gos K özpontja) tu n c tem poris exsistens, ita tam en, u t m onum enta om nia ad regionem su p ra dicta.m p e rtin en tia com prehenderentur.
M ateria per annos congesta divisione quadam n a tu ra li in duas sectiones bene sep aratas d istrib u ta erat. Sectio altera d a ta num ism atica regionis in tra C arpathes sitae com plectitur, quae ad historiam a e ta tis antiquae m igrationis que gentium illu stran t, itaq ue parallela est cum m ateria operis su p ra citati. Sectio a u te m a lte ra continet m onum enta a saeculo X I usque ad nostram a e ta te m scrip ta de historia m onetali, de a rte m edaliarum et de collectione num m orum H ungaricorum .
Quoniam m ateria prim ae sectionis haud com pleta est, nam v aria scripta historica e t archaeologica rerum publicarum adiacentium non su n t adhuc om nia perlecta, m ate ria autem secundae sectionis ab so lu ta perfectaque dici potest, in praesen tia haec sectio secunda sola ed itur. Eo magis, quod m ateria to ta — am plissim a — non nisi in duobus volum inibus divisa edi posset. Bibliographiam argum enti huius idoneam nullam habem us, quod per se p ro b a t editionem m ateriae iam collectae sine m ora congerendae m a
teriae ad sectionem prim am necessariae interposita.
Hoc opus com plectitur scrip ta quae legi possunt om nia H ung arica H un- garosve sp e cta n tia in classes quasdam speciales divisa. M ateriam in partes nim ium concisas dividere noluim us, u t scrip ta a d eandem rem p ertinentia quam facillime reperiri possent. Proposuim us ratio nem reddere om nium scriptorum etiam m odicorum , quae de historia m onetali e t de a rte m cdalia- rum collectione que num m orum H ungaricorum legi possunt. Omnibus m onum entis de re H ungarorum num m aria scriptis, sive in H u n g aria sive foris editis usi sum us — scilicet quantum fieri p o tera t. A t negleximus ea, in quibus non directe res num m aria H ungarica agitur, quam vis illa peritis num m orum etiam H ungaris usui — sed solum indirecte — esse possint.
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N am si d a ta illius generis conquisissemus, difficillime term ini operae longe e t late diffusae poni possent. Eodem modo e t eadem ratione praeterm isim us publicationes in H ungaria quidem editas, quae non num ism aticam nostram sp ectan t. P ropositum ergo definitum habem us d a ta bibliographica H ungarica a u t H ungáriám sp ectan tia in m edium proferre — u ltra ten d ere nolumus.
Ad hoc propositum assequendum om nia periodica num ism atica, archaeolo
gica, historica artisque, quae in bibliothecis publicis nostris reperiri possunt, inspexim us, nec non bibliographias iam editas retractav im u s. Scilicet suscipere non potuim us, u t om nia scripta in diversis com m entariis imagini
bus orn atis a u t diurnis ed ita referrem us, id est inspiceremus, sed si de scripto quodam eiusmodi generis ubivis edito certiores facti sum us, operam dedim us, u t eo uterem ur.
In d ex proprius exponit periodica system atice inspecta. Idem index ab- breviationes quoque periodicorum saepius citato ru m com plectitur. Ab- breviationes ad usum communem e t consuetudinem accom odaturi eramus, m odificationes tam en nonnullas introduxim us, quae a d abbreviationes facilius intellegendas nonnihil afferrent. E x abbreviationibus nostris ple
rum que coniectura capi to tiu s titu li potest, quod singulae litterae et sigla non p e rm ittu n t, immo lectores ad titu los laboz’iose requirendos cogunt.
N on nisi titu lo s e t loca editionis periodicorum n otam us, a t si tituli m utan tur, annos quoque om nium m utatio n um signamus.
D a ta bibliographica in his d u odetriginta p a rtib u s — genus m ateriae sequentibus — disposita sunt.
I . Bibliographiae. Haec pars bibliographias speciales adhuc editas en u
m erat.
11. Opera generalia. Sum m aria. H ac in p a rte publicationes inveniuntur quae h istoriam m onetalem H ungaricam sum m atim tra c ta n t, deinde stud ia theoretica, denique com m entatiunculae, quae singulas notiones numisma- ticas explicant. I d est praecipue publicationes, quae ad aliquam aetatem definitam adiungi non possunt, quarum ve argum entum ad plures periodos a ttin e t.
I I I . Catalogi nummorum. Ibi in dicantur catalogi diversorum negotiato
rum , qui vendicationes a u t auctiones num m orum proponunt, si in illis omnino a u t m agna ex p a rte num m i H ungarici insunt. H ic selectio quaedam adhibenda e ra t secundum genus e t m om entum catalogorum . Catalogi enim paene omnes num m os H ungaricos quoque — p lu ra a u t pauciora
— proferunt, sed non nisi catalogi collectionum m aiorum m em oratu digni sunt.
I V . Indices generales numm orum repertorum. H aec p ars continet d a ta indicum secundum varias rationes com positorum , qui indices rep e rta sive periodi cuiusdam longioris sive regionis cuiusdam describunt, ergo — ob genus proprium suum — ad aetatem ullam d efinitam adiungi non possunt.
V. M edium Aevum (S u m m a riu m ). M onum enta bibliographica totu m Medium A evum sp ectantia.
V I. Aetas Arpadiana (Saecula X I —X I I I )
V I I . M edium Aevum Extrem um (Saecula X I V —X V ) . H ae partes continent m onum enta, quae num mos e t historiam m onetalem ae ta tu m in titu lis indicatarum explicant.
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E adem est ratio m ateriam ae ta tu m posteriorum distribuendi, e t quidem : V I I I ■ Recentius Aevum (S u m m a riu m )
I X . Recentius A evum (ab anno M D X X V I usque ad annum M D G G L) X . Recentius Aevum ( ab anno M D CC L usque ad annum, M D C C C L V II) X I . Recentius Aevum (ab anno M D C C C L V II usque ad annum M C M. X V I I I )
X I I . Recentius Aevum (ab anno M C M X I X usque ad annum M C M L X X I I 1 ) .
H aec periodisatio unam e t solam rationem habet : historiam m onetalem . Ita q u e p ars IX m onum enta ad rem m onetarum cusarum a medio saeculo X V I usque a d m edium saeculum X V III — re vera parem — sp ectan tia com plectitur, pars X an alecta ad ligam conventionalem spectantia, pars X I ea a d historiam num m orum M onarchiae A ustriaco-H ungarieae p e rtin e n tia , denique pars X I I m onum enta historiae num m orum H ungáriáé sui iuris continet. I n d atis bibliographicis aevi recentioris prodendis selec
tione quadam uti debuim us. N am res m onetales H’ungariae e t provinciarum A ustriacarum tem pore dom us regnatricis A ustriacae (annis M D X X V I—
MXMXVI11) nim irum artissim e in ter se connexaeerant. Ita q u e nonnunquam d u b ita ri po test, u tru m sc rip ta quaedam a d H ungaros p e rtin ea n t ac non p e rtin e a n t. Com m entatiunculae complures editae su n t, quae rem m oneta
lem diversarum provinciarum A ustriacarum tra c ta n t, ergo non directe rem num ism aticam H ungaricam sp ectan t, tam en referendae videri p o tu e ru n t, quia — praecipue a saeculo X V II — constitutiones provinciarum m onetales plerum que in H un g aria quoque ra ta e erant. E num eratio autem illius generis com m entariolorum m ateriam colligendam nim ium am plifica
visset. I n hoc problém aié non levi decernendo res peroppo rtun a ostende
b a tu r: elenchum publicationum aliena quoque th em a ta tra c ta n tiu m o m it
tere potuim us, quia Gü n t h e r Pr o b s z x anno MGMLIV edendum cura
v it librum qui „Quellenkunde der Münz- u n d Geldgeschichte der eh em a
ligen Ö sterreichisch-U ngarischen M onarchie” (Fontes historiam num m o
rum m onetarum que regni quondam M onarchia A ustriaco-H ungarica dicti illustran tes) inscribitur, e t qui bibliographiam uberrim am continet;
liber ille postea d.uobus supplem entis auctus est. Corpora e t catalogi nim irum alia ratione aestim anda eran t. Opus citatum quivis in p ro m p tu habet, immo homines docti, si historiam m onetalem H ungaricam recentioris aevi pervestigaturi su n t, eo carere non possunt.
O pus tam en Prohsztii quam vis copiosam m ateriam habens bibliographiae nostrae m unia explere non p otest. P rim um , quia m ultum abest ab ub er
ta te huius nostri libri, quam quam bibliographiam m onetarum to ta M onar
chia cusarum , itaque historiam m onetalem H ungaricam quoque elaborat.
D einde — e t praecipue — quia omnes titu los publicationum quacum que lingua gentium M onarchiae scrip taru m non nisi in sermonem G erm anicum tran slato s edit. Ita q u e , exem pli gratia, titu li H ungarici magno labore H ungaris doctis investigandi su n t, u t eos in studiis H ungarice scriptis afferre possint.
X I I I . Aetas liakócziana. Bibliographiam huius aetatis copiosam in p a rte se p ara ta referimus. H ic s u n t m onum enta, quae m onetas cusas tem pore pugnae pro lib ertate recu p eran d a a Francisco II. Rákóczi initae tra c ta n t.
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Simili modo p artes separatas form ant m onum enta ad historiam m onetalem h aru m regionum sp ectan tia:
X I V . P rincipatus Transylvaniae et X V . Slavonia e t Croatia.
X V I . Provinciae. Monetae ex necessitate. Monetae a privatis cusae. Rela
tiones Hungaricae numm orum externorum. Haec pars d a ta heterogena con
tinet-. N am iiic s u n t congesta sc rip ta de num m is provinciarum H ungáriáé, de num m is a p riv a tis cusis, de m onetis ex necessitate, de num m is externis a d form am H ungaricam cusis, de num m is H ungaricis peregre signatis, denique sc rip ta de m onetis externis, quae qualicum que modo ad Hungaros spectant. E rgo ratio huius p artis componendae erat, u t analecta rem n u m m ariam H ungaricam illu straren t.
X V I I . Charta monetalis. D a ta bibliographica hic prom iscue com prehen
d u n tu r: sc rip ta de chartis m onetalibus ex A ustria provenientibus, quae in H un g aria in usu eran t; de notis m ensarum e t de notis rei publicae, neonon de chartis ex necessitate, quae qualicum que modo rem num m ariam H ungaricam illustrant.
Scripta de num m is m em oriae alicuius aut alicuius rei inscriptis tribus p artibu s co m p lectu n tu r:
X V I I I . N u m m i memoriales (S um m arium )
X I X , N u m m i memoriales vetustiores (ante a nnum M D G C C L X V II) X X . N u m m i memoriales recentiores (post annum M D G C C L X V II).
Duas superiores periodos practice medium saeculum MCM disiungit, theoretice autem annus MDCCCLXVII. Annus ille caesura aestim ari debet, quia per sp atiu m viginti annorum post pugnam pro lib e rta te initam fab ri
catio m edaliarum in H ungaria quasi omnino interm issa erat. Paucae meda- liae apud nos fabricatae omnes provenientiam Viennensem pro se ferunt.
Non nisi doubus deceniis post pugnam exactis a p p a re n t num m i memoriales in H u n g aria fabricati, p o st annum MDCCCLXVII, quam ob rem hunc annum ap u d nos notissim um confinium in ter duas p a rte s instituim us.
In duabus p a rtib u s superioribus non solum te x tu u m publicationes enum era
vim us, sed m entionem fecimus num m orum m em orialium quoque, quarum imagines in periodicis a nobis inspectis videntur. Causae huius generis saepe scrupulum iniciebant, nam imagines non nisi paucissim is verbis descriptae su n t, illae tam en ad cognoscenda opera artificu m nonnihil, immo m u ltu m contrib u un t. N im irum imagines eiusmodi in aliis periodicis e t actis diurnis — a nobis non inspectis -- reperiri possunt, sed, u t iam supra dixim us, m unus u t om nia periodica et a c ta d iurna in H ungaria edita inspicerem us, suscipere non potuim us.
X X L Tessera. Insigne
X X I I . Ordo. Ornamentum. T ituli duarum p artiu m superiorum accurate dem onstrant quae analecta in iis sunt — scilicet solum ea quae a d H ungáriám
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p e rtin en t. Hic referimus opera, quae de om nibus obiectis num miformibus sc rip ta su n t, quae obiectanec m onetae, nec num mi memoriales dici possunt.
X X I I I . Collectiones 'privatae. Collectores nummorum. Periti nummorum.
H uic p a rti inseruim us m onum enta de num m is colligendis, de operis et collectionibus doctorum et indagatorum H ungarorum , de studiis eorundem scientificis scripta.
X X I V . M usea. Collectiones publicae. Publicationes de corporibus the- saurisque collectionum publicarum , notificationes increm entorum m use
orum e t alia huiusce modi scrip ta hac p a rte continentur. Quod ad spatium tem poris an te annum MCM XVIII, s ta tu m illius tem poris H ungáriáé re spexim us. I d est omnes publicationes proferim us, quae corpora collec
tio nu m illu stran t, etsi illae collectiones in territorio rerum publicarum circum iacentium sitae sun t, quia a n te annum M CM XVIII hae nummo- thecae H ungaricae eran t, e t in om nibus fere collectionibus publicis ple
ru m q ue m ateria argum enti H ungarici congesta e t elabo rata erat. Post annum M CM XVIII condicio m u ta ta est, illarum collectionum m onum enta u lterio ra praeterm isim us. U bi collectiones publicas in ordinem urbium redegim us, nom en urbium hodiernum in uncis inclusimus.
X X V . Societates. Sodalitates
X X V I . Expositiones. Congressus. D uae superiores partes m onum enta am p lectu n tu r, quae de societatibus (consociationibus, circulis, etc.) H u n garorum , tu m de expositionibus num m orum , denique de congressibus coetibusque quoquo modo num ism aticam H ungaricam spectantibus agunt.
X X V I I . Technica. Restauratio. Sub hoc titu lo com prehendim us scripta, quae de num m is fabricandis, cudendis, flandis, generati de processibus num m orum form andorum technicis, atq u e de supellectilibus officinarum, necnon de num m is detergendis, conservandis, a u t etiam in plura exem plaria reficiendis edita erant.
X X V I I I . Miscellanea. H ac p a rte om nia d a ta proferim us, quorum a r
gum entum ad num ism aticam nonnihil a ttin e t, a tta m e n nulli partiu m su p e
riorum inseri possunt.
A t co n tra non referim us recensiones librorum et com m entariorum , quia illae — usu observato — rarissim e com m unicant aliud, quam sum m a
rium brevius au t latius argum enti publicationum . Elencho huius generis d ato ru m , re -vera inutilium , ob num erum periodicorum assidue crescentem, sp atiu m vastissim um dandum fuisset.
E d itio m ateriae nostrae om nino praescripta generalia et usum com m u
nem bibliographiarum observat. Non nisi raro — si res quaedam specialis p o stu la b a t - a praescriptis digressi sum us. T itiüum uniuscuiusque pub li
cationis (libri, com m entationis, com m entatiunculae, scripti brevioris) in form a sua originali, ita u t loco citato legi potest, proferim us. Sic ev itatu ri eram us am biguitates atq u e errores e com m utatione scripturae nonnunquam natos. D a ta om nium partiu m in ordinem alphabeticum redegimus, rationem habentes nom inum auctorum , a u t — si publicatio quaedam nom en auctoris non praefert — verborum , quibus titu li incipiunt.
S cripta pseudonom inibus, nom inibus abbreviatis, a u t solum litteris siglisve n o ta ta m agnam difficultatem a ttu le ru n t. In huiusm odi casibus
2 A m agyar numizmatika . 1 7
operam dabam us, u t, si fieri p o tera t — loco abbreviationum e t litteraru m nom ina integra supplerem us ita , u t p artes suppletas uncis inclusim us (ex.
gr. G . . . n = G [OH L Ödö]n). Si potestas supplendi non d a b a tu r, a b b re viationes form a in originali inseruim us ordini alphabetico, e t quidem ita, u t litterae ubique nom ina integra praecederent. Si argum entum p ublica
tionis cuiusdam e titu lo non plane cognoscitur, argum entum paucis verbis p o st titu lu m , micis inclusum , indicavim us.
Operam datorum conquirendorum anno M CM LX X III absolvim us.
Bibliographiae index nom inum adicitur. Hio ordine alphabetico su b seq u u n tu r omnes auctores, quorum nom ina in partib u s d u o detrigin ta le
g u n tu r (nec non pseudonom ina e t abbreviationes). Apud nom en unum - quidque inven iun tu r num eri colum narum om nium publicationum , quae ab illo auctore scriptae in bibliographia relatae sunt. Si pseudonom ina, nom ina a b b rev iata e t litterae suppleri p o tu era n t, post pseudonom en au t abbreviationem protulim us nom en integrum , apudque illud om nes num eri colum narum ad id nomen attin en tes u n a reperiu ntu r. Sic efficere voluim us, u t om nia scripta a nobis cognita uniuscuiusque auctoris uno eodem que loco, post nomen suum , ostenderentur. N im irum indicis abbreviationes omnes insertae su nt, u t qui com m entationem quandam tali in form a scrip
tam invenit, fidem com m entationis recognoscere posset. Num eri eas colum nas indicant, ubi nom en auctoris legitur. Ordo enim num erorum non nisi secundum paginas, sed etiam secundum colum nas n o ta tu s est.
De compositione indicis rerum ob difficultates operae desistendum erat.
D ubium non est, quin m agnum usum praebeat index reperto rum num m orum . Sed a d huiusm odi indicem com ponendum opus esset om nibus commen- tatiun culis proprie excerptis, quia nom ina repertorum in titu lis p u blica
tionum non semper leguntur. Ite m usui esse posset index nom inum a rtifi
cum illorum , qui num m os m em oriales produxerunt, sed hac quoque in causa eaedem difficultates insuperabiles occurrebant. A t contra, si non om nia d a ta , ta n tu m ea, quae in titu lis leguntur, protulissem us, m unere h aud integro, iramo valde fragm entoso functi essemus. Ind ex rerum singula d a ta complectens alioqui supervacaneus videtur, quod m ateria to ta ratio n i
bus definitis d istrib u ta est ita , u t unusquisque facillime, m agno sine labore, id quo sibi opus est, reperire possit.
Non ignoram us opus huius generis, quam quam diligentissime e t accu ratis
sime com positum , nunquam perfectionem absolutam a ttin g e re posse.
Fieri non p o test quin d a ta quaedam , quae in bibliographia n o stra non leguntur, ap pareant. A t com plura milia m onum entorum congestorum per se te s ta n tu r tem pus m axim um esse, u t bibliographia huius generis compo
n a tu r, quoniam ob num erum magis m agisque crescentem publicationum stud ia num ism aticam illu stran tia haud perspici possunt. Quo argum ento potentissim o probatum habem us bibliographiam num ism aticae H ungaricae perquam necessariam esse.
18
INTRODUCTION
As long ago as the year 1954 a plan was scheduled, in official form , to compile th e bibliographical d a ta of th e H ungarian num ism atic litera tu re in such a way th a t this m aterial should supplem ent the publication ,,A K özép-D unam edence régészeti bibliográfiája a legrégibb időktől a X I . száza
dig” (“ Archaeological B ibliography o f th e Middle D anube Basin from th e E arliest D ays up to th e 11th C en tu ry ” ) by Já n o s Ba n n e r and Im r e
Ja k a b f f y. For th a t very reason th e work m entioned deliberately disregar
ded th e processing and publication of num ism atical data. This gave a s ta r t to th e collection of num ism atical literature, w ith th e instructions of th e N atio nal Centre of Museums th a t was th en still active, though extending it by th e com pilation of th e entire literatu re of th e H ungarian subject.
The whole of th e m aterial th a t h a d been accum ulated in the course of tim e was divided by a n a tu ra l line into two clearly delineated groups. One of th em covers th e d a ta of num ism atic litera tu re connected with th e h istory o f ancien t tim es and of th e m igration period across th e territo ry of th e C arp ath ian basin. Accordingly it is parallel in content to the work by B anner and Ja k ab ffy . The other p a rt contains literary d a ta about th e H ungarian h istory of coinage, num ism atic a rts an d collection of coins since th e 11th centu ry up to th e present.
W ith a literatu re com pilation which was by no means complete so far as th e first group was concerned, i.e. since th e checking of th e far reaching litera tu re of th e surrounding sta te s dealing w ith ancient history a n d a r chaeology has been perform ed only in p a rt, while on the other h an d w ith 1 he second group being a collection of m aterials so advanced th a t it can be tak en as complete, we decidcd th a t solely th is second group should be p u b lished as a tem porary measure. Furth erm o re, due to its ex te n t th e whole m aterial would, in any case, have been published in two parts. The absence of a no tew orthy H ungarian num ism atic bibliography also m otivates th e publication of the d a ta elab o rated till now, w ithout waiting for th e com pletion of th e search for m aterials for th e first p a rt.
This com pilation covers th e en tire accessible H ungarian literatu re having a H un garian reference. The collected m aterial has been classified according to certain periods. In order th a t th e relevant bibliographical m aterial could be found as easy as possible, it was decided th a t it should n o t be divided into too m any periods. The aim was to enum erate even th e m ost m oderate publication attainab le, dealing w ith th e history of H ungarian coinage,
num ism atic a rts and collection of medals. W ithin the bounds of possibility all d a ta concerning H ungarian num ism atics were processed no m a tte r where published, i.e. w hether in H ungary or abroad- However, d a ta which m ight well have been indirectly useful to H ungarian nu m ism atists or scholars but having no direct H ungarian links were ignored, since such a kind of collection would have been too far-reaching and it would have been difficult to fix th e lim its. The d a ta of num ism atic writings issued in H u n garian publications b u t having no H ungarian reference were sim ilarly dis
regarded. We set ourself th e aim of representing the bibliographical d a ta o f th e specific literatu re explicitly H ungarian or having a H ungarian con
cern with no intention of providing more. W ith this object in m ind we checked all th e num ism atic, archaeological, historical a n d a rtis tic periodi
cals, journals and the bibliographies published till now. N a tu ra lly it would have been impossible to u nd ertake to include every num ism atic insertion in every m agazine an d new spaper or to review every single one, n ev erthe
less, when an item , published anyw here came to our knowledge we did our best to include it.
Those periodicals review ed regularly are enum erated in a separate list which contains, a t th e sam e tim e, th e abbreviations of frequently quoted periodicals. An effo rt was made to compare and, where possible, to recon
cile these abbreviations in accordance w ith general practice, though certain am endm ents were m ade in th e interests of providing g reater clarity. As far as possible we used abbreviations from which it is easy to conclude the entire title of th e given publication th ereb y obviating exhaustive checking up in th e list which w ould otherwise be unavoidable if using m erely letters or signs. In th e ease o f periodicals, as a rule solely th e heading a n d place of publication are given — though exceptions are th e changes of addresses.
In these cases th e commencing year of each change is indicated, too.
The bibliographical d a ta are classified according to th e following 28 specialized groups.
I . Bibliographies. This group includes bibliographical selections publis
hed till now.
I I . General works. Summ aries. Contains publications dealing w ith the history of H un garian coinage in general; th e group also contains th eo reti
cal studies; an d th ere are articles informing about num ism atic concepts too. In brief, th ere are included m ainly publications which cannot be a t tached closely to an y specific period as well as publications w ith contents covering more th a n one period.
I I I . Catalogues of coins. In this p a rt are enum erated th e d a ta o f sale or auction catalogues of different firms, etc., dealing w ith coins, contain
ing wholly or a t least m ainly H ungarian m aterial. I t seem ed necessary to ad o p t here a kin d o f selection according to the scientific or collector’s significance of th e catalogues, as n early all catalogues enu m erate more or less H ungarian coins an d medals, too. I t is, however, worthwhile considering only those catalogues informing about larger and more coherent collections.
I V . Sum m arized lists of coin findings enum erate d a ta from lists o f findings compiled according to different aspects, reviewing coin findings of a longer period or of certain area. Consequently these lists, because of
th e ir sum m arizing character, could n o t be atta ch e d to an y of th e defin ite periods.
V. M iddle Ages (sum m ary).Bibliographical d a ta of com m unications, publications covering th e entire Middle Ages.
V I. Age of the Á rpáds (11th—13f/l centuries).
V I I . Late M iddle Ages (14ht— 15th centuries). These p a rts comprise a synthesis of special litera tu re on th e h istory of coinage during th e periods in d icated in th e headings. A sim ilar principle has been adopted in grouping th e m aterial relating to la te r ages, according to th e following schedule:
V I I I . M odern times (sum m ary) I X . Modern times (1526— 1750)
X . M odern times (1750—1857) X I . Modern times (1857— 1918) X I I . M odern times (1919— 1973)
The above arrangem ent o f periods tak es into consideration exclusively th e aspects of the history o f coinage. Accordingly, P a r t IX includes lite ra tu re on th e essentially homogeneous coining in th e period from th e m iddle o f th e 16th century to th e m iddle of th e 18th century; P a r t X contains a com pilation o f bibliographical d a ta relating to the m onetary system based on conventions; P a r t X I is broadly concerned w ith th e literatu re of th e A ustro-H ungarian M onarchy, an d finally, P a rt X I I details a com p ilation of th e history o f coinage in independent H ungary. Nevertheless, publication of th e bibliographical m aterial o f the m odern tim es needed some selecting. Nam ely, in th e period from 1526 to 1918, i.e. a t th e tim e of th e H apsburg E m pire, th e m inting of th e H ungarian a n d th e A ustrian provinces were closely correlated as a m a tte r of course. As a result it is n o t alw ays unam biguous w hether certain publications have a H ungarian bearing or not. A num b er o f part-research papers have been published dealing explicitly w ith m intage of different A ustrian provinces, for this reason th e y are neither on H ungarian su bject-m atter nor connected w ith H u n g ary . All the same, th e ir registration probably could have been consid
ered as m ainly since th e 17th century th e financial rules valid in th e given province were usually in force in H ungary, too. The inclusion of these d a ta , however, would have led to a too widespread search for m aterial.
In th e course of solving th is ticklish problem we found ourselves in a favour
able position as the publication “ Quellenkunde der Münz- u n d Geldgeschichte der ehemaligen Ö sterreichisch-Ungarischen M onarchie” (Source-book on th e H isto ry of Coinage a n d of Medals in the L ate A ustro-H ungarian M onarchy) compiled by Gü n t e r Pr o b s z t and issued in 1954, containing a b u n d a n t bibliographical d a ta , released us from taking into our collection th e d a ta o f publications o f th is kind, which have a foreign subject-m atter.
This publication was even com plem ented later on by tw o Supplem ents.
Com prehensive corpora a n d catalogues were n atu rally judged from another stan d p o in t. This work is a t th e disposal of everybody and is, in any case, indispensable to researchers o f th e recent history of H ungarian coinage.
21
Even so, in spite of its ample m aterial, P ro b szt’s work is no su b stitu te for our com pilation. To begin w ith though it elaborates the literatu re of the entire D ual M onarchy, a n d th u s th e literature on the history of H ungarian coinage, it is by far n o t so volum inous as the present compilation. Secondly, an d particularly , because it quotes the titles published on the languages of th e nationalities of the M onarchy — though only tra n sla ted into German.
As a result, for H ungarian researchers the H ungarian titles o f these d a ta have to be painstakingly checked a t th e places referred to before th ey can be used for studies or quotations in th e H ungarian language.
X I I I . T im es of the K uruts. The abundant literatu re concerning the independent coinage o f th e fight for freedom headed by Ferenc Rákóczi I I has been b ro ugh t to g eth er separately.
Similarly, th e bibliographical m aterial dealing w ith th e history o f coinage of X I V . The Principality of Transylvania a n d
X V . Slavonia and Croatia represent separate groups.
X V I . Provinces. Emergency currencies. Private coinage. Foreign relati
ons. The group covers heterogeneous elem ents, as here are compiled d a ta of th e literatu re dealing w ith coins of the H ungarian provinces, with private coinage, w ith em ergency currencies of m etal, w ith foreign curren
cies stam ped on models o f H ungarian coins, w ith H ungarian types fu r
nished w ith a foreign counterm ark as well as w ith foreign coins sho
wing any k ind of H ungarian reference. In sh o rt, th e H ungarian aspect served here as the principle of selection.
X V I I . Paper money. U nder this title appears th e literatu re dealing w ith the circulation of A ustrian notes in H un gary and w ith H ungarian banknotes and w ith treasu ry bills as well as with p a p e r em ergency currencies having some H ungarian relevance.
The litera tu re on medals on H ungarian subjects has been classified into three p a rts:
X V 111. Medals (sum m ary)
X I X . Ancient medals (before 1867)
X X . M odern medals (since ISó?1,). The dividing d a ta bet ween the second an d th ird of these groups is roughly th e middle of th e 19th century, i.e. the year 1867. This date can be regarded as a line o f dem arcation between the two m edal groups insofar as during the two decades following th e W ar of Independence practically no medals were struck or ra th e r th e few medals made were produced in Vienna. I t was only a fte r 1867, i.e. in th e seven
ties th a t com m em orative medals made in H un gary appeared -- which is all th e more reason for taking th is wellknown d a te as a lim it point. These two groups, X IX an d X X , enum erate not only publications w ith tex t but also d a ta of com m em orative m edals presented m erely as an illustration in periodicals reviewed by us. Here we face an extrem e ease because it h a p pens fairly frequently th a t these illustrations contain solely a few lines o f statem en t . Nevertheless these pictures of medals belong closely to the knowledge o f a rtistic work of m edallists. N aturally, sim ilar illustrations
o f medals could be found sporadically in newspapers an d journals not revi- wed by us, however as m entioned earlier, one cannot u n d ertak e to search th e complete m aterial of th e H ungarian newspapers, periodicals and journals.
X X I . Tokens. Badges
X X I I . Orders. Badges of honour.The headings of bo th series precisely d enote the n a tu re o f d a ta included, taking into consideration purely H ungarian references of course. Also enum erated is th e inform ation at our disposal ab o u t all medal-like objects which cannot be regarded as coins nor as com m em orative medals.
X X I I I . Collection of medals. Collectors. N um ism atists. This group represents an enum eration of d a ta concerning H ungarian coin collections, inform ation about th e a c tiv ity and collections of H ungarian [collectors as well as the scientific a c tiv ity of H ungarian num ism atic research officials a n d specialists.
X X I V . M useum s. Public collections.This group includes publications on medal cabinets an d collections of coins in public collections, reports of rec e n t acquisitions of museums a n d sim ilar miscellaneous d a ta . In respect o f th e sta te before th e year 1918, th e conditions o f H ungary o f th a t tim e were tak en into consideration. This means th a t included are also publica
tions on collections o f m edals in th e possession of public collections located on th e territo ry of sta te s now bordering on our country. To be specific, u n til the year 1918 these were H ungarian colllections and th e public collec
tio n s generally contained a collection and elaboration of m ainly H ungarian m aterial. In th a t conditions, changed after 1918, we ignored th e literature concerning th eir subsequent destiny. In th e list of public collections arranged according to th e place of occurrence th e actual nam es of th e towns are in d icated in brackets.
X X V. Societies. Associations
X X V I. Exhibitions. Congresses.B oth groups comprise literature relating to th e H ungarian num ism atic associations (study circles, working groups, etc.) as well as to exhibitions in th e field of num ism atics an d finally to H ungarian references of num ism atic congresses an d m eetings.
X X V I I . Technology. Restoration.The designation includes publications concerning the production o f coins, m inting, casting, technological processes of coinage in general, in ad dition th e equipm ent o f m ints a n d finally clean
ing, preservation or occasionally copying processes of coins.
X X V I I I . Miscellaneous. All d a ta more or less related to num ism atics in consequence of th e ir su b ject-m atter, though n o t classifiable into the groups m entioned previously are enum erated here.
On th e other hand, th e list of bibliographical d a ta excludes book reviews, reviews about articles, an d studies as experience has shown th a t these are hardly more th a n a sh o rter or longer a b stra ct of th e publication re
viewed. Owing to th e continually increasing num ber of num ism atic period
icals, th e mass of reviews of th is kind would have occupied a great deal of space w ith little p rac tic a l b e n e fit.
23
%
C itation o f the m aterial was carried out generally taking into considera
tion th e universally accepted rules and common usage applied to publica
tion o f bibliographical d a ta . I t was necessary to d e p a rt from the rules only in extrem e cases, e.g. unusual forms of publication. The heading of every publication (book, study, article and sm aller publication) is given in its original form , precisely as w ritten in th e place ju st referred to. Our aim was to avoid, in th is way, th e m isunderstandings and errors arising from transcriptions. All groups contain th e d a ta listed in alphabetical order accordaing to th e register of writers. In lack of an au th o r th e first word of th e title was taken into consideration.
A great deal of difficulty arose from th e pseudonym ous publications and publications provided only with abbreviations of nam es or m arked with letters or symbols. An effort was made to explain th e abbreviations and to w rite o u t in full th e nam es where possible; this has been done in such a way t h a t th e explained p a rts are given in square brackets (e.g. G . . . n —
= G [O H L Ödö]n}. In cases where no explan ation was found, the abbrevia
tions were inserted in alphabetical order in th e ir original form: to be more precise, in th e list a t each lette r th e full names are preceded by th e letter sym bols. I n cases where th e title quoted does n o t reveal definitively the contents of th e publication in question, a sh o rt indication o f the publica
tio n ’s su b ject-m atter is given in brackets following th e d a ta of the title referred to.
T he collection of d a ta was term in ated, in principle, in th e year 1973.
The bibliographical com pilation is com pleted by an a u th o r index. The nam es of th e authors to g eth er w ith pseudonym s a n d abbreviations occurring in th e 18 groups are listed here in alphabetical order and each name is followed b y th e colum n num bers of all d a ta quoted, w ritten by the given au tho r. W here we succeeded in explaining th e pseudonym s, abbreviations of nam es an d sym bol letters, th e original nam e is given, subsequently th e pseudonym or abbreviation in question, a n d th is is followed by all th e column num bers belonging to th e nam e concerned, arranged into one group. These reference num bers indicate th e serial num ber/s of column/s where th e nam e concerned appears. Thus p ag in ation was arranged accord
ing to th e columns and also in pursuance w ith th e pages, th e aim of this being th a t each a u th o r should have th e indications of all his/her works know n by us, in one place, following his/her nam e. As a m atte r of course th e list of nam es contains all abbreviations so th a t th e reader finding a kind of reference in th e literatu re in such a form , w ould be able to check th e accuracy o f th e quotation.
I n view of the difficulties connected w ith th e com pilation, we had to give up th e idea of preparing a subject index. C ertainly th e publication of, say, th e list of coin findings would have rendered a service b ut then we w ould have had to digest every article from th is aspect as th e names of the findings are n ot alw ays included in th e headings of th e publications. In th e field of m edals it w ould have been sim ilarly suitable to publish th e register of m edallist a rtists b u t here we faced likewise a deadlock. On th e o ther h an d only an incomplete, fragm en ted work would have resulted when not publishing all th e d a ta included in th e publication, sim ply those com prised in th e title. On this basis we are able to say th a t a d etailed su b ject index would be superfluous since the whole m aterial is 24
classified according to such clear, definite principles th a t it is possible to fin d th e specific p a rt of the m aterial needed, w ith no difficulty w h at
soever.
We realize t h a t a com pilation of this kind undor th e conditions of even the m ost diligent search could never reach absolute perfection. No d o u b t d a ta will come to light which should have been included. This is, however, inevitable. Even so th e thousands of d a ta compiled them selves dem onstrate th a t th e tim e was ripe for preparing such a bibliography, as if things con
tinu e in th is w ay, th e rapidly growing num ber of literatu re quotations will render an y a tte m p t a t orientation in the field of th e H ungarian literature on num ism atics increasingly difficult.
The above circum stances all emphasize th e need to publish th e present H ungarian num ism atic bibliography.
25
EINLEITUNG
Der P lan d er Sam mlung der bibliographischen D aten der ungarischen num ism atischen L ite ra tu r wurde 1954 in am tlicher F orm aufgeworfen. Dieses M aterial sollte das W erk von Já n o s Ba n n e r u n d Im r e Ja k a b f f y
,,A K özép-D unam edence régészeti bibliográfiája a legrégibb időktől a X I.
századig“ (Archäologische Bibliographie des M ittleren D onaubeckens von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum 11. Ja h rh u n d ert), ergänzen. Die erw ähnte Arbeit v erzichtete aufgrund dieser Erw ägung absichtlich a u f die Auf
arbeitung u n d Veröffentlichung der num ism atischen D aten. So begann im Auftrag der dam als noch tätig en Landeszentrale der Museen die Sammlung des num ism atischen M aterials, jedoch erw eitert durch die Zusam m enstel
lung der gesam ten num ism atischen L ite ratu r m it ungarischer Beziehung.
Das im Laufe der Zeit angehäufte M aterial lä ß t sich in zwei gut abgrenz- bare G ruppen teilen. D er eine Teil um faßt die L ite ra tu rd a te n bezüglich der Geschichte des K arpatenbeckens im A ltertum u n d zur Zeit der Völker
wanderung, verläu ft also parallel zum M aterial des W erkes von B anner und Jak ab ffy, der andere Teil e n th ä lt die D aten der L ite ra tu r über die ungarische Geldgeschichte, M edaillenkunst u n d M ünzensammlung vom 11. Ja h rh u n d e rt bis zu unseren Tagen.
Die M aterialsam m lung der ersten Gruppe ist bei weitem nicht vollstän
dig, d.h. noch nich t abgeschlossen, weil die D urchsicht der weitverzweigten, sich m it a n tik e r Geschichte und Archäologie befassenden L ite ra tu r der be
nach b arten S ta ate n erst teilweise durchgeführt wurde. D a aber die M ate
rialsam m lung d er zweiten G ruppe bereits so w eit fortgesch ritten ist, daß m an sie p rak tisc h als abgeschlossen b etrachten kann, w ird vorläufig nur diese zweite G ruppe veröffentlicht. Infolge des großen Um fanges des gan
zen M aterials h ä tte m an es ohnehin in zwei Teilen publizieren müssen. Auch das Fehlen einer beachtensw erten ungarischen num ism atischen B ibliogra
phie begründet die Ausgabe d er bereits bearbeiteten D atenm enge, ohne den Abschluß d er M aterialsam m lung des ersten Teiles abzuw arten.
Diese A rbeit e n th ä lt die gesam te erreichbare L ite ra tu r m it ungarischem Them a bzw. ungarischer Beziehung, u n d das gesam m elte M aterial ist in gewisse F ach g ru p p en aufgeteilt. W ir waren b em üht, das M aterial nicht zu sta rk zu zergliedern, dam it das Auffinden des zusam m engehörigen biblio
graphischen M aterials m öglichst einfach u n d leicht sei. U nser Ziel war, jede erreichbare, auch die einfachste M itteilung zu erfassen, die über die ungarische Geldgeschichte, M edaillenkunst u n d M ünzensam m lung erschie-
27
nen ist. Jede Angabe, die in U ngarn oder im A usland über die ungarische N um ism atik erschienen ist, wurde aufgearbeitet, natü rlich in den Grenzen der Möglichkeit. Die D aten jedoch, die wohl m itte lb ar auch für die u n gari
schen N um ism atiker nützlich wären, ab er keine un m ittelb are ungarische Beziehung haben, blieben u nbeachtet. E ine solche Sam mlung h ä tte näm lich zu w eit g eführt u n d wäre schwer abzugrenzen. Ebenso wurden M itteilungen n ich t aufgenom m en, die zwar in ungarischen Ausgaben erschienen, aber in keiner Beziehung zur ungarischen N um ism atik standen. Das angestrebte Ziel w ar also, die bibliographischen D aten der L ite ra tu r m it ausgesprochen ungarischem Them a bzw. ungarischer Beziehung zu veröffentlichen, u nd m ehr wollen wir nich t bieten. Zu diesem Zwecke w urden säm tliche in den ungarischen öffentlichen Bibliotheken erreichbaren num ism atischen, a r chäologischen, Geschichts- und K u n stzeitsch riften durchgesehen und die bisher erschienenen Bibliographien b earbeitet. N atü rlich konnten wir nich t alle Zeitschriften u n d Zeitungen a u f num ism atische M itteilungen durchse
hen, erhielten wir jedoch über publizietre D aten K enntnis, bem ühten wir uns, diese zu verarbeiten.
Die system atisch durchgesehenen Fachzeitschriften werden in einer sep araten Liste angeführt. Diese L iste e n th ä lt auch die A bkürzungen der häufig zitierten Zeitschriften. Diese A bkürzungen w urden w eitgehend der allgem einen P raxis angepaßt. U m jedoch dem Leser ein mühevolles R ü c k suchen zu ersparen, haben wir in einigen Fällen anstelle einzelner B uch
sta b e n oder Zeichen leichter verständliche A bkürzungen verw endet. Bei Z eitschriften w ird allgemein n u r der T itel u n d der A usgabeort verm erkt.
A usnahm e bilden die T iteländerungen, in diesen Fällen w ird das A nfangsjahr jed er Ä nderung m itgeteilt.
Die bibliographischen D aten w urden in folgende 28 F achgruppen u n te r
teilt.
I . Bibliographien. Diesee n th ä lt alle bisher erschienenen teilbibliog
raphischen M itteilungen.
I I . Allgemeine Werke .Zusammenfassungen. H ier bringen wir die sich m it d e r ungarischen Geldgeschichte allgemein beschäftigenden M itteilun
gen, die theoretischen Studien u n d die A rtikel, die einzelne num ism atische Begi’iffe behandeln, also hauptsächlich jene M itteilungen, die nich t eng an gewisse Z eitabschnitte gebunden sind oder deren In h a lt a u f m ehrere Perioden übergreift.
I I I . Münzkataloge. Diese Gruppe u m fa ß t die D aten jener V erkaufs
u n d V ersteigerungskataloge d er verschiedenen M ünzenhändler usw., die entw eder vollständig oder zum G roßteil ungarisches M aterial enthalten.
H ier m ußte eine gewisse Auswahl getroffen werden je nach der wissen
schaftlichen oder sam m lerischen B edeutung der K ataloge, denn fast jeder K a ta lo g e n th ä lt eine größere oder kleinere A nzahl ungarischer Prägungen, doch lo hnt sich n u r die B eachtung d er K ataloge, die größere zusam m en
hängende Sam m lungen enthalten.
I V . Zusammenfassende Listen von M ünzfunden. H ier wurden die D aten solcher nach verschiedenen G esichtspunkten zusam m engestellter F u n d v e r
zeichnisse aufgenom men, die entw eder die M ünzfunde über eine längere Zeitperiode oder eines gewissen Gebietes enthielten, die also infolge ihres 28
zusam m enfassenden C harakters nich t in eine bestim m te Periode einzu reihen sind.
V. Mittelalter (Zusamm en}assend). H ier sind die bibliographischen D aten d er a u f das gesam te M ittelalter bezüglichen M itteilungen z u sam m engestellt .
V I. Árpádenzeit (1 1 ,—13. J h .)
V I I . Spätmittelalter (1 4 .— 15. J h .). Die Zusam m enfassung der L ite ratu r, die das M ünzm aterial u n d die Geldgeschichte der in den Titeln bezeichneten Z eitab schn itte behandelt. N ach denselben Prinzipien w urde auch das M aterial der weiteren Perioden gruppiert:
V I I I . Neuzeit (Zusam m enfassend) I X . Neuzeit (1526— 1750)
X . Neuzeit (1750 1857) X I . Neuzeit (1 8 5 7 -1 9 1 8 ) X I I . Neuzeit (1 9 1 9 -1 9 7 3 )
Diese Zeiteinteilung w urde ausschließlich aus geldgeschichtlicher Sicht getroffen. So befindet sich die L ite ra tu r der wesentlich einheitlichen M ünz
prägung des Z eitabschnittes von der M itte des 16. J h . bis zur M itte des 18. J h . in der IX . G ruppe, in der X. Gruppe jene des K onventions-M ünz- system s, in der X I. hauptsächlich jene der Ö sterreichisch-U ngarischen M onarchie u n d schließlich in der X II. die Zusam m enstellung der lite ra ri
schen A ngaben über die Geldgeschichte des selbständigen U ngarns. Bei der M itteilung des neuzeitlichen bibliographischen M aterials w ar jedoch auch eine gewisse Ausw ahl notw endig. Im Z eitabsch nitt zwischen 1526 u n d 1918 w ar w ährend der H ab sb u rg er-H errschaft naturgem äß eine enge V erflechtung zwischen der M ünzprägung U ngarns u nd jener der österrei
chischen L än der en tstan d en . Infolge dessen ist es nich t im m er eindeutig, ob gewisse M itteilungen eine ungarische Beziehung haben oder nicht. Es erschienen zahlreiche T eilstudien, die ausgesprochen die M ünzprägung v e r
schiedener österreichischer L än d er behandeln, also weder ein ungarisches T hem a noch ungarischen Bezug haben, dennoch könnte m an an ihre A uf
nahm e denken, denn, haup tsäch lich seit dem 17. Ja h rh u n d e rt, w aren die in diesen L ändern gültigen F inanzvorschriften m eist auch in U ngarn gültig.
Die A ufnahm e dieser h ä tte aber in der M aterialsam m lung zu w eit gefüh rt.
Bei der Lösung dieser schwierigen Frage w ar fü r uns ein günstiger U m sta n d , daß die 1954 erschienene, reiches bibliographisches M aterial e n t
h alten de „Q uellenkunde d er Münz- u n d Geldgeschichte der ehem aligen Ö sterreichisch-U ngarischen M onarchie“ (nachträglich noch m it zwei
„ N a c h trä g en “ ergänzt),’zusam m engestellt von Gü n t e r Pr o b s z t, uns davon befreite, die D aten solcher M ittelungen m it frem dem Them a auch in unsere Sam m lung aufzunehm en, m it A usnahm e zusam m enfassender C orpora u n d K ataloge. Diese A rbeit s te h t jedem zu r V erfügung un d ist den F orschern der neuzeitlichen ungarischen Geldgeschichte ohnedies unentbehrlich.
A ber tro tz seines reichen M aterials k ann P ro bszts W erk unsere Zusam m en
stellung n ich t ersetzen. E rslen s weil es, obwohl es die L ite ra tu r d er Münz-
prägung der gesam ten M onarchie, also auch die L ite ra tu r der ungarischen Geldgeschichte, au farb eitet, bei weitem nicht so ausführlich ist wie unsere gegenwärtige Zusam m enstellung. Zweitens — u n d hauptsächlich — deshalb nicht, weil P ro b szt die T itel aller in den Sprachen der N atio n alitäten der M onarchie veröffentlicher M itteilungen in deutscher Ü bersetzung bringt, so daß zum Beispiel die ungarischen Forscher an den angeführten Stellen wegen der ungarischen Titel nachsehen müssen, um diese in ungarischen Studien bei Z itaten verw enden zu können.
X I I I . Kurutzenzeit. Die reiche L ite ra tu r bezüglich der selbständigen M ünzgeschichte des d urch F ranz I I. Rákóczi gefüh rten Freiheitskam pfes haben wir se p ara t zusam m engestellt. Gleicherweise bildet eine separate Gruppe das
X I V . Fürstentum Siebenbürgen und das bibliographische M aterial der Geldgeschichte bezüglich
X V . Slaw onien u n d Kroatien
X V I . Provinzen. Notgelder. Privatmünzprägung. Beziehungen zum A u s land. Diese G ruppe schließt heterogene E lem ente ein, denn hier wurden die L iteratu ran gaben über die Prägungen der ungarischen Provinzen, über die P rivatp rägu n g en, die nach ungarischem M uster geprägten frem den Münzen, die m it frem den Gegenstem peln versehenen ungarischen Münzen u n d schließlich ü b er alle ungarischen E influß zeigenden frem den Prägungen gesam m elt. D em nach ist das verbindende E lem ent aller in dieser Gruppe gesam m elten M itteilungen die ungarische Beziehung.
X V I I . Papiergeld. Die L ite ra tu r über den V erkehr dos österreichischen Papiergeldes in U ngarn, über die ungarischen B ank no ten, S taatsn o ten u n d über jegliches Papiernotgeld m it ungarischer B ezugnahm e wird hier gemeinsam angeführt.
Die L ite ra tu r der M edaillen m it ungarischem Them a teilten wir in drei G ru p p en :
X V I I I . M edaillen (Zusam m enfassend) X I X . Alte M edaillen (vor 1867)
X X . Neuere M edaillen (nach 1867). Zwischen den beiden letzteren G ruppen ist das Tei lungs jah r praktisch die M itte des 19. Ja h rh u n d e rts, theoretisch 1867. D ieser Z eitp u n k t ist n ur deshalb als Teilungsstrich zwi
schen den beiden M edaillengruppen zu b etrach ten, weil in den a u f den F reiheitsk am pf von 1848/49 folgenden zwei Ja h rz e h n te n in U ngarn die M edaillenanfertigung sozusagen vollständig unterblieb bzw. alles, was an M edaillen doch angefertigt wurde, W iener U rsprungs ist. N ur nach dem Ausgleich von 1867, in den siebziger Jah ren , erschienen in U ng arn erzeugte M edaillen, deshalb nahm en wir diese bekannte Jah re sz ah l als G renzpunkt.
In den beiden letzten G ruppen sind nich t n u r T ext-M itteilungen aufgezählt, sondern auch die D aten der M edaillen, die in den von uns durchgesehenen Z eitschriften n u r in A bbildungen publiziert w urden. H ier stehen wir einem Grenzfall gegenüber, denn obwohl neben einer solchen A bbildung oft nur 30
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