lipoic dehydrogenases of, 449, 450 peroxidase of, 436, 441
phosphoketolase of, 16
Leucylglycine, hydrolysis of, 299, 301 D^-Leucylglycylglycine, 306
hydrolysis of, 269, 298, 299, 301 Light, heme proteins and, 413-416 Light scattering, absorption spectra and,
368-369 Lipid(s),
accumulation of, 48 electron transport and, 321 synthesis, energy and, 46
Lipoflavoprotein, diaphorase and, 442 Lipoic acid, 5
cycles and, 12 diaphorase and, 443 electrode potential of, 449 lactate and, 78
pyruvate oxidation and, 22-23 respiratory chain and, 323 Stickland reaction and, 200 Lipoic dehydrogenase,
diaphorase and, 332 function of, 449
Liquid air, absorption spectra and, 369 Lithium chloride, cellulose and, 273 Liver,
enzyme activities of, 7 histidine and, 170, 171 metabolic quotients of, 6 Luciferase, 481, 482, 485
denaturation of, 499 flavin and, 332 mutants and, 502 purification of, 486 synthesis, 500
salt and, 494 Luciferin,
nature of, 481, 482-484 synthesis of, 496 Luminescence,
chemistry of, 480-490 drug action and, 497-499 electron transport and, 497-496 energy and, 507
factors affecting, 486-490, 492-495 historical, 479-480
kinetics of, 485 mutations and, 499-504 oxygen and, 495-496 Lycoperdon, chitinase of, 289 Lysine, fermentation of, 153, 173-175 Lysis,
enzyme liberation and, 268-269 luminescence and, 494-495, 504 Lysozyme, 220
extracellular, 268 occurrence of, 311
particle formation and, 377 products of, 312
Lyxoflavin, nucleotides of, 428 Lyxose, fermentation of, 111
Μ Malate, 25, 41, 192, 215, 219
acetate oxidation and, 232 electron transfer and, 211, 213 fermentation and, 82,101,102,105,106,
129, 158 formation of, 216
isotopic experiments and, 229-230 oxidation of, 221, 376
respiratory chain and, 323 sequential induction and, 235-236 Malic dehydrogenase, 322
bacterial particles and, 376 Malate synthetase, 241
occurrence of, 240-241
tricarboxylic acid cycle and, 239-240 Malic enzyme, 12
carbon dioxide fication and, 106 propionate and, 39
Malic-lactic dehydrogenase, properties of, 451
Malonate, 222
citrate oxidation and, 214-218 pyruvate oxidation and, 231
Malonyl coenzyme A, lipid synthesis and,46
Maltase, formation of, 283 Maltose,
amylases and, 281-283 fermentation of, 76, 102 luminescent bacteria and, 491 Maltose phosphorylase, 5
Mandelate, growth yield and, 41, 42 Manganous ions, 453
558 SUBJECT I N D E X
heme proteins and, 404
hydroxylamine reduction and, 452 Mannitol, 61
fermentation and, 63, 64, 94-96, 102, 108, 111, 121-123, 125
Mannose, fermentation of, 76, 104, 122, 123
Mannuronate, alginic acid and, 284-285 Melibiose, blood group substances and,
296 Menadione, 328
cytochrome c and, 331-332, 446 diaphorase and, 442, 443 growth stimulation and, 446 nitrate reduction and, 452
pyridine nucleotide peroxidase and, 437 reduction of, 433
significance of, 332 Menadione reductase, 331
streptococcal, 431
Mercaptan dehydrogenase, phosphoryla
tions and, 454
2-Mercaptoethanol, Stickland reaction and, 200
Mesaconase, characteristics of, 164 Mesaconate, glutamate fermentation
and, 163-168 Metabolic quotients, 6 Metalloflavoproteins, 403
electron transfer and, 330
nitrate reduction and, 416,452-453 Metaphosphate, 357
Methane, 61
fermentation and, 83, 131, 134-138, 152 pyruvate oxidation and, 24
Methane bacteria, fermentation by, 82 Methanobacterium formicicum, fermenta
tion by, 135
Methanobacterium omelianski, fermenta
tion by, 131, 135, 136
Methanobacterium propionicum, sub
strates of, 135, 136
Methanobacterium ruminantium, fermen
tation by, 135
Methanobacterium sdhngenii, substrates of, 135
Methanobacterium suboxydans, substrates of, 135, 136
Methanococcus mazei substrates, of, 135 Methanococcus vannielii, fermentation
by, 135
Methanol, fermentation and, 135,137,138 Methanosarcina barkeri, fermentation by,
135
Methanosarcina methanica, substrates of, 135
Methemoglobin, reduction of, 332 Methenyl tetrahydrofolic acid, 172
glycine degradation and, 169 purine fermentation and, 26, 187-189 Methenyl tetrahydrofolic cyclohydrolase,
188 Methionine,
fermentation of, 153, 161
luminescent bacteria and, 491, 492 Stickland reaction and, 196, 197, 199 Methionine dethiomethylase, require
ments of, 161
j8-Methylaspartase, characteristics of, 165-166
/3-Methylaspartate, 5, 203 degradation of, 21
glutamate decomposition and, 164-168 Methylbutyrate,
Stickland reaction and, 197 subtilisin and, 303
Methyl cellulose, cellulase and, 279 Methylene blue,
diaphorase and, 443, 444
dihydroorotic dehydrogenase and, 451 electrode potential and, 349
luciferase and, 487 photooxidation of, 465 pyruvate oxidase and, 447 respiratory chain and, 341-342 Stickland reaction and, 195
Methylene tetrahydrofolic acid, purine fermentation and, 26
Methylglyoxal,
energy-coupling and, 9 fermentation and, 80, 81
Ν -Methyl hydantoin, creatinine fermen
tation and, 28
Methylmalonyl coenzyme A, 38 formation of, 107
Methylmercaptan, formation of, 161 JV-Methylnicotinamide, 194
Methyl red test, basis for, 87
Microbacterium, fermentation by, 72, 75 Micrococcus, chitin and, 286
Micrococcus activus, amino acid fermen
tation by, 153, 170
SUBJECT I N D E X 559
Micrococcus aerogenes,
amino acid fermentation by, 153, 168, 170, 171, 173, 175-178, 202
histidine degradation by, 27
purine fermentation by, 181-183,190 pyrimidine fermentation by, 182, 190,
192
Micrococcus anaerobius, amino acid fer-mentation by,153,168
Micrococcus asaccharolyticus, amino acid fermentation by, 153, 170
Micrococcus denitrificans, ascorbate and, 436
cytochrome of, 387-391, 410, 411, 417 cytochrome oxidase of, 334
cytochrome reductase of, 328 flavoprotein oxidases and, 346 nitrate reduction and, 340, 345, 416 particles, P/O ratios and, 379 terminal oxidase of, 373
Micrococcus lacticum, fermentation by, 117
Micrococcus lactil yticus,
fermentation by, 82,101,103,154 growth yield of, 36
malic-lactic dehydrogenase of, 451 purine fermentation by, 181-183,
189-190
pyruvate oxidation by, 25 succinic dehydrogenase of, 336 threonine and, 176
xanthine dehydrogenase of, 450 Micrococcus I ysodeikticus,
carrier experiments and, 223-224 catalase of, 343
cytochrome of, 386 difference spectrum of, 384 isotopic acetate and, 223-228 lysis of, 311-312
oxidation rates of, 220-221 peroxide and, 343
tricarboxylic acid cycle and, 241 Micrococcus phoreus, 479
Micrococcus phosphoreus, 505 Micrococcus physiculus, 506
Micrococcus prevoti, amino acid fermenta-tion by, 153, 170
Micrococcus pyogenes,
cytochrome of, 383, 385, 386, 392 difference spectrum of, 381, 384 terminal oxidase of, 372-374
Micrococcus variabilis, amino acid fer-mentation by, 153, 168
Microsomes,
cytochrome of, 375
pyridine nucleotide oxidase of, 436 Millet, starch of, 281
Mitochondria,
coenzyme Q of, 321-322
coupled phosphorylation and, 371, 375 cytochrome of, 386
difference spectrum of, 380, 384 energy-rich phosphate and, 355-356 redox potential and, 351
respiratory chain of, 320-321 Molybdenum, nitrate reduction and,
452-453
Molybdic trioxide, xanthine dehydro-genase and, 450
Monodehydroascorbate, pyridine nu-cleotide oxidase and, 436 Moraxella, threonine and, 177 Motility, energy and, 46-47
Mucilage, cellulose breakdown and, 276 Mucin clot, hyaluronidase and, 264 Mucopolysaccharides, 258
combined forms of, 266 decomposition of, 285-297 reducing sugars and, 266-267
Mucoprotein, decomposition of, 265, 285-297
Mud, 260
methane and, 134-135 Muscle,
enzyme activities of, 7 fermentation by, 69, 70
Mutants, metabolic pathways and, 236-238
Mycobacteria,
lactate oxidase of, 447-448 volutin and, 358
Mycobacterium avium, succinate oxida-tion by, 337
Mycobacterium phlei, cytochrome reductase of, 328 lactate oxidase of, 448
menadione reductase of, 331, 332 particles, 379
phosphorylation by, 357, 379 pyridine nucleotides and, 326 respiratory chain of, 321 supernatant fraction of, 379
560 SUBJECT INDEX
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, lipoic dehydrogenase and, 449 pyridine nucleotides and, 326 succinate oxidation by, 337 tricarboxylic acid cycle and, 242 Myrolhecium verrucaria, cellulase of,
278-280 Myokinase,
bacterial, 402
photophosphorylation and, 470 Myxobacteria,
chitin and, 286
polysaccharide decomposition and, 295 Myxobacteriales, chitin and, 287
Ν
Nadi reagent, cytochrome oxidase and, 335
α-Naphthol, cytochrome oxidase and, 335 Naphthoquinone (s),
diaphorase and, 445 luciferase and, 488
oxidative phosphorylation and, 357 pyridine nucleotide peroxidase and, 437 Narcotics,
cytochromes and, 370 luminescence and, 498 Neisseria,
metabolic contributions of, 5 threonine and, 177
Neotetrazolium, diaphorase and, 444 pyruvate oxidase and, 447 Neurospora,
cytochrome reductase of, 328
nitrate reduction by, 327, 416, 452-453 New yellow enzyme, properties of, 443 Nicotinamide, fermentation of, 194 Nicotinamide mononucleotide, pyridine
nucleotide peroxidase and, 439-440 Nicotinic acid, fermentation of, 182, 194 Nitrate, 151
activation of, 419 cytochrome and, 375, 391 hydrogenase and, 339 luminescence and, 497
reduction, 357, 399, 401, 416-417, 452-453
cytochrome and, 346 respiratory chain and, 340-341
Nitrate reductases, 430, 444 cofactors of, 341
components of, 416 flavin and, 327
luminescent bacteria and, 497 Nitrite,
catalase and, 342, 343 electrode potential and, 349 oxidation of, 339
reduction of, 374-375, 452 respiratory chain and, 340-341 Nitrite reductase, 444
Nitrobacter,
cytochrome of, 339, 374 difference spectrum of, 369, 373 p-Nitrobenzoate, reduction of, 453 Nitrogen,
energy and, 44-45
fixation, cytochrome and, 375 nodule pigment and, 413
o-Nitrophenyl 0-glucosidase, inhibition of, 278
Nonanal, luminescence and, 489
Norleucine, Stickland reaction and, 196, 197
Norvaline, 156
Novocaine, luminescence and, 499 Nuclease, measurement of, 264-265, 267 Nucleic acid, 151, 258
decomposition of 307-311 formation, energy and, 46
Nucleoside phosphorylase, purine fer
mentation and,182 Nucleotides, 151
Ο Oenothera, 500 Old yellow enzyme, 434
electrode potential and, 349, 351 properties of, 430-431
reaction of, 427 red product of, 431
Olefinic thioesters, energy and, 29 Ornithine,
arginine fermentation and, 27 fermentation of, 156-158 glycolysis and, 49, 50 lysine degradation and, 174
Stickland reaction and, 196, 197, 199-200
SUBJECT INDEX 561 Orotic acid,
fermentation of, 182, 190-192, 202 reduction of, 451
Ovalbumin,
hydrolysis of, 303 subtilisin and, 301
Oxalacetate, 25, 38,191,192, 215, 219 acetate oxidation and, 232 aspartate degradation and, 159 carbon dioxide fixation and, 228 carrier experiments and, 235 cycles and, 12
electron transfer and, 211-213 fermentation and, 81, 82, 105-107, 130,
131
formation of, 21, 216, 238-239 reduction of, 451
tricarboxylic acid cycle and, 213, 214 Oxalacetic decarboxylase,
carbon dioxide fixation and, 106 fermentation and, 131
Oxalate, iron chelate of, 406 Oxalosuccinate, 212-213, 215 acetate oxidation and, 232
Oxamic acid, allantoin fermentation and, 193-194, 202
Oxidation,
biological, unity of, 3-4 terminal, 333-336
Oxycellulose, cellulose breakdown and, 276
Oxygen,
activation of, 419
Clostridia and, 432, 455-456 cytochromes and, 369
dihydroorotic dehydrogenase and, 451 diphosphopyridine nucleotide oxidase
and, 435
electrode potential and, 348, 349, 350, 398
fermentation balance and, 64-65 heme proteins and, 414
lactate oxidase and, 448
luminescence and, 485, 495-496, 497 old yellow enzyme and, 431
photophosphorylation and, 403-404, 473
photosynthetic bacteria and, 401 photosynthesis and, 472
pyridine nucleotide peroxidase and, 437 pyruvate oxidase and, 447
respiratory chain and, 322 Stickland reaction and, 197 tension, cytochromes and, 390-391 Oxytocin, subtilisin and, 303
Ρ