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The Bologna Process enabled the standardization of educational process at Eu- ropean Universities. The Erasmus program has been facilitating the mobility RIVWXGHQWVZLWKLQWKH(XURSHDQ8QLRQ(8IRUWKLUW\\HDUVQRZ7KHJURZLQJ number of international, European students resulted in establishing the variety RIFRXUVHVWDXJKWLQ(QJOLVK,WVHHPVWKDW(XURSHDQXQLYHUVLWLHVDUHQRZGHDO- LQJZHOOZLWKWKHVRFDOOHG(UDVPXVVWXGHQWV
7KHQH[WFKDOOHQJHLVLQWHUQDWLRQDOL]DWLRQ7KHXQLYHUVLWLHVZDQWWRJRJOREDO ERWKLQWKH¿HOGRIUHVHDUFKDQGGLGDFWLFV7KH\RSHQWKHLUGRRUVIRUWKHVWX- GHQWVIURPEH\RQGWKH(8KHQFHFXUUHQWO\ZHREVHUYHDJURZLQJQXPEHURI Eastern and Southeastern Asian1 students at European universities. In develop- ing countries good education leads automatically to a bright future, being the RQO\KRSHIRUVRFLDODGYDQFH7ULSDWKL&KDQG6RQNDUpV-HHYDQ,Q Asian countries it is critical for the young and most productive age groups to be ZHOOHTXLSSHGZLWKNQRZOHGJHDQGWHFKQLFDOVNLOOV7KHSURSRUWLRQRISRSXOD- tion attending universities is a very important indicator of future prosperity of GHYHORSLQJVRFLHW\9X/HpV0XKDMDULQH7KHJUDGXDWHVRI(XURSHDQ XQLYHUVLWLHVDUHH[SHFWHGWREHWKHFRUHRISROLWLFDOHGXFDWLRQDODQGEXVLQHVV elite of their countries, occupying top positions.
+RZHYHU$VLDQVWXGHQWVFRPLQJWR(XURSHDQXQLYHUVLWLHVIDFHDWRQFHQRW only a culture shock but also a linguistic one. They must learn in English and their teachers are mostly not English native-speakers. Thus, although English is an international language and a basic tool for communication and for the ac- TXLVLWLRQRIDFDGHPLFNQRZOHGJHDQGVNLOOVLWGRHVQRWJXDUDQWHHWKHDEVROXWH mutual understanding. Moreover, Eastern and Southeastern Asian collectivist societies operate on the Confucian concept of Asian values6RVKRUWO\ZKDW may seem strange to a European, may be usual to an Asian. And vice versa.
1 (DFKWLPHZKHQ,XVHDGMHFWLYHÄ$VLDQ´LQWKLVSDSHU,PHDQ(DVWHUQ$VLDDQG6RXWKHDVW$VLD Thus, all cultural, social, religious, or philosophical concepts discussed in this paper refer to these regions and societies of Asia.
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Information literacy is the set of integrated abilities encompassing the UHÀHFWLYHGLVFRYHU\RILQIRUPDWLRQWKHXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIKRZLQIRUPD- WLRQLVSURGXFHGDQGYDOXHGDQGWKHXVHRILQIRUPDWLRQLQFUHDWLQJQHZ NQRZOHGJHDQGSDUWLFLSDWLQJHWKLFDOO\LQFRPPXQLWLHVRIOHDUQLQJ$VVR- FLDWLRQRI&ROOHJHDQG5HVHDUFK/LEUDULHV
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about Asia in all its diversity and the ability to use it, as an individual or an or- JDQL]DWLRQWRFRPPXQLFDWHFRPIRUWDEO\DQGH൵HFWLYHO\LQ$VLDRUZLWK$VLDQV LQ$XVWUDOLD7KLVFRXQWU\LVPHQWLRQHGKHUHQRWZLWKRXWDUHDVRQ)LUVW,UZLQ LV$XVWUDOLDQVRKHZDVEXLOGLQJKLVWKHRU\IURPWKLVSHUVSHFWLYH6HFRQG$XV- WUDOLDDQG1HZ=HDODQGZHUH¿UVWRYHUVHDVFRXQWULHVWKDWDFFHSWHGDELJZDYH of Asian immigration after the World War II and during Asian economic crisis RIVVRWKHFRXQWU\IDFHGWKHQHHGRILQWHQVLYHZRUNRQFURVVFXOWXUDO SV\FKRORJ\WRIDFLOLWDWHVRFLDOLQWHJUDWLRQRIQHZKDELWDQWV,UZLQ¶VFRQFHSWRI cultural literacy focuses on learning salient characteristics and basic social and EXVLQHVVVNLOOVRIGL൵HUHQWFXOWXUHV)URPWRGD\¶VSHUVSHFWLYHZHFDQVD\WKDWLW is close to the issues of cross-cultural psychology, a branch of psychology that KDVEHHQJURZLQJLQLPSRUWDQFHVLQFHWKHV
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It is founded on serving the group. The goals of the group are valued over WKRVHRILQGLYLGXDOZLWKUHVSHFWIRUDXWKRULW\KLHUDUFKLFDOUROHVDQGUHODWLRQ- VKLSV&ROOHFWLYHUHÀHFWLRQLQHGXFDWLRQFDQEHVXPPHGXSLQDVWDWHPHQWWKDW it is more important to be the same as everyone else than to emphasize special NQRZOHGJH7KXVRIWHQ:HVWHUQWHDFKHUVIDFHWKHODFNRIVWXGHQWV¶LQGLYLGXDO engagement during classes. Also, the notion of Asian values coined by Asian LQWHOOHFWXDOVLQWKHVRIWHQOLQNHGWRWKHKXPDQULJKWVZDVEXLOWXSRQ FROOHFWLYHYDOXHVDQGRQWKHRSSRVLWLRQWR:HVWHUQLQGLYLGXDOLVP:DFáDZF]\N 6RPHDXWKRUVH[ /DXQJDQLXVHWKHQRWLRQcommunalism ZKLOH UHIHUULQJWRIDPLO\DQGFRPPXQLW\RULHQWHGVRFLHW\LQ(DVW$VLDPDLQO\,Q- GLDEXWLQIDFWWKHIHDWXUHVGHVFULELQJFRPPXQDOLVWGRQRWGL൵HUIURPWKRVH describing collectivism.
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$FFRUGLQJWRWKHVHUXOHVFRS\LQJDQGLPLWDWLQJRIVRPHRQHHOVH¶VZRUNVZHUH perceived as an indispensable element of cultural development of society. The DXWKRUVWKHPVHOYHVDFFHSWHGWKLVZD\RIH[SUHVVLQJUHVSHFWDQGUHFRJQLWLRQWR WKHP-DQNRZVND
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or political system in their countries makes them uncomfortable.
Even though Asian universities are undergoing evolution in response to global education systems transformations, there are still the core, superior val- ues important for Asian societies, therefore some changes cannot be applied HQWLUHO\DQGLPPHGLDWHO\,WFDQQRWEHWDNHQIRUJUDQWHGWKDW\RXQJ$VLDQVZKR
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