12579131415161720222326282931 General characteristics

General characteristics

CONTENTS nn gg aa rryy ii nn FF iigg uu rree ss,, 22 00 00 55

1

2 5 7 9 13 14 15 16

17 20 22 23 26 28 29 31

Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2006 Chief Editor:Eszter Németh

Contributors:

Gergely Baksay, András Balogh, Zsuzsa Lehel Demény, Mónika Fried, Gyula Holka, Anikó Nagy Jávorszky, Angéla Marosi Kátai,

Nóra Kelemen, László Kenyeres, Mária Pintér, Zsuzsanna Szabó Set and Design:Judit Rába

Demography

Health Employment, unemployment Living standards Education

Culture Legal and public

security Environment

Economic growth and level of development Equilibrium

Agriculture

Industry Construction, dwellings

Telecommunication, internet

Transport

Tourism

rsteeW nT^ra

nsdanubia

Southern T^ransdanu^bia Cen^tralT^ran^sd^anubia ^Cen_tral

Hungar_y

Southern Great Plaⁱⁿ NorthernHunga^ry

Northern Gre^at P^lain

H

Hu un ng ga arry y iin n F Fiig gu urre ess,, 2 20 00 05 5

Official denomination Republic of Hungary President of Republic László Sólyom (from 2005)

Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány (from 2004)

Surface area, km² 93,028

Population in thousand 10,077

Population density, inhabitants per km² 108 Distribution of surface by height above

sea level, % : less than 200 m 200–400 m above 400 m

84 14 2 The largest latitudinal distance, km 528 The largest longitudinal distance, km 268

Length of state borders, km 2,246

Distribution of nationalities, % Hungarian (89.9), Gipsy (4), German (2.6), Serbian (2) Slovakian (0.8), Romanian (0.7)

Official language Hungarian

Currency

per 1 Euro (yearly average exchange rate) per 1 USD (yearly average exchange rate)

forint (HUF)

248.05 HUF 199.66 HUF

NumberofMembers_{of P}a_rli_am

en t,2₀

06

69 to 75 76 to 100 101 to 413

P

Po op pu ulla attiio on n D De en nssiitty y 1 1 J Ja an nu ua arry y 2 20 00 06 6

G eneral characteristics

H

Huunnggaarriiaann DDeemmooccrraattiicc FFoorruumm ((MMDDFF)) 1111 IInnddeeppeennddeenntt 11 F

Fiiddeesszz--HHuunnggaarriiaann CCiivviicc UUnniioonn –– C

Chhrriissttiiaann DDeemmooccrraattiicc PPeeooppllee''ss PPaarrttyy ((FFIIDDEESSZZ –– KKDDNNPP)) 116644

TToottaall 3 38866

H

Huunnggaarriiaann SSoocciiaalliisstt PPaarrttyy ((MMSSZZPP)) 119900 A

Alllliiaannccee ooff FFrreeee DDeemmooccrraatteess ((SSzzDDSSzz)) 2200

N

Nuummbbeerr ooff iinnhhaabbiittaannttss ppeerr kkmm²²

H

Hu un ng ga arry y iin n F Fiig gu urre ess,, 2 20 00 05 5

In the eighties beside the natural decrease international emigration also caused a reduction in the number of population. From the nineties the number of immigrants was higher than of those leaving the country. This dif- ference slowed down the decrease of the population. During the past 25 years the number of deaths exceeded by 700 thousand that of births, the positive balance of international migration resulted in an increase of

P

Po op pu ulla attiio on n b by y a ag ge e--g grro ou up p (at the beginning of the year)

C

Co om mp po ossiittiio on n o off p po op pu ulla attiio on n

0–14 15–64 65–

*1995.

1980 1990 2001 2006

Million 10

8 6 4 2 0

D ^emography

Males, thousand 5,188 4,985 4,851 4,785

Females, thousand 5,521 5,390 5,349 5,292

TToottaall,, tthhoouussaanndd 1100,,770099 1100,,337755 1100,,220000 1100,,007777 Number of females per thousand males 1,064 1,081 1,103 1,106 Number of foreign citizens residing in Hungary,

thousand .. 138* 110 154

Of which by nationality, %:

Romanian Ukrainian

Serbian and Montenegrin

..

..

. ..

50 3 11

38 8 12

43 10 9

1980 1990 2001 2006

at the beginning of the year

H

Huunnggaarryy iinn FFiigguurreess,, 22000055

The number of live births increased again in 2005, the surplus was due to the childbirths of females over thirty. The rate of births outside marriage increased from 13% in 1990 to 35% in 2005.

N

Na attu urra all d de ec crre ea asse e V

Viitta all sstta attiissttiic css

Per thousand inhabitants

Live births Deaths

Natural decrease

1990 1995 2000 2005

16 14 12 10 8 4 2 0

1990 2000 2005

Per thousand inhabitants marriages

divorces live births deaths

6.4 2.4 12.1 14.0

4.7 2.3 9.6 13.3

4.4 2.5 9.7 13.5

Infant mortality (per thousand live-born) 14.8 9.2 6.2

Average life expectancy at birth, year males

females

65.1 73.7

67.1 75.6

68.6 76.9

Demography

H

Huunnggaarryy iinn FFiigguurreess,, 22000055

terseW

nT^ra nsdanubia

Southern Transda^nubia Ceⁿtra^lT^ran^sda

n^ubi^a Ce

ntral Hung

ary

Southern Great Plaⁱⁿ NorthernHunga^ry

Norther^{n G} re^at

P^lain

9,622 to 5,001 5000 to 1 14,698

decrease decrease increase

Number of inhabitants Number of settlements

Number of population, thousand

Distribution of population, %

– 499

500 – 999 1,000 – 1,999 2,000 – 4,999 5,000 – 9,999 10,000 – 49,999 50,000 – 99,999 100,000 –204,300 Budapest

1,033 686 644 500 141 131 12 8 1

278.2 498.9 928.4 1,500.5 985.4 2,295.6 760.2 1,153.1 1,697.3

2.8 4.9 9.2 14.9 9.8 22.7 7.5 11.4 16.8

D

Diissttrriib bu uttiio on n o off sse ettttlle em me en nttss a an nd d p po op pu ulla attiio on n b by y n nu um mb be err o off iin nh ha ab biitta an nttss,, 1

1 J Ja an nu ua arry y 2 20 00 05 5

The inhabitants live in 3,145 settlements of which 289 are towns; their number increased by 123 in the last one and a half decades, and tripled over the past 25 years. Two thirds of the inhabitants live in towns.

IIn nc crre ea asse e o orr d de ec crre ea asse e o off p po op pu ulla attiio on n b

by y rre eg giio on nss iin n 2 20 00 05 5

Demography

H

Hu un ng ga arry y iin n F Fiig gu urre ess,, 2 20 00 05 5

D

Diissttrriib bu uttiio on n o off d de ea atth hss b by y c ca au usse e

Those who pay a visit to the general practitioner the most often suffer from diseases of the circulatory system and mainly hypertension (1.8 million cases). The number of locomotor disorders registered by GPs is more than a million. There are also many cases of nutritional and metabolic diseases and diseases of the digestive system.

C a u s e o f d e a t h 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 5

Heart diseases 28.5 34.7

Malignant neoplasms 24.5 22.9

Cerebro-vascular diseases 14.0 11.8

Arteriosclerosis 5.6 4.0

Liver diseases 5.1 3.9

Accidents 4.3 3.5

H ^ealth

R

Ro oa ad d ttrra affffiic c a ac cc ciid de en nttss

Thousand accidents

Number of accidents

Persons killed

Persons killed 30

25 20 15 10 5 0

3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

(%)

H

Huunnggaarryy iinn FFiigguurreess,, 22000055

TTiim me e ssp pe en ntt ffo orr o on ne e m me ed diic ca all ttrre ea attm me en ntt iin n o ou uttp pa attiie en ntt sse errv viic ce e

Oto-rhino-laryngology Gynaecology Orthopaedics Ophthalmology Surgery Urology Internal medicine Neurology Oncology Paediatrics Dentistry

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Minutes 1995 2000 2004

O

Ou uttp pa attiie en ntt sse errv viic ce e a an nd d h ho ossp piitta allss

2000 2005

Consulting hours in outpatient service, thousand 15,793 16,713*

Cases of medical treatment, thousand Of which: laboratory examination, thousand

156,437 88,597

203,639*

129,060*

Active hospital beds, pieces 83,430 79,605

Hospital beds per 100,000 inhabitants 818 790

Patients discharged, thousand 2,610 2,800

Average length of treatment, days 8.9 8.1

Consumption of medicine in Hungary has been increasing for years. In 1995 the per capita consumption was 30 boxes, and it was by 2.6 more in 2003. About 60 % of the medicine sold had been produced in Hungary. The highest number of pharmaceutical products is taken for diseases of the cir- culatory system. The daily dose for this disease has risen by a half since 1995.

*2004.

Health

H

Hu un ng ga arry y iin n F Fiig gu urre ess,, 2 20 00 05 5

N

Nu um mb be err o off e em mp pllo oy ye ed d p pe errsso on nss b by y iin nd du ussttrriie ess,, 2 20 00 05 5

Persons, thousand Of which: females, %

Agriculture 194.0 25.1

Industry 948.9 37.7

Construction 315.1 6.7

Trade and repair, hotels and restaurants 740.2 54.3

Transport, storage and communication 285.4 25.5

Financial intermediation; business activities 356.1 49.6

Non-profit services 1,061.8 66.5

TToottaall 33,,990011..55 4455..88

D

Diissttrriib bu uttiio on n o off e em mp pllo oy ye ed d p pe errsso on nss b by y h

hiig gh he esstt q qu ua alliiffiic ca attiio on n,, 2 20 00 05 5

Males Females

University College

Secondary school with G.C.E.

Apprentice school and vocational school Maximum 8 grades of primary school

The ratio of economically active persons in the population aged 15–74 was 54.5%. Their number increased by 52 thousand over 2004. The number of persons defined as economically inactive was 3,517 thousand. Within this group the share of pensioners was 55%, the share of students in full-time edu- cation reached 21%, that of persons on child-care leave was 7% and that of other dependants was 17%.

E mployment, unemployment

% 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

H

Huunnggaarryy iinn FFiigguurreess,, 22000055

In 2005 similarly to previous years the highest unemployment rate in Hungary was observed among the persons aged 15–24. During one year the unemployment rate of this age group rose to 19.4% from 15.5%. Young peo- ple's chances to find work worsened since every other young person was unskilled and many of them do not have suitable experience in work.

U

Un ne em mp pllo oy ym me en ntt

U

Un ne em mp pllo oy ym me en ntt rra atte e,, 2 20 00 05 5

2000 2005

Number of unemployed persons 263.7 303.9

Of which:

males females

158.9 104.8

159.1 144.8 Unemployment rate, %

males females

6.4 7.0 5.6

7.2 7.0 7.5 Unemployed persons by duration, %

0– 6 months 7– 11 months 12 months and more

34.6 16.3 49.1

36.5 17.3 46.2

Mean duration of unemployment, months 16.7 16.3

teesW

rn Tr^an

sd^an ubi^a

Southe^rn^Transd anub^ia Cen^tralTransdanu^bi^a Ce

ntral H ungary

Southern Great Plaⁱⁿ NorthernHunga^ry

Norther^{n G}re^at P^lain

5 to 8.0 8.1 to 9.5 9.6 to 10.6

Employment, unemployment

R

Raattee iinn pprrooppoorrttiioonn ooff tthhee llaabboouurr ffoorrccee,, %%

H

Hu un ng ga arry y iin n F Fiig gu urre ess,, 2 20 00 05 5

Since the beginning of 2004 the amount of minimum wage has increased to HUF 57 thousand from 53 thousand. In the last year 8% of full-time employ- ees were paid the minimum wage. The proportion of employees with the min- imum wage – depending on the labour market policy of each country – has been decreasing in Hungary and is medium-level in international comparison.

A

Av ve erra ag ge e g grro ossss m mo on ntth hlly y e ea arrn niin ng gss o off ffu ullll--ttiim me e e em mp pllo oy ye ee ess,, 2 20 00 05 5

L iving standards

E Ea arrn niin ng gss

Average net monthly earnings, thousand HUF

1990= 100

Real earnings, 1990= 100 140

120 100 80 60 40 20 0

130 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 80

2000 2001 2001 2003 2004 2005

HUF Purchasing Power Standard (PPS)

Business sector 148,520 979.9

Manual workers 102,651 677.2

Non-manual workers 238,213 1,571.6

Budgetary sector 182,172 1,201.9

Manual workers 103,737 684.4

Non-manual workers 207,981 1,372.2

TToottaall 115588,,331155 11,,004444..55

Manual workers, total 102,668 677.4

Non-manual workers, total 222,768 1,469.7

H

Huunnggaarryy iinn FFiigguurreess,, 22000055

R

Re ea all p pe en nssiio on nss,, 1

19 99 90 0= =1 10 00 0

120 110 100 90 80 70 60

1990 1995 2000 2005

P

Pe en nssiio on nss,, c ch hiilld d rra aiissiin ng g a an nd d ffa am miilly y ssu up pp po orrtt,, 2 20 00 05 5

64% of primary school pupils receives catering, 41% attend day-time homes. 10–11% of secondary school students and 22% of tertiary school stu- dents live in hostels. Local governments provide those raising children, the elderly and the ill in need with diverse kinds of support in order to mitigate social problems. More than half a million people have a public medical treatment card ensuring pharmaceutical products free of charge up to a

Pensions Child-care allowance

Child-care fee

Family allowance*

Amounts paid, billion HUF 2,294.5 50.5 61.2 191.1

Amounts paid as % of GDP 10.5 0.2 0.3 0.9

Average number of

recipients, thousand 3,036.0 161.4 87.2 1,264.5

Average monthly amount of

provision, HUF 62,978 26,051 58,484 12,596

* The number of allowance recipients refers to families, the average amount of the allowance is calculated for family.

Living standards

H

Huunnggaarryy iinn FFiigguurreess,, 22000055

A

An nn nu ua all p pe err c ca ap piitta a c co on nssu um mp pttiio on n o off m

ma aiin n ffo oo od d iitte em mss

(%)

D

Diissttrriib bu uttiio on n o off h ho ou usse eh ho olld d c co on nssu um mp pttiio on n e exxp pe en nd diittu urre ess

Parallel with the diminishing share of household expenditure on food, a higher amount can be spent on modernising dwellings. The stock of passenger cars is near 2.9 million pieces, and nearly half of the households own a car. Cleaning machines, dishwashers, camcorders, personal computers with internet connec- tion, air-conditioners also appeared in households, although their relative numbers per 100 households are low at present (11, 5, 8, 13 and 2 respectively).

1996 2000 2003

Food 22.6 19.1 18.2

Alcoholic beverages and tobacco 8.1 8.1 8.3

Clothing and footwear 4.9 4.5 4.2

Housing, water, furnishing, household equipment 26.9 25.5 25.4

Health 2.9 3.3 3.7

Transport, communication 15.5 19.3 20.1

Recreation, culture, education, hotels and restaurants 14.2 13.5 13.8

Other 4.9 6.7 6.4

TToottaall 110000..00 110000..00 110000..00

Living standards

Kg 150 120 90 60 30 0

Milk, litre 200 160 120 80 40 0 2000 2004

Meat and fish

2000 2004 Flour and rice

2000 2004 Fruits 2000 2004

Oils and fats

2000 2004 Vegetables

2000 2004 Milk, litre Poultry meat and fish

Flour

Other meat Vegetables

Rice Milk Oil and margarine

Tropical fruits

Fats Inland fruits

H

Huunnggaarryy iinn FFiigguurreess,, 22000055

Living standards

C

Co on nssu um me err p prriic ce ess o off sse elle ec ctte ed d g go oo od dss,, (1995=100)

%

Consumer price total Gasoline Bread Beef 300

280 260 240 220 180 160 140 120 100

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

Price rises in the observed groups of society did not differ significantly despite the remarkable differences in the structure of consumption, either in 2005 or in the recent 5 years. The highest difference was to be observed between active and pensioners' households: consumer price index of the for- mer was 103.4, that of the latter was 103.9% in 2005. The difference of price rise calculated for households with low, medium and high levels of income was negligible in 2005.

C

Ch ha an ng ge e o off c co on nssu um me err p prriic ce ess b by y m ma aiin n g grro ou up pss o off c co om mm mo od diittiie ess

change, 2001–2005

Rate of change in 2005, compared to 2004

Food 6.1 2.5

Alcoholic beverages, tobacco 9.2 3.3

Clothing and footwear 3.2 0.2

Consumer durables –1.0 –2.3

Electricity, gas and other fuels 8.6 6.2

Other goods, includes motor

fuels and lubricants 4.2 4.5

S

Sttu ud de en nttss iin n sse ec co on nd da arry y a an nd d tte errttiia arry y e ed du uc ca attiio on n

N

Nu um mb be err o off ssttu ud de en nttss iin n tte errttiia arry y e ed du uc ca attiio on n b by y ffiie elld dss o off ttrra aiin niin ng g H

Hu un ng ga arry y iin n F Fiig gu urre ess,, 2 20 00 05 5

E ^ducation

Thousand 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0

1990 1995 2000 2005

Tertiary education in part-time forms Full-time tertiary education Secondary education for adults Full-time secondary education

Students total, thousand Of which female, %

2001 2005

Teacher training and education

science 47.4 53.4 71.3

Arts 4.6 5.5 56.9

Humanities 23.2 26.9 69.1

Social sciences 29.8 44.7 65.0

Business and administration 66.9 87.3 66.0

Law 17.6 18.5 61.7

Science 5.4 7.2 47.1

Computing 25.1 12.8 20.8

Engineering, manufacturing and

construction 29.4 51.0 18.3

Agriculture 14.7 11.8 45.7

Health and welfare 25.3 31.7 76.2

Services 23.8 29.8 57.7

TToottaall 331133..22 338800..66 5577..88

Between 1990 and 2005 the ratio of those having com-

pleted at least the 8

grade of primary school rose from 78.1% to

91.6%, the ratio of persons holding a G.C.E. certificate rose from 29.2% to

42.6% and the ratio of tertiary degree holders increased from 10.1% to

14.7% within the respective age groups. The ratio of those having completed

at least the 8

grade of primary school and also that of tertiary degree hold-

ers is higher among men, while the ratio of those with a secondary school

G.C.E. certificate is higher among women.

C ^ulture M Ma aiin n c cu ullttu urra all iin nd diic ca atto orrss

1995 2000 2005

Number of libraries* 3,648 3,185 3,192**

Registered users, thousand* 1,382 1,357 1,452**

Library units lent per inhabitant* 3.6 3.4 3.2**

Theatre attendances per hundred

inhabitants 40 39 45

Museum attendances per hundred

inhabitants 89 99 115

Concert attendences per thousand

inhabitants 45 42 45

Number of daily newspapers 41 35 34**

Copies of daily newspapers, million 641 579 644**

*Public libraries.

**2004.

N

Nu um mb be err a an nd d c co op piie ess o off p pu ub blliissh he ed d b

bo oo okkss

Published books, thousand Copies, million

Copies Number of published books and booklets

14 12 10 8 4 2 0

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

1990 1995 2000 2005

The number of cinema visits per 100 inhabitants has dropped since 2002 from 150 to 118. More than half of the films shown at cinemas have been produced in the US; there is also a significant number of French and

H

Hu un ng ga arry y iin n F Fiig gu urre ess,, 2 20 00 05 5

C

Crriim me ess,, p pe errp pe ettrra atto orrss,, p pe errsso on nss w wiitth h d de effiin niittiiv ve e sse en ntte en nsse e H

Hu un ng ga arry y iin n F Fiig gu urre ess,, 2 20 00 05 5

L egal and public security

2000 2005 2005 as % of 2000

Number of discovered crimes 450,673 436,522 96.9

against the person of which: homicide violating traffic rules against law and order economic frauds against property

16,591 203 19,566 76,312 10,986 311,611

17,780 164 22,826 83,983 17,106 270,740

107.2 80.8 116.7 110.1 155.7 86.9 Number of discovered

perpetrators 122,860 133,790 108.9

Number of persons with definitive

sentence 95,213 98,524 103.5

teresW

nT^ra nsdanubia

Southern^Transdan u^bia Cen^tralT^ran^sd^anubia Ce

ntral H ungary

Southern Great Plaⁱⁿ North^ernHu

nga^ry

Nort^her^{n G}re^at P^lain

1,094 to 1,200 1,201 to 1,400 1,401 to 1,499

N

Nu um mb be err o off d diissc co ov ve erre ed d p pe errp pe ettrra atto orrss p

pe err 1 10 00 0,,0 00 00 0 iin nh ha ab biitta an nttss,, 2 20 00 05 5 (by residence)

48% of the inhabitants in 13 Central and Eastern

European countries were satisfied with the crime prevention activity of

the police in 2005. The opinion of the Hungarian population concerning this

issue is much more favourable, more than two thirds of the respondents think

that the police do a proper job. The relatives of 11% of those asked in

Hungary were victims of robbery, a share lower than in other countries in the

survey, where this ratio was 18%.

H

Hu un ng ga arry y iin n F Fiig gu urre ess,, 2 20 00 05 5

E ^nvironment

ternesW

Transdanubia

Southern Transdanubia CentralTransdanubiaCe

ntral Hu ngary

SouthernGreat Plain NorthernHungary

Northern GreatPlain

2.31 to 7.50 7.51 to 15.00 15.01 to 32.74 3.18

5.67

1.18 0.31 1.25

1.66 1.97

Extracted heat mass, PJ

E

Exxttrraacctteedd tthheerrmmaall wwaatteerr,, MMmm³³

G

Ge eo otth he errm ma all w wa atte err p prro od du uc cttiio on n a an nd d q qu ua an nttiitty y o off h he ea att e

exxttrra ac ctte ed d,, 2 20 00 04 4

1,8 million hectares., that is, one fifth of the area of Hungary is covered by for- est, a rather low rate due to the geographical characteristics of Hungary. However, the area of the country is outstandingly rich in natural habitats, biocoenoeses. Big game population, except for the moufflon, has nearly doubled in the last 15 years.

P

Prro otte ec ctte ed d n na attu urra all a arre ea ass a an nd d v va allu ue ess

hectares Number

National parks 484 10

Protected landscapes 317 36

Natural conservation reserves 28 144

Protected natural areas of local significance 39 1,287 Protected areas, total

Of which: Biosphere reserves

Ramsari areas (watery habitats)

868 130 180

1,477 5 23

Partly protected areas 1,170 ..

N

Naattuurraall aarreeaass uunnddeerr aannyy kkiinndd ooff pprrootteeccttiioonn,, ttoottaall 22,,003388 ..

Caves Plants Animals

..

..

..

4,000 695 965

H

Hu un ng ga arry y iin n F Fiig gu urre ess,, 2 20 00 05 5

E conomic growth and

level of development Gross domestic product in Hungary has been growing by 4% on annual average since the millennium (by 4.1% in 2005), by 2–2.5 percentage points faster than the average of European Union. In 2004–2005 the growth mainly derived from buoyant export and investment activity.

G

GD DP P p pe err c ca ap piitta a iin n p pu urrc ch ha assiin ng g p po ow we err sstta an nd da arrd d,, 2 20 00 05 5 (EU-25= 100)

Slovenia Czech Republic

H Huunnggaarryy

Estonia Slovakia Lithuania

Poland Croatia Latvia Romania Bulgaria

0 25 50 75 100%

D

Diissttrriib bu uttiio on n o off g grro ossss v va allu ue e a ad dd de ed d b by y iin nd du ussttrriie ess

(at current prices, %)

1995 2000 2004

Agriculture 6.7 4.3 3.9

Industry 26.3 27.9 25.8

Construction 4.6 5.2 5.0

Services Of which:

Trade and repair; hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communication Other market services

Other non-market services

62.4 13.3 9.0 19.6 20.5

62.6 12.4 8.6 20.4 21.1

65.3 12.6 8.1 20.6 23.9 TToottaall,, bbiilllliioonn HHUUFF 44,,993333 1111,,448833 1177,,336688

H

Huunnggaarryy iinn FFiigguurreess,, 22000055

Economic growth and level of development

F

Fiin na all u usse e o off g grro ossss d do om me essttiic c p prro od du uc ctt (1990=100)

220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80

In Hungary the sum of consumption and capital formation exceeds the gross domestic product, similarly to other transition countries in Central and Eastern Europe, which follow a parallel growth path. In the previous years the excess of domestic use over the GDP fluctuated between 1.5–4.5% of GDP, in 2005 accounted for 2.2%. This results from external trade deficit of goods (1.9% of GDP) and the 0.3% deficit of services.

D

Diissttrriib bu uttiio on n o off iin nv ve essttm me en nttss b by y iin nd du ussttrriie ess

1995 2000 2005

Agriculture 2.9 4.7 4.5

Industry 30.7 34.1 26.9

Construction 1.6 2.5 2.0

Services Of which:

Trade and repair; hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communication Other market services

Other non-market services

64.8 5.5 19.0 27.5 12.9

58.7 8.7 14.7 21.5 13.7

66.6 8.5 18.2 27.8 12.1

(%)

%

GDP

Gross fixed capital formation Actual final consumption of households

Actual final consumption of government

1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005

H

Huunnggaarryy iinn FFiigguurreess,, 22000055

Economic growth and level of development

Gross national income (GNI) equals GDP less primary income payable to non-resident units plus primary income receivable from non-resident units. In Hungary GNI amounts to 94–95% of GDP, because of the income outflow generated by the repatriated profit of foreign controlled enterprises.

D

Diissttrriib bu uttiio on n o off g grro ossss v va allu ue e a ad dd de ed d b by y ssu ub b--sse ec ctto orrss o off o ow wn ne errssh hiip p,, 2 20 00 04 4

(%)

Public Foreign National

private

TToottaall 2299..22 2211..33 4499..55

Of which:

Agriculture

Mining and quarrying Manufacturing

Electricity, gas and water supply Construction

Trade and repair Hotels and restaurants

Transport, storage and communication Financial intermediation

Business activities Education

Health and social work

6.1 0.2 6.6 81.6 0.6 0.7 17.6 42.0 32.8 5.3 84.0 70.6

3.0 27.5 53.0 2.7 7.1 31.9 10.9 16.9 36.0 13.2 0.1 1.2

90.9 72.3 40.4 15.7 92.3 67.4 71.5 41.1 31.2 81.5 15.9 28.2

65 to 75 76 to 100 101 to 159

P

Pe err c ca ap piitta a g grro ossss d do om me essttiic c p prro od du uc ctt ((G GD DP P)) a ass a a p pe err-- c

ce en ntta ag ge e o off n na attiio on na all a av ve erra ag ge e,, 2 20 00 04 4

rnteTresanWsdanubia

Southern Transdanubia CentralTransdanubia Central Hungary

SouthernGreat Plain NorthernHungary

Northern GreatPlain

H

Hu un ng ga arry y iin n F Fiig gu urre ess,, 2 20 00 05 5

E ^{quilibrium R Re ella attiio on na} all ssttrru uc cttu urre e o off e exxtte errn na all m me errc ch ha an nd diisse e ttrra ad de e,, 2 20 00 05 5

Country group Imports Exports

EU-25 Of which:

EU-15

New member states

67.9 57.8 10.1

76.3 65.4 10.9 Extra-EU countries

Of which:

European countries Asian countries

32.1 12.7 16.9

23.7 13.9 4.8

TToottaall 110000..00 110000..00

(%)

Machinery and transport equipment has been the largest commodity group for several years in external trade turnover. This group provided 61% of exports and 51% of imports in 2005. Manufacturing goods comprising a wide range of (chemical, wood, paper, textile and metal) products accounted for another significant share, 28% of exports and 33% of imports. The share of

B

Ba alla an nc ce e o off e exxtte errn na all m me errc ch ha an nd diisse e ttrra ad de e (at current prices)

200 0 –200 –400 –600 –800 –1,000 –1,200

10 0 –10 –20 –30 –40 –50 –60

Billion HUF %

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 Billion HUF

As % of exports

H

Huunnggaarryy iinn FFiigguurreess,, 22000055

C

Co on nsso olliid da atte ed d b ba alla an nc ce e o off g ge en ne erra all g go ov ve errn nm me en ntt (on cash-flow basis)

General government gross debt amounted to HUF 12.7 trillion, 58.4% of the GDP at the end of 2005. Share of government securities, rising year by year, exceeded 94% at the end of December. Within the debt stock, liabilities in HUF accounted for 72%, foreign currencies gave the rest.

C

Cu urrrre en ntt a ac cc co ou un ntt b ba alla an nc ce e

1,000 0 –1,000 –2,000 –3,000 –4,000 –5,000 –6,000 –7,000 –8,000

2 0 –2 –4 –6 –8 –10

Million euro %

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 Balance,

million euro As % of GDP

Equilibrium

1995 2000 2004

Revenues 2,623.0 5,568.1 8,208.1

Expenditures 2,995.7 6,048.3 9,525.1

Balance

(excluding revenues from privatisation) –372.8 –480.2 –1,317.0

Balance as % of GDP –6.6 –3.6 –6.5

(Billion HUF)

H

Hu un ng ga arry y iin n F Fiig gu urre ess,, 2 20 00 05 5

A ^griculture

1995 2000 2005

Cattle 928 805 708

Pig 5,032 4,834 3,853

Sheep 977 1,129 1,405

Poultry 35,659 37,016 41,076

Horse 71 75 71

LLiiv ve esstto oc ckk p po op pu ulla attiio on n iin n D De ec ce em mb be err

(thousand)

The decline of the demand for agricultural products burdened the animal husbandry more seriously than the crop production. Output of the former branch – with annual fluctuations – hardly altered between the mid-nineties and 2003. Since 2003 the output of animals for slaughter has declined more significantly (by 17%), while the production of eggs and cow's milk decreased by 13 and 7% respectively. Wool and honey output, representing a smaller share within the production indicates an upward trend.

G

Grro ossss p prro od du uc cttiio on n o off a ag grriic cu ullttu urre e (average of 1996–2000= 100)

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80

%

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Crops and horticulture Animal husbandary Total

H

Huunnggaarryy iinn FFiigguurreess,, 22000055

Crop

Average of

2005 1991–1995 1996–2000 2001–2005

Wheat 4,394 4,079 4,627 5,079

Maize 5,127 6,219 7,172 9,017

Sunflower 743 681 938 1,102

Sugar beet 3,709 3,328 2,804 3,503

Vegetables 1,416 1,683 1,803 1,333

Fruits 1,145 951 823 736

Grapes 637 671 644 537

O

Ou uttp pu utt o off b ba assiic c c crro op pss

(thousand tons)

Agricultural activities are carried out on some two thirds of the country's territory, by over 300 thousand hectares less than 10 years ago. Uncultivated land area considerably expanded, reaching 17% of the land area. Among the land-use categories the share of arable land is the highest, it represents almost half of the total land area, and the grassland's share is relatively sig- nificant (11%). In 2005 45% of the Hungarian total land area was used by private farms, while 41% was cultivated by enterprises.

A

Av ve erra ag ge e y yiie elld d o off m ma aiin n c crro op pss

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Ton/hectare

Maize Grapes Wheat Sunflower

1991–1995 1996–2000 2001–2005 2005

Agriculture

H

Hu un ng ga arry y iin n F Fiig gu urre ess,, 2 20 00 05 5

I ^{ndustry IIn nd du ussttrriia all p prro od du uc cttiio on n,, n nu um mb be err o off e em mp pllo oy ye ee ess a an nd d}

p

prro od du uc cttiiv viitty y (1995=100)

260 220 180 140 100 60

%

Industrial production Number of employees Productivity

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

The energy consumption of Hungary was 1,130 petajoule in 2005, by 3.9% higher than in the previous year and by 4.2% higher than ten years ear- lier. The GDP was half again as much compared to 1995, while energy con-

Branch 1995 2000 2005

Mining and quarrying 1.1 0.5 0.4

Food industry 22.4 13.9 11.4

Manufacture of textiles and leather products 4.7 3.6 2.1

Manufacture of wood and wood products 5.9 4.9 4.2

Chemical industry 19.2 15.2 16.3

Building material industry 3.2 2.4 2.6

Metallurgy 10.5 7.3 7.6

Manufacture of machinery 19.5 42.5 47.3

Of which: manufacture of electric machinery

and optical instrument 7.2 24.7 28.2

Electricity supply 12.1 8.4 6.9

Other 1.3 1.1 1.1

S

Sh ha arre e o off tth he e iin nd du ussttrriia all b brra an nc ch he ess iin n tth he e o ou uttp pu utt

(%)

H

Huunnggaarryy iinn FFiigguurreess,, 22000055

D

Diissttrriib bu uttiio on n o off iin nd du ussttrriia all ssa alle ess,, % %

On the basis of their share in industrial output three regions can be high- lighted: Central Hungary (including the capital), Western Transdanubia and Central Transdanubia, the latter having become the biggest industrial output producer area by 2005. It was also in Central Transdanubia that industrial out- put per capita was the highest (HUF 3.9 million), followed by Western Transdanubia (HUF 2.8 million), while in the other regions the value remained below the national average (HUF 1.6 million).

Industry

D

Diissttrriib bu uttiio on n o off iin nd du ussttrriia all o ou uttp pu utt a an nd d ssa alle ess b by y e en ntte errp prriisse e ssiizze e,, 2 20 00 05 5

(%) 1990

26% 30%

52%

7

744%% 7700%%

4 488%%

1995

2005

Domestic sales Export sales

Category

(number of employees) Output Domestic Export

sales

0 – 4 4.3 8.0 0.2

5 – 49 8.7 16.0 2.9

50 – 249 16.4 19.1 11.6

over 250 70.6 56.9 85.4

H

Hu un ng ga arry y iin n F Fiig gu urre ess,, 2 20 00 05 5 C

Co on nssttrru uc cttiio on n o ou uttp pu utt b by y m ma aiin n b bu uiilld diin ng g g grro ou up pss (2000=100)

180

160

140

120

100

80

%

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Buildings Other structures Construction industry, total

C onstruction, dwellings

Output expansion of construction, observed since 1996, primarily derived from construction of building at the beginning, then, in the years after the mil- lennium more and more from construction of other structures like roads, other infrastructural projects. Development of motorways has become the engine of construction since 2002. Total output of construction was by 60% higher than in 2000.

D

Dw we elllliin ng g c co on nssttrru uc cttiio on n

1995 2000 2005

Dwelling construction, pieces 24,718 21,583 41,084

Dwelling construction per 1,000 inhabitants 2.4 2.2 4.1

Number of construction permits issued 39,053 44,709 51,490

Dwellings ceased, pieces 6,423 6,053 4,400

H

Huunnggaarryy iinn FFiigguurreess,, 22000055

Since the privatisation of dwellings, taking place at the beginning of the nineties, ownership relations have hardly changed. 96% of inhabited dwellings is the property of natural persons, and 90% of dwellings are inhab- ited by the owner. A mere 3.3% of inhabited dwellings are lent by private indi- viduals.

Construction, dwellings

P

Pu ub blliic c u uttiilliittiie ess iin n iin nh ha ab biitte ed d d dw we elllliin ng gss (on the basis of census and microcensus)

100 80 60 40 20 0

%

1990 2001 2005

With public water-conduit With piped gas

With public sewerage With toilet

D

Dw we elllliin ng g sstto oc ckk,, iin nh ha ab biitta an nttss p pe err 1 10 00 0 rro oo om mss (on the basis of census and microcensus)

2001 2005

Number of inhabited dwellings, thousand 3,724 3,937

Inhabitants per 100 rooms 103 94

Share of dwellings with 1 room, % 11.5 10.1

Share of dwellings with 2 rooms, % 41.0 39.5

Share of dwellings with 3 rooms, % 31.8 33.4

Share of dwellings with 4 or more rooms, % 15.6 17.0

Average floor area, m² 74 78

H

Hu un ng ga arry y iin n F Fiig gu urre ess,, 2 20 00 05 5

T elecommunication, internet ^{B Ba assiic c iin nd diic ca atto orrss o on n tte elle ec co om mm mu un niic ca attiio on n}

1995 2000 2005

Mobile phone subscriptions 26 307 925

Main telephone lines 211 373 342

Personal computers 39 87 146*

Internet users 7 70 267*

(per thousand inhabitants)

*2004.

In spite of its rapid spread, internet penetration is relatively low in Hungary in international comparison. 22% of households and 77% of enterprises had an internet connection in 2005 (in the European Union the corresponding figures are 48 and 91%). Among the internet subscribers the share of broadband connection is similar to the EU average, thus exceeds the level of Central and Eastern Europe.

IIn ntte errn ne ett ssu ub bssc crriip pttiio on nss b

by y tty yp pe e o off c co on nn ne ec cttiio on n

1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Thousand

1990 2000 2001 2001 2003 2004 2005

Dial-up modem ISDN xDSL Cable TV Wireless Other

H

Hu un ng ga arry y iin n F Fiig gu urre ess,, 2 20 00 05 5

T ^{ransport R Ra aiillw wa ay y a an nd d p pu ub blliic c rro oa ad d n ne ettw wo orrkk}

(km)

*2004.

In 2005 the volume of transported goods increased by 4.4% over the previous year. The performance (measured in freight ton-kilometres) expanded by 13%: within the overall performance there was a growth of 22%, 9% and 4% in road, water and pipeline transport respectively, while a decline of 3% was observed in rail transport.

G

Go oo od dss ttrra an nssp po orrtt p pe errffo orrm ma an nc ce e o off ttrra an nssp po orrtt sse ec ctto orr

30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Million freight-ton kilometres

Road Rail Pipeline Water

1995 2005

1995 2000 2005

LLeennggtthh ooff rraaiillwwaayy ooppeerraatteedd,, ttoottaall 77,,771144 77,,666688 77,,668855** Of which: electrified

double-tracked

2,353 1,195

2,718 1,293

2,791*

1,292*

N

Naattiioonnaall ppuubblliicc rrooaadd nneettwwoorrkk,, ttoottaall 3300,,007733 3300,,330077 3300,,887744 Of which: motorways

motor-roads trunk roads

secondary main roads

335 85 2,055 4,390

448 57 2,173 4,330

636 126 2,177 4,379

H

Huunnggaarryy iinn FFiigguurreess,, 22000055

Transport

The composition of passenger car stock by type slowly altered into the direction of modern car types. In 2005 the average age of passen- ger cars was 10.5 years, by slightly one year less than 10 years ago.

Among the cars registered first time in Hungary, Opel, Suzuki and Ford were the most common types, their share amounted to 14, 11 and 7%

respectively at the end of 2005.

C

Co om mp po ossiittiio on n o off tth he e iin ntte erru urrb ba an n p pa asssse en ng ge err ttrra an nssp po orrtt b

by y m me ea an nss o off ttrra an nssp po orrtt

(%)

1995 2000 2005

Train 41.3 38.2 33.6

Coach 46.8 47.7 42.2

Ship 0.2 0.2 0.1

Airplane 11.7 13.9 24.1

A

Aiirr p pa asssse en ng ge err ttrra an nssp po orrtt

30 25 20 15 10 5 0

200

180

160

140

120

100

% 1999= 100

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Share of discount airlines in total air passenger transport, %

Change in passenger transport of Budapest-Ferihegy Airport, 1999=100

Tourism in Hungary is regionally concentrated. More than one tenth of the bed-capacity in public accommodation establishments is in Budapest, while nearly 3 tenths are available in the Lake Balaton holiday region. The same two regions are mostly frequented by tourists, although in an inverse order: one third of tourism nights was registered in Budapest, more than one fifth was recorded in Lake Balaton holiday region.

N

Nu um mb be err o off v viissiitto orrss

(thousand)

TTo ou urriissm m rre ec ce eiip pttss a an nd d e exxp pe en nd diittu urre e (at current prices)

150

100

50

0

3 3 2 2 1 1 0

Euro Balance,

billion euro

1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005

Revenue per visitor, euro

Expenditure per Hungarian travelling abroad, euro Travel balance, billion euro

H

Hu un ng ga arry y iin n F Fiig gu urre ess,, 2 20 00 05 5

T ^ourism

2000 2005

Hungarians travelling abroad 11,065 18,622

Visitors in Hungary 31,141 38,555

Of which by country of origin:

Romania Slovakia Austria

Serbia and Montenegro Germany

Ukraine Croatia Czech Republic Slovenia United Kingdom United States

4,661 3,921 5,139 2,908 2,949 2,483 3,304 352 733 212 356

7,445 7,322 5,600 3,229 3,199 2,387 1,195 845 729 405 369

H

Huunnggaarryy iinn FFiigguurreess,, 22000055

Tourism

M

Ma aiin n iin nd diic ca atto orrss o off p pu ub blliic c a ac cc co om mm mo od da attiio on n e

esstta ab blliissh hm me en nttss,, 2 20 00 05 5

TTo ou urriissm m n niig gh httss a att p pu ub blliic c a ac cc co om mm mo od da attiio on n e

esstta ab blliissh hm me en nttss

20 16 14 12 8 4 0 Million

1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005

Foreign tourism night Domestic tourism night

The receipts of public accommodation establishments amounted to HUF 217.2 billion in 2005, 8% more at constant prices than a year before. Accommodation fees provided half of the total, catering

Type of

accommodation Number of units Bed-capacity

Number of tourists, thousand

Number of tourism nights,

thousand Hotels

Five-star Four-star Three-star Two-star One-star

836 17 121 440 192

66

115,895 7,822 30,184 53,477 17,749

6,663

5,018 572 1,853 2,095 383 115

13,599 1,379 4,961 5,822 1,026 410

Boarding houses 1,225 46,340 901 2,150

Tourist hostels 242 28,874 309 819

Youth hostels 140 20,525 240 682

Bungalows 401 23,520 272 897

Camping sites 273 94,136 323 1,591

TToottaall 33,,111177 332299,,229900 77,,006644 1199,,773377

Hungarian Central Statistical Office

Published by the Dissemination Department of HCSO, 2006 H-1024 Budapest, Keleti Károly u. 5–7.

Phone: (36-1)345-6789 Internet: www.ksh.hu