• Nem Talált Eredményt

;49

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Ossza meg ";49"

Copied!
7
0
0

Teljes szövegt

(1)

.LYROW.U|VL&VRPD6iQGRUHOVWLEHWLWDQiUD"

(OpJMyOLVPHUMN6DQJ\H3XQFRJ6DQVUJ\DV3¶XQWVKRJVOiPiWDNLNHUHNKpWHV]WHQGQ NHUHV]WO M~QLXViWyO M~QLXViLJ D WLEHWROyJLD DODStWyMiQDN .U|VL &VRPD 6iQGRUQDN D WDQtWyPHVWHUH YROW PLQGDGGLJ PtJ 1\XJDW+LPDOiMiEDQ HOVVRUEDQ =DQJOiEDQ pV 3KXNWiOEDQ D]WiQ.DQDPEDQQ\HOYpV]HWLWDQXOPiQ\DLWEHQHPIHMH]WH$QpPHW)UDQFNH$XJXVW+HUPDQQ DPDJ\DU/LJHWL/DMRVNXWDWiVDLQDNN|V]|QKHWHQVLNHUOWSRQWRVDEEDQOHtUQLD]DQV]NiULSDSMHO OHPpWpVYDODKRJ\DQNOVHMpWPDJDWDUWiViWPHJKDWiUR]QLNLYiOWNpSSHQ*HUDUG-DPHV*LOEHUWVNyW NDWRQDRUYRVpV$UFKHU(GZDUG&DXOILHOGDQJROUQDJ\WDQ~ViJDDODSMiQ

$ OiPD YpJWHOHQ WUHOPH pV |QIHOiOGR]iVD WXGyV HJ\WWP&N|GpVH QpONO .U|VL &VRPD 6iQGRUQHPWXGWDYROQDDWLEHWLQ\HOYWDQWLWNDLWIHOIHGQLpVDWLEHWLV]DYDNDWKHO\HVHQpUWHOPH]QL SOiQHD]iUQ\DODWRNDWNHOOHQPHJNO|QE|]WHWQL1HPV]DEDGHOIHOHMWHQQNKRJ\DPLNRUKR]]i IRJRWWV]yWiUNpV]tWPXQNiMiKR]VHPPLO\HQVHJpGHV]N|]HQHPYROWVHLGHJHQV]yWiUDVHJUDP PDWLNiMDVHIRUGtWiVRNNDOHOOiWRWWROYDVyN|Q\YH$WLEHWLQ\HOYWHUUDLQFRJQLWDYROWPpJDEEDQD]

LGEHQ0LQGHQWHOHMpWONHOOHWWNH]GHQL(OOHQEHQ6DQJ\H3XQFRJLGHJHQQ\HOYHNHWQHPLVPHUW FVDNWLEHWLOWXGRWWDPLD]WMHOHQWHWWHKRJ\&VRPD6iQGRUVHPPLO\HQN|]YHWtWQ\HOYKH]QHPWX GRWWIRO\DPRGQL7LEHWLOFVDNDWLEHWLVHJtWVpJpYHOOHKHWHWWWDQXOQL9DOyViJRVFLUFXOXVYLWLRVXVED NHUOW0pJLVNLE~MWEHOOHQHPFVDND]pUWPHUWNLW&QQ\HOYpU]pNHpVQDJ\DNDUDWHUHMHYROWKD QHPINpQWD]pUWPHUWDURSSDQWMyLQGXODW~OiPDWXGyVN|UOtUiVRNNDOLJ\HNH]HWWPHJPDJ\DUi]QL QHNLDVRNMHOHQWpVpVpUWHOHPiUQ\DODWRWPHO\PLQGHQQ\HOYQHNDVDMiWRVViJD

(]pUWMRJRVpVPpOWiQ\RVKRJ\6DQJ\H3XQFRJQHYHV]HUHSHO.U|VL&VRPD6iQGRUQHYH PHOOHWWDWLEHWL±DQJROV]yWiUiQDNFtPODSMiQpVKRJ\HOV]DYiEDQHOLVPHUpVVHOEHV]pOUyOD7HKiW DOiPDV]HOOHPLNpSHVVpJHLUOMyOHON&VpJpUOV]HPpO\LVpJpUODUiQ\ODJMyOYDJ\XQNLQIRUPiOYD

(JpV]PiVDKHO\]HWD]]DODNL6DQJ\H3XQFRJHOWW&VRPD6iQGRUWEHDYDWWDDEHV]pOWWLEHWL Q\HOYHOHPLIRJDOPDLEDV]pLJHOVWDQiUiUyOVHPPLWVHPWXGWXQN&VRPDpOHWUDM]tUyLQHP HPOtWHWWpNPLQWKDQHPLVSUyEiOWDNYROQDQ\RPiUDMXWQL3HGLJDPDJ\DUXWD]yPiUIHOWpWOHQOWX GRWWYDODPLWDWLEHWLEODPLNRUM~QLXViQHOV]|UWDOiONR]RWW6DQJ\H3XQFRJJDOPHUWKD QHPWXGRWWYROQDYHOHOHJDOiEEHJ\NLFVLNpWEHV]pOQLLOOHWYHGDGRJQLQHPWXGWiNYROQDHJ\PiVW PHJpUWHQLYDJ\LVQHPWXGWDNYROQDVHPPLWVHPNH]GHQL.|QQ\HQHOKLKHWMNKRJ\DNNRUNHUpN EHW|UWHDWLEHWLWGHDKKR]KRJ\NHUpNEHW|UMHNHOOHWWKRJ\PpJLVYDODPLWWXGMRQPiUEHOOH

$V]DEDWKXLEULWUiOORPiVSDUDQFVQRNiKR].HQQHG\V]i]DGRVKR]MDQXiUiQLQWp ]HWWMHOHQWpVpEHQ&VRPD6iQGRUHOPRQGMDPLO\HQN|UOPpQ\HNN|]|WWNH]GHWWLVPHUNHGQLDWLEHWL Q\HOYYHO $]W tUMD 'XND 7LYDGDU IRUGtWiVD V]HULQW Ä0U 0RRUFURIW /HKEO YDOy HOWiYR]iVDNRU .DVPLUIHOpV]HSWHPEHUYpJpYHODUUDNpUWHPWKRJ\HQJHGQpPHJKRJ\0U7UHEHFNQpOPDUDG MDN(]D]~UHJ\pUWHOPHVHJ\pQWV]HU]HWWV]iPRPUDDNLWOWDQXOKDWWDPVPLYHOH]HQHJ\pQDSHU ]VDpVDWLEHWLQ\HOYHNHWMyOWXGWDD]VHJtWVpJpYHOWHWHPHVLVPHUHWHNHWV]HUH]WHPDWLEHWLLURGD ORPEDQ´

,URGDORP0225&52)7:,//,$07UDYHOVLQWKH+LPDOD\DQSURYLQFHVRI+LQGXVWDQ/RQ GRQ-RKQ0XUUD\²'$77$&//DGDNKDQG:HVWHUQ+LPDOD\DQ3ROLWLFV±

1HZ'HOKL0XQVKLUDP0DQRKDUODOSXEOLVKHUV² $/'(5 *$5< %H\RQG %RNKDUD /RQ GRQ&HQWXU\SXEOLFDWLRQV²3(7(&+/8&,$127KH.LQJGRPRI/DGDNK5RPD,VWLWXWR LWDOLDQRSHULOPHGLRHGHVWUHPRRULHQWH²/(&$//2&+%(51$5' $ODGDNKL6WDWHVPDQ 7VHZDQJ'KRQGXS7KHODVW3ULPH0LQLVWHURI,QGHSHQGHQW/DGDNK7KH7LEHW-RXUQDO>'KDUDP VDOD@80LU,]]HW8OODKYR\DJHXUFDFKHPLULHQ%XOOHWLQGHV/DQJXHV2ULHQWDOHV>3DULV@

RFWREUH8*KXODP+\GHU.KDQVROGDWYR\DJHXUDIJKDQ%XOOHWLQGHV/DQJXHV2ULHQWDOHV

>3DULV@DYULO8*HRUJH*XWKULHOHPpGHFLQPDOJUpOXL%XOOHWLQGHV/DQJXHV2ULHQWDOHV

>3DULV@RFWREUH

(2)

-HJ\H]]NPHJHOVVRUEDQKRJ\7UHEHFN0RRUFURIWKHO\HWWHVHD]DQJROIHOIHGH]H[SHGt FLy PiVRGLN IQ|NH YROW eSSHQ D] HO]QDSRNEDQ HJ\ NLUiQGXOiVEyO WpUW YLVV]D (] D] J\HV NHGYHVILDWDOHPEHUIOHJI|OGPpUpVVHOpVWpUNpSpV]HWWHOIRJODONR]RWWYROWDFVRSRUWUDM]ROyMD

7HKiWV]HSWHPEHUiQDPLNRU0RRUFURIWHOKDJ\MD/DGDNIYiURViW.U|VL&VRPD6iQGRU 7UHEHFNWiUVDViJiEDQPDUDGGHQHPD]pUWKRJ\7UHEHFNWODWpUNpSH]pVWWDQXOMDKDQHPD]pUW PHUW7UHEHFNN|]EHQMiUWpUGHNpEHQHJ\P&YHOWODGDNLHPEHUQpODNLWDEHV]pOWWLEHWLQ\HOYEHEH WXGMDDYDWQL

(POpNH]]QNKRJ\WXODMGRQNpSSHQKRJ\iOODKHO\]HW.U|VL&VRPD6iQGRUM~QLXV pQ PHJpUNH]HWW /HKEH D]]DO D KDWiUR]RWW V]iQGpNNDO KRJ\ LQQHQ PLQpO HOEE WRYiEEPHQMHQ .HOHW7XUNHV]WiQIHOpYDJ\LVKRJ\D.DUDNRUXPLKHJ\OiQFRQNHUHV]WOKDWROMRQEHD NtQDLELURGD ORPED (OOHQEHQ D NtVpUOHW NXGDUFRW YDOORWW 1LQFV DQQ\L SpQ]H KRJ\ HJ\ NDUDYiQQDO HO WXGMRQ XWD]QLpVHJ\HGO~WQDNLQGXOQLHJ\HQOOHQQHD]|QJ\LONRVViJJDO&VDNHG]HWWMDUNDQGLKDMFVi URNNDOpVNHUHVNHGNNHOOHKHWD]WDUHQGNtYOYHV]pO\HVXWDWPHJNRFNi]WDWQL7LV]WiEDQYDQD]]DO KRJ\DNLH]HQDURSSDQWQHKp]~WRQNRFNiUDWHV]LpOHWpWDV]yV]RURVpUWHOPpEHQDKDOiOODOMiWV]LN (UUHYpU]V]tYYHOOHPRQGWHUYpUOpVM~OLXViQYLVV]DIRUGXO(OKDJ\MD/HKHWD]]DO DPHJJ\]GpVVHOKRJ\|U|NUHWiYR]LNVRKDW|EEpQHPM|QLGHYLVV]D9DOyV]tQ&OHJDUUDJRQ GROKRJ\/DKRUEDPHJ\2WWDUUDNpULDNpWIUDQFLDNDWRQDWLV]WHWDNLNNHOD]pYHOHMpQ$IJDQLV]Wi QRQpV3HQG]ViERQNHUHV]WOXWD]RWWKRJ\OHJ\HQHNVHJtWVpJpUH%L]RQ\RVDQQpPLDQ\DJLVHJtWVp JHWWXGQDNQ\~MWDQLQHNLpVWDOiQMyWDQiFVRWLVDGQDN

7L]HQKiURPQDSSDONpVEEYpOHWOHQOWDOiONR]LN'UDV]PHOOHWW0RRUFURIW:LOOLDPDQJROXWD ]yYDODNLH]LGWiMWDYLGpNHWNXWDWMD%HV]pOJHWpVEHERFViWNR]LNYHOHpVD]DQJROW|EEHNN|]|WW PHJPRQGMDPHQQ\LUHVDMQiODWRVKRJ\VHPWLEHWLQ\HOYWDQVHPWLEHWLV]yWiUQHPOpWH]LN6HPPL O\HQNXWDWiVLHV]N|]QHPiOOD]HXUySDLXWD]yUHQGHONH]pVpUHDNLD+LPDOiMiEDQIHOIHGH]PXQNiW YpJH]~J\KRJ\QHPHJ\KDQHPNpWWROPiFVUDYDQV]NVpJHKDDEHQQV]O|WWHNNHONtYiQpULQW NH]QL(PLDWWQDJ\RQN|UOPpQ\HVDKtUV]HU]pVpVDWXGRPiQ\RVNXWDWiV

.LYiOWNpSSD]WPRQGMDPDJ\DUYHQGpJpQHNKRJ\WXODMGRQNpSSHQQpKiQ\QDSRQEHOOYLVV]D NHOOLQGXOQLD/HKIHOpPHUWQHPVRNiUDWRYiEELQGXO.HOHW7XUNHV]WiQEDD.DUDNRUXPLKiJyQiW 0RVWYiUMDDNtQDLKDWyViJG|QWpVpWD]H[SHGtFLyMiQDNEHXWD]iVLYt]XPiWLOOHWHQ%t]LNDVLNHUEHQ PHUWD]NDVPLULÄPXPVLMD´D]D]EL]DOPDVDWLWNiUD0LU,]]HW8OODK-DUNDQGEDQYDQHJ\ODGDNL PRKDPHGiQ~UUDO$EGXO/DWLIIDOHJ\WW$]DPHJEt]iVXNKRJ\PHJJ\]]pNDNtQDLKLYDWDOQR NRNDWD]H[SHGtFLyEpNpVV]iQGpNDLUyOpVKRJ\OHURQWViNDNDVPtULJ\DSM~NHUHVNHGNEHIRO\iViWLO OHWYH LQWULNiLW PHUW H]HN IpOWLN MyO M|YHGHOPH] PRQySROLXPXNDW D] DQJRORN PHVWHUNHGpVHLWO 0RRUFURIW QHP DNDU .tQiEDQ VRNiLJ WDUWy]NRGQL FVDN iWXWD]yEDQ OHV] PLYHO YDOyGL FpOMD 6]DPDUNDQGEDpV%XKDUiEDNHOHWIHOOHOMXWQL

0LGQ&VRPD6iQGRUIOpEHMXWKRJ\D]DQJROpSSHQD]RQD]~WYRQDORQV]iQGpNR]LNXWD]

QLDPHO\HQLVDNDUWPHQQLIHMpEHV]iOODYpU$PLHGGLJHOpOHKHWHWOHQYROWOHKHWVpJHVVpYiOKDW QDKD0RRUFURIWKDMODQGyOHQQHWHOYLQQLPDJiYDO-DUNDQGLJ+DPiUNtQDLWHUOHWHQOHQQH~J\

VHMWLKRJ\QHKp]VpJQpONOWXGQDWRYiEEKDODGQLYpJFpOMDIHOpYDJ\LV0RQJyOLiLJ$NNRU|VV]H V]HGLDEiWRUViJiWpVHOPDJ\DUi]]DD]DQJROQDNPLO\HQKHO\]HWEHQYDQ0HJNpUGH]LYDMRQQHP WXGQDHFVDWODNR]QLD]H[SHGtFLyMiKR]pVYHOHHJ\HWHPEHQiWKiJQLDUHWWHQHWHV.DUDNRUXPRQ&VR PiQDNDNLV]HJpQ\PLQWDWHPSORPHJHUHD]pUWLVMyPHJROGiVOHQQHPHUWD]DQJRORNWyOPHOHJ UXKiWMyFLSWViWUDWpOHOPHWPiOKiVORYDWEL]WRQViJRWNDSQDXJ\DQ~J\PLQWQ\ROFKyQDSSDO H]HOWWDPLNRUDNpWIUDQFLDWLV]WWHOEL]WRQViJRVDQiWOpSWHDUpPHV+DLEiUKiJyWD]DIJiQKDWiUQiO

&VRGiODWRVGRORJOHQQH|VV]HVSUREOpPiMDPHJROGyGQD9DOyMiEDQD]LVWHQLJRQGYLVHOpVKR]WD|VV]H D]]DODJD]GDJJ\HVDQJROXWD]yYDO

0RRUFURIWMyLQGXODW~HPEHUV]tYHVHQQ\~MWVHJtWNH]HWKDDONDORPDNDGUi&VRPD6iQGRU NpUGpVpUHPLQGMiUWLJHQOYiODV]WDG$XJXV]WXVHOHMpQHJ\WWLQGXOQDNYLVV]D/HKIHOpDKRYiDX JXV]WXViQNpQ\HOPHVHQPHJpUNH]QHN&VRPDPLQGHQUHPpQ\pW0RRUFURIWEDKHO\H]L5HPpO GHHJ\~WWDOQ\XJWDODQNRGLNKiWKDDNtQDLDNHOXWDVtWMiND]XWD]yNNpUHOPpW+iURPKpWLJL]JDORPPDO

(3)

YiUMD0LU,]]HW8OODK]HQHWpW9pJOV]HSWHPEHUpQKROWIiUDGWDQOHM|QDKHJ\UO$EGXO/DWLI

$NtQDLPDQGDULQRNWDJDGyYiODV]DXWiQU|JW|Q-DUNDQGRWHOKDJ\WDQHPYiUYD0LU,]]HW8OODKRW DNLQHNPpJGROJDYROWDYiURVEDQ(OIXWiUNpQWHOLQGXOWHJ\/HKIHOpPHQNHUHVNHGNDUDYiQQDO KRJ\pUWHVtWVHD]DQJROH[SHGtFLyWDJMDLWDURVV]KtUUO$KLGHJYpU&IOHJPDWLNXVDQJROD]RQQDO EHOHW|UGLNDYiOWR]KDWDWODQEDpVHOKDWiUR]]DKRJ\%XKDUiED$IJDQLV]WiQRQiWIRJPHQQL6]HS WHPEHUKXV]DGLNiUDNLW&]LYLVV]DLQGXOiViW.DVPLUIHOp

.|]EHQ &VRPD 6iQGRU EHOiWMD KRJ\ NLOiWiVWDODQ D KHO\]HWH +LiED YiUWD KRJ\ -DUNDQGED PHQMHQD]DQJROH[SHGtFLyYDO.|Q\|UWHOHQOWDNWLNiWNHOOYiOWR]WDWQLD+DHJ\HOUHQHPWXG.tQiED EHMXWQLDNNRUV]tYHVHQPDUDGD+LPDOiMiEDQpVKR]]iIRJDWLEHWLQ\HOYWDQXOiViKR]0RRUFURIWD]

HO]KyQDSRNEDQD]WD]yKDMiWIHMH]WHNLKRJ\HJ\V]HUDNDGMRQHJ\HXUySDLWXGyVDNLHUUHDKHU NXOHVLPXQNiUDKDMODQGyOHQQH$NNRUVHJtWHQHQHNLSiUWIRJiViYDOSROLWLNDLEHIRO\iViYDOV]HPp O\HV N|]EHQMiUiVDLYDO DQ\DJLODJ LV VDMiW SpQ]pYHO pV NO|QE|] DMiQOiVDLYDO 6]yYDO D GRORJ HJ\iOWDOiQ QHP OHQQH QHNL N|]|PE|V 0iU RGD LV DGWD PDJ\DU EDUiWMiQDN D] HJ\HWOHQ N|Q\YHW PHO\DEEDQD]LGEHQDWLEHWLQ\HOYUOpVEXGGKLVWDP&YHOGpVUOV]yOWDKDWYDQpYYHOH]HOWWD Ä&RQJUHJDWLR GH SURSDJDQGD ILGH´ iOWDO 5yPiEDQ NLDGRWW *HRUJL iJRVWRQUHQGL V]HU]HWHV Ä$OSKDEHWXP7LEHWDQXP´FtP&H]HUROGDODVODWLQQ\HOY&P&YpW7LV]WiEDQYDQDP&KLEiLYDOpV IRJ\DWpNRVViJDLYDOGHQLQFVHQYiODV]WpN(]YDOyEDQD]HJ\HWOHQOpWH]EHYH]HWpVDWLEHWLLURGD ORPEDD]HXUySDLDNV]iPiUD

.U|VL&VRPD6iQGRUPHJEHV]pOLD]J\HW0RRUFURIWWDOIHODMiQOMDV]ROJiODWDLWDPHQQ\LEHQ D]DQJROWXGQiQHNLDPLQLPiOLVDQ\DJLWiPRJDWiVWEL]WRVtWDQLpVHJ\DWLEHWLQ\HOYUHMWpO\HLEHEH DYDWRWWWDQtWyWPHJV]HUH]QL0RRUFURIWPHJtJpULKRJ\VHJtWLDQ\DJLODJpVKRJ\N|]EHQMiUpUGHNp EHQ*DJDEV7DQ¶G]LQEDUiWMiQiOYDODPLQW7V¶HGEDQGKRQJUXEQiODODGDNLEND¶EORQQiOYDJ\LV DIPLQLV]WHUQpONLQHNDQHYpW7VLYD7DQGXUDWRU]tWMD&VRPD~J\JRQGROMDKRJ\DV]yWiUNpV]t WpVpYHONpV]HQOHV]HJ\PiVIpOpYHQEHOO(OOHQEHQPLYHOQHPWXGW|NpOHWHVHQDQJROXOLQNiEE ODWLQUDIRJMDDWLEHWLV]DYDNDWIRUGtWDQL$MyLQGXODW~GHyYDWRVDQJROHUUHD]WMHOHQWLNLKRJ\PDMG DN|YHWNH]pYWDYDV]iQPLHOWWYpJOHJHOKDJ\MD6ULQDJiUWpUHWWPHJIRQWROiVXWiQMDYDVODWiWWDOiQ MyYiKDJ\MDKD~J\pU]LKRJ\/DGDNSROLWLNDLKHO\]HWpUHQp]YHYpJEHYLKHW(J\HOUHLSDUNRGMRQ PLQGHQNpSSHQ PLQpO HOEE KR]]iNH]GHQL D WLEHWL Q\HOY NRPRO\ WDQXOiViKR] PiU FVDN D]pUW LV KRJ\PHJWXGMDEHFVOQLQHKp]VpJHLW

(J\pENpQW.U|VL&VRPDQHPPDUDGWpWOHQO$QQDNKDOODWiUDKRJ\DPRKDPHGiQODGDNL

~UDNL0RRUFURIWQHYpEHQ0LU,]]HW8OODKPHOOHWW-DUNDQGEDQWiUJ\DOWDNtQDLPDQGDULQRNNDOpV DNLpSSHQDNNRUpUNH]HWWRQQDQYLVV]DiOOtWyODJPHJWDQXOWDILDWDONRUiEDQDSHU]VDQ\HOYHWU|JW|Q pUGHNOGLNLUiQWD0RRUFURIWQiOpV7UHEHFNQpO6]HUHWQpWXGQLYDMRQH]DWLEHWLQ\HOY&HPEHULJD ]iQ IRO\pNRQ\DQ EHV]pOLH D SHU]ViW pV NpSHV OHQQHH HQQHN D Q\HOYQHN D N|]YHWtWpVpYHO VDMiW DQ\DQ\HOYpWJUDPPDWLNDLODJPHJPDJ\DUi]QL

$QHYH$EGXO/DWLIDUDEXOÄDMyViJRVLVWHQUDEV]ROJiMiW´MHOHQWLDPLHOiUXOMDQHPFVDN PX]XOPiQYDOOiViWKDQHPD]WLVKRJ\DVLtWDV]HNWiKR]WHKiWD]LV]OiPLUiQLiJiKR]WDUWR]LN%H V]pOJHWpVN|]EHQ&VRPDPHJWXGMDPLO\HQN|UOPpQ\HNN|]|WWOpSHWW|VV]HN|WWHWpVEHD]DQJROH[

SHGtFLy WDJMDLYDO 9pOHWOHQO WDOiONR]RWW YHON 5XRG 5XSFVXEDQ V]HSWHPEHU pQ PLDODWWKLYDWDORV~WRQYROWDYLGpNHQDODGDNLNRUPiQ\XWDVtWiViUD$NNRUQHPWXGRWWPDUDGQL D] DQJRORNNDOPHUWQHNLNHOOHWWU*\DEDPHQQLLQQHQKiURPNRV]UD|WpVIpONLORPpWHU¶-LJV PHG3KXQWVKRJVJDODKHO\L~UUDOWiUJ\DOQL(OOHQEHQ|WQDSUDUiV]HSWHPEHUpQHVWH~MUDMH OHQWNH]HWWD]DQJRORNWiERUiEDQ0LYHOQHPWXGRWWDQJROXOSHU]ViXOERFViWNR]RWWEHV]pOJHWpVEH 0LU,]]HW8OODKYDODNLD]WiQ0RRUFURIWQDNpVDW|EELHNQHNODGDNLYHQGpJNEHV]pGMpWWROPiFVRO WDËJ\PiUD]HOVpULQWNH]pVVHOEHEL]RQ\RVRGRWWKRJ\$EGXO/DWLID]RNN|]pDULWNDODGDNLDNN|

]pWDUWR]LNDNLNNLYiOyDQEHV]pOQHNSHU]ViXO0HJLVPDJ\DUi]]DKRJ\PLpUWWDQXOWDPHJLO\HQ W|NpOHWHVHQH]WD]LGHJHQQ\HOYHW7DQtWYiQ\DYROWHJ\/HKEHQpO+RG]VD6DK1\DV]+DQQHY&

KtUHVPX]XOPiQWDQiUQDNDNLWV]HQWHPEHUNpQWWLV]WHOpVH]pUWSLU]DGiQDNV]yOtW+RG]VD6DK1\DV]

(4)

+DQ 0LU ,]]HW 8OODK FVDOiGMiYDO EDUiWL NDSFVRODWRW WDUW ~J\KRJ\ D WDOiONR]iV $EGXO /DWLIIDO PLQGMiUWHOIRJXODWODQViJpVWDUWy]NRGiVQpONOW|UWpQW

0LXWiQWXGDNR]yGRWWDIHOOYDMRQPLD]DQJROH[SHGtFLyYDOyGLFpOMDIHODMiQORWWDKRJ\DN|

YHWNH]UHJJHOHOYLV]L0LU,]]HW8OODKRWU*\DXUiKR]pVHJ\EHQ*DJDEV7DQ¶G]LQKR]LVDNL DIPLQLV]WHUVyJRUDpVpSSHQLWWYDQHJ\SiUQDSyWD2QQDQYLVV]DWpUYH0LU,]]HW8OODKHO PRQGMD0RRUFURIWQDNKRJ\DNpWODGDNL~UHOVVRUEDQDWWyOWDUWRWWKRJ\D]H[SHGtFLyWXODMGRQ NpSSHQHJ\KyGtWyVHUHJiOFi]RWWHOFVDSDWDOHKHWHWWKLV]HQQDJ\RQyYDNRGQDNDODGDNLDNPLQGD]

LQGLDLDQJRORNWyOPLQGDSHQG]ViELV]LNKHNWOPHUWWXGMiNPHQQ\LUHWHKHWHWOHQOHQQHV]HJpQ\NLV QHP]HWNKDV]HPEHNHOOHQHV]iOOQLDHJ\LGHJHQWiPDGiVVDO$IXUIDQJRVPXPVLPHJPXWDWWDQH NLNW|EEKLPDOiMDLNLUiO\pVYH]tUOHYHOpWPHO\HNEL]RQ\tWRWWiNKRJ\0RRUFURIWYiOODONR]iViQDN NL]iUyODJNHUHVNHGHOPLFpOMDYDQ0HJJ\]GWHNUyOD~J\KRJ\DYpJpQPHJtJpUWpNKRJ\tUQDN HJ\NHGYH]MHOHQWpVWDIPLQLV]WHUQHNPHO\D]DQJROXWD]yWHOQ\|VV]tQEHQWQWHWLIHO$QQ\LUD MyEDUiWViJEDQYiOWDNHOHJ\PiVWyOKRJ\V]HSWHPEHUpQ0RRUFURIW7UHEHFN0LU,]]HW8OODK pVDILD$EGXO/DWLINtVpUHWpEHQPHJOiWRJDWWiNU*\DXUiWpV*DJDEV7DQ¶G]LQWXGYDULDVViJLLO OHWYHEHPXWDWNR]yNLKDOOJDWiVRQ7LEHWLPyGUDVyVYDMDVWHDPHOOHWWIRO\WDEHV]pOJHWpV(J\yUi YDONpVEEDNpW/DGDNLYLV]RQR]WDD]DQJRORNOiWRJDWiViWFXNURVWHMHVWHDPHOOHWWLQGLDLPyGUD HJ\ SRKiU SiOLQNiYDO LV DQJRO PyGUD %~FV~]iVNRU HJ\ WHNHUFV V]pS V]|YHWHW NDSWDN DPLpUW D]XWiQ¶-LJVPHG3KXQWVKRJV7VLPPD3DQFKLN0RRUFURIWiWtUiVDV]HULQWHJ\ELUNiWpVHJ\NHFV NpWNOG|WWQHNLEDUiWLpU]HOPHLMHOpO

$UiN|YHWNH]UHJJHOD]DQJRORNIHOV]HGWpNDWiERUWpV$EGXO/DWLIYH]HWpVHDODWWHOLQGXOWDN D],QGXVIRO\yY|OJ\HIHOp(J\Q\iUIiVHUGEHQOHWHOHSHGWHNYiUYDDODGDNLIPLQLV]WHUYiODV]iW 1HPVRNiUD *DJD EV7DQ¶G]LQ ~MUD PHJMHOHQW PRQGYiQ KRJ\ D IPLQLV]WHU HJ\ N|]EHQ NLW|UW KLPOMiUYiQ\PLDWWD]WDMiQOMDKRJ\D]H[SHGtFLyNHUOMHNLDIYiURVWpVPHQMHQWRYiEE1XEUiQ NHUHV]WO-DUNDQGED(UUH$EGXO/DWLIWDQiFViUD0RRUFURIWtUWV]HPpO\HVHQDEND¶EORQQDNpV0LU ,]]HW8OODK+RG]VD6DK1\DV]+DQQDN$]WiQ$EGXO/DWLIHOYLWWHDOHYHOHNHW/HKEHPRQGYiQ ODWEDYHWLDEHFVOHWpWKRJ\D]J\VLNHUOM|Q

eV YDOyEDQ VLNHUOW hJ\HVVpJpQHN NLWDUWiViQDN N|V]|QKHWHQ NLFVLNDUW D IPLQLV]WHUWO HJ\ LJHQOYiODV]W PLXWiQ PHJPDJ\DUi]WD KRJ\ PLQWHJ\ YDUi]VWpVUH PHJV]&QW D] iOOtWyODJRV KLPOMiUYiQ\(]]HO$EGXO/DWLIEHEL]RQ\tWRWWDKRJ\QHPFVDNNHGYHVWXGRWWOHQQLD]DQJRORNNDO KDQHPV]ROJiODWNpV]LV1\LWYDYROWD]~W/HKEH

0iVQDSUHJJHOHOLQGXOWD]H[SHGtFLyD]]DODV]iQGpNNDOKRJ\PLQpOHOEE/HKEHQOHJ\HQ (OOHQEHQ ~WN|]EHQ NLGHUOW KRJ\ +RG]VD 6KDK 1\DV] +DQ pSSHQ HJ\ NLV IDOXEDQ WDUWy]NRGLN HJ\LNWDQtWYiQ\iQiO$EGXO/DWLIUDJDV]NRGRWWKR]]iKRJ\IHOWpWOHQOEHPXWDVVDPpO\HQWLV]WHOW WDQiUiWDQJROEDUiWMiQDN0RRUFURIWLV|UOWDYiUDWODQDONDORPQDNKRJ\V]HPpO\HVHQPHJN|V]|Q MHNHJ\HVN|]EHQMiUiViWpUGHNpEHQDODGDNLIPLQLV]WHUQpO

+RG]VD6DK1\DV]+DQQHPWLEHWLKDQHPN|]pSi]VLDLWUNYROW$]]EpJIDMWiKR]WDUWR ]RWW=DILUXGGLQ0RKDPPHG%DEXUV]DPDUNDQGLNLUiO\ROGDOiJLLYDGpNDYROW1DJ\DSMD+RG]VD 0RKDPPHG-XV]HI7DVNHQWEHQXUDONRGRWWeGHVDSMDSHGLJ+RG]VD$EGXU5DKLP0HNNiEyOYLV]

V]DPHQHW PHJiOOW /DKRUEDQ pV LQQHQ W|EEp QHP PHQW KD]D PHUW D KHO\L NRUPiQ\]yWyO 0LU 0DQXWyOHJ\KDWDOPDVI|OGELUWRNRWG]VDJLUWNDSRWW,PDPDEDGPHOOHWW6DMQRVNpQ\HOPHVKHO\]H WpWQHPWXGWDVRNiLJpOYH]QLPHUWD]DIJiQKyGtWy$KPHG6DKW|QNUHWHWWHYDJ\RQiW(UUH.DVPtU ED PHQHNOW DKRO LGV NRUiLJ N|]WLV]WHOHWEHQ pOW pV V]HQW KtUpEHQ KDOW PHJ )LD +RG]VD 6KDK 1\DV] +DQ MiPERUViJiW V]HQWVpJpW |U|N|OWH (OOHQEHQ PLXWiQ 5DQG]VLW 6]LQJ 3HQG]ViE V]LNK PDKDUDG]ViMD.DVPtUWD]DIJiQRNHOOHQPHJKyGtWRWWD~MUDPHQHNOQLNHOOHWWQHNL$NNRU/DGDNED PHQWpVD]yWDLWWpOWV]HJpQ\HVHQ$QpONO|]pVHNN|]|WWWHQJG|WWDV]DPDUNDQGLNLUiO\LFVDOiG XWROVyVDUMDUiV]RUXOYDWDQtWYiQ\DLQDNVHJtWVpJpUHGHHJ\EXGGKLVWDHPEHUV]HUHWRUV]iJEDQ

$PLNRU0RRUFURIWPHJOiWRJDWWDN|UOEHOOKDWYDQpYHVOHKHWHWW7HOMHVHQ]EpJPyGUDYROW

|OW|]YHHJ\I|OGLJpUENDIWiQEDQWXUEiQQDODIHMpQ1DJ\RQQ\iMDVDQIRJDGWDWDQtWYiQ\iWpVHQ QHNDQJROEDUiWMiW+DER]iVQpONOIHODMiQORWWDV]ROJiODWDLWpVHJ\EHQPHJPRQGWD0RRUFURIWQDN

(5)

KRJ\ $EGXO /DWLIIDO V]HPEHQ WHOMHV EL]DORPPDO OHKHW 6]i] V]i]DOpNLJ EHFVOHWHV HPEHUW QHYHOW EHOOHPHUWQHPFVDND.RUiQUDKDQHPD]HUN|OFV|NUHDWLV]WHOHWUHDEHFVOHWUHQHYHOWH0LQGLJ V]iPtWKDWUiKDYDODPLUHV]NVpJHYDQ

6]HSWHPEHUpQNRUDKDMQDOEDQ$EGXO/DWLIHONtVpUWH0LU,]]HW8OODKRW/HKEHKRJ\HO NpV]tWVpND]H[SHGtFLyWDJMDLQDNNHOOV]iOOiViW%iUPHQQ\LUHV]HPIOHVYROW0LU,]]HW8OODKD]pUW

$EGXO/DWLIMHOHQOpWHPHOOHWWHQDJ\RQIRQWRVYROWQHPFVDND]pUWPHUWWLEHWLOEHV]pOWKDQHPI NpQWD]pUWPHUWPLQGHQNLWLVPHUWDYiURVEDQpVWLVLVPHUWHPLQGHQNL.|QQ\HQIRUJRWWDNLVpV DQDJ\HPEHUHNN|]|WWPLQGDSLDFRQPLQGDNLUiO\LSDORWiEDQ0RQGDQRPVHPNHOOPHQQ\LUH KDV]QiUD YROW D] DQJRO XWD]yNQDN H WHOMHVHQ LGHJHQ RUV]iJEDQ DKRO iOWDOiEDQ VHP HXUySDL VHP i]VLDLQ\HOYHNHQVHQNLVHPWXGRWW1HNLN|V]|QKHWSpOGiXOKRJ\DYpJpQDIPLQLV]WHUHJ\LNKi ]iW D] DQJRORN UHQGHONH]pVpUH ERFViWRWWD D YiURV IXWFiMiQ $ Ki] WiJDV pV DUiQ\ODJ NRPIRUWRV YROWDPLDVRNViWRUR]iVXWiQWDJDGKDWDWODQNpQ\HOPHWV]HU]HWWQHNLN

.pWQDSP~OYD$EGXO/DWLIPHJLQWHONtVpUWH0LU,]]HW8OODKRWDEND¶EORQQiOWROPiFVNpQW PLYHODODGDNLIPLQLV]WHUVHPPLO\HQLGHJHQQ\HOYHQQHPEHV]pOW7V¶HGEDQ'KRQJUXEEHYDOORW WDOiWRJDWyMiQDNKRJ\D]DQJROFVRSRUWYiUDWODQpUNH]pVHQDJ\DJJRGDOPDWRNR]RWWQHNL$]W KLWWHNDWRQDLWiPDGiVUyOYDQV]y$J\DI~UWRNRVNRGiVVDODPXPVLPHJQ\XJWDWWDNO|Q|VHQPLX WiQGRNXPHQWXPRNNDODNH]pEHQPHJPXWDWWDKRJ\0RKDPPHG$]LP.DVPtUWUyQMDYHV]WHWWDI JiQNRUPiQ\]yMiQDN/DGDNHOOHQLLQWULNiLW0RRUFURIWHUpO\HVHQXWDVtWRWWDYLVV]D

2NWyEHUHOVHMpQ$EGXO/DWLI~MUDWROPiFVROWDIPLQLV]WHUQpODPLNRUH]XWyEELKLYDWDORVDQ IRJDGWD0RRUFURIWRWpV7UHEHFNHWKHO\HWWHVHD1RQREND¶EORQMHOHQOpWpEHQ$]pUWHOPHVPX ]XOPiQODGDNLLJHQMyWROPiFVQDNEL]RQ\XOWDNpQ\HVWiUJ\DOiVRQpVPpJHJ\V]HUEHEL]RQ\tWRWWD KRJ\YDOyEDQNLW&QHQWXGSHU]ViXO2NWyEHUpQLVPLGQ0LU,]]HW8OODKPiVRGV]RUYROWDEND¶

EORQQiO NLKDOOJDWiVRQ 2NRV N|]EHQMiUiViYDO 0RRUFURIW pV PXPVLMD KDPDU HO WXGWiN VLPtWDQL D QHKp]VpJHNHWpVPLQGHQHVHWOHJHVIpOUHpUWpVWNLNV]|E|OQL

(J\SiUKpWDODWWDNDVPtULNHFVNHJ\DSM~NHUHVNHGNUiJDOPDLGDFiUDDN|OFV|Q|VEL]DORP OpSHWW D J\DQDNYiV D EL]DOPDWODQViJ KHO\pEH D] DQJRO XWD]yN pV D ODGDNL NRUPiQ\IN|]|WW pV HWHOMHVIHOIRUGXOiVEDQNpWVpJWHOHQO$EGXO/DWLIG|QWV]HUHSHWMiWV]RWW

2NWyEHUpQD1RQREND¶EORQ*DJDEV7DQG]LQD]DQJROEDUiWNHUHVNHG0RKLQ$OL

%DEDpV$EGXO/DWLIHJ\WWPHQWHNPHJOiWRJDWQL+RG]VD6DK1\DV]+DQWDNLHJ\SiUQDSyWD /HKPHOOHWWWDUWy]NRGRWW(]DONDORPPDO$EGXO/DWLIQHPFVDNWROPiFVKDQHPDNWtYUpV]WYHYYROW DEHV]pOJHWpVEHQ$]]EpJSLU]DGD0RRUFURIWLUiQWLV]LQWHPHJEHFVOpVpQHNW|EEWDQ~MHOpWDGWD pVDODGDNLDNDWEX]GtWRWWDDUUDKRJ\PLQpONHGYHVHEEHQIRJDGMiND]DQJROXWD]yNDW$EGXO/DWLI VHJtWVpJpYHOLSDUNRGRWWD]RNWDODQIpOHOPHWOHJ\]QLD]XWROVyHOtWpOHWHNHWOHN]GHQL

(WWONH]GYHD]WOHKHWPRQGDQL$EGXO/DWLIUyOKRJ\LVD]DQJROFVRSRUWKR]WDUWR]LNÒJ\

YLVHONHGLNPLQWKDN|]pMNWDUWR]QDQRKDPLQGHQYDOyV]tQ&VpJV]HULQWQHPV]iQGpNR]RWW0RRU FURIWWDOHJ\WWXWD]QLDN|]pSi]VLDLNiQViJRNED)HOW&QKRJ\DOHJQDJ\REERGDDGiVVDOiOOUHQ GHONH]pVpUHKRORWWWXODMGRQNpSSHQPiVGROJDLVYDQPLQWHJpV]QDSD]DQJRORNNDOIRJODONR]QL 'H KD KtYMiN PLQGMiUW PHJMHOHQLN PLQGHQW IpOUHWpYH 0LQGLJ KDMODQGy WROPiFVNpQW N|]YHWtW NpQWNpSYLVHONpQWP&N|GQLKDDUUDNpULN+DD]DQJROXWD]yWiUJ\DOQLDNDUDODGDNLDNNDOYDJ\D NDVPtULDNNDOV]tYHVHQWROPiFVROGHpUYHOLVpVD]pUYHOpVHiOWDOiEDQLJHQKDWKDWyVPHUWMREEDQLV PHULD] i]VLDLDNJRQGRONRGiVPyGMiWPLQWLGHJHQEDUiWMD(J\V]yYDOVHJtWVpJHIHOEHFVOKHWHWOHQ pUWpN&0RRUFURIWV]iPiUD

EHQ7V¶HGEDQ'KRQJUXE0RRUFURIWQDNHOPRQGMDKRJ\JRQGRVPHJIRQWROiVXWiQD]

NRUPiQ\DDNLUiO\MyYiKDJ\iViYDOV]HUHWQHDV]RPV]pGRVEULW,QGLiYDOYpGV]|YHWVpJHWN|WQL KRJ\W|EEpQHOHJ\HQFVDWOyVDVHPDV]LNKHNQHNVHPD]DIJiQRNQDNYDJ\LVKRJ\QHNHOOMHQiO ODQGyDQWONIJJQLpVIpOQL,JD]0RRUFURIWpJUHI|OGUHHVNGWHKRJ\FVDNOyNHUHVNHGHOHPPHO IRJODONR]LN QHP SHGLJ SROLWLNiYDO 0pJLV D ODGDNL NRUPiQ\ NpUHOPpW .DONXWWiED WRYiEEtWRWWD PLXWiQ$EGXO/DWLIpV0LU,]]HW8OODKVHJtWVpJpYHONHOOIRUPiEDQPHJIRJDOPD]WD(OOHQEHQD]

DQJROLQGLDLNRUPiQ\QDJ\RQURVV]QpYHQYHWWHD]~J\LVURVV]KtUQpYQHN|UYHQGiOODWRUYRVEHOH

(6)

DYDWNR]iViWDGLSORPiFLiED$V]pSV]|YHWVpJLDMiQODW]iWRQ\UDIXWRWW0RRUFURIWRWPHJUyWWiNpV PHJV]QWHWWpNDIL]HWpVpW

(NHOOHPHWOHQHSL]yGXWiQHONOGWH0LU,]]HW8OODKRW-DUNDQGEDKRJ\DNtQDLEHXWD]iVLHQ JHGpO\J\pWVUJHVVHLOOHWYHKRJ\H]WNLFVLNDUMDD]RWWDQLKDWDOPDVViJRNWyO$]WiQHOLQGXOWYDGOy UDNLDQJUDYDGiV]QLD%\DQWDQIHOpQRKDD]RNWyEHULKyQDSPiUDYpJpWMiUWD$UHWWHQWKLGHJ HOOHQpUHDWLEHWLKDWiULJHOMXWRWWPLNRUQRYHPEHUiQ*HRUJH*XWKULHEDUiWMiWyOpUWHVtWpVW NDSRWWKRJ\N|]EHQ-DUNDQGEyO/HKEHPHJpUNH]HWWHJ\NtQDLGHOHJiFLyD]]DODIHODGDWWDOKRJ\

0LU,]]HW8OODKiOOtWiVDLWHOOHQUL]]H$NNRUQ\RPEDQYLVV]DIRUGXOWGHPLUH/HKEHpUW~MUDDNtQD LDNPiUHOKDJ\WiNDYiURVWPLYHODPHJV]HU]HWWDGDWRNpUGHNOGpVNHWNLHOpJtWHWWpN$EL]WRQViJ NHGYppUW0RRUFURIWPpJLVPHJNpUWH$EGXO/DWLIRWLQGXOMRQD]RQQDO-DUNDQGEDDN|]HOJWpOGDFiUD KLV]HQGHFHPEHUEHQPpJYDQQDNNDUDYiQRNDPHO\HNPHJSUyEiOQDNiWMXWQLD.DUDNRUXPLKiJyQ

$EGXO/DWLIKDER]iVQpONOHOHJHWWHWWNpUpVpQHNQRKDWXGWDKRJ\LO\HQNRUDQQ\LUDUHWWHQH WHVDKLGHJDNDUDNRUXPLKHJ\OiQFRQW|EEPLQWPpWHUQ\LPDJDVViJEDQKRJ\PpJDKLJDQ\

LV PHJIDJ\ D KPpUEHQ $] HPEHUHN D] iOODWRN LV J\DNUDQ PHJIDJ\QDN PLQGHQ PHOHJ UXKD YDVWDJWDNDUyI&W|WWViWRUHOOHQpUH$EGXO/DWLIUHQGNtYOV]ROJiODWNpV]YLVHONHGpVHH]DONDORPPDO YpJOHJEHEL]RQ\tWRWWDPHQQ\LUHNpV]VpJHVYROWD]DQJROXWD]yNLUiQW6DMiWpUGHNHLWFVDOiGMiWED UiWDLW ]OHWpW ILJ\HOHPEH QHP YpYH HOLQGXOW D WpOEHQ pOHWH YHV]pO\H]WHWpVpYHO pV -DUNDQGEDQ HJpV]HQ V]HSWHPEHUpLJ PDUDGW KRJ\ LJ\HNH]]HQ PHJJ\]QL D NtQDL PDQGDULQRNDW 0RRUFURIWEpNpVV]iQGpNDLUyO0LQGHQiOGR]DWRWPHJKR]RWWD]pUWKRJ\D]J\VLNHUOM|Q

0pJVHPVLNHUOW)iMyV]tYYHOYLVV]DVLHWHWWDWDJDGyYiODV]WN|]|OQLDQJROEDUiWDLYDO 0LDODWW$EGXO/DWLI-DUNDQGEDQW|EEPLQWNLOHQFKyQDSLJYiUWDDKHO\L]VDUQRNRNYpJVG|Q WpVpW0RRUFURIWDWDYDV]YpJpQSRQWRVDQM~QLXVpQ/DGDNQ\XJDWLWDUWRPiQ\iED3XULJED PHQWI|OGUDM]LNXWDWiVWYpJH]QL(QQHNDNLUiQGXOiVQDNLVPHUMNDFVRGiODWRVN|YHWNH]PpQ\pW M~OLXViQD'UDV]IRO\yY|OJ\pEHQ.U|VL&VRPD6iQGRUUDOWDOiONR]RWW$PDJ\DUpVD]

DQJROXWD]yPHJEDUiWNR]WDNpVPLYHOH]XWyEELPpJDNNRUEL]WRVUDYHWWHKRJ\QHPVRNiUD-DUNDQGED LQGXOPHJKtYWD~MLVPHUVpWFVDWODNR]]RQH[SHGtFLyMiKR]pVM|MM|QLV.HOHW7XUNHV]WiQED

(]pUWDXJXV]WXViQ&VRPD6iQGRUPpJHJ\V]HU/HKEHQYROW6]HSWHPEHUiQ7UHEHFN PHJpUNH]HWW6SLWLEyO.pWQDSUDUi$EGXO/DWLILV-DUNDQGEyODOHKDQJROyKtUUHO9pJOV]HSWHPEHU iQ0RRUFURIWYLVV]DLQGXOW*XWKULHYDO.DVPtUED$PLWLOOHWL&VRPD6iQGRU7UHEHFNNHOPD UDGWPHUWH]XWyEELQDNYiUQLDNHOOHWWKRJ\D]H[SHGtFLy|W|GLNWDJMD*KXODP+DMGDU+DQ6]DEDW KXEyO M|MM|Q YLVV]D D WRYiEEL XWD]iVKR] QpONO|]KHWHWOHQ SpQ]]HO pOHOHPPHO IHJ\YHUHNNHO VW HJ\FVRPDJGUiJDN|YHWLVNHOOKR]QLDRQQDQHOUHQHPOiWRWWHVHWUH0LQGH]HNHW.HQQHG\V]i]D GRVWyONHOOHWWiWYHQQLHPLHOWW~MUD~WQDNLQGXOW/DGDNED

&VRPD6iQGRUNpUpVpUHpV0RRUFURIWMyYiKDJ\iViYDO*HRUJH7UHEHFNPHJV]yOtWRWWD$EGXO /DWLIRW²DNLQHNSHGLJHQQ\LLGHJ|OYiUDNR]iVXWiQPiVGROJDOHKHWHWW²QHPWXGQiHDPDJ\DU XWD]yW PHJWDQtWDQL WLEHWLO EHV]pOQL D SHU]VD N|]YHWtWpVpYHO KLV]HQ PLQG D NHWWHQ H]W D] LGHJHQ Q\HOYHWMyOLVPHULN7XGQLLOOLNQHIHOHGMNHOKRJ\,UiQEDQ.U|VL&VRPD6iQGRUNHUHNHJ\HV]

WHQGWW|OW|WWHOVVRUEDQ7HKHUiQEDQD]WiQ0HVKHGEHQ(]DODWWDKRVV]~LGDODWWDSHU]VDWDQX OiViUD DGWD PDJiW ~J\KRJ\ LJHQ MyO HOVDMiWtWRWWD D Q\HOYHW (UUO EL]RQ\ PHJJ\]GKHWHWW D NpW IUDQFLD NDWRQDWLV]W DNLNNHO MDQXiU pV PiUFLXV N|]|WW XWD]RWW 3HQG]ViEED PHUW YHON QHP IUDQFLiXOKDQHPSHU]ViXOEHV]pOW

7HUPpV]HWHVHQ HJ\V]HU& HOHPL RNWDWiVUyO OHQQH V]y (J\HOUH QHP D] LURGDOPL KDQHP D N|]QDSLODGDNLQ\HOYUHYDQVUJVV]NVpJH$]tUiVQHPLVIRQWRVIKRJ\YDODPLWWXGMRQEHV]pOQL

6]RNiVRVNHGYHVVpJpYHOpVNpV]VpJpYHO$EGXO/DWLIU|JW|QNHGYH]HQYiODV]ROW7UHEHFN QHNpVPiUV]HSWHPEHUpQHOVWLEHWLyUiMiWDGWD&VRPD6iQGRUQDNSHU]VDQ\HOYHQ

1HJ\YHQKDWQDSRQNHUHV]WOQRYHPEHUKHWHGLNpLJYDJ\LVPLQGDGGLJPtJ7UHEHFNQHPYROW NpQ\WHOHQ/HKWHOKDJ\QLPLHOWWDKyWRUODV]RNYpJOHJHVHQOH]iUMiNDKiJyNDW$EGXO/DWLIDOHJ QDJ\REEEX]JDORPPDOW|EEV]|UQDSRQWDLQWHQ]tYHQRNWDWWDPDJ\DUWDQtWYiQ\iWD]HO]QDSOHFNpLW IHOPRQGDWWDLJD]LV]DNpUWHOHPPHOPLQWKDPLQGLJH]OHWWYROQDDIRJODONR]iVD1HPFVRGDWHKiW

(7)

KRJ\NpVEEDU|JW|Q]|WWWLEHWLWDQiUiWÄpUWHOPHVHJ\pQ´QHNQHYH]WH$EGXO/DWLIYDOyEDQUHPH NHOW3HGLJDKDWiULGERU]DV]WyDQU|YLGYROW0LWOHKHWWDQXOQLPiVIpOKyQDSDODWWHJ\RO\DQLGH JHQQ\HOYEOPHO\JUDPPDWLNDLV]HUNH]HWpEHQDODNWDQiEDQPRQGDWWDQiEDQIRQHWLNiMiEDQV]y NLQFVpEHQWHOMHVHQPiVJRQGRONRGiVPyGRWIHMH]NLPLQWDPLWHGGLJLVPHUWpVWDQXOWHXUySDLpV NHOHWLQ\HOYHNDODSMiQ"(OOHQEHQ&VRPD6iQGRUQDNQDJ\RQQDJ\WDSDV]WDODWDpVJ\DNRUODWDYROW pVH]HQNtYONLPRQGRWWQ\HOYpU]pNHLV6]HQYHGpO\HVHQWDQXOWOiWiVWyOYDNXOiVLJGROJR]RWWV]i]

V]RU IHOPRQGWD D OHFNpW KRJ\ EHU|J]GM|Q HPOpNH]HWpEH MHJ\]HWHNHW tUW LJ\HNH]HWW D My ODGDNL NLHMWpVWXWiQR]QL0iVUDQHPLVJRQGROWPLQWWDQXOQLpVPpJWDQXOQLPHUWD]LGNRUOiWR]YDYROW ÒJ\YROWPLQWDYHUVHQ\IXWyDNLHJ\OG|]YHUVHQ\EHQYHV]UpV]W(OIRJDGWDDNLKtYiVWpVDYHU VHQ\WPHJQ\HUWHGHFVDND]pUWPHUW$EGXO/DWLIKDWpNRQ\DQVHJtWHWWH0LUHQRYHPEHUpQMyWHY WDQiUiWyO HOE~FV~]RWW DQQ\LW WXGRWW D EHV]pOW WLEHWLEO KRJ\ D]]DO HJ\WW DPLW |W KyQDSRQ iW 6ULQDJDUEDQ 0RRUFURIW YLOOiMiEDQ PDJiQV]RUJDORPEyO WDQXOW PiU HJ\V]HU& PRQGDWRNDW NpSHV YROWV]HUNHV]WHQLpVDOLJKDQHPpUWKHWHQODGDNLPyGRQNLHMWHQL(QQHNDNH]GHWLWXGiViQDNPHJ YDQ D FiIROKDWDWODQ EL]RQ\tWpND M~QLXV HOHMpQ DPLNRU KDUPDGV]RU /HKEHQ PHJMHOHQLN

$EGXO /DWLI WiYRO YDQ +RG]VD 6DK 1\DV] +DQQDO YDODKRO YLGpNHQ .U|VL &VRPD 6iQGRU QHP YiUMDPHJDYLVV]DWpUpVpW1HPNpUL0RKLQ$OLEDEDVHJtWVpJpWVHP%iWUDQHJ\HGOMHOHQWNH]LN WROPiFVQpONO7V¶HGEDQ'KRQJUXEQiO0RRUFURIWpV0LU,]]HW8OODKDMiQGpNDLWiWQ\~MWMDQHNL EL]RQ\RVNRPPHQWiUUDOpV~J\DKRJ\HODGMDPRQGDQLYDOyMiW6DMiWHUHMpYHONLK~]]DPDJiWDNp Q\HVKHO\]HWEOYDOyV]tQ&OHJHUON|GYHYDJ\LVNp]]HOOiEEDOGH~J\OiWV]LNVLNHUOWPHJpUWHWQL PDJiW 9DMRQ D] LGV WHOMHVHQ IRJDWODQ IPLQLV]WHU KDON KDGDUiViW WXGWDH pUWHQL" %L]RQ\RVDQ D EHV]pOJHWpV NH]GHWOHJHV OHKHWHWW ~J\LV D END¶EORQ WXGWD KRJ\ PLUO YDQ V]y pV PLW NHOO WHQQLH 0RRUFURIWEDUiWMiQDNpUGHNpEHQ1HPNHOOHWWKR]]iKRVV]~PDJ\DUi]DW

$]XWiQ~WEDQ=DQJODIHOpD]WNtVpUHJ\HWOHQKRUGiUUDOLVEHV]pOJHWKHWHWWHJ\NLFVLWPiU FVDND]pUWKRJ\PHJPRQGMDQHNLPLWDNDUFVLQiOQLPHUUHNHOOPHQQLPLNRUNHOOW]HWUDNQLpV WHiWI]QLKRJ\DQYpGHNH]KHWQHNDKLGHJDV]pOHOOHQKROWHOHSHGQHNOHpMV]DNiUDVWE

9pJO M~QLXV iQ PLXWiQ =DQJOiED PHJpUNH]HWW EHPXWDWNR]RWW WDQtWyPHVWHUpQHN 6DQV UJ\DV3¶XQWVKRJVQDNWHUPpV]HWHVHQWLEHWLQ\HOYHQ/HJDOiEEDQQ\LWPRQGRWWQHNLKRJ\DOiPD PHJpUWHWWHV]iQGpNiW0LYHOHO]OHJDEND¶EORQWyOWiMpNR]WDWiVWNDSRWWPiUYROWIRJDOPDPD J\DUWDQtWYiQ\iQDNV]RNDWODQPLYROWiUyO7HKiWQHPOHSG|WWPHJNHUpNEHW|UWEHV]pGpQ0LQGHQ HVHWUHU|JYHVWKR]]iNH]GKHWWHNDNODVV]LNXVWLEHWLQ\HOYWDQXOiViKR]

6]yYDOQLQFVNpWVpJH]D] ÄpUWHOPHVHJ\pQ´DNLUHXWDO.U|VL&VRPD6iQGRUMDQXiU L MHOHQWpVpEHQ QHP OHKHWHWW PiV PLQW $EGXO /DWLI pV HQQHN D PRVWDQiLJ IHOHGpVEH PHUOW ODGDNL~UQDNN|V]|QKHWKRJ\PLUHDV]pNHO\XWD]y=DQV]NiUEDNHUOWPiUDN|]EHV]pGHOHPHL QHNELUWRNiEDQYROW

%(51$5'/(&$//2&+

7 È 5 6 $ 6 È * , h * < ( .

7HPHVL0LKiO\HPOpNOpVpVN|Q\YEHPXWDWyD]2UPiQViJEDQ

V]HSWHPEHUiQD%DUDQ\D0HJ\HLgQNRUPiQ\]DWN|]J\&OpVH6HOO\HYiURV|QNRU PiQ\]DWDD3pFVL7XGRPiQ\HJ\HWHPD7,73pFV²EDUDQ\DLV]HUYH]HWHpVD0DJ\DU1\HOYWXGR PiQ\L7iUVDViJN|]|VUHQGH]pVpEHQ6HOO\pQWDUWRWWiN7HPHVL0LKiO\²Ä$]2UPiQViJ Q\HOYMiUiVDpVN|]|WW´FtP&SRV]WXPXV]P&YpQHNN|Q\YEHPXWDWyMiW$N|Q\YEHPXWD WyKR]WXGRPiQ\RVOpVLVFVDWODNR]RWWDPHO\7HPHVL0LKiO\FtP]HWHVHJ\HWHPLWDQiUQDND3pFVL 7DQiUNpS])LVNRODNpVEEHJ\HWHPHJ\NRULWDQV]pNYH]HWMpQHNWXGRPiQ\RVpOHWP&YpWPpOWDW WD .LVV -HQ DNDGpPLNXV D 0DJ\DU 1\HOYWXGRPiQ\L 7iUVDViJ IWLWNiUD 7HPHVL GLDOHNWROyJLDL

Hivatkozások

KAPCSOLÓDÓ DOKUMENTUMOK

[r]

Németh Andor s Földnélküly János„ /Karinthy Frigyes és Lengyel Menyhért vígjátéka a Belvárosi

This is true whether one is thinking of Susan Broomhall (on whom Gabriella Erdélyi and Emese Gyimesi draw), who analyzes approaches in the study of the history of

In the case of Anna Kornis’s diary, I focus on the narrative passages concerning her relationship with her sister, Klára Kornis, as the relationship between the two girls is one of

in Seventeenth-Century Hungary Male Family Roles in Early Modern Transylvania Sisterhood in Nineteenth-Century Hungarian Novels and Diaries Widows, Widowers, and

jószágokat, hivatalokat eleve senkinek sem igér. A választott fejedelem a kormányt húsz éves korában veszi át.. A választandó kormányzóra nézve elrendelék, liogy ez is

Dominique Reill, professor at the University of Miami, has done something that Hungarian, Croatian, and Italian historians have failed to do so far: in a coherent monograph, she

With the help of scarce sources scattered in the Kornis family’s preserved fond in Kolozsvár (today Cluj- Napoca, Romania) and other family archives, I seek not only the answer to