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DYNAMICS O F IMPURITY SPIN ABOVE THE KONDO TEMPERATURE

A. Zawadowski *

Institut Max von Lau« — Paul Langevfn, (8046) Garching, Germany

and

P. Fazekas

Lecture presented at 11th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics

St.Andrews, Scotland, 21-28 August 1968.

HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES CENTRAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FO R PHYSICS

BUDAPEST

Щ

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P r i n t e d i n t h e C e n t r a l R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e f o r P h y s i c s , B u d a p e s t K i a d j a а К Ж 1 K ö n y v tá .r~ é s K ia d ó i O s z t á l y . O . v . : d r . F a r k a s I s t v á n n á S zak m ai l e k t o r : M enyhárd N óra N y e lv i l e k t o r : H a r g i t a i C sab a P é ld á n y s z á m : 220 Munkaszám:4-167 B u d a p e s t, 1 9 6 8 . d ecem b er 2 8 . K é s z ü l t a KFKI h á z i s o k s z o r o s í t ó j á b a n . F . v . : G yenes Im re

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DYNAMICS OF IMPUNITY SPIN ABOVE THE KONDO TEMPERATURE A. Zaw adow ski*

I n s t i t u t Max v on L au e - P a u l L a n g e v in , / 8 0 4 6 / G a r c h i n g , Germany P . F a z e k a s

C e n t r a l R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e f o r P h y s i c s , B u d a p e s t, H ungary

R e c e n t l y t h e d y n a m ic s o f i m p u r i t y s p i n c o n t a i n e d b y n o n m a g n e tic h o s t m e ta l h a s a t t r a c t e d g r e a t i n t e r e s t . D o n ia c h a n d S p e n c e r 1 c a l l ­ e d t h e a t t e n t i o n t o t h e f a c t t h a t a Kondo a n o m a ly m ig h t b e o b s e r v e d i n t h e g - s h i f t o f i m p u r ity s p i n , S = 1 / 2 . They c a l c u l a t e d t h e g - s h i f t u p t o t h e se c o n d o r d e r o f t h e e x c h a n g e c o u p l i n g i n t h e l i m i t o f s m a ll e x t e r n a l m a g n e tic f i e l d . Wang an d S c a la p i.n o ^ o b t a i n e d l o g a r i t h m i c te rm s i n t h e l i n e - w i d t h c a r r y i n g o u t t h e c a l c u l a t i o n up t o t h e t h i r d o r d e r i n t h e h i g h f i e l d l i m i t .

A s t u d y o f d y n a m ic s o f t h e l o c a l i z e d momentum i s r e p o r t e d h e r e m a k in g u s e o f t h e A b r ik o s o v ’ s d ia g r a m t e c h n i c s t o c a l c u l a t e th e h i g h e s t p o w e r o f l o g a r i t h m i c te r m s i n an y o r d e r o f t h e p e r t u r b a t i o n t h e o r y . T h e s e c a l c u l a t i o n s a r e c o r r e c t o n ly w e ll ab o v e t h e K ondo t e m p e r a t u r e .

1 / . The t r a n s v e r s e dynam ic r e t a r d e d s u s c e p t i b i l i t y c a n b e w r i t t e n as

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< S > = lim A-*-®

<a+ S z ft a„>

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M P e rm a n e n t a d r e s s :

C e n t r a l R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e f o r P h y s i c s , B u d a p e s t, H u n g a ry .

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2 / The r e a l an d im a g in a r y p a r t o f t h e p s e u d o f e r m io n G reen f u n c ­ t i o n i s d e te r m in e d c a l c u l a t i n g t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n o f t h e f o l l o w i n g d ia g ra m

I

w h e re t h e s o l i d an d d o t t e d l i n e s r e p r e s e n t t h e e l e c t r o n a n d p s e u d o f e r m io n p r o p a g a t o r s , t h e s q u a r e s t h e r e n o r m l a i z e d v e r t e x e s ^ , a n d - t h e c u t r e f e r s t o t h e s m a l l e s t v a l u e s o f t h e e n e r g y v a r i a b l e s / f o r Re ЕСш} / a n d t o t h e im a g in a r y p a r t o f t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n s o f t h e c u t l i n e s / f o r im Е(ш) / , r e s p e c t i v e l y . I n t h e l o g a r i t h m i c a p p o x im a tio n th e f o l l o w i n g r e s u l t s a r e o b ta in e d »

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The s p e c t r a l f u n c t i o n o f p s e u d o f e r m io n p r o p a g a t o r c o n s i s t s o f two p a r t s , a L o r e n t z i a n o ne p_ f o r w < kT a n d a l o n g t a i l p a r t

/ L o r ^ r Kt a l l

f o r (ш > k T ) w hose i n t e g r a l s a r e

pL o r dt0 “ z and j P t a i i i “ ) dw = - do) = l - z

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t h e sum r u l e Jpfmjdoo - 1 i s s a t i s f i e d . The m a g n e t i z a t i o n c a n he c a l c u l a t e d o n t h e h a s i s o f I?.I a n d t h e c l a s s i c a l e x p r e s s i o n i s o b t a i n e d , h u t w i t h a r e n o r m a l i z e d g f a c t o r ^ e f f = ( l - y) w h e re у i s g iv e n

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b y / 4 / . T h i s r e s u l t i s in a g r e e m e n t w ith t h e p r e v i o u s c a l c u l a t i o n s w h ic h g av e t h e f i r s t few te r m s o f t h e pow er s e r i e s fi . The im a g in a r y p a r t o f t h e p s e u d o f e r m io n / 5 / a n d e l e c t r o n ^ s e l f - e n e r g y h a s a r a t i o w h ich c a n b e d e r i v e d b y th e c l a s s i c a l a rg u m e n t o f c o u n t i n g t h e num ber o f c o l l i s i o n .

3 / T h ere a r e two d ia g r a m s w hich c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e dynam ic s u s ­ c e p t i b i l i t y w i t h i n l o g a r i t h m i c a c c u r a c y ,

w here t h e d o u b le d o t t e d l i n e s r e p r e s e n t t h e r e n o r m a l i z e d p s e u d o f e r m io n p r o p a g a t o r . The s t a t i c s u s c e p t i b i l i t y c a n b e c a l c u l a t e d fro m t h e dynam ic o n e . The f i r s t d ia g ra m c o r r e s p o n d s t o th e r e s u l t o b t a i n e d i n S e c . 2 , w h i le th e c o n t r i b u t i o n o f t h e se c o n d one v a n i s h e s e x a c t l y .

Im

The s y m m e tr ic a l p a r t o f th e f i n a l r e s u l t i s t h e f o l l o w i n g -+ R

X (ш) = -2 <SZ>

[s (s+i) - l ] % £

_________________ 2 [(w-wR) 2 + (Aw)2] 2

w < kT

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w here wR = ,Аш = 2Im E (o) and = Дш ( s ( s + l ) ) “ 1

g o

th e t r a n s v e r s a l r e l a x a t i o n tim e o f K o r r i n g a . I t i s - w o r t h m e n tio n in g t h a t i n / 6 / a t ш = о t h e t o t a l l i n e - w i d t h o c c u r s i n t h e d e n o m in a to r .

4 / I n a t h e o r y i n w h ic h th e s p i n d y n a m ic s i s c o n s i d e r e d a l s o , t h e e x ch a n g e c o u p lin g c o n s t a n t w o u ld h a v e to b e r e p l a c e d b y a r e n o r m a l i z e d one J e f f = J z w hich c a n b e w r i t t e n a s

1 + S ( S + l) go g e f f go

- 1

I f su ch a n e x p r e s s i o n h e l d b elo w t h e Kondo t e m p e r a t u r e a l s o , we w ould g e t a n e s s e n t i a l r e n o r m a l i z a t i o n ; e . g . a t T=o f o r S = 4 q __ = о

J e f f 4 2 e f f

h e n ce ■—— ъ j w h ic h w o u ld l e a d to a n i m p o r t a n t a d d i t i o n a l te m p e ra ­ t u r e d e p e n d e n c e o f t h e o b s e r v a b l e q u a n t i t i e s .

More d e t a i l s w i l l b e p u b l i s h e d i n P h y s ic s L e t t e r s .

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£ 4 ,& < * Л - 4 -

R e f e r e n c e s

1 H . J . S p e n c e r and S . D o n ia c h , P h y s .R e v . L e t t e r s 1 8 , 9 9 4 / 1 9 6 7 / . 2 B . G i o v a n i n i , M. P e t e r a n d S . K ő id é , P h y s .R é v . 1 4 9 . 251 / 1 9 6 6 / . 3 D .C . L a n g r e th , D .L . Cowan an d J.W . W i l k i n s , S o l i d S t a t e Communica­

t i o n s 6 , 131 / 1 9 6 8 / .

4 Y .L . Wang and D .J . S c a l a p i n o , t o b e p u b l i s h e d . 5 A.A. A b rik o s o v , P h y s ic s 2 , 61 / 1 9 6 5 / .

6 e . g . B .G l o v a n l n i , R. P a u l s o n an d J .R . S c h r i e f f e r , P h y s .L e t t e r s 2 3 . 517 / 1 9 6 6 / . К . Y o sid a an d A. O k i j i , P r o g r . T h e o r . P h y s . j54, 505 / 1 9 6 5 / . /T h e d e t a i l s w i l l b e p u b l i s h e d i n Z e i t . f ü r P h y s i k / .

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