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ТЫ SS . JbÉ.

T i Ä ö

KFKI-71-49

G . Grüner В. Е. Porton

LSF EFFECTS IN AI-3d-TRANSITION METAL ALLOYS:

LOW TEMPERATURE dHvA EXPERIMENTS AND THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE O F

THE CHARGE PERTURBATION AROUND THE IMPURITIES

CENTRAL RESEARCH

INSTITUTE FOR PHYSICS

BUDAPEST

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kfki

-71-49

LSF EFFECTS IN AL - 3D-TRANSITI0N METAL ALLOYS* LOW TEMPE­

RATURE dHvA EXPERIMENTS AND THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE CHARGE PERTURBATION AROUND THE IMPURITIES

G. GRÜNER

S o l i d S t a t e P h y s ic s D e p a rtm e n t,

C e n t r a l R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e f o r P h y s i c s , B u d a p e s t, H ungary

B .E . PATON

R o y a l S o c i e t y Mond L a b o r a to r y

F r e e S c h o o l L a n e , C am bridge U n i v e r s i t y , C am b rid g e , E n g la n d

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3 d - t r a n s i t i o n m e ta l i m p u r i t i e s - o r i g i n a l l y b e l i e v e d t o b e non­

m a g n e tic i n alu m in iu m — a r e good e x am p les o f l o c a l i z e d e p i n f l u c t u a t i o n s /L S F /. Our aim i n t h i s p a p e r i s t o show t h a t *

1 , / th e lo w - te m p e r a tu r e m a c r o s c o p ic p r o p e r t i e s / r e s i s t i v i t y , s u s c e p ­ t i b i l i t y , s p e c i f i c h e a t , dHvA e f f e c t / can b e d e s c r i b e d q u a n t i t a t i v e l y b y t h e r e n o r m a liz e d ran d o m -p h ase a p p r o x im a tio n o f t h e L S F , and t h a t

2 . / a t h i g h e r te m p e r a t u r e s t h e s i t u a t i o n o c c u r r i n g i n A1 - 3 d - t r a n s i t i o n m e ta l a l l o y s b e a r s a c l o s e s i m i l a r i t y t o t h e s i t u a t i o n o c c u r r i n g i n n o b le m e ta l h o s t s w h ere t h e i m p u r i t i e s a r e m a g n e tic » T h is s u g g e s t s t h a t Mn i n alu m in iu m a p p e a r s t o becom e m a g n e tic a t h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e s .

To b e g i n w ith we s h a l l sum m arize t h e d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f e x p e r i ­ m en ts / b o t h m a c r o s c o p ic a n d m ic r o s c o p i c / t h a t have b e e n p e r f o r m e d on A1 - 3 d - t r a n s i t i o n m e ta l a l l o y s . A f t e r t h i s s h o r t r e v ie w , t h e lo w - te m p e r a tu r e de H aas v a n A lp h e n /dH vA / e x p e r im e n ts a n d t h e NMR m easu re m e n ts o f t h e c h a rg e p e r t u r b a t i o n a ro u n d t h e i m p u r i t i e s a r e d i s c u s s e d .

R e s i d u a l r e s i s t a n c e m easu rem en ts a t lo w t e m p e r a t u r e s /ВОАТО 1 9 6 6 , AOKI 1 9 6 7 / d i s p l a y a o n e -p e a k e d ” d i s t r i b u t i o n o f AR/c a s one g o e s th r o u g h t h e 3 d - s e r i e e t w i t h th e p e a k b e tw e e n Mn and C r. I n te rm s o f t h e F r ie d e l- A n d e r s o n m odel t h i s i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e i m p u r i t i e s a r e non­

m a g n e tic i n a lu m in iu m , i . e . t h e v i r t u a l b o u n d s t a t e i s s p i n - d e g e n e r a t e . I n t h e F r ie d e l- A n d e r s o n p a r t i a l wave a n a l y s i s n e g l e c t i n g n o n r e s o n a n t p h a se s h i f t e , t h e r e s i d u a l r e s i s t i v i t y c a n b e w r i t t e n a s

AR/p 'v s i n2n2 n2 - J q~ Д /

w here N, i s t h e num ber o f d - e l e c t r o n s i n t h e u n f i l l e d d - l e v e l o f t h e i m p u r i t y . G oing th r o u g h t h e J d - s e r i e s s i n n 2 r i s e s an d t h e n f a l l s , a c c o r d in g t o t h e f i l l i n g o f t h e d - l e v e l ^ / T h i s b e h a v io u r s h o u ld b e con­

t r a s t e d t o t h e s i t u a t i o n o c c u r r i n g i n n o b le m e ta l h o s t s , w here a " d o u b l e - p e a k e d ” c u rv e i n AR/C i n d i c a t e s a s p i n s p l i t t i n g o f t h e u b s . /

*

The lo w - te m p e r a tu r e s u s c e p t i b i l i t y /А 0К 1 1 9 6 8 / show s a l a r g e enh an cem en t i n th e c a s e o f Mn and a somewhat s m a l l e r e n h an c e m en t i n t h e c a s e o f C r , i n d i c a t i n g t h a t a t l e a s t t h e s e i m p u r i t i e s a r e n e a r t o t h e

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m a g n e tic - n o n m a g n e tic l i m i t . T h ere i s a l a r g e enh an cem en t

o f th e e l e c t r o n i c s p e c i f i c h e a t i n t h e c a s e o f Mn and C r /А0К1 1 9 6 9 / a n d an a n o m aly i n t h e s u p e r c o n d u c tin g t r a n s i t i o n t e m p e r a t u r e /ВОАТО 1 9 6 3 , AOKI 1 9 6 8 / .

A t e m p e r a t u r e - d e p e n d e n t i m p u r i t y r e s i s t i v i t y b e tw e e n 1 an d 4-°K o f t h e fo rm

AR ( T ) = A R ( 0 ) | l - ( T / 0 ) 2 J , / 2 /

w i t h 0 a 530°K f o r Mn a n d 1200°K f o r Cr i m p u r i t i e s h a s b e e n ob­

s e r v e d b y CAPLIN an d RIZUTTO / 1 9 6 8 / . T h is b e h a v i o u r , t o g e t h e r w ith t h e s u s c e p t i b i l i t y e n h a n c e m e n t, h a s l e d t o t h e LSF c o n c e p t , w orked

o u t t h e o r e t i c a l l y by RIVIER, ZUCKERMAKN a n d SUNJUC / 1 9 6 9 / ‘i n a n a lo g y t o th e s p i n f l u c t u a t i o n s o c c u r in g i n t h e n e a r l y m a g n e tic m e ta ls Pd a n d P t /LEDERER, MILLS 1 9 6 7 / . I t h a s s i n c e b e e n shown t h a t b o th t h e s p e c i f i c h e a t en h an cem en t /HARGITAI, CORRADI 1 9 6 9 , CAROLI e t a l . 1 9 6 9 / a s w e l l a s t h e s u p e r c o n d u c tin g t r a n s i t i o n te m p e r a t u r e /ZUCKERMANN 1 9 7 0 / a n d t h e te m p e r a t u r e d e p en d e n c e o f t h e i m p u r i t y s u s c e p t i b i l i t y /HEDGCOCK, LE 1 9 7 0 / can be a n a l y s e d w i t h i n t h e LSF p i c t u r e .

Among t h e " m ic r o s c o p ic " m eth o d s o n ly n u c l e a r m a g n e tic r e ­ so n an ce /NMR/ h a s b e e n u s e d t o i n v e s t i g a t e t h e Al - 3 < i - t r a n s i t i o n m e ta l a l l o y s . By t h i s m eans th e K n ig h t s h i f t , a p a r a m e te r r e l a t e d t o

t h e s u s c e p t i b i l i t y , h a s b e e n m e a s u re d .T h e a d v a n ta g e o f t h e NMR m ethod l i e s i n t h e f a c t t h a t one can m easu re t h e l o c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e e l e c t r o n i c p o l a r i z a t i o n . I n p r i n c i p l e , one c a n p e rfo rm t h r e e t y p e s o f m e a s u re m e n ts:

1 . by m e a s u r in g th e i m p u r i t y K n ig h t s h i f t t h e s u s c e p t i b i l i t y l o c a l ­ i z e d on t h e im p u r i t y s i t e can be o b t a i n e d

2 . by m e a s u r in g d i s t i n c t s a t e l l i t e s n e a r t o t h e c e n t r a l re s o n a n c e o f th e m a t r i x n u c l e i t h e p e r t u r b a t i o n a t a c e r t a i n d i s t a n c e fro m . t h e i m p u r i t i e s can b e i n v e s t i g a t e d

*

3 . by a n a l y z i n g th e c e n t r a l r e s o n a n c e o f t h e m a t r i x n u c l e i one can o b t a i n th e a v e r a g e p o l a r i z a t i o n o u t s i d e t h e im p u r ity c e l l .

The f i r s t ty p e o f m easu rem en t h a s b e e n p e rfo rm e d by NARATH a n d WEAVER / 1 9 6 9 / on AIMn, A lCr a n d A1V a l l o y s , and b y LAUNOIS a n d ALLOUL / 1 9 6 9 / on AIMn« T hese m e asu re m e n ts show t h a t t h e s u s c e p t i b i l ­

i t y i s l o c a l i z e d on t h e im p u r ity s i t e a n d i s e n h an c e d i n a s i m i l a r

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35

way a s th e t o t a l s u s c e p t i b i l i t y . ÁLLÓUL e t a l . /1 9 7 1 / have m easured th e tem p eratu re dependence o f t h e Knight s h i f t a t th e f i r s t n e ig h ­ bours o f th e Mn im p u r i t i e s , and t h e y have o b serv ed a tem p era tu re dependence o f th e form ДК^ ( т ) = ДК^ (0 ) t l — co n st . Т ] , which i s c l e a r l y i n d isa g reem en t w ith th e tem p eratu re dependence o f the m a cro sco p ic s u s c e p t i b i l i t y m easured by HEDGCOCK and L I /1 9 7 0 х/ . The c e n tr a l 2 ?A1 reso n a n ce has been i n v e s t i g a t e d by LAUNOIS /1 9 6 9 / and GRÜNER e t a l , / 1 9 7 1 / . The m a g n etic f i e l d dependence c o u ld be w e ll d e s c r ib e d by assum ing th e e x is t e n c e o f exch an ge enhancem ent on t h e im p u rity s i t e . M oreover, the n e g a t iv e d e f i n i t e sp in p o l a r i z a t i o n around th e Mn im p u r ity / a s im p lie d by th e Kondo s c a t t e r i n g / was n o t o b se r v e d . The v a r io u s e x p e r im e n ta l f a c t s a r e summarized i n Table 1 .

I n summary, t h e e x p e r im e n ta l r e s u l t s o f b o th m a c r o s c o p ic an d m ic r o s c o p ic e x p e r im e n ts h av e l e d t o t h e q u a l i t a t i v e p i c t u r e t h a t t h e i m p u r i t i e s a r e " n o n m a g n e tic " a t lo w t e m p e r a t u r e i n a l u ­ m inium , a n d t h e r e i s a l a r g e e x ch a n g e en h an cem en t i n t h e c a s e o f Mn and a somewhat l e s s e r en hancem ent i n t h e c a s e o f C r i m p u r i t i e s . I n o r d e r t o i n v e s t i g a t e t h e m a g n e tic b e h a v io u r o f manga­

n e s e i n alu m in iu m /w h ic h shows t h e m ost p ro n o u n c e d a n o m a l i e s / i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o e s t i m a t e th e p a r a m e te r s w h ic h d e s c r ib e t h e m a g n e tic s t a t e . T h ese p a r a m e te r s a r e a s f o l l o w s :

* o.

A - h a l f w id th o f th e v b s

U — e f f e c t i v e Coulomb e x ch a n g e b e tw e e n p a i r s o f e l e c t r o n s w ith o p p o s i t e s p in s on t h e i m p u r i t y s i t e

u/nA - d e f i n e s t h e m a g n e tic s t a t e w i t h i n t h e HP l i m i t , w ith

< 1 n o n m a g n etic l i m i t

u ^irA ' -ъ 1 l o c a l s p in f l u c t u a t i o n s .> 1 m a g n e tic l i m i t

ed — p o s i t i o n o f t h e d - s t a t e m e asu re d r e l a t i v e t o t h e Ferm i e n e rg y

Nd <o) — d e n s i t y o f s t a t e s / s p i n a t th e F e rm i l e v e l , w here

“< ( e ) "

x /

I t s h o u ld b e m e n tio n e d t h a t t h e r e i s a l a r g e d i a ­

m a g n e tic c o n t r i b u t i o n due to th e i m p u r i t i e s i n A l- b a s e d a l l o y s , w h ic h h a s t o be t a k e n i n t o a c c o u n t, a n d on th e o t h e r hand t h e E , value" ДК.

s h o u ld n o t b e d i r e c t l y p r o p o r t i o n a l t o th e s u s c e p t i b i l i t y , 1

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4 -

т„ = -я— — t h e l i f e t i m e o f th e LSF w h ich can b e e x p r e s s e d i n te rm s o f U

^ s a n d A w i t h i n th e r e n o r m a liz e d ra n d o m -p h a se a p p ro x im a­

t i o n /PATON, ZUCKERMAN 1 9 7 1 / a s

z 1 - m ass r e n o r m a l i z a t i o n o f t h e LSF , w h ic h h a s a v a lu e o f 1 when th e i m p u r i t y i s n o n m a g n e tic a n d i n c r e a s e s a s u/irA

i n c r e a s e s ( s e e F i g . 1 ) . T h is p a r a m e t e r can b e g iv e n w i t h i n t h e fram ew ork o f th e REPA th e o r y /HARGITAI, CORRALI 1 9 6 9 /.

The dHvA e f f e c t h a s b e e n u s e d t o e s t i m a t e t h e s e p a r a m e te r s i n d i l u t e s i n g l e c r y s t a l a l l o y s o f AIMn, /PATON 1971/* The a d v a n ta g e o f t h i s t y p e o f e x p e r im e n t i s t h a t i n one e x p e r im e n t one c a n d e t e r ­ m ine f o u r v a r i a b l e s w h ic h a r e s e n s i t i v e to t h e im p u r ity s c a t t e r i n g . T hese a x e :

1 . / cJHvA f r e q u e n c y / s a m p l e s th e n o rm a l Coulomb s c a t t e r i n g /

2 . / s c a t t e r i n g te rm / s a m p l e s th e n o rm a l and r e s o n a n c e s c a t t e r i n g / 3 . / e f f e c t i v e mass / s a m p l e s th e m any-body e f f e c t s ; e le c tr o n - p h o n o n

i n t e r a c t i o n and L S F /

4 . / c o n d u c ti o n e l e c t r o n g - f a c t o r /s a m p le s t h e m any-body e f f e c t s / The v a lu e s f o r t h e p a r a m e te r s d e s c r i b e d a b o v e, a s o b ta in e d fro m t h e dHvA e x p e r i m e n t s , a r e shown i n T a b le 2 t o g e t h e r w i t h th e v a l u e s d e te r m in e d fro m o t h e r ty p e s o f e x p e r i m e n t s . The i n t e r n a l c o n s i s t e n c y o f th e s e p a r a m e t e r s s u g g e s t s t h a t t h e lo w - te m p e r a tu r e p r o p e r t i e s o f AIMn a l l o y s can be d e s c r i b e d q u a l i t a t i v e l y b y a r e n o r m a l i z e d RPA, e v en th o u g h t h i s a l l o y s y s te m i s r a t h e r c lo s e t o t h e m a g n e tic - n o n m a g n e tic l i m i t / l . e . U /тгА v 0 * 9 /

The m easu rem en t o f th e m a c ro s c o p ic p a r a m e te r s i s r e s t r i c t e d t o t h e lo w - te m p e r a tu r e r e g im e , b e c a u s e a t h i g h e r te m p e r a t u r e s th e change o f t h e m a tr ix p a r a m e t e r s a n d t h e phonon te rm h am p er t h e de­

t e r m i n a t i o n o f th e t e m p e r a t u r e d e p en d e n c e i n a b ro a d r a n g e * I n o r d e r * t o g e t some i n s i g h t i n t o th e h ig h —te m p e r a t u r e b e h a v i o u r , we have m e a su re d t h e te m p e r a t u r e d ep en d en ce o f th e c h a r g e p e r t u r b a t i o n a - ro u n d th e i m p u r i t i e s i n a lu m in iu m . F a r from t h e i m p u r ity t h i s p e r ­ t u r b a t i o n h a s t h e fo rm /FRIEDEL 1 9 5 8 /

Apt o t ( r ) =

c o s (2 k _ rX? + f )

2tr“ /5 /

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w here th e o s c i l l a t i o n a m p litu d e a and p h a s e f a c t o r ^ a r e d e t e r ­ m ined by t h e p h a se s h i f t s o f t h e s c a t t e r e d e l e c t r o n s . I f th e r e s o ­ n a n t p h a se s h i f t n2 d o m in a te s* we g e t

a = 5 s i n n 2 f = n 2 / 6 /

I t s h o u ld be e m p h asiz ed t h a t <* sam p les t h e same m a t r i x e le m e n t a s th e i m p u r i t y r e s i s t i v i t y . By m e a s u rin g t h e o s c i l l a t i o n a m p litu d e one g e t s e s s e n t i a l l y t h e same i n f o r m a t i o n a s fro m t h e i m p u r ity m e asu re m e n ts / i . e . one e x p e c ts t h e same d i s t r i b u t i o n g o i n g t h r o u g h th e J d - s e r i e s a s i n t h e c a s e o f r e s i d u a l r e s i s t i v i t y / .

The c h arg e p e r t u r b a t i o n a ro u n d th e i m p u r i t i e s y i e l d s a f i e l d g r a d i e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n /КОШГ, VOSKO I 9 6 0 / o f th e fo r m

A q (r) = p <5P t o t ^ / ? /

w here th e a n t i s h i e l d i n g f a c t o r p r e s e m b le s t h e m a t r i x p r o p e r t i e s an d f o r A1 u * 22 /FUKAI 1 9 7 0 /.

I f q = Q, t h e n u c l e a r Zeeman l e v e l s a r e d i s p l a c e d by a n e q u a l am ount ffom e a c h o t h e r a n d one r e s o n a n c e b ro a d e n e d by th e i n t e r a c t i o n b etw een t h e n u c l e i i s o b t a i n e d . I n th e c a s e o f a f i e l d g r a d i e n t q Q, th e i n t e r a c t i o n b e tw e e n t h i s f i e l d g r a d i e n t and t h e n u c l e a r q u a d ru p o le moment y i e l d s a p e r t u r b a t i o n w hich i n f i r s t o r d e r s h i f t s t h e s a t e l l i t e t r a n s i t i o n s b y Vq . The l a t t e r i s p r o ­ p o r t i o n a l t o qQ a n d d ep en d s on t h e o r i e n t a t i o n b e tw e e n th e m a in com ponent o f t h e f i e l d g r a d i e n t t e n s o r an d t h e e x t e r n a l m a g n e tic f i e l d , w h ile th e c e n t r a l / 1 / 2 —1 / 2 / t r a n s i t i o n re m a in s u n c h a n g e d . Hence we g e t th e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c p a t t e r n o f F i g , 2 b . I n p o l y c r y s ­ t a l l i n e sa m p le s th e a v e r a g e o v e r в h a s t o b e ta k e n a n d we g e t t h e \ p a t t e r n o f F i g . 2 c . T h e re a r e two o b s e r v a b le e f f e c t s f o r one f i x e d q Q v a lu e s t h e r e d u c t i o n on th e m a in l i n e i n t e n s i t y , a n d s a t e l l i t e s b e s id e th e c e n t r a l r e s o n a n c e d i s p l a c e d by = c o n s t. q 0 and 2v^

/DRAIN 1968} JÁN0SSY a n d GRÜNER 1 9 7 1 /. W ith a d i s t r i b u t i o n o f q v a l u e s a c c o r d in g t o e q . 7 th e p a t t e r n s o f F i g . 2c m ust b e summed up f o r t h e d i f f e r e n t q v a l u e s i n o r d e r t o o b t a i n th e w h o le s p e c ­ tru m . We ge’t s

1 . / I n t e n s i t y r e d u c t i o n o f t h e m a in l i n e , w h ic h on s t a t i s t i c a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n s c a n be g iv e n a s

D = D0 ( 1 - c ) n /8/

/ROWLAND 1 9 6 5 /, w here D a n d D0 a r e th e s i g n a l i n t e n s i t i e s o f t h e a l l o y a n d p u r e m e t a l , hnd c i s t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n . The f i r s t - o r d e r w ip e - o u t n u m b e r, n , i s p r o p o r t i o n a l t o a , a n d does n o t depend

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- 6 -

on f /TOMPA e t a l * 1 9 6 9 /. By m e a s u rin g t h e w ip e - o u t num ber we can m e asu re th e o s c i l l a t i o n a m p litu d e *

2 . / U nder o p tim a l c ir c u m s t a n c e s we can o b s e r v e weak s a t e l l i t e s c o r r e s p o n d i n g to c e r t a i n n e ig h b o u r s h e l l s a ro u n d t h e i m p u r i t i e s where th e f i e l d g r a d i e n t dep en d s on a a n d . From t h e i n t e n s i t y

o f th e s e s a t e l l i t e s we can d e te r m in e th e n e ig h b o u r c o n f i g u r a t i o n . As t h e r e i s no p e r t u r b a t i o n i n p u r e m e t a l s , no c o r r e c t i o n i s n e c e s s a r y , and we c a n p e rfo rm t h e m easu rem en ts i n a b ro a d

te m p e r a t u r e ra n g e . A f u r t h e r a d v a n ta g e o f t h e l a t t e r t y p e o f m eas­

u rem en ts i s t h a t t h e y a r e f r e e fr o m i m p u r i t y - i m p u r i t y i n t e r a c t i o n s . The ro o m -te m p e ra tu re s i g n a l i n t e n s i t y m easu re m e n ts an d w ip e -o u t n u m b ers a r e shown i n F i g . 3 f o r n o rm a l m e ta l / S i , Zn, С и/

a n d t r a n s i t i o n m e ta l i m p u r i t i e s / Y e, Mn, C r / . The i n s e t shows t h e w ip e -o u t n u m b ers o b t a i n e d by m easu rem en t a n d by a c a l c u l a t i o n t h a t assum es t h a t n 2 d o m in a te s . As c a n be s e e n fro m F i g . 3» t h e r e i s a d i s c r e p a n c y b etw een t h e m e a su re d and c a l c u l a t e d n v a l u e s i n t h e c a se o f Mn a n d Cr i m p u r i t i e s . The te m p e r a t u r e d ep en d en ce h a s b e e n d e te r m in e d b y m e a s u rin g th e s i g n a l i n t e n s i t i e s a t d i f f e r e n t te m p e ra ­ t u r e s . No te m p e r a t u r e d ep en d en ce was fo u n d i n th e c a s e o f S i a n d Cr i m p u r i t i e s , a n d f o r Mn a n d Cr i m p u r i t i e s we g e t a T 2 la w up t o r a t h e r h i g h te m p e r a t u r e s / s e e F i g . A/* The c h a r a c t e r i s t i c © v a l u e s a r e som ewhat l a r g e r t h a n th o s e o b t a i n e d fro m th e r e s i s t i v i t y m e a s u re ­ m e n ts. T h is d i f f e r e n c e w i l l be e x p l a i n e d l a t e r .

A s a t e l l i t e s t r u c t u r e / s e c o n d ty p e o f m e a s u re m e n ts / h a s b e e n o b se rv e d i n A lCr a l l o y s , as shown i n F ig . 3» w hich h a s a c h a r a c t e r i s ­ t i c f i r s t - o r d e r q u a d ru p o le p a t t e r n / F i g . 2 c / . The q v a l u e can be d e te rm in e d fro m th e s h i f t i n g o f t h e s a t e l l i t e s /JÁNOSSY, GRÜNER 1 9 7 1 / b u t what i s more i m p o r t a n t i n t h e p r e s e n t a n a l y s i s i s t h a t i t h a s a T -d ep e n d e n ce

q ( T ) = q(о)

Г

1 _ ( T / 0 ) 2 j , 0 = 86D + 3 0 ° K / 9 / a s can be s e e n from F i g . 6 . C o m p ariso n w i t h t h e v a lu e d e te r m in e d by t h e o s c i l l a t i o n a m p litu d e m e asu re m e n ts i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e p h ase o f t h e c h arg e o s c i l l a t i o n d o es n o t c h an g e v e r y much i n t h i s te m p e r a tu r e r a n g e .

I t c an be show n /GRÜNER, HARGITAI 1 9 7 1 / t h a t e f f e c t s l i k e t h e r e d u c t i o n o f th e m ean f r e e p a t h a re n o t im p o r ta n t h e r e , and t h a t th e te m p e r a t u r e d ep en d en ce o f n and q a r e c o n n e c te d w ith th e

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- 7 -

LSF e f f e c t s . We a r e now g o in g t o a n a l y s e t h e c o n n e c tio n b e tw e e n th e i m p u r i t y r e s i s t i v i t y a n d t h e c h a rg e p e r t u r b a t i o n . As r e g a r d s th e te m p e r a t u r e d e p e n d e n c e , t h e m ain d i f f e r e n c e b e tw e e n t h e tw o p a r a ­ m e te r s l i e s i n t h e f a c t t h a t th e r e s i s t i v i t y i s a r e a l " F e rm i s u r f a c e e f f e c t " . From t h e r e l a x a t i o n tim e

x ‘ 1 (e ) = |v k a | 2 nd (e ) /1 0 /

we g e t th e c o n d u c t i v i t y

0 'v

i T(£) Ü

de = т ( о ) + тт2к2Т2 Э2т ( е )

6 I s

e = o / 11/

T h e re a r e tw o c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h e te m p e r a t u r e d e p e n d e n c e , one com ing fro m t h e e n e r g y d ep en d en ce o f t h e d e n s i t y o f d - s t a t e s , w h ic h i s e n ­ h a n c e d by th e LSF e f f e c t s , and one com ing fro m t h e te m p e r a t u r e d e p en d ­ e n ce o f n ^ ( 0 ) . The te m p e r a t u r e d e p en d e n c e i n p r i n c i p l e c o u ld be e x p l a i n e d b y t h e se c o n d te r m i n e q . 12 o n ly , w ith o u t i n v o l v i n g a tem ­ p e r a t u r e d ep en d en ce i n t h e d e n s i t y o f s t a t e s /CAPLIN, RIZUTTO 1 9 6 8 /.

The o s c i l l a t i o n a m p l i t u d e , on th e o t h e r h a n d , c an be w r i t t e n i n t h e c a s e o f i m p u r i t i e s w ith u b s a t t h e F e rm i l e v e l a s

Äpt o t ( r >

kd 1

T" nd ( ° ) s in 2 k Fr /1 2/

»

w h ic h i s n o t a Ferm i s u r f a c e e f f e c t l i k e th e r e s i s t i v i t y /b e c a u s e we have t o sum up fro m t h e b o tto m o f t h e b an d t o g e t t h e t o t a l c h a rg e p e r t u r b a t i o n / a n d th e te m p e r a t u r e d e p en d e n c e o f t h e o s c i l l a ­ t i o n a m p litu d e means a te m p e r a t u r e - d e p e n d e n t d e n s i t y o f s t a t e s , t o o . I n th e fram ew o rk o f th e LSF th e o r y we g e t /GRÜNER, HARGITAI 1 9 7 1 /

а ( Т ) а ( о ) тг2к2Т2 /1 3 /

a n d o n ly t h e k e y p a r a m e te r o f t h e L S F, nam ely r s , comes i n t o t h e te m p e r a t u r e d e p e n d e n c e . W ith © = 750°K we o b t a i n r s = 0 .1 5 eV f o r AlMn. w h ic h a g r e e s r a t h e r w e ll w ith t h e v a l u e d e te r m in e d from t h e lo w -te m p e r a tu re m a c ro s c o p ic p a r a m e te r s / s e e T a b le 2 / . F i g . 7 shows th e o s c i l l a t i o n a m p litu d e s e x t r a p o l a t e d t o T = 0 a n d m eas-

(12)

u re d a t " h ig h " te m p e r a t u r e /Т = 4 5 0 ° K /. A t low te m p e r a t u r e s th e r e s i s t i v i t y cu rv e m e a s u re d 1л AI - 2 d - t r a n s i t i o n m e ta l a l l o y s i s a s i n g l e - p e a k e d d i s t r i b u t i o n , w h ile a t h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e s t h i s curve i s " d o u b le - p e a k e d " ,T h i s re s e m b le s t h e s i t u a t i o n o c c u r in g i n n o b le m e t a l h o s t s a n d i n d i c a t e s a m a g n e t i c - l i k e b e h a v i o u r i n t h e HF l i m i t , . T h is i n d i c h t e s t h a t b o t h A l- a n d n o b l e - m e t a l —

b a se d a l l o y sy ste m s b eh av e s i m i l a r l y , t h e d i f f e r e n c e show ing up on ly i n t h e te m p e r a t u r e s c a l e . On th e b a s i s o f th e dHvA and MIR o b s e r v a t i o n s i t a p p e a r s t h a t t h e s e a l l o y s y s te m s a r e n o n m a g n e tic a t T = 0 b u t a p p e a r t o become m a g n e tic a t h ig h t e m p e r a t u r e s .

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- 9 -

REFERENCES

G. B o a to , M. B u g o , C. R i z u t o : Nuoyo C im ento 4 5B . 22 6 /1 9 6 6 / R* A o k i, T. O h ts u k a : J . P h y s . Soo. J a p a n , 2j5, 955 /1 9 6 7 / R . A o k l, T . O h ts u k a : J .P h y s . S o c . J a p a n , 2 § , 651 / 1 9 6 9 /

G. B o a to , G. G a l l l n a r o , C. R i z u t t p : P h y s . L e t t . 20 /1 9 6 3 / A . D. C a p l in , C* R i z u t t o i P h y s .R e v .L e t t 2 1 , 746 / 1 9 6 8 /

B. C a r o l i , P . L e d e r e r , D. S a i n t Ja m e s : P h y s. R e v . L e t t . 2 J , 700 /1 9 6 9 / N. R i v i e r , M .J. Z uckerm ann: Ph;> s , R e v . L e t t . 2 1 , 90 4 /1 9 6 8 /

P . L e d e r e r , D .L . M i l l s : P h y s .R e v . 1 6 5 . 387 / 1 9 6 7 /

C. H a r g i t a i , G. C o r r a d i: S o l i d S t a t e Comm. 2 * 15 5 5 /1 9 6 9 / M .J . Zuckerm ann: J . P h y s . C . 2130 /1 9 7 0 /

F . f . Hedgcock a n d P .L . L i : P h y s .R e v . 2^, 1542 / 1 9 7 0 / A. N a r a t h , H.Y. W eaver: P h y s .R e v .L e t t . 2Ji, 233 / 1 9 6 9 / H. L a u n o is , H. A l l o u l : S o l . S t a t . Comm. 2 * 525 / 1 9 6 9 / R. A l l o u l : J . P h y s . S o c. J a p a n / t o b e p u b l i s h e d / A. L a u n o is : b T h é s e , O rsay 1969

G. G r ü n e r, E. C s e t é n y i , К . Tompa, C .R . V a ss e i P h y s . S t a t . S o l 4 £ , 663 / 1 9 7 1 / •

B. E . P a to n : C a n a d ia n J . P h y s . 4 9 , 1813 /1 9 7 1 / J . F r i d e l : Nuovo Cim ento S u p p l. 2 8 7 /1 9 5 8 / W. K ohn, S.H . V osko: P h y s . R ev. 1 1 ^ , 912 / I 9 6 0 / Y. F u k a i,K . W atanabe P h y s .R p v . B2, 2 3 5 5 /1 9 7 0 / I. .E . D ra in : P r o c , P h y s. S o c . 8 8 , 111 / 1 9 6 6 /

A. J é n o s s y , G. G rü n e r: S o l . S t a t e Comm, t o be p u b l i s h e d T . J . Rowland A c ta M et. 74 /1 9 5 5 /

K. Tompa, G. G r ü n e r , A. J á n o s s y , F . T ó th : S o l.S ta te .C o m m . Ъ 69 7 /1 9 6 9 /

G. G rü n e r , C. H a r g i t a i : I h y s . R e v . L e t t . 2 6 , 772 / 1 9 7 1 /

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- 1 0 -

FIGURE CAPTIONS

F i g . 1 . Mass r e n o r m a l i z a t i o n p a r a m e t e r z^ v s и/тгД F i g . 2 . E i r s t - o r d e r q u a d ru p o le p a t t e r n f o r 2 ^A1 n u c l e i . F i g . 3 . F i r s t - o r d e r w i p e - o u t num bers a t T = 3 0 0 °K F i g . 4 , T e m p e ra tu re d e p e n d e n c e o f n i n AIMn a n d AlCr F i g . 5 * F i r s t - o r d e r q u a d r u p o le s t r u c t u r e i n A lC r

F i g . 6 . T e m p e ra tu re d e p e n d e n c e o f q i n A lC r

F i g . 7- F i r s t - o r d e r w i p e - o u t num bers a t T -*■ 0 a n d T = 4 5 0 °K

TABLE CAPTIONS

T a b le 1 . E x p e rim e n ts on A l - 3 d - t r a n s i t i o n m e ta l a l l o y s

T a b le 2 . The e x p e r i m e n t a l l y d e te r m in e d p a r a m e te r s f o r t h e AIMn sy ste m

(15)

г)v

Table 1 .

M acroscopic M icro sco p ic

1 . Im pu rity r e s i s t i v i t y ДИ/с - / с

\ Д%^*о*П2

\ _ NT

\ V I

Г . V С г И п Р » С в « С и * «

l a . T-dependent r e s i s t i v i t y CAPLIN 1968 ÄR(T) - AR(o) U -

(T/©)2J

2. S u s c e p t i b i l i t y АОИ 1969 1 . Im pu rity K night s h i f t KARATH /1 9 6 9 / x enhancement in. th e ca se o f Mn, Cr

2 a . T -dependent s u s c e p t i b i l i t y » HEDGCOCZ 1970

l o c a l s u s c e p t i b i l i t y enhancement /Mn, Cr/

* (T )« x (o ) [ l - ( T /0 ) 2]

3 . S p e c i f i c h e a t AOKI 1969/ Y enhancement

2 . K night s h i f t a t f i r s t n eig h b o u rs ALLOCL e t a l / 1 9 7 1 / ^ ( T ) =

K,(0)x

[1 - c o n st .T]

i n th e ca se o f Mn, Cr

« 3 . Spin p e r tu r b a tio n in th e m a tr ix 4 . S u p ercond ucting t r a n s i t i o n tem perature LAOTTOIS /1 9 6 9 /

Tc anomaly i n th e ca se o f Mn, Cr GRÜNER /1 9 7 1 /

I нн-

1

(16)

- 1 2

T ab le 2 .

P a ra m e te r dHvA O th e r p r o p e r t i e s 2“

ed (eV) A(eV)

O' 0 ,2 4

°Tc

0 ,3 5 Y 0 , 1 3 ( 0 ) ° * 29x(t) 0 ,5 5 p(0)

U/тгД 0 ,9 0 0 , 9 6 Y o , 9 3 Tc

Z1 1 ,8 5 1 , 9 5 Y l , 9 0 Tc

r s (eV) 0 ,1 6 0 ,1 6 P(T)

Nd ( o ) (eV- 1 ) 6 ,1 4 ,8 Y 5 , 6 Tc

x f o r d e t a i l s se e B .E . PATON, M .J . ZUCKEHMANIT J . P h y s . F . 1 , 125 / 1 9 7 1 /

<

(17)
(18)

- 1 4 -

-5 /2

-3 /2

-

1/2

1/2

3/2

5/2

27Al J = 5/2

V

n rw m -

1 = Vo+(2m -1)(3cos^ 0

-

1

)

3 e2qQ

83(23-1)h

q=0 q = const. q = const.

single crystal powder

F i g . 2

(19)

г

á

/

(20)

1500

1000

500

к

F i g . 4

(21)

Al-0,2 at7.Cr

f = 8,6 Mc/s XO.1 HIGH FIELD

F i g . 5

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(23)
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)
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K ia d ja a K ö z p o n ti F i z i k a i K u ta tó I n t é z e t F e le lő s k ia d ó s Tompa K álm án, a KFKI S z i l á r d t e s t f i z i k a i Tudományos T anácsának e ln ö k e

Szakmai l e k t o r : H a r g i t a i C saba N y elv i l e k t o r : T . W ilk in s o n

P é ld á n y sz á m : 280 T ö rzsszá m : 71-5 9 2 6 K é s z ü lt a KFKI s o k s z o r o s í t ó ü zem ében, B udapest

1971« s z e p te m b e r hó

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