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Teljes szövegt

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KFKI

26/1968

O n the Azimuthai Effects of Two Prong

tt

N and Three Prong DD Events Produced by 17,2 G eV /сТГ"mesons

G. Bozóki, É. Gombosi and G. Surányl

HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

CENTRAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR PHYSICS

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DD E v e n ts P ro d u c e d h y 1 7 ,2 GeV/ с i r m esons G .B o z ó k i, É .G om bosi and G .S u r á n y i

C e n t r a l R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e o f P h y s i c s , B u d a p e s t

Summary

A d e v i a t i o n fro m i s o t r o p y i n th e a z i m u th a l a n g u l a r d i s t r i b u t i o n o f s e c o n d a r y p a r t i c l e s o f two and t h r e e p ro n g p i o n - n u c l e o n i n t e r a c t i o n s i s o b s e r v e d i n e m u ls io n a t 17>2 GeV/ с . A tte m p ts a r e made- u s i n g M onte C a r l o c a l c u l a t i o n s f o r th e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f t h e s e a z im u th a l e f f e c t s on th e b a s i s o f ( i ) t h e k i n e m a t i c s o f r e a c t i o n s тг“р-*-ртг'(ктг°)ап1 тгр-ппт* тг'Ск'тг0) an d

( i i ) th e d i f f r a c t i o n d i s s o c i a t i o n o f p io n s on n u c l e i . A new m ethod i s g iv e n f o r t h e s e l e c t i o n o f th e c o n t r i b u t i o n o f DD i n t e r a c t i o n s fro m th e t h r e e p r o n g e v e n t s . U s in g t h i s m e th o d ADD= ( l 0 6 5 - 288)m a n d Aqd = (1 1 3 - 13) a r e o b t a i n e d f o r t h e mean f r e e p a t h o f th e d i f f r a c t i o n d i s s o c i a t i o n i n e m u ls io n a t ~ 7 nnd 17*2 GeV/ с , r e s p e c t i v e l y . The p o s s i b l e I n f l u e n c e o f th e 1 D eck—e f f e c t i n c a s e o f th e t h r e e p ro n g e v e n t s i s a l s o i n v e s t i g a t e d .

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1 . I n t r o d u c t i o n

I n th e l a s t y e a r s s e v e r a l a t t e m p t s have b e e n made to d e t e c t a z i m u th a l e f f e c t s i n th e a n g u l a r d i s t r i b u t i o n o f s e c o n d a r y p a r t i c l e s g e n e r a t e d i n h i g h e n e rg y i n t e r a c t i o n s a t a c c e l e r a t o r e n e r g i e s / e . g . [ 1 ] / a s w e l l a s i n t h e cosm ic r a y en erg y r e g i o n / e . g . [ 2 ] / . The im p o r ta n c e o f t h e s e s t u d i e s - a s i t was p o in te d o u t i n r e f s , [ 5 - 7] - ' i s g iv e n b y th e f o llo w in g « I f i n th e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f - a z i m u t h a l a n g le s o f s e c o n d a r y p a r t i c l e s a d e v i a t i o n fro m i s o t r o p y w o u ld be f o u n d , th e n t h i s f a c t w o uld r e n d e r i m p o r ta n t in f o r m a t i o n a b o u t t h e p r o d u c t i o n m echanism - e s p e c i a l l y a b o u t th e p r o d u c t i o n o f f i r e b a l l s , o r o t h e r r e s o n a n t s t a t e s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h l a r g e a n g u l a r mom enta.

The aim o f th e p r e s e n t a n a l y s i s i s to i n v e s t i g a t e th e p o s s i b l e a z im u th a l e f f e c t s i n p io n - n u c l e o n (тгЮ i n t e r a c t i o n s a t 1 7 »2 GeV/ с . The w ork c a n be ta k e n a s a c o n t i n u a t i o n o f a s i m i l a r i n v e s t i g a t i o n , c a r r i e d o u t e a r l i e r on irR i n t e r a c t i o n s a t a p r im a r y momentum o f ~ 7 GeV/c [8] , I n t h a t p a p e r i t was r e p o r t e d a b o u t a n a z im u th a l a n i s o t r o p y i n th e two and t h r e e p ro n g e v e n t s , w h ile a t h i g h e r m u l t i p l i c i t i e s s u c h a n e f f e c t c o u l d n o t b e d e t e c t e d .

S in c e th e r e s u l t s o f d i f f e r e n t a u t h o r s [ l ] , [б - l l ] c o n c e r n in g th e q u e s t i o n o f a z im u th a l e f f e c t s a r e r a t h e r c o n t r a d i c t o r y o r i n c o n c l u s i v e i t seem d to b e w o r th w ile t o ch e c k o u r e a r l i e r r e s u l t s and c a r r y o u t a new m e a su re m e n t.

2 . E x p e r im e n ta l

F o r th e p r e s e n t a n a l y s i s a t o t a l o f 928 I n e l a s t i c тг N i n t e r a c t i o n fo u n d i n I l f o r d G5 p l a t e s b y a lo n g t h e t r a c k s c a n n in g / f o r d e t a i l s o f th e s c a n n in g and m e asu re m en t s e e r e f s . [ l2j [ l3]/w as u s e d x . The i n t e r a c t i o n s s a ­ t i s f i e d a p p r o p r i a t e s e l e c t i o n c r i t e r i a su m m arised i n r e f . [ 1 4 ] x x . T h is sa m p le o f e v e n t s c o n t a i n e s m o s tly t h e i n e l a s t i c i n t e r a c t i o n s o f th e p r im a r y p io n on f r e e and q u a s i - f r e e n u c le o n s an d i n a c e r t a i n am ount th e so c a l l e d d i f f r a c t i o n d i s s o c i a t i o n /D D / e v e n ts w h ic h a l s o s a t i s f y th e ab o v e s e l e c t i o n c r i t e r i a . Thus o u r sa m p le i s - a p a r t fro m t h e DD e v e n t s - a lm o s t f r e e fro m th e more co m plex p i o n - n u c l e u s / -nj r / i n t e r a c t i o n s , w h ic h c a n m aske th e p o s s i b l e a z im u th a l e f f e c t s .

уWe a r e i n d e b te d to th e A lm a-A ta g ro u p f o r k i n d l y p r o v id i n g u s w ith t h e i r d a t a c o n c e r n in g th e 2- , 5- and 4 - p ro n g e v e n t s , w h ic h a r e i n c l u d e d i n t h e ab o v e s a m p le .

T h e se s e l e c t i o n c r i t e r i a w ere th e sam e, w h ich h a v e b e e n a p p l i e d f o r th e

~7 GeV/ с m a t e r i a l . x x

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I t i s r e m a r k a b le , t h a t in. g e n e r a l t h e com plex n u c l e a r i n t e r a c t i o n s a r e n o t s e p a r a t e d i n th e m a j o r i t y o f th e s a m p le s u s e d s o f o r i n v e s t i g a t i n g a z i m u th a l a n i s o t o p y .

3 . R e s u l t s

I n o r d e r t o d e t e c t a p o s s i b l e a z i m u th a l a n i s o t r o p y th e f r e q u e n t l y a p p l i e d "m ethod o f c o n s e c u t i v e a n g l e s " [ 5 ] * [ 15 ] was u s e d . A c c o r d i n g 't o t h i s m eth o d th e o b s e r v e d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f c o n s e c u t i v e a z im u th a l a n g l e s

/ i . e . o f th e s e p a r a t i o n a n g le ф = Ф1+1~<^ b e tw e e n t h e a z im u th a l a n g l e s o f t h e s u c c e s s i v e p r o n g s / f o r e v e n t s o f a g iv e n m u l t i p l i c i t y h a s to b e co m p ared w ith t h e c o r r e s p o n d in g random d i s t r i b u t i o n .

I n c a s e o f a z i m u th a l i s o t r o p y th e p r o b a b i l i t y d i s t r i b u t i o n o f Ф f o r n - p r o n g e v e n t s i s g iv e n b y th e f o l l o w i n g e x p r e s s i o n :

Ы(ФЫФ = ( n - l ) ^ l - 2 f f 111

The o b s e r v e d d i s t r i b u t i o n s t o g e t h e r w ith t h e random o n e s o b t a i n e d fro m e x p r e s s i o n /1/ f o r e v e n t s h a v i n g d i f f e r e n t num ber o f p r o n g s /n =2,3,4,5, 6, »7/ a r e shown i n F i g . l . th e c u r v e f o r n* 7 was o b t a i n e d by c a l c u l a t i n g w e ig h te d a v e r a g e o f t h e . c u r v e s f o r n=7,8,9,1 0,1 1,1 2, w h ere th e w e ig h t in g f a c t o r s w ere t h e num ber o f e v e n t s o f th e c o r r e s p o n d in g m u l t i p l i c i t i e s .

A x 2 - t e s t shows / s e e T a b le I . / , t h a t i n c a s e s o f th e tw o an d t h r e e p ro n g e v e n t s , t h e r e e x i s t s a s i g n i f i c a n t d e v i a t i o n fro m th e a z i m u th a l

i s o t o p y , w h e re a s a t h i g h e r m u l t i p l i c i t i e s s u c h d e v i a t i o n s c o u ld n o t be d e t e c t e d .

- 2 -

T a b le I , Number o f p r o n g s

n p(x2 )

2 0 ,0 1 %

3 0 ,0 1 %

4 3 % «

. 5 5 % X

U 6 % X

i 7 55 %

C a l c u l a t i n g P(x2) t c e l l s c o n t a i n i n g o n ly a s m a ll num ber o f p a r t i c l e s w ere g ro u p e d t o g e t h e r , w h ic h p r o c e d u r e - th o u g h a l i t t l e a r b i t r a r y - i s g e n e r a l l y u s e d i n x2 - t e s t s .

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T hese r e s u l t s a r e i n a g re e m e n t w i t h th o s e o b ta in e d e a r l i e r a t ~ 7 G-eV/c.

O ur s a m p le s i n n e i t h e r c a s e s c o n t a i n e v e n t s l y i n g w i t h i n 5 0 ^ u , / i n p r o c e s s e d e m u ls io n / fro m e i t h e r s u r f a c e o f t h e e m u ls io n , a v o id in g t h u s t h e b i a s e s d u e to th e o m is s io n o f d i p p i n g sh o w e r t r a c k s . The f a c t , t h a t t h e s e u n b i a s e d s a m p le s show a s i g n i f i c a n t d e v i a t i o n fro m a z i m u th a l i s o t r o p y i s a g a i n s t th e c o n c l u s i o n o f th e a u t h o r s o f r e f . [ 1 J.

I n o r d e r t o g e t i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t th e p o s s i b l e c a u se 's o f th e o b s e r v e d a z i m u th a l a n i s o t r o p y o f th e two and t h r e e p ro n g e v e n t s , t h e f o l l o w i n g

a n a l y s e s w ere c a r r i e d o u t .

4 . A n a ly s is o f th e tw o -p ro n g e v e n ts

The d i s t r i b u t i o n s o f th e c o n s e c u t i v e a z i m u th a l a n g le s a r e p l o t t e d on F i g . 2 f o r t h o s e e v e n t s i n w hich b o t h o f t h e c h a r g e d s e c o n d a r i e s w ere i d e n t i f i e d and w ere fo u n d t o be p t r / F i g . 2 a / o r it* i r / F i g . 2 b / p a r t i c l e s r e s p e c t i v e l y 7'? i . e , f o r r e a c t i o n s

тг- p ртг" ( ктт°) к —1) 2 1. •» / 2а /

тт_р птг+тг"(к'тт°) к ’ = 0,1, . . . / 2Ь /

The i s o t r o p i c d i s t r i b u t i o n s and d i s t r i b u t i o n s c a l c u l a t e d b y a M onte 'C a r lo m ethod / t h e m a t r i x elem ent: o f th e i n t e r a c t i o n s was c h o s e n to b e c o n s t a n t , f o r th e d i f f e r e n t c h a n n e l s , s e e A p p en d ix 1 . / a r e a l s o draw n i n t o th e f i g u r e .

One c a n s e e t h a t

/ 1 / I n c a s e o f r e a c t i o n / 2 а / t h e r e i s , b o t h i n th e e x p e r i m e n t a l and M onte C a r lo d i s t r i b u t i o n s a p ro n o u n c e d and c o m p a r a t i v e l y n a rro w p eak a r o u n d Ф = 1 8 0 ° / t h e i n t e r v a l 1 5 0 ° <ф< 210° c o n t a i n e s

46 % o f a l l th e m e a su re d e v e n t s / . T h is p e a k i s much l e s s p ro n o u n c e d a n d n a rro w f o r r e a c t i o n /2Ь / a s c a n be s e e n fro m b o t h th e e x p e r i m e n t a l and M onte C a rlo d i s t r i b u t i o n s / t h e same I n t e r v a l l c o n t a i n e s o n ly 20 % o f a l l th e m e a su re d e v e n t s / .

F o r t h e s e d i s t r i b u t i o n s a p p r o p r i a t e g e o m e t r i c a l f a c t o r s w ere u s e d / s e e r e f s . [1 2,] [13] / .

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/ 2 / The M onte C a r lo c u r v e s a g r e e q u i t e w e ll w i t h th e e x p e r i m e n t a l d i s t r i b u t i o n s e x c e p t a t th e v e r y e d g e s f o r th e r e a c t i o n / 2 Ъ / . T h is i s p r o b a b ly due to p e r i p h e r a l c o l l i s i o n s w h ere th e ir+ a n d it- p a r t i c l e s

a r e e m i t t e d fro m t h e u p p e r v e r t e x a t s m a ll a n g l e s w i t h th e p r im a r y d i r e c t i o n i n th e l a b o r a t o r y s y s te m , w h ich p r o c e s s w as n o t ta k e n i n t o a c c o u n t i n o u r Monte C a r lo c a l c u l a t i o n .

The r e s u l t o f a x 2 - t e s t f o r th e i s o t r o p i c a n d M onte C a r lo d i s t r i b u ­ t i o n s c a n b e s e e n i n T a b le I I . I n th e l a s t colum n o f t h e t a b l e , p ' ( v 2 )

means t h e P e a r s o n p r o b a b i l i t i e s i f we do n o t ta k e i n t o a c c o u n t t h e f i r s t and l a s t c e l l s .

Thus o u r a n a l y s i s sho w s, t h a t th e o b s e r v e d d e v i a t i o n fro m i s o t r o p y o n ly p a r t l y c a n b e e x p l a in e d b y th e k i n e m a t i c s o f th e p r o c e s s e s .

T a b le I I .

r e a c t i o n ^ ( x 2 ) pMC(x ) p ' ( v 2 )

M C VX '

/ 2а / 0 ,0 1 % 14 .. %

/ 2Ъ / 0 , 2 % 0,0J % 23 %

t o t a l w i t h n = 2

0 ,0 1 % 3 % 50 %

5 . A n a ly s is o f th e th r e e - p r o n g e v e n t s

As i t was m e n tio n e d b e f o r e , th e t h r e e p ro n g e v e n t s h a v e a c e r t a i n c o n t a m in a tio n o f DD i n t e r a c t i o n s [13J t [1 6 -1 8 ] .

T h e r e f o r e o u r sam ple i s s u b d iv id e d i n t o t h r e e p a r t s s ( a ) E v e n ts c o n t a i n i n g a n i d e n t i f i e d p r o t o n . ^

(b ) E v e n t s w i t h o u t an i d e n t i f i e d p r o t o n , f o r w h ic h I sinG^ > 0 , 4 4 /w h e re i s th e e m is s i o n s p a c e a n g le o f t h e \ - t h t r a c k / .

3

( c ) E v e n ts w i t h o u t an i d e n t i f i e d p r o t o n , f o r w hich- \ s i n 0 <

< 0 , 4 4 j i . e . t h e D D - c a n d id a te s . i = l

The a z im u th a l a n g u l a r d i s t r i b u t i o n o f e v e n t s b e l o n g i n g to s u b s a m p le s ( a ) , ( b ) an d t h e i r sum c a n b e s e e n on F i g . J a / d i s t r i b u t i o n s q u o te d by 1 ,2 and J / . The c o r r e s p o n d in g random d i s t r i b u t i o n s a r e a l s o i n d i c a t e d . As c a n be s e e n from th e f i g u r e an d fro m th e v a l u e s o f P (x 2 ) / i n d i c a t e d on th e f i g u r e / t h e r e i s no a z im u th a l e f f e c t i n e i t h e r c a s e s .

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The d i s t r i b u t i o n o f s u b sa m p le (c ), how ever h a s a sh a p e q u i t e d i f f e r e n t from t h a t o f th e random o n e . I t h a s a p e a k a t a ro u n d Ф = 1 8 0 ° , an d a f t e r a r a p i d f a l l , a t a i l a t Ф - v a l u e s g r e a t e r t h a t Ф= 2 1 0 ° / s e e F i g . З Ъ /.

T h is c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s h a p e a u t o m a t i c a l l y s u g g e s t s th e a s s u m p tio n t h a t t h i s s u b sa m p le c o n s i s t s o f tw o ty p e s o f e v e n ts } ( i ) e v e n t s , w h ic h y i e l d th e i s o t r o p i c p a r t o f th e d i s t r i b u t i o n , and ( i i ) e v e n t s , w h ic h c a u s e th e d e v i a t i o n , from i s o t r o p y .

I n o r d e r t o s e p a r a t e t h i s two ty p e s o f e v e n ts a s t r a i g h t l i n e was

f i t t e d t o th e t a i l o f th e d i s t r i b u t i o n an d i t was e x t r a p o l a t e d down to Ф= 0 ° . Then s u b t r a c t i n g th e a r e a u n d e r t h i s l i n e fro m th e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f e v e n t s b e l o n g in g to s u b sa m p le ( c ) a new d i s t r i b u t i o n c o r r e s p o n d in g t o th e e v e n t s c a u s in g th e d e v i a t i o n from i s o t r o p y c a n b e o b ta in e d .

A c o m p a ris o n o f t h i s new d i s t r i b u t i o n / d i s t r i b u t i o n 1 i n F i g . 4 / w ith t h a t c a l c u l a t e d b y Monte C a r lo m ethod f o r DD i n t e r a c t i o n s / f o r d e t a i l s s e e A ppendix 2 . / o f t y p e s

tt'JT -*• У Xj^,. p°7T— / З а /

and

iT'Jf" -*• У ■+ Jf 7Г+ ТГ ТГ" / З Ь /

w here x “ * i s th e c o h e r e n t l y p ro d u c e d s y s te m h a v in g a n e f f e c t i v e m ass m* , shows / d i s t r i b u t i o n s 2 and 3 i n F i g . 4 / , t h a t th e r e i s a n e x c e l l e n t a g re e m e n t w ith t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n c a l o u l a t e d f o r r e a c t i o n / З а / . T hus we c a n c o n c lu d e

t h a t t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o b ta in e d b y th e ab o v e p r o c e d u r e i s due t o o n ly DD e v e n ts /p r e s u m a b ly o f ty p e / З а / / . T h is m eans t h a t t h i s " s u b t r a c t i o n "

p r o c e d u r e g iv e s a p o s s i b i l i t y t o s e l e c t DD e v e n ts fro m a sam p le o f t h r e e pro n g e v e n t s .

л

K now ing t h i s r e s u l t , w e c a n make t h e s u b t r a c t i o n m ore p r e c i s e l y , e lim ­ i n a t i n g t h e i n a c c u r a c y i n th e e x t r a p o l a t i o n - . D enote b y y^ th e num ber o f a n g le s i n th e i - t h c e l l i n th e c o n s e c u t i v e a z im u th a l a n g u l a r d i s t r i b u t i o n , by mt a n d h-t t h e same q u a n t i t i e s o b t a i n e d by th e M onte C a rlo c a l c u la tio n f o r

In t h i s c a l c u l a t i o n th e s p i n p a r i t y a s s ig n e m e n t o f t h e - s y s t e m was n o t t a k e n i n t o a c c o u n t s i n c e i t i s show n i n A p p en d ix 2 , t h a t th e s h a p e o f th e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f c o n s e c u t i v e a z i m u th a l a n g le s i s n o t s e n s i t i v e to th e p o s s i b l e s p i n p a r i t y a s s ig n e m e n ts .

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r e a c t i o n / З а / , a n d from E q. / 1 / , r e s p e c t i v e l y . Then th e e x p e c te d v a lu e o f y . w i l l h e <y; >= Апц + Bbq w h ere A an d В a r e th e c o n s t a n t s t o h e d e te rm in e d ^ and th e p r o b a b i l i t y t h a t i n t h e i - t h c e l l y j i s o b s e r v e d i n s t e a d o f < y j > i s

< y > 1 - < y >

P , = --- =--- e

* i 1

A p p ly in g th e maximum l i k e l i h o o d m e th o d , A and В w e re d e t e r m in e d .

U s in g th e o b t a i n e d v a l u e s o f th e c o n s t a n t s , t h e r e a l num ber o f D D -e v e n ts /N DD/ among- t h e e v e n t s b e l o n g i n g to su b sa m p le ( c ) , /N (c)/ , an d t h u s th e m ean f r e e p a t h o f th e DD p r o c e s s i n q u e s t i o n i n e m u ls io n , c a n be o b t a i n e d * . The c a l c u l a t i o n was c a r r i e d o u t f o r th e ~ 7 GeV/c m a t e r i a l a s w e ll * * . The r e s u l t s c a n b e s e e n i n T a b le I U .

- 6 -

T a b le I I I .

NCO A . В . r h ± N_„

DD ^DD

1 7 ,2 GeV/c

175 255

±

29 260

+ 29

85,1

+

9,5 Cll5

+

15)m

~ 7 GeV/c 20

28,0

+ 7 , 6

31,0

+ 7 , 8

9,5

+

2,5 (1065

+

288)m

I t i s w o r th t o m e n tio n , t h a t i f t h i s s u b t r a c t i o n p r o c e d u r e i s a p p l i e d t o a l l t h e t h r e e p r o n g e v e n t s t h e r e s u l t f o r e x c e l l e t l y a g r e e s w ith th e r e s u l t shown i n T a b le I I I , w h ic h shows t h e r o l i a b l i t y o f th e m e th o d .

I n c a s e o f th e ~ 7 GeV/c m a t e r i a l th e r e s u l t o f a s e p a r a t e M onte C a r lo c a l c u l a t i o n c o r r e s p o n d in g t o t h i s p r im a r y e n e r g y w as a p p l i e d .

XX

(11)

The above v a l u e s o f Л a r e w i t h i n th e i n t e r v a l o b t a i n e d e a r l i e r [ 13 ] fro m th e same m a t e r i a l x

C61 + 5)m < Add < ( ЗОО + 83)m

(5 5 5 + I31)to < ADo7 GeV/ c < C 16 0 0 + 800) m

The p o s s i b l e i n f l u e n c e o f a ir-n->-np0 i r D eck -m ech anism [19] to th e s h a p e o f th e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f c o n s e c u t i v e a n g l e s was a l s o i n v e s t i g a t e d , b y a s e p a r a t e M onte C a r lo c a l c u l a t i o n / s e e A ppendix 3 /« The c a l c u l a t i o n y i e l d e d th e

f o l l o w i n g r e s u l t s : 3

a . / O n ly 10 % o f th e g e n e r a t e d e v e n ts f u l f i l l é s t h e ^I^ sin Q jfO , 44 c r i t e r i o n » b . / The maximum o f th e c o n s e c u t i v e a z i m u th a l angular"*’d i s t r i b u t i o n o f e v e n t s

f u l f i l l i n g th e У sinG , < 0 ,4 4 c r i t e r i o n i s a l i t t l e s h i f t e d to w a rd s lo w e r

i = 1

Ф - v a l u e s c o m p a rin g w ith th e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f DD p r o c e s s / s e e F i g . 5 a / c . / The sh a p e o f t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f e v e n t s h a v in g ^ s i n G .^ 0 ,4 4 i s v e r y '

d i f f e r e n t fro m th e e x p e r i m e n t a l l y o b s e r v e d one / s e e F i g . 5 h / .

I f th e s m a ll e n h a n c e m e n ts / h a t c h e d a r e a s i n F i g . З а / i n th e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f e v e n t s b e lo n g in g to su b sa m p le ( b ) i n th e r e g i o n s 1 2 0° .s Ф <, 1 5 0° and

180° ^ Ф .< 210° a r e s u p p o se d t o b e due t o Deck m e ch an ism , th e n t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n o f th e Deck m echanism / i n c a s e o f su b sa m p le (b) / c a n b e e s t i m a t e d a s s 10 % /w h ic h c o r r e s p o n d to < 17 e v e n t s / an d i t i s n e g l i b l e f o r t h e s u b sa m p le ( c ) .

6. D is c u s s i o n a n d c o n c l u s i o n s

1 . / A n a ly s in g th e c o n s e c u t i v e a z i m u th a l a n g u l a r d i s t r i b u t i o n o f it_n

i n t e r a c t i o n s a t 1 7 ,2 GeV/ с , a z im u th a l a n i s o t r o p y w as fo u n d f o r th e t.wo an d t h r e e p ro n g e v e n t s . At h i g h e r m u l t i p l i c i t i e s a z i m u t h a l e f f e c t s w ere n o t d e t e c t e d .

x The lo w e r l i m i t was o b t a i n e d u s in g s e l e c t i o n c r i t e r i a

1» Ng = = 0

2, I s i n < 0 ,4 4 ,

w h ile f o r th e u p p e r l i m i t t h r e e m ore c r i t e r i a w e re u s e d :

3, a l l th e t h r e e p a r t i c l e s h av e to b e i d e n t i f i e d a s p i o n s .

4, a, * 200 MeV/ с , w here i s th e t r a n s v e r s e momentum t r a n s f e r r e d t o th e n u c l e u s ,

5 , £ E > 0 Í7 Eft, w here E an d Ej. Eire th e t o t a l e n e r g y o f t h e p r im a r y a n d ° o f th e i - t h p io n .

(12)

8

2 . / As c o n c e r n s th e two p r o n g e v e n t s i t was p o i n t e d o u t t h a t th e a n i s o t r o p y fo u n d c a n be p a r t l y a t t r i b u t e d t o k i n e m a t i c a l e f f e c t s .

3. / As c o n c e r s th e t h r e e p ro n g e v e n t s th e o b s e r v e d a n i s o t r o p y was fo u n d t o b e due to DD p r o c e s s e s .

4 . / A new " s u b t r a c t i o n ” m eth o d was fo u n d f o r th e s e l e c t i o n o f DD- e v e n t s fro m a sa m p le o f t h r e e p ro n g e v e n t s . U sin g t h i s m ethod

*DDGeV/C = C1065 + 288) m and A ^ ' 2GeV/c = ( 1 1 3 ± 13)m

w ere o b t a i n e d f o r th e mer- f r e e p a t h o f D D -p ro c e ss e s a t ~7 and 1 7 »2 GeV/c p r im a r y m om enta.

5 . / S in c e i n DD e v e n t s t h e r e i s a n a z i m u th a l a n i s o t r o p y , one c a n assum e t h a t t h e a z i m u th a l e f f e c t s fo u n d i n co sm ic r a y J e t s / m a i n i y i n s e c o n d a r y

o n e s / h a v in g s m a ll num ber o f h e a v y p ro n g s an d sh o w er p a r t i c l e s / e . g . r e f s . [2 0] , [21] / a r e p a r t l y due t o DD p r o c e s s e s . Thus i t i s d e s i r a b l e t o s tu d y

s e p a r a t e l y t h e a z i m u th a l e f f e c t s o f DD a n d non-DD e v e n t s i n th e f u t u r e c o sm ic r a y w o rk s.

6. / The a b s e n c e o f a z i m u th a l e f f e c t a t c h a rg e d m u l t i p l i c i t i e s n > 3 / a p a r t fro m th e D D - e v e n ts / c a n b e a t t r i b u t e d to th e f o i l w i n g c a u s e :

I n e l a s t i c c h a n n e ls o f d i f f e r e n t m u l t i p l i c i t y a r e s u p e rim p o s e d a t a g iv e n num ber o f c h a r g e d p r o n g s and t h i s s u p e r p o s i t i o n c a n y i e l d a n e a r l y "random "

d i s t r i b u t i o n i n s p i t e o f th e p o s s i b l e a z i m u th a l e f f e c t s i n th e s e p a r a t e c h a n n e l s .

T h e r e f o r e th e p o s s i b i l i t y o f th e p r o d u c t i o n o f f i r e b a l l s a t t h i s e n e rg y i s n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r u l e d o u t . /A s a m a t t e r o f f a c t f i r e b a l l s

p r o d u c t i o n was d e t e c t e d b y e . g . C .W .A k e rlo f e t a l . [ 2 2 ] i n p -p c o l l i s i o n s . / To g e t more i n f o r m a t i o n i n t h i s r e s p e c t , i t seem s t o be w o r th w ile to i n v e s t i g a t e a z im u th a l e f f e c t s u s i n g th e "m eth o d o f c o n s e c u t i v e a n g l e s " / o r an im p ro v e d , more s e n s i t i v e m e th o d / i n th e s e p a r a t e i n e l a s t i c c h a n n e l s , and t o s tu d y th e a z im u th a l c o r r e l a t i o n s b e tw e e n l i k e l y and u n l i k e l y c h a rg e d

s e c o n d a r i e s .

The a u t h o r s a r e g r a t e f u l t o D r. P . K i r á l y f o r h i s c r i t i c a l com m ents.

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F ig u r e c a p t i o n s

F i g . l . O b se rv e d and c a l c u l a t e d fro m e q . / 1 / d i s t r i b u t i o n s o f c o n s e c u t i v e a z i m u th a l a n g l e s f o r e v e n t s h a v in g d i f f e r e n t num bers / n > 2 / o f p r o n g s . The d o t t e d l i n e i n c a s e o f n=2 c o r r e s p o n d s to th e Monte C a r l o d i s t r i b u t i o n .

F i g . 2 . D i s t r i b u t i o n s o f c o n s e c u t i v e a z im u th a l a n g l e s o b s e r v e d a . / i n r e a c t i o n / 2 а / an d

b . / i n r e a c t i o n / 2 Ъ / .

The d o t t e d / —--- / an d t h e b r o k e n l i n e s c o r r e s p o n d to th e Monte C a r l o an d th e ran d o m d i s t r i b u t i o n s r e s p e c t i v e l y .

F i g . J . D i s t r i b u t i o n s o f c o n s e c u t i v e a z im u th a l a n g l e s f o r t h r e e p ro n g e v e n t s b e lo n g in g

a / t o s u b sa m p le s Ca) / d i s t r i b u t i o n 1 / , ( b ) / d i s t r i b u t i o n 2 / a n d to t h e i r sum / d i s t r i b u t i o n 3 / and

о / t o su b sa m p le ( c ) .

The s t r a i g h t l i n e s c o r r e s p o n d to th e ran d o m d i s t r i b u t i o n s . F i g . 4 . D i s t r i b u t i o n s o f c o n s e c u t i v e a z im u th a l a p g l e s o b t a i n e d b y th e

s u b t r a c t i o n m ethod / f u l l l i n e / . The d i s t r i b u t i o n s d ro w n w ith d o t t e d / --- / and b r o k e n l i n e s c o r r e s p o n d to M onte C a r lo d i s t r i b u t i o n s c a l c u l a t e d f o r D D - i n t e r a c t i o n s o f t y p e s / З а / an d / З Ь / .

F i g . 5 . Monte C a r lo d i s t r i b u t i o n s o f c o n s e c u t i v e a z im u th a l a n g l e s o f t h r e e p ro n g e v e n t s c o r r e s p o n d in g to D eck m echanism a n d

a / s a t i s f y i n g t h e £ s i n 0 . < 0 , 4 4 c r i t e r i o n

i s 1 •**

Ъ / do n o t s a t i s f y i n g th e ab o v e c r i t e r i o n .

(14)

10 -

P i g . 1 .

(15)

t

f

P i g . 2

(16)
(17)

F i g . 4

(18)

- 14

м

ti

F i g . 5.

(19)

A ppen d ix 1 .

The d i s t r i b u t i o n s o f c o n s e c u t iv e a z i m u th a l a n g l e s w ere c a l c u l a t e d f o r re d a c tio n c h a n n e ls ,

p i r - TT°1 р т г 2 7T0 р т г Зтт0

ПТГ+ 1Г- m r + 1Г- 7T°

n i r + 7Г 2ir*

ш т + IT' Зтт

s e p a r a t e l y b y g e n e r a t i n g t h e s e ty p e s o f many b o d y f i n a l s t a t e s s u p p o s in g a u n ifo rm d i s t r i b u t i o n i n th e p h a se s p a c e ; i . e . s u p p o s in g a c o n s t a n t t r a n s i t i o n m a t r i x e le m e n t / f o r th e d e t a i l e s o f th e p rogram m ing o f t h i s c a l c u l a t i o n s e e i n r e f . [25, ] / « The r e s u l t o f t h e s e Monte C a r lo d i s t r i b u ­ t i o n s c a n b e s e e n i n F i g . A l.

These d i s t r i b u t i o n s w ere summed up u s i n g th e m e a su re d p r o p o r t i o n s [2 4] o f th e above r e a c t i o n c h a n n e ls a s w e ig h t in g f a c t o r s . D i s t r i b u t i o n s t h u s o b ta in e d a r e com p ared w ith th e e x p e r i m e n t a l o n es i n F i g s , l a , 2 a and 2b .

R e a c tio n c h a n n e ls w i t h m ore th e n Зтг° w ere n o t c a l c u l a t e d s i n c e t h e i r r e l a t i v e o c c u r e n c e a r e v e r y s m a ll [ 2 4 ] .

x

(20)

(я Jrb.trury -int»)

N

I мCTN

I

J i g . A I. M ente C arlo , d i s t r i b u t i o n s o f c o n s e c u t i v e a z im u th a l a n g l e s c a l c u l a t e d f o r r e a c t i o n s тг-р -► p1T- ( ктт°) k = l ,2 ,3 and Tr*р-*-птТгг^с' ттс ) k*=0,1,2 ,3 .

(21)

A p p en d ix 2 .

A d i s t i n c t M onte C a r lo program w as w r i t t e n f o r th e g e n e r a t i o n o f c o h e r e n t e v e n ts u s i n g th e k i n e m a ti c s o f c o h e r e n t p r o d u c t i o n . The m ethod o f g e n e r a t i o n was th e f o l l o w i n g . A v a lu e f o r th e e f f e c t i v e m ass /Мх / o f th e c o h e r e n t l y p ro d u c e d sy ste m w as ran d o m ly c h o s e n fro m th e e x p e r i m e n t a l l y m e a su re d d i s t r i b u t i o n g iv e n i n r e f . • The momentum, t r a n s f e r r e d to th e t a r g e t n u c le u s / i n o u r c a s e t o a c a r b o n n u c l e u s / was c a l c u l a t e d b y c h o o s in g random t r t r a n s v e r s e momentum fro m th e d i s t r i b u t i o n

f (Ча ) dq i = r

<

4 i i f

О

к. i f q 2 >

2 0 0 M e V / c

2 0 0 M e V / c

The l o n g i t u d i n a l com ponent o f t h i s momentum was d e te r m in e d b y t h e u s e o f th e f o r m u la

q.. *i

M . + p

А О

2МЯР„

A о

M* - m_

2 P

w h ere i s th e m ass o f th e n u c l e u s an d P Q i s th e p r im a r y momentum i n th e l a b o r a t o r y s y s te m . /T h e y w ere s e t e q u a l w i t h 12 and 1 7 s 2 GeV/ с r e s p e c t i v e l y . /

Then th e momenta and t h e a z im u th a l a n g l e s o f th e t h r e e p i o n s w ere c a l e u l a t e d i n t h e l a b o r a t o r y s y ste m a s s u m in g t h a t c o h e r e n t l y p ro d u c e d XM* s y s te m d e c a y s i n i t s r e s t s y ste m a s

XM„ -*■ p < V •+ тг+тГтг- /1 /

V /1 1/

To ta k e i n t o a c c o u n t t h e p o s s i b l e s p i n e f f e c t s , a f u r t h e r c a l u l a t i o n was made f o r r e a c t i o n / i / , i n w h ich th e e x p e r i m e n t a l l y m e a su re d d i s t r i b u t i o n

[26] o f th e d i r e c t i o n o f th e n o rm a l o f t h e d e c a y p la n e i n th e r e s t s y s te m was u s e d . /T h e s e d i s t r i b u t i o n s c a n b e a t t r i b u t e d to th e p o s s i b l e 1+ or. 2~ s p i n - p a r i t y a s s ig n e m e n ts f o r t h e p ro d u c e d s y s t e m . /

The r e s u l t s o f th e a b o v e c a l c u l a t i o n s c a n b e s e e n i n F i g . A2.

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1 8 -

N

F i g , A2. Monte C a r lo d i s t r i b u t i o n s o f c o n s e c u t i v e a z im u th a l a n g l e s o f D D -ev e n ts o f ty p e s a / t\-JT -*■ jTtt+ тг-тг-

and Ъ / тг-у -*■ У р °1т-

D i s t r i b u t i o n s drow n w ith f u l l an d d o t t e d l i n e s c o r r e s p o n d to c a l c u l a t i o n s , i n c l u d i n g and n e g l e c t i n g s p i n - e f f e c t s ,

r e s p e c t i v e l y .

(23)

I n o r d e r t o s e e th e e f f e c t due t o a r n •+■ np°ir" Deck m echanism [ 1 9]» J?he d i s t r i b u t i o n o f c o n s e c u t i v e a z im u th a l a n g l e s was c a l c u l a t e d by M onte C a rlo m e th o d . The c a l c u l a t i o n was c a r r i e d o u t by i n t e g r a t i n g th e D eck m a t r i x e le m e n t on th e пртт p h a s e s p a c e w ith a v a l u e o f t h e d i f f r a c t i o n p e a k p a r a m e te r k=9 G e V . The m a tr ix e le m e n t c o r r e s p o n d in g t o th e g ra p h i n F i g . A3, c a n h e w r i t t e n a s :

|M I ■

2 -K t

a) e

(*

- Ш2 ) 2IT'

w here ü)2= (q ] +q2 ) 2 , t = ( q ^ p^ 2 , A = ( q3~p2) 2 and t h e sy m b o ls q , t , A c o r r e s p o n d to th e n o t a t i o n s o f F i g . A3»

F i g . A3. G raph c o r r e s p o n d in g to th e Deck m echanism i n t h e n - n — np0 *- r e a c t i o n . p ^ ,p2, q ^ , g2, q 3 , д and t a r e t h e f o u r momenta in v o l v e d i n th e i n t e r a c t i o n .

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20 -

R e fe r e n c e s

[ l ] G.K.Rao an d A .A .K am alt P r o c . P h y s . S o c . , 9 1 . 8 9 4 , 1967 G.K.Rao / t o b e p u b l i s h e d i n A c ta F h y s .H u n g ./

[2 ] Z .C zach o w sk a, A .J u r á k and A .L in s c h e id : Rep.N o 7 8 8 /Y I/P H Warsaw 1967

[3 ] W„L.K r a u s h a a r and L .J .M a r k s : P h y s .R e v ., 326» 1954 [4 ] Z.Koba and S .T a k a g it Nuovo C im ., 1 0 , 755* 1958

[ 5 ] D .P .S t e r n : S upp.N uovo C im ., 1 0 , 2 5 1 , I9 6 0

[ 6 ] C . C a s t a g n o l i , C .L a m b o r iz io , J . O r t a l l i and A . B a r b a r o - C a l t i e r i o t Nuovo C im ., 2 0 , 4 1 6 , 1961

[ 7 ] S .A .A zim ov, L .P ,C h e r n o v a , G .M .C h ern ov, V .M .Chudakov an d B .K . N i k i s k i n t Nuovo C im .. 2 2 , 235» 1961

[ 8 ] G .B o zó k it T r a n s a c t i o n s o f th e V I I tiL I n t . C o n f . o f H ig h Energy- P h y s i c s , S o f i a 1961 p .1 0

9 [ 9 ] J . P e m e g r , V . P e t r i i l k a and V .á im a k : P ro c .C o s m ic Ray C o n f . , Moscow,

V o l . I , I9 6 0 / I n t .U n io n o f P u re an d A p p lie d P h y s i c s / , [ 1 0 ] E »M«F r i e d l ä n d e r1 S o v ie t P h y s ic s JHDP, 1 2 , 6 6 9 , 1961

[ 1 1 ] S h .A b d u z h a m ilo v , S .A .A zim ov, L ,P .C h e r n o v a , G .M ,C hernov a n d V.M.

C hudakov: 1ЭТФ £ 7 , 2 4 , 1964

[ 1 2 ] G .B o z ó k i, É .G om bosi an d L .Y a n ic s e k / t o b e p u b l i s h e d / [ 1 3 ] E .Gombosit / T h e s e s / Magy.P i z . F o l y ó i r a t , 1 6 , 1 8 9 , 1968

[ 1 4 ] J .M .Gramen i c k i t R ep. No 5 5 5 , Dubna. I9 6 0

[ 1 5] P .C io k , M .D anysZ, T .S a n ie w s k a and P . Z i e l i n s k i : T r a n s a c t i o n s o f t h e V IT th I n t . C o n f . o f H igh E n e rg y P h y s i c s , S o f i a 1961 p .2 3.

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P r in te d , i n th e C e n t r a l R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e f o r P h y s i c s , B u d a p e s t K ia d j a a K ö n y v tá r - é s K ia d ó i O s z t á l y . O .v .i d r . F a r k a s I s t v á n n á

Szakm ai l e k t o r i K i r á l y P é t e r . N y e lv i l e k t o r i S e b e s ty é n Ákos P é ld á n y sz á m i 115 Munkaszámi KFKI 5964 B u d a p e s t, 1 9 6 8 . o k t ó b e r 4 . K é s z ü l t a KFKI h á z i s o k s z o r o s í t ó j á b a n , f . v . i G yenes Im re

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