Sobisz Z., Osadowski Z., Truchan M.
Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Pomeranian University, Arciszewskiego 22A, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland, e-mail: sobisz@apsl.edu.pl
ABSTRACT. So far edited herbaria sheets originate from old collections kept in Herbarium SLTC in Słupsk as a deposit from the natural sciences collection at the Museum of Pomeranian Dukes in Darłowo. Pastor Homann’s herbarium of poisonous plants developed in 1811 is the oldest one at Pomerania. In the herbarium of Gdańsk Medical University in Gdańsk there are herbaria from 1812 which were also developed by pastor Homann.
Introduction
Herbarium collections were gathered in 1811-1916 in the Pomerania. This work shows 67 herbarium sheets belonging to 28 families and 51 genera. Of these, 1 from Poland (Viola epipsila) and 1 from Gdańskie Pomerania and Western Pomerania (Saxifraga hirculus) have been classified among the endangered category. In the XIX century Saxifraga hirculus was recorded in Pomerania at 5 localities (Kaźmierczakowa and Zarzycki 2001). The herbarium's materials are a valuable source of information about regional flora. With reference to all the rare, endangered and extinctive species the materials are an excellent source of knowledge about their location. In case of extinctive species the materials provide historical data. SLTC Herbarium of the Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection of Akademia Pomorska in Słupsk has some reliable sources materials.
The herbarium was taken in the late 1970s by the botanist doc. dr hab. Józef Misiewicz who worked at Akademia Pomorska, analysed the materials from the herbarium and published the findings in his work (Misiewicz, 1977). In the old deposit in Darłowo there are several herbaria that are of great importance as they include plants that are rare, endangered and extinctive.They were analyzed on the basis of the accurate indication and botanical nomenclature.
Material and methods
adopted from works of Gutzmerow (1974), Kaemmerer (1988) and Białecki (2001, 2002).
Categories of threat for Gdańsk Pomerania region were quoted from Markowski and Buliński (2004) - MB, for Western Pomerania from Żukowski and Jackowiak (1995) – ŻJ, for Poland – from Zarzycki and Szeląg Z. (2006) – ZS and Europaean Union from Bilz et al. (2011) – EU. The following symbols and abbreviations were used: !! - strictly protection, ! – partial protection, CR – critically endangered, EN – endangered (in direct danger of extinction), VU – vulnerable, LC – least concern, R – rare, NT – nearly threatened. The ascription of a taxon to a given threat category is based, according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, on quantitative and quanlitative criteria (IUNC, 2001).
Historical facts concerning the authors of the collections
Collections of Georg Gotthilf, Jakob Homann, Karl Friedrich Kohlhoff and Fritz Römer mainly originate from Budowo, Żydowo, Połczyn Zdrój, Barwice and their surrounding areas. The authors of the herbaria were enthusiasts and their life stories show definite interest in natural sciences.
Georg Gotthilf Jakob Homann was the son of pastor Johann Jacob Homann (1730-1799) and Christina de Grabowska. He was born on 23 January 1774 in Budowo. His father, on his 14th birthday in 1787, took him to Berlin to that time Realschule, which he attended for 5 years. In autumn 1788 he had a nervous breakdown and spent seven weeks in hospital, then he recovered in Prenzlau and Zichow. In summer, the following year, he got interested in botany and remained its faithful fan till the end of his life. His brother, a doctor of medical sciences - Karl Homann who was a supervisor of the palace gardens in Oranienburg, taught him how to recognize wild plants. In 1793, he started his theological studies at the University in Halle. In the period 1796-1799, he was employed as a teacher by the Royal Prussian Captain von Puttkamer from Barcin.
In that time, until 2 November 1799, he taught and gave private lessons at homes of: Otto Georg von Zitzewitz from Budowo and Kotowo, Friedrich Carl Ferdinand von Zitzewitz from Gałąźnia Mała and Niepoględzie, Franz von Zitzewitz from Goszczyno, Nikolaus Otto von Zitzewitz from Motarzyno, Kaspar Heinrich von Zitzewitz from Unichowo, Felix von Pirch from Poganice and Jawory. In 1800 he took over the position of a pastor in Budowo after his father and served for 42 years. In 1842, he retired. He died on 18 February 1851 in Grzmiąca near Bytów.
Homann is mentioned in the history of botanical research of Pomerania thanks to elaboration and issue of the first flora of that area – a three volumes’
work (the full title: “Flora of Pomerania or descriptions of flora of Front and Rear
harmfulness.”), which appeared one after another in Koszalin in the years 1828 (I volume), 1830 (II volume) and 1835 (III volume).
Karl Friedrich Kohlhof was born on 5 March 1858 in Bukowo Morskie (Wendisch Buckow) as the son of a court carpenter. In 1876, he graduated in Koszalin (Köslin) from Lutheran Teacher’s Seminar.. In the same year, he took a job of a teacher of natural sciences at the village school in Białęcino (Balenthin) in the district of Sławno (Schlawe). In 1880 he moved to Sianów (Zanow), where under care of the director of a local school Waldemar Jesnitz, he started to learn the secrets of collection and determination of plants. The local pharmacist Schulz from Barcin (Bartin), who often came to Sianów, released the secrets of recognition of bryophytes and lichen. Kohlhoff collected 1000 sheets of flower plants in 10 files and 1000 genii of Creptogamae in 250 carton boxes (Kordel 1925). In 1908, he took up a job of a qualified teacher in Żydowo (Sydow). In 1918 in Koszalin, he published „Neue Heimatkunde von Pommern auf geologischer Grundlage“. That handbook in a number of 2900 pieces was distributed in Pomeranian schools (Kohlhoff, 1921). In 1923 he left his beloved Żydowo and moved to live in Sosnowo Gryfińskie (Gebersdorf) (Schudak, 1989).
In 1925, as a retired teacher, he moved to Barwice (Bärwalde), and in 1930 transferred his collection to the Museum in Darlowo (Rügenwalde) where his friend for many years - Karl Friedrich Marquart was the Head of the Botany and Zoology Section. He died on 10 January 1933 in Barwice (Ott, 1982).
Fritz Rőmer was born on 17 January 1863 Szczecinek (Neu Stettin) as a son of a merchant. His father died early and Fritz was brought up by his grandfather at an estate in Lęgi (Langen). In the period 1881-1884 he attended Royal Teacher’s Seminar in Drawsko (Dramburg). He took a position of a teacher of biology and hygiene at a high school in Połczyn (Bad Polzin). In the period 1901-1911 he was employed at a junior high school in Pyrzyce (Pyritz). In 1911 he came back to Połczyn Zdrój. As a teacher of biology during his field studies around Połczyn Land he found many rare plants (Rőmer 1928). In 1917, he transferred his herbarium from the period of 1886-1916 to the Museum in Darłowo (Rosenow 1986). Earlier, he had sent the collections of higher plants for verification to Prof..
L. Diels in the Botanic Garden in Berlin Dahlem. In 1938 he bestowed a part of his vascular plants collection, 100 files, including 28 files of the genus Rosa (Notizblatt, 1939). He died on 20 March 1941 in Połczyn Zdrój.
Results
Herbarium sheets of German natural scientists: pastor Homann’s (H) and teachers’:
Kohlhoff (K) and Römer (R):
Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. – Budowo, 1811, leg. H.
Cicuta virosa L. – Budowo, 1811, leg. H., EU/LC
Conium maculatum L. – Budowo, 1811, leg. H., MB/LC, ŻJ/R Sium latifolium L. – Budowo, 1811, leg. H., EU/LC
BETULACEAE
!! Betula nana L. – Wierzchowo, ?, leg. K, ZS/VU, EU/VU BRASSICACEAE
Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. – Barlinek, 05. 1901, leg. K.
Barbarea stricta Andrz. – Kołacz, 06. 1903, leg. R., MB/LC, EU/LC Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC. – Połczyn Zdrój, 07. 1912 , leg. R., EU/LC Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. – Kołacz, 07. 1910, leg. R., MB/NT Nasturtium officinale R. Br. – Pyrzyce, 07. 1911, leg. R.
Teesdalea nudicaulis (L.) R. Br. – Barnowiec, 06. 05. 1906 r., leg. K.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Petrorhagia polifera (L.) P. W. Ball & Heywood (Tunica prolifera L.) – Żydowo, 1916, leg. K., MB/NT
CRASSULACEAE
Sedum album L. – Barlinek, 1906, leg. K.
CYPERACEAE
Carex limosa L. – Bobolice, 1911, leg. R., ZS/VU, MB/NT, ŻJ/VU, EU/LC.
C. pilulifera L. – Barwice, 1907, leg. K, DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Dryopteris dilatatum (Hoffm.) A. Gray (Aspidium dilatatum Gray) – Jamno, ?, leg.
K.
EUPHORBIACEAE
Euphorbia helioscopia – Budowo, 1811, leg. H.
E. peplus L. – Budowo, 1811, leg. H.
EQUISETACAE
Equisteum palustre L. – Budowo, 1811, leg. H., EU/LC FABACEAE
Lathyrus niger (L.) Bernh. – Rzeczyca Mała, 1906, leg. K.
!Ononis repens L. – Ogartowo, ?, leg. R.
Ornithopus perpusillus L. – Żydowo, 1916, leg. K.
Ulex europaeus L. – Kępsko, 1906, leg. K.
HIPPURIDACEAE
Hippuris vulgaris L. – Polanów, 1906, leg. K., MB/VU, EU/LC HYPERICACEAE
Hypericum humifusum L. – Żydowo,?, leg. K., MB/NT, ŻJ/R ISÖETACEAE
Isöetes lacustris L. – Żydowo, 1911, leg. K., MB/VU, ŻJ/VU JUNCACEAE
LAMIACEAE
Ajuga genevensis L. – 2.06. 1899 r., leg. K.
Nepeta cataria L. – Połczyn Zdrój, 07. 1903, leg. R., MB/VU Salvia pratensis L. – Połczyn Zdrój, 1907, leg. R., MB/NT
MONOTROPACEAE
Monotropa hipopitys L. – Żydowo, 1916, leg. K.
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
Ophioglossum vulgatum L. – Żydowo, 1916, leg. K., MB/VU, ŻJ/VU ORCHIDACEAE
!! Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó (Orchis incarnata L. ) – Połczyn Zdrój, ?, leg.
R., MB/VU
!! Listera cordata (L.) R. Br. – Borkowo, 07. 1910, leg. R., ŻJ/VU
!! Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich. – Barwice, 1906, leg. K., MB/VU, ŻJ/VU, EU/LC
!! P. chlorantha (Custer) Rchb. (Platanthera montana Rchb.) – Kłokowo, 1908, leg. R., MB/EN, ŻJ/E, EU/LC
PAPAVERACEAE
Chelidonium majus L. – Budowo, 1811, leg. H.
PLANTAGINACEAE
Plantago arenaria Waldst. & Kit. (Plantago ramosa Asch.) – Barlinek, 1903, leg.
K.
POACEAE
Lolium temulentum L. – Budowo, 1811, leg. H., MB/VU, ŻJ/R, EU/LC Melica uniflora Retz. – Połczyn Zdrój,?, leg. R.
POLYGONACEAE
Polygonum hydropiper L. – Budowo, 1811, leg. H., P. minus Huds. – Barwice, 1906, leg. K.
P. mite Schrank – Barwice, 29.09.1903 r., leg. R.
Rumex maritimus L. – Żydowo, 1904 r., leg. K.
RANUNCULACEAE
!! Aconitum plicatum Köhler ex Rchb. (Aconitum napellus L.) – Budowo, 1811, leg. H., EU/DD
Ranunculus acris L. – Budowo, 1811, leg. H.
R. bulbosus L. – Budowo, 1811, leg. H.
R. flammula L. – Budowo, 1811, leg. H., EU/LC R. lingua L. – Budowo, 1811, leg. H., EU/LC R. repens L. – Budowo, 1811, leg. H., EU/LC
R. reptans L. – Darłowo, 1906, leg. K., ZS/VU, MB/VU, ŻJ/VU, EU/LC R. sceleratus L. – Budowo, 1811, leg. H., Parchlin, 1903, leg. K., EU/LC R. sceleratus L. forma pygmaeus – Gołogóra, 1905, leg. K.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium L. – Barwice, 27.06. 1905, leg. K.
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Rhinanthus minor L. (Rhinanthus crista-galli L.) – Budowo, 1811, leg. H.
SOLANACEAE
Datura stramonium L. – Budowo, 1811, leg. H., MB/VU Hyoscyamus niger L. – Budowo, 1811, leg. H., MB/VU Solanum dulcamara L. em. Mill.
S. nigrum L.
SAXIFRAGACEAE
!! Saxifraga hirculus L. – Lubiatowo,?, leg. K., ZS/EN, MB/CR, ŻJ/EN, EU/DD THYMELACEAE
!! Daphne mezereum L. – Budowo, 1811, leg. H., MB/LC, ŻJ/R VIOLACEAE
!! Viola epipsila Ledeb. – Mrzeżyno, 1907, leg. R., ZS/EN, MB/EN, ŻJ/EN
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Unsere Heimat 23: 5-202.
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Ott M. 1982. Geschichte der Familie Kohlhoff. Pommerscher Greif e.V., Verein für pommersche Familien- und Ortsgeschichte, Mőnchengladbach. (mskr.).
Rőmer F. 1928. Einige Blumenkinder der Polziner Erde. Unser Pommerland 7:
283-291.
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Żukowski W., Jackowiak B. 1995. Lista roślin naczyniowych ginących i zagrożonych na Pomorzu Zachodnim i w Wielkopolsce. W: Ginące i zagrożone rośliny naczyniowe Pomorza Zachodniego i Wielkopolski. Red.
W. Żukowski, B. Jackowiak. Prace Zakładu Taksonomii Roślin UAM 3: 9-96.
INTERESTING VASCULAR FLORA IN HERBARIUM SLTC FROM SILESIA (POLAND) AT THE BEGINNING 20TH CENTURY
Sobolewska E., Sobisz Z., Truchan M.
Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Pomeranian University, Arciszewskiego 22A, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland, e-mail: ewa.sobolewska@apsl.edu.pl
ABSTRACT. The following work demonstrates some interesting findings of the research on A. Modrzejewski's herbarium that comes from Legnica (Lower Silesia) between 1916-1918. The herbarium was handed from the family as a SLTC Herbarium deposit of the Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomeranian University in Słupsk.
Introduction
The herbarium's materials are a valuable source of information about regional flora.
With reference to all the rare, endangered and extinctive species the materials are an excellent source of knowledge about their location. In case of extinctive species the materials provide historical data. SLTC Herbarium of the Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection of Akademia Pomorska in Słupsk has some reliable sources materials. It is the deposit that belongs to the Museum-The Ducal Castle in Darłowo saved after WWII. The documets are dated from 19th and 20th century.
The herbarium was taken in the late 1970s by the botanist doc. dr hab. Józef Misiewicz who worked at Akademia Pomorska, analysed the materials from the herbarium and published the findings in his work (Misiewicz, 1977). Among the authors of the materials that were not analyzed, the ones that belong to Alfons Stanisław Modrzejewski are significant because most of the plants are rare, endangered or extinctive at present. The part of the herbarium that comes from the old German set was compiled and published in 2008-2009 (Sobisz and Truchan, 2010).
In the old deposit in Darłowo there are several herbaria that are of great importance as they include plants that are rare, endangered and extinctive.They were analyzed on the basis of the accurate indication and botanical nomenclature.
Materials and methods
Names of recorded vascular plants follow Mirek et al. (2002). The considered taxa encompassed the protected species listed by the Ministry of Environmental from 20 January of 2012 (Government Regulations and Laws Gazette No 0, item 81).
Categories of threat for Lower Silesia region were quoted from Kącki,
symbols and abbreviations were used: !! - strictly protection, ! – partial protection, CR – critically endangered, EN – endangered (in direct danger of extinction), VU – vulnerable, LC – least concern. The ascription of a taxon to a given threat category is based, according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, on quantitative and quanlitative criteria (IUNC, 2001). The names of places and the names of physiographic units before 1945 were adopted from works of Kaemmerer (1988) and Battek and Szczepankiewicz-Battek (2002).
Author’s biography
Alfons Stanisław Modrzejewski was born in 1902 in Poznań, Poland. He is the son of Joseph, a railway official and Elisabeth whose maiden name is Cieślewicz. In 1904 Modrzejewski's father was transferred to Lower Silesia. Modrzejewski attended Ritter-Akademie in Legnica which was a junior high-school. His parents returned to Poznań in 1919 that is why he passed his exams in Karol Marcinkowski's Junior High School. Modrzejewski studied medical studies at Poznań University in 1920-1925, he obtained his PhD degree in 1926. In 1935-1939 he worked in Gdynia in the Polish Navy. In November 1935-1939 his family was displaced to the General Government. During WWII (1940-1945) he was the department head of the hospital in Końskie(Kielce voivodship). On July 1, 1945 he became the head of the Gynaecological-Obstetrical Department in Słupsk (Cieplik, 1998).
As a student of medical department he attended lectures delivered by professor Edward Lubicz-Niezabitowski - a famous naturalist, the dean of Poznań University. Years later Modrzejewski admitted that the professor taught him to treat nature with love and passion which made his outlook on life more optimistic.
Besides professional knowledge he was professional in plants' taxonomy.
In the 1960s Modrzejewski combined his previous interests with collecting stamps concerning plants. He classified them according to Linnaean taxonomy which is all about ranking-based biological hierarchy (orders, families, genera and species). Moreover, he divided the species according to their climate and formation. He gathered 1957 stamps in 17 stamp albums. Dr A. Modrzejewski died in Słupsk on Feb 24, 1982.
Results
The following herbarium was prepared by the young Alfons Stanisław Modrzejewski in Legnica. Most of the species come from the botanical garden which is the park at present.
Alisma plantago-aquatica L. (Alisma plantago L.) – ditch, 26.09.1917 r. EU/LC ASPLENIACAE
Asplenium adulterinum Milde – botanical garden, 1916 r., ZS/EN, KDS/CR, EU/LC
Asplenium ruta-muraria L. – wall, 18.09.1916 r.
!! Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman (Scolopendrium vulgare Smith.) – botanical garden, 15.9.1916 r., ZS/E, KDS/CR
CONVALLARIACEAE
! Convallaria majalis L. – garden, 21.05. 1916 r., ZS/VU, KDS/CR CRYPTOGRAMMACEAE
Cryptogramma crispa (L.) R. Br. – botanical garden, sierpień 1916 r.
CYPERACEAE
Carex elata All. (Carex stricta Good.) – peaty meadow, 29.05. 1917 r., EU/LC Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem & Schult (Heleocharis palustris R.Br.) – ditch, 19.06.1917 r., EU/LC
Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. (Eriophorum polystachium L.) – peatbog, 21.05.1916 r., EU/LC
Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla (Scirpus lacuster L.) – ditch, czerwiec 1917 r.
DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. – roadside, 1917 r.
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott. (Nephrodium filix-mas (L.) Rich.) – garden, 1916 r.
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott. (Aspidium acrostichoides Sw.) – botanical garden, 10.09.1916 r.
Polystichum munitum (Kaulf.) C. Presl. (Aspidium munitum Kaulf.) – botanical garden, 15.09. 1916 r.
EQUISETACEAE
Equisteum arvens e L. – field, lipiec 1916 r., EU/LC
Equisteum fluviatile L. (Equisetum limosum Willd.) – ditch, czerwiec 1916 r., EU/LC
Equisteum palustre L. – peaty meadow, 13.07.1917 r., EU/LC GINKGOACEAE
Ginkgo biloba L. – botanical garden, 1916 IRIDACEAE
Iris reichenbachii Heuff. (Iris chamaeiris var.balcana) – botanical garden, czerwiec 1917 r.
Narcissus poëticus L. – botanical garden, 22.03.1917 r.
Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. – botanical garden, 12.03.1917 r.
JUNCACEAE
Juncus articulatus L. em. K.Richt. (Juncus lamprocarpus Ehrh.) – peaty meadow,
LILIACEAE
Lilium martagon – botanical garden, 1917 r., KDS/LC Tulipa gesneriana L. – garden, kwiecień 1917 r.
LYCOPODIACEAE
Lycopodium clavatum – forest, 1917 r., EU/LC ONOCLEACEAE
Onoclea sensibilis – botanical garden, 1916 r.
OSMUNDACEAE
Osmunda regalis L. – botanical garden, 29.08. 1916 r., ZS/VU, KDS/EN POACEAE
Agrostis capillaris L. (Agrostis vulgaris With.) – meadow, 27.07.1916 r.
Alopecurus pratensis L. – meadow, 15.07. 1916 r., EU/LC Briza media L. – meadw, 1916 r.
Bromus hordaceus L (Bromus mollis L. ) – rubbish dump, 21.05. 1916 r.
Dactylis glomerata L. – roadside, 28.08.1916 r.
Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. (Aira caespitosa L.) – meadow, czerwiec 1916 r.
Holcus lanatus L. – meadow, 12.08.2016 r.
Lolium perenne L. – pasture, 5.09.1916 r., EU/LC Phalaris arundinacea L. – garden, 24.06.1917 r., EU/LC Phleum pratense L. – meadow, 6.07.1917 r.
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex. Steud.(Phragmites communis Trin.) – ditch, 7.07.1916 r.
Zea mays L. – field, 2.09.1917 r.
POLYPODIACEAE
!! Polypodium vulgare L. – forest, 23.08. 1917 r.
SINOPTERIDACEAE
Notolaena marantae (L.) Desv. – botanical garden, 29.08.1916 r.
TAXACEAE
!! Taxus baccata L. – park, 7.04.1918 r.
THELYPTERIDACEAE
Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt (Nephrodium phegopteris (L.) Baumg. – forest, 23.08.1917 r.
Thelypteris palustris Schott (Nephrodium thelypteris Desv.) – forest, 7.07.1916 r.
WOODSIACEAE
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth. – botanical garden, 29.08.1916 r.
Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz (Athyrium alpestre Rylands) – botanical garden, 29.08.1916 r.
!! Matteucia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. (Struthiopteris germanica Willd.) – botanical garden, 15.09.1916 r., KDS/VU
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ADAM ULANOWSKI – UNRECOGNIZED NATURALIST