Péter Adamik Zoltán Pásztory Innovation Center University of Sopron Bajcsy-Zsilinszky street 4.
H-9400 Sopron
adamikp15@student.uni-sopron.hu
Abstract: Wood steaming is large energy consuming process, which results high cost and has high CO2
emission. Because of these two reasons the reduction of energy consumption is desired and important in terms of minimizing cost and carbon-dioxide emission. In this study steaming chamber was examined which works in a wood processing factory in western part of Hungary. Transmitting and filtrated energy loss was measured by means of infrared camera and flux meters. Measurement were done in original condition and after data analyses several changes were done on the chamber than the results was measured again.
Highlighted lines of heat loss were the edge of the door, where the sealing was changed and resulted significant reduction of filtrated heat loss. The average transmitting thermal loss was 71.3 W/m2 in PUR sandwich panel and 415.5 W/m2 in the concrete foundation. In case of restoration of such a steaming chamber the crucial points are the sealing of doors and the foundation.
Keywords: steaming, beech, measurement, energy consumption
1. Introduction
There are some sector of woodworking industry are in tight position between the increasing price of raw material and energy and the selling price of produced product determinate by the market. Sawing mills needs either high amount and high production capacity and/or further processing of semi products different value added technics such as drying planning or steaming. Wood steaming is a large energy consuming process, what’s results high cost for the factory. The steaming technology needs high amount of thermal energy and it is well known that producing thermic energy results high amount of carbon-dioxide emission, in addition the transportation of steam has a high loss ratio. From these aspects the reduction of used steam amount is desired. The thermal loss is determined by the technical condition of the chamber and the pipe line of steam transport. The examination of steaming chamber is important for explore the most critical parts and for replace this parts for decrease undesirable thermal loss.
The main result of steaming treatment is the discolour of wood, if there is some change in the treatment schedule, then it can show the consequences in colour.
The energy consumed for steaming is affected by the time of schedule, lumber’s thickness, species of wood, outside temperature, type of steaming, and the condition of chamber. In this study the main targeted areas are schedule, and chamber’s condition.
2. Material and methods
2.1 Measurements
Working steaming chamber were investigated in terms of heat loss in the surface of the chamber. Thermo vision and thermal flux measurement have been done. The used devices are Fluke TiR3FT infrared camera with the resolution of 0.1 Celsius, Ahlborn Almemo 2590 data collecting, thermal flux sensor, calibrated temperature sensor. The measurement was done during the steaming process was running in calm weather without significant wind and air temperature change. Background temperature was set to the measured air temperature and the emission value of the surface was set 0.25 which fits to the dirty rough aluminium surface. The setting of emission was done by measuring the surface temperature by tactile thermometer and the thermos vision camera emission value was changed until the same temperature was achieved. After taking the thermo images the pictures was adjusted and analysed be the Smart View software belonging to the themo image system. The software provided the possibility to do the section of a line on the image. See Figure 1, the graph shows the thermal value of the line drawn to the themo image [Fig 1.].
For thermo flux measurement flux meter was fixed to the surface of the chamber. The instantaneous values were hectic changing by the time within a range, although the wind speed on the surface was near to zero.
For compensating this variation of the flux value, high number of measurement were run in every 15 seconds and the results was generated as the average of close to hundred data.
The thermo flux measurement made by thermometer, heat flux sensor placed different places of the chamber outer surface. The outside temperature become from thermometer, the inside is from the electrical guide, and controlled with heat flux measure. In the choice of flux measurements area [Fig 2] is important the average value, and need to keep distance the corners, and inlets.
Figure 1 Infrared picture and the function about the white line
Figure 2 Thermo flux measurement point on chamber’s surface
3. Results
3.1 Infrared pictures
The high resolution infrared images show places with different surface temperatures. The places the red strips cab be seen are the heat bridges resulted mostly filtrated steam from inside. The inside and outside temperature is much difference under the steaming schedule on the chamber’s wall. The heat loss become by filtrating and transmitting mods. The first we examined the larger values, like in sealing of the chamber’s door. The high temperature in picture show filtration heat loss, then it need changed. The returned measure is revealing the difference [Fig 3].
The functions [Fig 4.] show the temperature in the white line, and the area is under function line is balanced the heat loss in this distance.
Figure 3 Chamber door’s temperature before and after the change of seal
Linear thermal transmittance of the designated line. The change of sealing results significant temperature decrease which derives from less steam loss.
3.2 Transmission heat loss
The transmission heat loss rates are too much under the total energy waste. Transmission heat loss is there on surface, on corners (linear thermal transmittance), and it appear on points. The measured values are on the surface.
Table 1 Measured heat flux in different point of chamber. The point 1 and 2 is on the PUR panel
4.Conclusions
The heat loss, and energy waste increases the costs and carbon dioxide emission. At steaming treatment, we could measure those points, where can decrease the consuming. The seal of chamber’s door is a high filtration transmitting area, its change was quick possibility for good results. Another high-risk place is the wall and foundation connection of the chamber. In continuous measure we can demonstate, the grown-up isolation how can increase the energy efficiency.
5. Acknowledgements
The work was carried out as part of the „Sustainable Raw Material Management Thematic Network – RING 2017”, EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00010 project in the framework of the Széchenyi 2020 Program. This project is supported by the European Union, co-financed by the European Social Fund.
Surface Measuring point 1
Measuring point 2
Concrete foundation Average heat flux
[W/m²] 69.7 72.3 415.5
ºC ºC
cm cm
Figure 4 The temperature function before and after seal change
6. References
Barański J., Klement I., Vikovská T., Konopka A. (2017) „High temperature drying process of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) with different zones of sapwood and red false heartwood”, BioResources 12 (1), 1861-1870
Majka J., Olek W. (2007) „Effects of european beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood steaming on sorption properties and klin-drying intensity”. Folia Forestalia Apolonica 38., 55-65.
Németh R., Ott Á., Takáts P., Bak M. (2013) „The effect of moisture content and drying temperature ont he colour of two populars and robinia wood”. BioResources 8 (2) 2074-2083.
Taghiyari H.R., Talaei A., Karimi A. (2011) „A correlation between the gas and liquid permeabilites of beech wood heat-treated in hot water and steam mediums”. Ciencia y tecnología 13. (3): 329-336. Maderas.
Tolvaj L., Molnár S., Takáts P., Németh R. (2006) „A bükk (Fagus silvatica L.) faanyag fehér- és színes gesztje színének változása a gőzölési idő és a hőmérséklet függvényében”. Faipar 54 (2) 3-4.
Tolvaj L., Németh R., Varga D., Molnár S. (2009) „Colour homogenisation of beech wood by steam treatment” Drewno – Wood 52. 181
III. RING – Fenntartható Nyersanyag-gazdálkodás Tudományos Konferencia
Mérnöki és Smart Technológiák Intézet, Környezetmérnök Tanszék Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Műszaki és Informatikai Kar
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gyorfinina@gmail.com Nádasdi Lili
Mérnöki és Smart Technológiák Intézet, Környezetmérnök Tanszék Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Műszaki és Informatikai Kar
Mérnöki és Smart Technológiák Intézet, Mérnöki Matematika Tanszék Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Műszaki és Informatikai Kar
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klincsik@mik.pte.hu Sári Zoltán
Informatika és Villamos Intézet, Műszaki Informatika Tanszék Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Műszaki és Informatikai Kar
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odrya@uniduna.hu Odry Péter
Informatikai Intézet, Számítógéprendszerek és Irányítástechnikai Tanszék Dunaújvárosi Egyetem
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podry@uniduna.hu