9. International breeding trends and the most important new cultivars of nuts Author: Géza Bujdosó
9.23 Hazelnut cultivars not recommended for cultivation in Hungary
Cultivars that are not recommended for Hungarian cultivation are of Mediterranean origin, therefore their growing is unsafe under Hungarian ecological conditions because of their winter hardiness and early blooming (Table 9.2).
Table 9.2. Hazelnut cultivars whose growing is unsafe under Hungarian climatic conditions Cultivar name Longue
1. Describe the history of Hungarian walnut breeding!
2. What are the major aims of walnut breeding?
3. What are the most important genetic sources of walnut?
4. What breeding methods can be used in walnut breeding?
5. What are the dangers and international experiences of naturalization?
6. What is the significance of intespecific hybrids?
7. What are the major cultivar trends in the important walnut producing countries of the world?
8. What are the trends of breeding and cultivation use in the major European walnut producing countries?
9. What are the criteria of an ideal walnut cultivar?
10. What are the most important characterictics of the Hungarian walnut population, that can be used in breeding?
11. Describe the major characteristics of Hungarian walnut cultivars!
12. Describe the Ukrainian walnut cultivars and their most important characteristics!
13. Describe the Slovenian walnut cultivars and their most important characteristics!
14. Describe the French walnut cultivars and their most important characteristics!
15. Describe the Serbian walnut cultivars and their most important characteristics!
16. Describe the Bulgarian and the American walnut cultivars and their most important characteristics!
17. Describe the Romanian walnut cultivars and their most important characteristics!
18. On the base of what aspects can we exclude a foreign walnut cultivar from the Hungarian cultivation?
Chestnut
1. Which breeding methods can be used for creating chestnut cultivars? Evaluate the success of each breading methods!
2. Which breeding methods were used in Hungarian chestnut breeding?
3. Which chestnut species can be used in chestnut breeding? Evaluate them!
4. Which breeding aims should be considered in chestnut breeding?
5. Describe the cultivar trends of the most significant chestnut producing countries.
6. Describe the Hungarian chestnut cultivar use.
7. Which are the most famous chestnut cultivars bred in Hungary?
8. Describe and evaluate with their most important pomological features those chestnut cultivars, which have been bred abroad, but can be promising as potential cultivars in Hungarian ecological conditions.
9. What is the first obstacle for the naturalization of chestnut cultivars in the territory of Hungary?
Hazelnut
1. Describe the brief history of hazelnut cultivation.
2. What are the major aims of hazelnut breeding?
3. What genetic sources do researchers use in hazelnut breeding?
4. What are the major hazelnut producing countries?
5. What are the most popular cultivars in the major hazelnut growing countries?
6. What are the major cultivar trends in hazelnut cultivation?
7. Describe the Hungarian hazelnut cultivar use.
8. Specify and briefly describe the major hazelnut cultivars bred in Hungary.
9. What are the most promising foreign and Hungarian hazelnut cultivars?
10. Why can‘t we cultivate a number of foreign varieties in Hungary?
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