Toxicity was measured by the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition test.
ToxAlert®100 luminometer developed by Merck was used in compliance with ISO/EN/DIN 11348, using freeze-dried bacteria (Anon, 1999). The luminometer calculates the inhibition effect (Ht) of the samples automatically in % values.
Results and Discussion:
Figures 32-35 show that the pH, soluble phosphate, total nitrogen, and total soluble salts measurements of the samples are between the allowed limits. Therefore, indicate no harm to the environment.
67 Fig. 32: pH measurements of the samples
Fig. 33: Soluble phosphate measurements of the samples
7.5 7.55 7.6 7.65 7.7 7.75 7.8 7.85 7.9 7.95 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
pH
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
mg/l
Site
Soluble phosphate
68 Fig. 34: Total nitrogen measurements of the samples
Fig. 35: Total soluble salts measurements of the samples
Figure 36 and table 3 show that COD and TOC measurements of the samples are under the allowed limits while the BOD5 values are exceeding the allowed environmental limits. COD/BOD or BOD/TOC ratio showed that most of the effluent organic compounds and substances are easily biodegradable and in bioavailable form, except at
0 5 10 15 20 25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ppm
Site
TN
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ppm
Site
TSS
69 site 3. COD/TOC values showed that the effluent contains a lot of organic-origin compounds. This means that all the organic material present in the water will be broken down biologically more or less in 5 days.
Fig. 36: BOD5, COD and TOC measurements of the samples Sample ID COD/TOC COD/BOD5 BOD5/TOC
1 1.0115808 0.71354167 1.41768982 2 1.0242298 0.62777778 1.63151655 3 3.0617166 2.26282051 1.35305322 4 1.0733471 0.78846154 1.36131831 5 1.4626657 0.65530303 2.23204472
6 1.0014997 0.609375 1.64348666
7 1.9608632 1.21875 1.60891338
8 1.1915294 0.54642857 2.18057667
Table 3: Results of wastewater samples analysis from Bahr El-Baqar drain
On the contrary, figure 37 shows that the samples from sites 1, 6, 7 and 8 exhibit high toxicity levels while the toxicity of samples from sites 2, 3, 4 and 5 were at environmental tolerable level.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(mg/l)
Site
BOD5 COD TOC
70 Fig. 37: Toxicity measurements of the samples
The results proved that the physical and chemicals analysis are not enough to give an indication on the wastewater toxicity and prediction of the wastewater behavior in the aquatic ecosystem, and in turn its hazardous environmental impact. Therefore, the toxicity tests have an important role in water quality monitoring and control, in supporting decision-making and in forming the environmental regulations.
Toxicity tests should be incorporated into the water quality standards and environmental regulations, and the existing standards should be revised to include toxicity tests. The authorities should take urgent measures to treat Bahr El-Baqar wastewater before reaching El-Manzala Lake and forbid the people in the surrounding areas from using it or discharging any more pollutants.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
% Inhibition
Toxicity
71
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