About the database

What can be found in the database? In the database there are 24889 questionnaires from 32 higher education institutions. These people graduated in 2007, 2009 and 2011. I used two pieces of information from this database: the residence of the person when they were 14-year-old and the residence of their workplace. The first chart shows how many questionnaires were returned from different institutions.

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Figure 2 Number of Questionnaires of higher education

The return rate was 15%. Pázmány Péter Catholic University (PPCU) has the highest rate of return- 45%. Most of the questionnaires came back from Eötvös Loránd University (ELU), in spite of the fact that this university had most of the students. University of Debrecen (UD) has the greatest number of university students, but in spite of this fact they sent back the least number of questionnaires. The other higher education institution, which also has a high number of students, but the number of the returned questionnaires is lower, is Budapest Business School (BBS).

3. Methodology

The Hungarian Graduate Tracking System database is from 2012. The SPSS program was used to make cross table analysis with the data of place of residence at the age of 14 years, the current residence related to the workplace and the Hungarian higher education institution. I drew a map presenting the results; it can help in explaining the differences.

This database is indeed adequate because it contains detailed information about the place of residence and not about subregions or regions. Therefore a detailed map indicating what is more adequate (Híves 1994). Next, I am going to present two groups, the first includes the large institutions of higher education in Budapest, the other group includes the special higher education institutions. There is an extra point in my article about the Hungarian medical education and medical universities. The groups took into account the student numbers, the number of returned questionnaires and Ildikó Hrubos's higher education typology (Hrubos 2012).

117 4. Results

The first group is about the huge higher education institutions in the capital city. This map presents Eötvös Loránd University (ELU), Corvinus University of Budapest (CUB) and Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BUTE). This slide shows that students who have chosen one of the great higher education institutions of Budapest and which settlements they come from. The bigger round on the settlements means greater students number who went to capital's greater universities and we can see the rate in the round among the analyzed universities.

Figure 3 The residence of the student (at the age of 14) from Budapest's largest institutions of higher education

You can see in the picture the students of Budapest studying in the largest higher educational institutions in the capital and in the largest towns and county seats. Eötvös Loránd University has the largest proportion with more than 50% Corvinus University of Budapest has the second largest proportion and Budapest University of Technology and Economics has the smallest proportion. The majority of students come from Székesfehérvár and Gyır. Székesfehérvár is close to the capital, and there is not an important institution of higher education. Gyır is far away from the capital, but there is good public transport, it has a university, but it does not offer a great variety of training. If you look at the cities you can see where classical universities work (Debrecen, Szeged, Pécs).

The largest proportion of Budapest University of Technology and Economics is in Pécs.

Eötvös Loránd University has not a big dominance in Szeged and Debrecen. Corvinus

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University of Budapest has a higher proportion in Zalaegerszeg, Szolnok, Eger and Nyíregyháza. We can see that most of the students who come from small villages will never go back there.

In the slide you can find the residence of the current workplace of the students from the three institutions of higher education. The rate has changed in the capital. The rate of Budapest Univesity of Technology and Economics and Corvinus University of Budapest has increased.

Figure 4 The workplace settlements of graduates from Budapest's largest institutions of higher education

Many students did not go back to their settlements and hence we can not find smaller settlements on the map. Only the larger towns and county seats are visible. High graduate rate can be characterized in Gyır, Székesfehérvár and Kecskemét. Budapest University of Technology and Economics is dominant in many cities, including Gyır, Szombathely, Veszprém and Szeged. Eötvös Loránd University is dominant in Sopron, Miskolc and Pécs.

Corvinus University of Budapest can be characterized with less dominance in the countryside, and only Zalaegerszeg and Eger is more important.

This slide represents the special higher education institutions in the capital. These are Budapest Business School (BBS), Pázmány Péter Catholic University (PPCU) and National University of Public Service (NUPS). PPCU has the greatest number of returned questionnaires, but the student's numbers does not justify its classification in the first group.

119 The high return rate of PPCU does not affect the rural rates. PPCU has the largest proportion in Budapest due to the high number of the returned questionnaires. This slide helps us to show where the students come from into these institutions.

Figure 5 The residence of the students (at the age of 14) from Budapest special institutions of higher education

If we look at the map and see that there are many students coming to Budapest from Székesfehérvár. Budapest Business School has a strong dominance in rural areas in the western part of the country, such as Szombathely, Zalaegerszeg and Pécs. Furthermore it dominates in the northern part in Eger and Miskolc. The National University of Public Service is dominant in the south eastern part in the larger cities, such as Szolnok, Kecskemet, Debrecen and Szeged. Of course in this figure lot of small towns also appear.

Next figure shows places students with three degrees can find a job. Pázmány Péter Catholic University has a smaller proportion in the capital, as we could see in the previous figure. Many students can find work in Budapest, and a few students need to go back to the countryside. National University of Public Service is very dominant in the countryside, there are only a few other settlements where the dominant institution is different just like this.

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Figure 6 The workplace settlements of graduates from special institutions of higher education

First, let's take a look at where National University of Public Service has a more important rate. It has in Veszprém, Kaposvár, Pécs, Szeged, Miskolc and Békéscsaba. Debrecen has a very special position, because few students went back there and they are also only from this university. Budapest Business School has a larger proportion in Zalaegerszeg, Keszthely, Salgótarján and Eger. Pázmány Péter Catholic University has a larger proportion in Budapest, in the agglomeration and in Kecskemét, Esztergom and in Salgótarján. In this topic, we can not find small villages and towns, because they have no suitable job opportunities.

The next two figures show universities of medicine. First, I will show the regions from where those students come to these universities. There are only four universities of medicine in Hungary. In Budapest- Semmelweis University, the other three universities are located in Debrecen, Pécs and Szeged.

121 Figure 7 The residence of the medical university students (at the age of 14)

Semmelweis University gathers students from the northern part of the country and students from Transdanubia. This university has some students from the whole country. University of Pécs catchment area extends to the Western part. Some students arrive from Ózd and Hódmezıvásárhely. University of Szeged has some affect on the South Plains region and some affect on the North Hungary region, because some students come from Eger, Ózd and Sátoraljaújhely. Debrecen has an affect only in its own region and in the North of Hungary. Only few students go to rural universities from the capital, mainly to Pécs.

The next map shows where the students with degree can take a job. Primarily they go to the city, where a hospital is also located.

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Figure 8 The workplace settlements of graduated as a doctor

Budapest and Debrecen have a power to attract students to take a job there. Although any doctors went to work to the capital. It can be said based on the map that all medical trainings supply doctors for their own region. I can say there are few settlements to where, - after graduation - the students returned back, such as Sopron, Gyır or Eger.

5. Summary

The Hungarian Graduate Tracking System database has a limited application opportunity for territorial mobility, because it does not include the totality of graduated students. Hence it is not possible to show the total proportion of graduated students. But you can see the location of the student's and graduate's workplace.In the case of the capital's major institutions, ELU is dominant in the capital, but has less extent in the countryside. A greater proportion of the students of Budapest University of Technology and Economics go abroad.

The specialized training institution, the Budapest Business School is dominant in the western part of the country, while the eastern part of the country is dominated by the National University of Public Service; in that case if we take into account the student’s residence at the age of 14. In the case of the workplace National University of Public Service is the dominant.University of Szeged has some affect on medical training in the Northern region of Hungary. We can realize some migration of the graduated students to among the medical centers, and not among the smaller towns or villages. Budapest and Debrecen doctors has some “keeping power”.

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