• Nem Talált Eredményt

1. Kerr JF, Wyllie AH, Currie AR (1972) Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. British Journal of Cancer 26:

239-257.

2. Metzstein MM, Stanfield GM, Horvitz HR (1998) Genetics of programmed cell death in C. elegans: Past, present and future. Trends in Genetics 14: 410-416.

3. Clarke PGH (1990) Developmental cell death: Morphological diversity and multiple mechanisms. Anatomy and Embryology 181: 195-213. Tyrphostin induces non-apoptotic programmed cell death in colon tumor cells.

1995 19: 903-911.

7. Majno G, Joris I (1995) Apoptosis, oncosis, and necrosis: An overview of cell death.

American Journal of Pathology 146: 3-15.

8. Lemasters JJ (1999) V. Necrapoptosis and the mitochondrial permeability transition:

shared pathways to necrosis and apoptosis. The American journal of physiology 276.

9. Li M, Beg AA (2000) Induction of necrotic-like cell death by tumor necrosis factor alpha and caspase inhibitors: Novel mechanism for killing virus-infected cells.

Journal of Virology 74: 7470-7477.

10. Sperandio S, De Belle I, Bredesen DE (2000) An alternative, nonapoptotic form of programmed cell death. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97: 14376-14381.

11. Borst P, Rottenberg S (2004) Cancer cell death by programmed necrosis? Drug Resistance Updates 7: 321-324.

12. Degterev A, Huang Z, Boyce M, Li Y, Jagtap P, Mizushima N, Cuny GD, Mitchison TJ, Moskowitz MA, Yuan J (2005) Chemical inhibitor of nonapoptotic cell death with therapeutic potential for ischemic brain injury.

Nature chemical biology 1: 112-119.

13. Hitomi J, Christofferson DE, Ng A, Yao J, Degterev A, Xavier RJ, Yuan J (2008) Identification of a Molecular Signaling Network that Regulates a Cellular Necrotic Cell Death Pathway. Cell 135: 1311-1323.

14. Vandenabeele P, Galluzzi L, Vanden Berghe T, Kroemer G (2010) Molecular mechanisms of necroptosis: An ordered cellular explosion. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 11: 700-714.

17. Abraham MC, Lu Y, Shaham S (2007) A Morphologically Conserved Nonapoptotic Program Promotes Linker Cell Death in Caenorhabditis elegans. Developmental Cell 12: 73-86.

18. Kumar A, Rothman J (2007) Cell Death: Hook, Line and Linker. Current Biology 17.

19. Kroemer G, El-Deiry WS, Golstein P, Peter ME, Vaux D, Vandenabeele P, Zhivotovsky B, Blagosklonny MV, Malorni W, Knight RA, Piacentini M, Nagata S, Melino G (2005) Classification of cell death: Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death. Cell Death and Differentiation 12:

1463-1467.

20. Imre G, Dunai Z, Petak I, Mihalik R (2007) Cystein cathepsin and Hsp90 activities determine the balance between apoptotic and necrotic cell death pathways in caspase-compromised U937 cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell Research 1773: 1546-1557.

21. Casares N, Pequignot MO, Tesniere A, Ghiringhelli F, Roux S, Chaput N, Schmitt E, Hamai A, Hervas-Stubbs S, Obeid M, Coutant F, Metivier D, Pichard E, Aucouturier P, Pierron G, Garrido C, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G (2005)

Caspase-dependent immunogenicity of doxorubicin-induced tumor cell death. Journal of Experimental Medicine 202: 1691-1701.

22. Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Vandenabeele P, Abrams J, Alnemri ES, Baehrecke EH, Blagosklonny MV, El-Deiry WS, Golstein P, Green DR, Hengartner M, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lipton SA, Malorni W, Nunez G, Peter ME, Tschopp J, Yuan J, Piacentini M, Zhivotovsky B, Melino G (2009) Classification of cell death:

Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2009. Cell Death and Differentiation 16: 3-11.

23. Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Abrams JM, Alnemri ES, Baehrecke EH, Blagosklonny MV, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, El-Deiry WS, Fulda S, Gottlieb E, Green DR, Hengartner MO, Kepp O, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lipton SA, Lu X, Madeo F, Malorni W, Mehlen P, Nunez G, Peter ME, Piacentini M, Rubinsztein DC, Shi Y, Simon HU, Vandenabeele P, White E, Yuan J, Zhivotovsky B, Melino G, Kroemer G (2012) Molecular definitions of cell death subroutines:

Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2012. Cell Death and Differentiation 19: 107-120.

24. Wyllie AH, Kerr JFR, Currie AR (1980) Cell death: The significance of apoptosis.

International Review of Cytology VOL. 68: 251-306.

25. Silva MT Secondary necrosis: The natural outcome of the complete apoptotic program. FEBS Letters 584: 4491-4499.

26. Yuan J (2009) Neuroprotective strategies targeting apoptotic and necrotic cell death for stroke. Apoptosis 14: 469-477.

27. Mareninova OA, Sung KF, Hong P, Lugea A, Pandol SJ, Gukovsky I, Gukovskaya AS (2006) Cell death in pancreatitis: Caspases protect from necrotizing pancreatitis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 281: 3370-3381.

28. Zhang X, Chen Y, Jenkins LW, Kochanek PM, Clark RSB (2005) Bench-to-bedside review: Apoptosis/programmed cell death triggered by traumatic brain injury.

Critical Care 9: 66-75.

29. McCully JD, Wakiyama H, Hsieh YJ, Jones M, Levitsky S (2004) Differential contribution of necrosis and apoptosis in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology 286:

H1923-H1935.

30. West T, Atzeva M, Holtzman DM (2006) Caspase-3 deficiency during development increases vulnerability to hypoxic-ischemic injury through caspase-3-independent pathways. Neurobiology of Disease 22: 523-537.

31. Beattie G, Siriwardena A (2000) Bacterial infection and extent of necrosis are determinants of organ failure in patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. The British Journal of Surgery 87: 250.

32. Lancerotto L, Tocco I, Salmaso R, Vindigni V, Bassetto F (2012) Necrotizing fasciitis: classification, diagnosis, and management. The Journal of Trauma Acute Care Surgery 72: 560-566.

33. Fokas E, McKenna WG, Muschel RJ (2012) The impact of tumor microenvironment on cancer treatment and its modulation by direct and indirect antivascular strategies. Cancer Metastasis Review 31: 823-842.

34. Cairo MS, Bishop M (2004) Tumour lysis syndrome: New therapeutic strategies and classification. British Journal of Haematology 127: 3-11.

35. McCall K (2010) Genetic control of necrosis-another type of programmed cell death. Current Opinion in Cell Biology 22: 882-888.

36. Zong WX, Ditsworth D, Bauer DE, Wang ZQ, Thompson CB (2004) Alkylating programmed cell death. Current Opinion in Cell Biology 22: 263-268.

39. Fixsen W, Sternberg P, Ellis H, Horvitz R (1985) Genes that affect cell fates during the development of Caenorhabditis elegans. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 50: 99-104.

40. Cecconi F (1999) Apaf1 and the apoptotic machinery. Cell Death and Differentiation 6: 1087-1098.

41. Richardson H, Kumar S (2002) Death to flies: Drosophila as a model system to study programmed cell death. Journal of Immunological Methods 265: 21-28.

42. Thornberry NA, Lazebnik Y (1998) Caspases: Enemies within. Science 281: 1312-1316.

43. Cohen GM (1997) Caspases: The executioners of apoptosis. Biochemical Journal 326: 1-16.

44. Walker NP, Talanian RV, Brady KD, Dang LC, Bump NJ, Ferenz CR, Franklin S, Ghayur T, Hackett MC, Hammill LD (1994) Crystal structure of the cysteine protease interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme: a (p20/p10)2 homodimer. Cell 78: 343-352.

45. Rotonda J, Nicholson DW, Fazil KM, Gallant M, Gareau Y, Labelle M, Peterson EP, Rasper DM, Ruel R, Vaillancourt JP, Thornberry NA, Becker JW (1996) The three-dimensional structure of apopain/CPP32, a key mediator of apoptosis.

Nature Structural Biology 3: 619-625.

46. Earnshaw WC, Martins LM, Kaufmann SH (1999) Mammalian caspases: structure, activation, substrates, and functions during apoptosis. Annual Review of Biochemistry 68: 383-424.

47. Fesik SW (2000) Insights into programmed cell through structural biology. Cell 103: 273-282.

48. Lavrik IN, Golks A, Krammer PH (2005) Caspase: Pharmacological manipulation of cell death. Journal of Clinical Investigation 115: 2665-2672.

49. Ashkenazi A, Dixit VM (1998) Death receptors: Signaling and modulation. Science 281: 1305-1308. proteases mediate apoptosis-like cell death and phagocytosis under caspase-inhibiting conditions. Cell Death and Differentiation 10: 1188-1203.

53. Yuan J, Kroemer G Alternative cell death mechanisms in development and beyond.

Genes and Development 24: 2592-2602.

54. Chipuk JE, Green DR (2005) Do inducers of apoptosis trigger caspase-independent cell death? Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 6: 268-275.

55. Kroemer G, Martin SJ (2005) Caspase-independent cell death. Nature Medicine 11:

725-730.

56. Kitanaka C, Kuchino Y (1999) Caspase-independent programmed cell death with necrotic morphology. Cell Death and Differentiation 6: 508-515.

57. Dunai ZA, Imre G, Barna G, Korcsmaros T, Petak I, Bauer PI, Mihalik R (2012) Staurosporine induces necroptotic cell death under caspase-compromised conditions in U937 cells. PLoS ONE 7.

58. Silva MT (2010) Secondary necrosis: The natural outcome of the complete apoptotic program. FEBS Letters 584: 4491-4499.

59. Henson PM, Hume DA (2006) Apoptotic cell removal in development and tissue homeostasis. Trends in Immunology 27: 244-250.

60. Krysko DV, D'Herde K, Vandenabeele P (2006) Clearance of apoptotic and necrotic cells and its immunological consequences. Apoptosis 11: 1709-1726.

61. Erwig LP, Henson PM (2008) Clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. Cell Death and Differentiation 15: 243-250.

62. Lauber K, Bohn E, Krober SM, Xiao YJ, Blumenthal SG, Lindemann RK, Marini P, Wiedig C, Zobywalski A, Baksh S, Xu Y, Autenrieth IB, Schulze-Osthoff K, Belka C, Stuhler G, Wesselborg S (2003) Apoptotic cells induce migration of phagocytes via caspase-3-mediated release of a lipid attraction signal. Cell 113:

717-730.

63. Elliott MR, Chekeni FB, Trampont PC, Lazarowski ER, Kadl A, Walk SF, Park D, Woodson RI, Ostankovich M, Sharma P, Lysiak JJ, Harden TK, Leitinger N, Ravichandran KS (2009) Nucleotides released by apoptotic cells act as a find-me signal to promote phagocytic clearance. Nature 461: 282-286.

64. Brown S, Heinisch I, Ross E, Shaw K, Buckley CO, Savill J (2002) Apoptosis disables CD31-mediated cell detachment from phagocytes promoting binding and engulfment. Nature 418: 200-203.

65. Walker NI, Bennett RE, Kerr JF (1989) Cell death by apoptosis during involution of the lactating breast in mice and rats. The American Journal of Phatology 185:

19-32.

66. Silva MT, Do Vale A, Dos Santos NMN (2008) Secondary necrosis in multicellular animals: An outcome of apoptosis with pathogenic implications. Apoptosis 13:

463-482.

67. Scott RS, McMahon EJ, Pop SM, Reap EA, Caricchio R, Cohen PL, Shelton Earp Cuny GD, Yuan C, Wagner G, Hedrick SM, Gerber SA, Lugovskoy A, Yuan J (2008) Identification of RIP1 kinase as a specific cellular target of necrostatins.

Nature Chemical Biology 4: 313-321.

72. Sun L, Wang H, Wang Z, He S, Chen S, Liao D, Wang L, Yan J, Liu W, Lei X, Wang X (2011) Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein mediates necrosis signaling downstream of RIP3 kinase. Cell 148: 213-227.

73. Wang Z, Jiang H, Chen S, Du F, Wang X (2012) The mitochondrial phosphatase PGAM5 functions at the convergence point of multiple necrotic death pathways.

Cell 148: 228-243.

74. Andera L (2009) Signaling activated by the death receptors of the TNFR family.

Biomedical Papers 153: 173-180.

75. Dunai Z, Bauer PI, Mihalik R (2011) Necroptosis: Biochemical, physiological and pathological aspects. Pathology and Oncology Research 17: 791-800.

76. Micheau O, Tschopp J (2003) Induction of TNF receptor I-mediated apoptosis via two sequential signaling complexes. Cell 114: 181-190.

77. Chen ZJ (2005) Ubiquitin signalling in the NF-kB pathway. Nature Cell Biology 7:

758-765.

78. Wang C, Deng L, Hong M, Akkaraju GR, Inoue JI, Chen ZJ (2001) TAK1 is a ubiquitin-dependent kinase of MKK and IKK. Nature 412: 346-351.

79. Lee TH, Shank J, Cusson N, Kelliher MA (2004) The kinase activity of Rip1 is not required for tumor necrosis factor-a-induced IkB kinase or p38 MAP kinase

activation or for the ubiquitination of Rip1 by Traf2. Journal of Biological Chemistry 279: 33185-33191.

80. Wartz IE, O'Rourke KM, Zhou H, Eby M, Aravind L, Seshagiri S, Wu P, Wiesmann C, Baker R, Boone DL, Ma A, Koonin EV, Dixit VM (2004) De-ubiquitination and ubiquitin ligase domains of A20 downregulate NF-kB signalling. Nature 430: 694-699.

81. Feoktistova M, Geserick P, Kellert B, Dimitrova D, Langlais C, Hupe M, Cain K, MacFarlane M, Häcker G, Leverkus M (2011) CIAPs Block Ripoptosome Formation, a RIP1/Caspase-8 Containing Intracellular Cell Death Complex Differentially Regulated by cFLIP Isoforms. Molecular Cell 43: 449-463.

82. Tenev T, Bianchi K, Darding M, Broemer M, Langlais C, Wallberg F, Zachariou A, Lopez J, MacFarlane M, Cain K, Meier P (2011) The Ripoptosome, a Signaling Platform that Assembles in Response to Genotoxic Stress and Loss of IAPs.

Molecular Cell 43: 689.

83. Imre G, Larisch S, Rajalingam K (2011) Ripoptosome: A novel IAP-regulated cell death-signalling platform. Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 3: 324-326.

84. Chang DW, Xing Z, Pan Y, Algeciras-Schimnich A, Barnhart BC, Yaish-Ohad S, Peter ME, Yang X (2002) c-FLIP(L) is a dual function regulator for caspase-8 activation and CD95-mediated apoptosis. EMBO Journal 21: 3704-3714.

85. Vucic D, Dixit VM, Wertz IE (2011) Ubiquitylation in apoptosis: A post-translational modification at the edge of life and death. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 12: 439-452.

86. Tamm I, Kornblau SM, Segall H, Krajewski S, Welsh K, Kitada S, Scudiero DA, Tudor G, Qui YH, Monks A, Andreeff M, Reed JC (2000) Expression and prognostic significance of IAP-family genes in human cancers and myeloid leukemias. Clinical Cancer Research 6: 1796-1803.

87. Vaux DL, Silke J (2003) Mammalian mitochondrial IAP binding proteins.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 304: 499-504.

88. Varfolomeev E, Blankenship JW, Wayson SM, Fedorova AV, Kayagaki N, Garg P, Zobel K, Dynek JN, Elliott LO, Wallweber HJA, Flygare JA, Fairbrother WJ, Deshayes K, Dixit VM, Vucic D (2007) IAP Antagonists Induce

Autoubiquitination of c-IAPs, NF-kB Activation, and TNFa-Dependent Apoptosis. Cell 131: 669-681.

89. Sun X, Yin J, Starovasnik MA, Fairbrother WJ, Dixit VM (2002) Identification of a novel homotypic interaction motif required for the phosphorylation of receptor-interacting protein (RIP) by RIP3. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277: 9505-9511.

90. Galluzzi L, Kepp O, Kroemer G (2009) RIP kinases initiate programmed necrosis.

Journal of molecular cell biology 1: 8-10.

91. Cho Y, Challa S, Moquin D, Genga R, Ray TD, Guildford M, Chan FKM (2009) Phosphorylation-Driven Assembly of the RIP1-RIP3 Complex Regulates Programmed Necrosis and Virus-Induced Inflammation. Cell 137: 1112-1123.

92. Vanlangenakker N, Vanden Berghe T, Krysko DV, Festjens N, Vandenabeele P (2008) Molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of necrotic cell death.

Current Molecular Medicine 8: 207-220.

93. Temkin V, Huang Q, Liu H, Osada H, Pope RM (2006) Inhibition of ADP/ATP exchange in receptor-interacting protein-mediated necrosis. Molecular and Cellular Biology 26: 2215-2225.

94. Nakagawa T, Shimizu S, Watanabe T, Yamaguchi O, Otsu K, Yamagata H, Inohara H, Kubo T, Tsujimoto Y (2005) Cyclophilin D-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition regulates some necrotic but not apoptotic cell death.

Nature 434: 652-658.

95. Lim SY, Davidson SM, Mocanu MM, Yellon DM, Smith CCT (2007) The cardioprotective effect of necrostatin requires the cyclophilin-D component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy 21: 467-469.

96. Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Brenner C (2007) Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization in cell death. Physiological Reviews 87: 99-163.

97. Zhang DW, Shao J, Lin J, Zhang N, Lu BJ, Lin SC, Dong MQ, Han J (2009) RIP3, an energy metabolism regulator that switches TNF-induced cell death from apoptosis to necrosis. Science 325: 332-336.

98. Kim YS, Morgan MJ, Choksi S, Liu Zg (2007) TNF-Induced Activation of the independent effects of necrostatin-1 in necrosis and T cell activation. PLoS ONE 6: e23209.

102. Peter ME (2011) Programmed cell death: Apoptosis meets necrosis. Nature 471:

310-312.

103. Zhang H, Zhou X, McQuade T, Li J, Chan FKM, Zhang J (2011) Functional complementation between FADD and RIP1 in embryos and lymphocytes.

Nature 471: 373-377.

104. Horita H, Frankel AE, Thorburn A (2008) Acute myeloid leukemia-targeted toxin activates both apoptotic and necroptotic death mechanisms. PLoS ONE 3.

105. Bonapace L, Bornhauser BC, Schmitz M, Cario G, Ziegler U, Niggli FK, Schafer BW, Schrappe M, Stanulla M, Bourquin JP (2010) Induction of autophagy-dependent necroptosis is required for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells to overcome glucocorticoid resistance. Journal of Clinical Investigation 120: 1310-1323.

106. Falschlehner C, Schaefer U, Walczak H (2009) Following TRAIL's path in the immune system. Immunology 127: 145-154.

107. Strasser A, Jost PJ, Nagata S (2009) The Many Roles of FAS Receptor Signaling in the Immune System. Immunity 30: 180-192.

108. Ashkenazi A (2002) Targeting death and decoy receptors of the tumour-necrosis factor superfamily. Nature Reviews Cancer 2: 420-430.

109. Boatright KM, Renatus M, Scott FL, Sperandio S, Shin H, Pedersen IM, Ricci JE, Edris WA, Sutherlin DP, Green DR, Salvesen GS (2003) A unified model for apical caspase activation. Molecular Cell 11: 529-541.

110. Vanlangenakker N, Vanden Berghe T, Vandenabeele P (2012) Many stimuli pull the necrotic trigger, an overview. Cell Death and Differentiation 19: 75-86.

111. Wang X (2001) The expanding role of mitochondria in apoptosis. Genes and Development 15: 2922-2933.

112. Green DR, Kroemer G (2004) The pathophysiology of mitochondrial cell death.

Science 305: 626-629.

113. Kroemer G (1999) Mitochondrial control of apoptosis: An overview. Biochemical Society Symposium. pp. 1-15.

117. Nechushtan A, Smith CL, Lamensdorf I, Yoon SH, Youle RJ (2001) Bax and Bak coalesce into novel mitochondria-associated clusters during apoptosis. Journal of Cell Biology 153: 1265-1276.

118. Acehan D, Jiang X, Morgan DG, Heuser JE, Wang X, Akey CW (2002) Three-dimensional structure of the apoptosome: Implications for assembly, procaspase-9 binding, and activation. Molecular Cell procaspase-9: 423-432.

119. Jiang X, Wang X (2000) Cytochrome c promotes caspase-9 activation by inducing nucleotide binding to Apaf-1. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275: 31199-31203.

120. Salvesen GS, Duckett CS (2002) IAP proteins: Blocking the road to death's door.

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 3: 401-410.

121. van Loo G, Saelens X, van Gurp M, MacFarlane M, Martin SJ, Vandenabeele P (2002) The role of mitochondrial factors in apoptosis: A Russian roulette with more than one bullet. Cell Death and Differentiation 9: 1031-1042.

122. Susin SA, Lorenzo HK, Zamzami N, Marzo I, Snow BE, Brothers GM, Mangion J, Jacotot E, Costantini P, Loeffler M, Larochette N, Goodlett DR, Aebersold R,

Siderovski DP, Penninger JM, Kroemer G (1999) Molecular characterization of mitochodrial apoptosis-inducing factor. Nature 397: 441-446.

123. Luo X, Budihardjo I, Zou H, Slaughter C, Wang X (1998) Bid, a Bcl2 interacting protein, mediates cytochrome c release from mitochondria in response to activation of cell surface death receptors. Cell 94: 481-490.

124. Tamaoki T, Nomoto H, Takahashi I (1986) Staurosporine, a potent inhibitor of phospholipid/Ca ++ dependent protein kinase. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 135: 397-402.

125. Zong WX, Lindsten T, Ross AJ, MacGregor GR, Thompson CB (2001) BH3-only proteins that bind pro-survival Bcl-2 family members fail to induce apoptosis in the absence of Bax and Bak. Genes and Development 15: 1481-1486.

126. Tafani M, Cohn JA, Karpinich NO, Rothman RJ, Russo MA, Farber JL (2002) Regulation of intracellular pH mediates Bax activation in HeLa cells treated with staurosporine or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277: 49569-49576.

127. Scarlett JL, Sheard PW, Hughes G, Ledgerwood EC, Ku HH, Murphy MP (2000) Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential during staurosporine-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. FEBS Letters 475: 267-272.

128. Tafani M, Minchenko DA, Serroni A, Farber JL (2001) Induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition mediates the killing of HeLa cells by staurosporine. Cancer Research 61: 2459-2466.

129. Zou H, Li Y, Liu X, Wang X (1999) An APAf-1 - cytochrome C multimeric complex is a functional apoptosome that activates procaspase-9. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274: 11549-11556.

130. Mihalik R, Imre G, Petak I, Szende B, Kopper L (2004) Cathepsin B-independent abrogation of cell death by CA-074-OMe upstream of lysosomal breakdown [1].

Cell Death and Differentiation 11: 1357-1360.

131. Cummings BS, Kinsey GR, Bolchoz LJC, Schnellmann RG (2004) Identification of caspase-independent apoptosis in epithelial and cancer cells. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 310: 126-134.

132. Syntichaki P, Xu K, Driscoll M, Tavernarakis N (2002) Specific aspartyl and calpain proteases are required for neurodegeneration in C. elegans. Nature 419:

939-944.

133. Yamashima T (1998) Inhibition of ischaemic hippocampal neuronal death in primates with cathepsin B inhibitor CA-074: A novel strategy for neuroprotection based on 'calpain-cathepsin hypothesis'. European Journal of Neuroscience 10: 1723-1733.

134. Syntichaki P, Samara C, Tavernarakis N (2005) The vacuolar H+-ATPase mediates intracellular acidification required for neurodegeneration in C. elegans.

Current Biology 15: 1249-1254.

135. Goll DE, Thompson VF, Li H, Wei W, Cong J (2003) The calpain system.

Physiological Reviews 83: 731-801.

136. Yamashima T, Tonchev AB, Tsukada T, Saido TC, Imajoh-Ohmi S, Momoi T, Kominami E (2003) Sustained calpain activation associated with lysosomal rupture executes necrosis of the postischemic CA1 neurons in primates.

Hippocampus 13: 791-800.

137. Yamashima T (2004) Ca2+-dependent proteases in ischemic neuronal death. A conserved 'calpain-cathepsin cascade' from nematodes to primates. Cell Calcium 36: 285-293.

138. Moubarak RS, Yuste VJ, Artus C, Bouharrour A, Greer PA, Menissier-de Murcia J, Susin SA (2007) Sequential activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, calpains, and bax is essential in apoptosis-inducing factor-mediated programmed necrosis. Molecular and Cellular Biology 27: 4844-4862.

139. Slemmer JE, Zhu C, Landshamer S, Trabold R, Grohm J, Ardeshiri A, Wagner EF, Sweeney MI, Blomgren K, Culmsee C, Weber JT, Plesnila N (2008) Causal role of apoptosis-inducing factor for neuronal cell death following traumatic brain injury. The american journal of phatology 173: 1795-1805.

140. Boujrad H, Gubkina O, Robert N, Krantic S, Susin SA (2007) AIF-mediated programmed necrosis: A highly regulated way to die. Cell Cycle 6: 2612-2619.

141. Xu Y, Huang S, Liu ZG, Han J (2006) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 signaling to mitochondria in necrotic cell death requires RIP1/TRAF2-mediated JNK1 activation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 281: 8788-8795.

142. Yoshida H, Kong YY, Yoshida R, Elia AJ, Hakem A, Hakem R, Penninger JM, Mak TW (1998) Apaf1 is required for mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis and brain development. Cell 94: 739-750.

143. Lindsten T, Ross AJ, King A, Zong WX, Rathmell JC, Shiels HA, Ulrich E, Waymire KG, Mahar P, Frauwirth K, Chen Y, Wei M, Eng VM, Adelman DM, Simon MC, Ma A, Golden JA, Evan G, Korsmeyer SJ, MacGregor GR, Thompson CB (2000) The combined functions of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bak and Bax are essential for normal development of multiple tissues.

Molecular Cell 6: 1389-1399.

144. Lindsten T, Thompson CB (2006) Cell death in the absence of Bax and Bak. Cell Death and Differentiation 13: 1272-1276.

145. Laporte C, Kosta A, Klein G, Aubry L, Lam D, Tresse E, Luciani MF, Golstein P (2007) A necrotic cell death model in a protist. Cell Death and Differentiation 14: 266-274.

146. Yuan J, Kroemer G (2010) Alternative cell death mechanisms in development and beyond. Genes and Development 24: 2592-2602.

147. Benedict CA, Norris PS, Ware CF (2002) To kill or be killed: Viral evasion of apoptosis. Nature Immunology 3: 1013-1018.

148. Berglund AC, Sjolund E, Ostlund G, Sonnhammer ELL (2008) InParanoid 6:

Eukaryotic ortholog clusters with inparalogs. Nucleic Acids Research 36: D263-D266.

149. Stoll G, Jander S, Schroeter M (2002) Detrimental and beneficial effects of injury-induced inflammation and cytokine expression in the nervous system. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. pp. 87-113.

150. Zhang M, Chen L (2008) Status of cytokines in ischemia reperfusion induced heart injury. Cardiovascular and Hematological Disorders - Drug Targets 8: 161-172.

151. You Z, Savitz SI, Yang J, Degterev A, Yuan J, Cuny GD, Moskowitz MA, Whalen MJ (2008) Necrostatin-1 reduces histopathology and improves functional outcome after controlled cortical impact in mice. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 28: 1564-1573.

152. Li Y, Yang X, Ma C, Qiao J, Zhang C (2008) Necroptosis contributes to the NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in rat's cultured cortical neurons. Neuroscience Letters 447: 120-123.

153. Tan S, Schubert D, Maher P (2001) Oxytosis: A novel form of programmed cell death. Current topics in medicinal chemistry 1: 497-506.

154. Xu X, Chua CC, Kong J, Kostrzewa RM, Kumaraguru U, Hamdy RC, Chua BHL (2007) Necrostatin-1 protects against glutamate-induced glutathione depletion and caspase-independent cell death in HT-22 cells. Journal of Neurochemistry 103: 2004-2014.

155. Cregan SP, Dawson VL, Slack RS (2004) Role of AIF in caspase-dependent and caspase-independent cell death. Oncogene 23: 2785-2796.

156. Kim S, Dayani L, Rosenberg PA, Li J (2010) RIP1 kinase mediates arachidonic acid-induced oxidative death of oligodendrocyte precursors. International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology 2: 137-147.

157. Davis CW, Hawkins BJ, Ramasamy S, Irrinki KM, Cameron BA, Islam K, Daswani VP, Doonan PJ, Manevich Y, Madesh M (2010) Nitration of the mitochondrial complex I subunit NDUFB8 elicits RIP1- and RIP3-mediated necrosis. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 48: 306-317.

158. Smith CCT, Davidson SM, Lim SY, Simpkin JC, Hothersall JS, Yellon DM (2007) Necrostatin: A potentially novel cardioprotective agent? Cardiovascular Drugs

158. Smith CCT, Davidson SM, Lim SY, Simpkin JC, Hothersall JS, Yellon DM (2007) Necrostatin: A potentially novel cardioprotective agent? Cardiovascular Drugs