Appendix 3. Territories of the wine producing areas in Hungary
The size of vineyards per territorial unit, 2001, 2009 (in hectares) (ed. Máté, A.)
Source: www.ksh.hu
Change in the extension of vineyards since 2001 (in per cent) (ed. Máté, A.)
Source: www.ksh.hu
Change in the volume of wine production in Hungary (in million litres) (ed. Máté, A.)
Source: www.ksh.hu
Territory of the vineyards by grape sorts and by territorial unit, 2009 (in per cent) (ed. Máté, A.)
White wine grapes Red wine grapes Source: www.ksh.hu
Appendix 4. Wine producing areas in the Pannon Wine Region (Photo: Varga, G. - Máté, A. 2007)
Szekszárd wine producing area
Szekszárd – Istifángödre Szekszárd – Kadarka Street
Szekszárd – Bogár Farm Szekszárd – Béri Balogh Ádám Street
Szekszárd – Benedek Valley Zomba – Szent Gaál Chateau Tolna wine producing area
Györköny – cellar street Kölesd – Apponyi Chateau Villány wine producing area
Villánykövesd – cellar street Villánykövesd Pécs wine producing area
Bóly Dunaszekcső Appendix 5. Signs of the European Wine Routes
Guest Reception &Visiting
Source: http://www.arev.org/article/articleprint/de_DE/104/-1/21/ [2002.04.06.]
Appendix 6. Information signs of the wine routes by the example of the Pannon wine region
(Photo: Varga, G. - Máté, A. 2007) Szekszárd wine route
Signpost marking wine route service providers, Szekszárd Touristic signpost of the Municipality of Szekszárd
Signpost introducing a wine route settlement
on the outskirts of Szekszárd (at the Hotel Sió) Signpost marking a wine route, Szekszárd Tolna wine route
Signpost marking wine route service provider Signpost marking a wine route, Kölesd Villány-Siklós wine route
Signpost introducing a wine route settlement, Villány Signpost marking wine route service providers, Siklós
Mohács-Bóly White Wine Route
Signpost introducing a wine route settlement, Dunaszekcső
Signpost marking a wine route, Bóly
Appendix 7. Catering establishments of Hungary
Breakdown of the number of catering units by regions, 2008 (ed. Máté, A.) (Source: www.ksh.hu)
Change in the number of catering facilities by type since 2001 (ed. Máté, A.) (Source: www.ksh.hu)
Commercial catering units Canteens
Revenues of catering facilities since 2001 (ed. Máté, A.) (Source: www.ksh.hu)
Food Alcoholic beverages Non-alcoholic beverages Coffee Tobacco
Breakdown of the turnover of catering units by main types of goods since 2003 (ed. Máté, A.) (Source: www.ksh.hu)
Appendix 8. Szekszárd Vintage Days 2009
Locations of the Szekszárd Vintage Days 2009 (www.szekszardiszuretinapok.hu) Programmes and statistics of the Szekszárd Vintage Days 2009
Types Programmes Statistics
Wine and gastronomy Vintage procession 1926 participants, 47 programmes
Wine court 17 pavilions, 34 Szekszárd and 1 Tolna
wine producer, 2 brandy houses
Wine seminar 10 occasions - 10 wine producers
Entrance tickets - 224 participants Wine order inauguration ceremony
Street of tastes 5 pavilions - 5 restaurants, 1 cocktail bar Cultural events Children‘s programmes 5 performing groups
Playground / Handicrafts School of Small Apprentices
8 masters, 8 kinds of handicrafts programmes for children
Folklore programmes, folk music programmes
21 folk dance groups – 886 dancers
Choir/orchestra concerts, performances 6 orchestras and choirs performing Pop music concerts 11 performing groups, 2 large-scale
concerts
Dance shows and theatre performances 9 professional theatre shows 24 amateur theatre shows 4 programmes with entrance tickets
Exhibitions 6 fine arts, 1 folk arts, 2 graphic
exhibitions
Literature programme 3 programmes
Handicrafts and arts fair 121 handicraftsmen and art goods merchants 7 artists, jugglers
Other programmes Sport and dance shows and programmes 8 dance groups with 130 participants
Car show 5 car dealers: 26 cars,1 ship
Conferences 2 conferences
Funfair 15 toys of entertainment
Street ball, Disco 1+1
Environment protection and health education programmes
1 environmental 2 health education programmes
Vintage Beauty Contest 19 participants (incl. 2 foreigners) Source: ed. Máté, A. by www.szekszardiszuretinapok.hu
Logo of the Szekszárd Vintage Days (www.szekszardiszuretinapok.hu)
Inquiries at the Szekszárd Tourinform Office in 2009 (persons) (ed. by the author by the data of the Tourinform Office)
Handicrafts and arts fair (photo: Máté, A.)
Wine court (photo: Máté, A.)
Street of tastes (photo: Máté, A.)
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Internet
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17. http://www.vintour.hu/pages/sub.jsp?id=130
9. fejezet - Pál Horváth - Mónika Jónás-Berki - Bulcsú Remenyik:
Theme parks and routes
1. I. Theme parks
Tourism history preliminaries of this product
The first theme parks in the modern sense of the word were opened in the USA, but actually the first institutions with entertainment functions were established in Europe. The supply of today‘s parks can be traced back to two social-historical preliminaries, i.e. public feasts and the entertainment of the nobility in the 18th century. The predecessors were the entertainment – fun – parks. The fist park of this type was established in 1550, and it was called a garden of entertainment. The oldest theme park of the world can be found in Bakken in Klambenborg (1) near Copenhagen; it was opened in 1583 and has been operating since then. 19th century was the first heyday of entertainment parks. In 1843 in Copenhagen the Tivoli park (2) was opened (2), and in a few years it became the most visited entertainment facility in the world. In the late 19th century, the first seaside entertainment centre of the world was built in Blackpool (3), and it is still one of the most popular attractions in Great Britain. The parks built in the late 19th century were more dynamic, more active, responding to the change of the consumer preferences.
Parks built at the turn of the 19th and 20th century had, in the name of entertainment, different toys and strength-testing tools, and they could be visited at fairs, carnivals; they operated as travelling circuses. The most famous and largest entertainment centre of the first half of the 20th century was established in Coney Island, it consisted of three parks and several smaller scale attractions. The most renowned of these is the ―Steeplechase Park‖ (1) which opened in 1897, already. Since 1927 the most famous attractions of the fun parks, the
―Cyclone‖ roller coaster has been operating here.
The real heyday of the theme park is dated to the second half of 20th century; they are both a driving force and also a beneficiary of the appearance of mass tourism and globalisation. Parallel to this, smaller scale facilities organised on local values have appeared since the 1980s, which is most typical of the European continent. In the 1980s and 1990s there was an extremely dynamic growth in the number of theme parks, and they have spread since then practically all over the world. In 1994, in the United States alone 200 million entrance tickets were sold. In addition to increasing their number and size, theme parks had a strengthening role in the recreational and leisure activities of society. Significant amounts of money were spent on the improvement of the quality of services, besides the maintenance of the safety of toys and also on the increase of experience and extremity.
When looking at the history and the present situation of theme parks, we cannot neglect the Disney Empire.
Although the first theme park organised on the topic of a children‘s tale – the Efteling – was opened in Europe in 1951, followed by the inauguration of the Bellewaerde Park in 1954, such theme parks were made famous all around the world by Walt Disney. Walter Elias Disney founded in 1955 in the vicinity of Los Angeles the first Disneyland fun park complex (4), followed nine years later by the second park of his empire in Florida. Disney was the first to recognise that in the strengthening post-war American middle class a mass demand for entertainment and travel showed up. Special attention was paid to the creation of the comfort of the visitors, and to safeguarding the required quality. The Disney television channel supported the dissemination of this principle to the consumers. However, negative socio-economic impacts can also be attributed to the Disneylands, still the innovation, the applied solutions and the professionalism of the company has allowed it to operate at a quality level for a long time that the competition has not even been able to follow. In the 1960s and 1970s, several similar entertainment centres were built, inspired by the success of the Disney parks, and several famous fun parks repositioned themselves on the market.
2. Elements of supply
Theme parks are part of the supply system of tourism, they have attraction functions. The toys and programmes offered by the park are the actual attractions, whose range of impacts depends on the uniqueness, the complexity and the accessibility of the park, its services and toys. The increase of complexity is likely to lead to the increase
of duration of stay and specific revenues. It is also a consequence of the effort to reach complexity that parks may offer further functions such as catering or accommodation.
Theme attractions, although they all are man-made facilities that have been born as a result of tourism product development, rely upon cultural and natural endowments to varying degrees. While the latter serve as the basis for the establishment of theme parks and production-related multifunctional – visitors and experience – centres, the entertainment centres can operate totally independent of the geographical features of the given space. Theme attractions can also be classified according to the use of the rides. It is observable that in cases when the product does not really integrate the cultural and natural endowments, these may be substituted by the use of rides.
Adventure parks are a transitory phase also in this respect, because rides are present, but only with a few elements.
The product is a mixture of tangible and intangible components. In the case of theme parks, product elements consist of the following main units, taking Middleton‘s classification into consideration:
· Rides of the theme park, toys and exhibitions,
· Support services,
· Accessibility of the theme park,
· Image of the theme park,
· Charges for the use of the services of the theme park.
Table 1 below features the product elements that can be connected to the respective constituents.
Table 1: Units in the theme parks
Type Subtype Product elements
1. Attractions Mechanical Zorb, Bob, Climbing wall
Motorised Quad
Built on sight of interest Park, Garden, Zoo, Plant house Exhibition locations Open-air stage, 3D cinema Sport facilities Horse riding, golf, paddling
2. Catering Restaurant, buffet, coffee shop, drink vending machine
3. Commerce Souvenir shop
4. Accommodations Hotel, camping site, youth hostel
5. Service infrastructure Parking place, telephone, visitor centre
6. Support activities Administration office, park maintenance
Source: by the author, based on Dzeng, R. J – Lee, H.Y. 2007
3. Characteristics of the demand
Coming from the versatility of theme parks, considerable differences can be explored in the characteristics of the demand side. Theme parks are addressed to segments with different motivations, interests, of various demographic and sociological features. The characteristics of the demand also depend on which phase of the life cycle the product is in, and what kinds of tourists (defined by Cohen‘s and Plog‘s typology) can be expected.
While heritage parks are designed for the domestic visitors, aquaparks having gained international recognition and based on mass tourism also receive large numbers of foreign guests. It is also true for the leading European parks built around culture-related issues that most of their visitors are domestic tourists, i.e. 80% of the guests in the French Parc Asterix are French citizens.
Theme parks have complex attraction and motivation structures. In each case the central function is entertainment, but several auxiliary functions must also be highlighted, as they give the unique character, the specific features of the parks. The classic function of parks is recreation, leisure, which is accompanied in some
parks by education and teaching. The latter function is founded by experience pedagogy. In addition to education and teaching it is adventure therapy that gives an even greater chance of specialisation to the parks.
Approaching theme parks from the demand side, the expansion of the parks is oriented towards the higher levels of Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs, although on the basis of the number of visitors it is still establishments concentrating on mass tourism and the satisfaction of the most basic needs that prevail. Among the latest types of theme parks, we have to mention heritage and adventure parks, which, in addition to entertainment, target the higher level of hierarchy of needs. On the demand side, one of the reactions to the transitions of the post-Fordist tourism – including the increase of demand-orientation – is the change of the direction of developments.
4. Operation of the market of the product, trends
These days the model of the modern entertainment parks is going through significant changes. Increased
These days the model of the modern entertainment parks is going through significant changes. Increased