Development of Complex Curricula for Molecular Bionics and Infobionics Programs within a consortial* framework**
Consortium leader
PETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
Consortium members
SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY, DIALOG CAMPUS PUBLISHER
The Project has been realised with the support of the European Union and has been co-financed by the European Social Fund ***
**Molekuláris bionika és Infobionika Szakok tananyagának komplex fejlesztése konzorciumi keretben
***A projekt az Európai Unió támogatásával, az Európai Szociális Alap társfinanszírozásával valósul meg.
Faculty of Information Technology
BEVEZETÉS A FUNKCIONÁLIS NEUROBIOLÓGIÁBA
INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTIONAL NEUROBIOLOGY
THE NEUROENDOCRINE HYPOTHALAMUS
www.itk.ppke.hu
(A neuroendokrin hypothalamus)
ZSOLT LIPOSITS
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal regulation
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
Hypothalamo-pituitary unit
HPG- system HPT- system HPA-system HPP-system
Endocrine pancreas
Reproduction Metabolism
Adaptation Water, salt balance Carbohydrate metabolism
Sterility Graves disease
Addison disease Diabetes insipidus Diabetes mellitus
Significance of the endocrine system
MILIEU INTERIEUR
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
HYPOTHALAMUS
P AP P
REPRODUCTION STRESS, ADAPTATION
GROWTH FEEDING
ENERGY EXPENDITURE THERMOREGULATION WATER AND SALT BALANCE
MILK EJECTION SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
BRAIN STEM
SPINAL CORD
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
REGULATION OF VISCERAL FUNCTIONS
TARGET ORGANS
HOMEOSTASIS
HYPOTHALAMUS
P AP P
REPRODUCTION STRESS, ADAPTATION
GROWTH FEEDING
ENERGY EXPENDITURE THERMOREGULATION WATER AND SALT BALANCE
MILK EJECTION SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
BRAIN STEM
SPINAL CORD
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
REGULATION OF VISCERAL FUNCTIONS
TARGET ORGANS
HOMEOSTASIS
NEUROSECRETION
CONSTITUENTS, BLOOD SUPPLY, NEUROSECRETION
10/15/2011. TÁMOP – 4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
HYPOTHALAMO-HYPOPHYSEAL UNIT
HYPOTHALAMUS
A
ADENOHYPOPHYSISSHA PV
NEUROHYPOPHYSIS
STALK
N E U R A L
V A S C U L A R
PORTAL VEINS TO ADENOHYPOPHYSIS
DISSEMINATION OF RELEASING AND RELEASE-INHIBITING HORMONES TO HYPOPHYSEAL TROPH CELLS
PORTAL CAPILLARIES FROM SUPERIOR HYPOPHYSEAL ARTERY
DISCHARGE OF HYPOTHALAMIC RELEASING AND RELEASE-INHIBITING NEUROSECRETORY HORMONES INTO PORTAL CIRCULATION
DISCHARGE OF HYPOPHYSEAL TROPH HORMONES
A P PP
MAGNOCELLULAR parvicellular
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
AP PP
PI
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
PITUITARY
G. Harris
A. Schally
J. Szentágothai
B. Halász
M. Palkovits O
B. Flerkó POA
W. Bargmann E. Scharrer
A. Schally, R. Guillemin, W. Vale, J. Rivier
PÉCS
From: Szentágothai, J., Flerkó, B., Mess, B., Halász, B., : Hypothalamic
Control of the Anterior Pituitary, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1962
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
Anterior
Rat
Thalamus
POA SCN
DM VM
ARC CM
PVN
CHO LH
PG
PS ME
O V L
T
CAOCH
GONAD REGULATION THERMOREGULATION CORTICAL ACTIVATION
SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
M
P O
A
SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR MATERNAL BEHAVIOUR
GONAD REGULATION THERMOREGULATION
P V N
ADRENAL REGULATION THYROID REGULATION
METABOLISM ADAPTATION
AUTONOMIC REGULATION GROWTH INHIBITION WATER BALANCE
ELECTROLYTE BALANCE MILK EJECTION UTERUS CONTRACTION
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
DM VM ARC
LH ME
GROWTH REGULATION FEEDING REGULATION
SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR INHIBITION OF LACTATION
HORMONE DISCHARGE
MB TM
LEARNING-MEMORY SLEEP REGULATION
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
PVN ANTERIOR
POSTERIOR SUBNUCLEI
SON
III.
pc MC
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
MC
Thalamus
OCH
PVN
PL PS
PSHT
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH)
Blood vessels: vasoconstriction via V1a receptors Anterior pituitary: ACTH release via V1b receptors
Kidney: sodium and water reabsorption via V2 receptors Brain: neuromodulation
Oxytocin
Lactating breast: milk ejection
Uterus: smooth muscle contraction
Brain: neuromodulation
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
P
V
N
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
Median eminence
Ependymal Hypependymal Internal
External
Basement membrane
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
PS
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
C
R
H
Hypothalamic neurosecretory hormones
1. Synthesized in neurons
2. Transported via axo-plasmic flow
3. Stored and released from axon terminals 4. Secreted into the blood stream
5. Have specific receptors
6. Influence target structures via receptor-coupled mechanisms
7. Biologically active
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
Retrograde labelling of neurosecretory cells
FLUORO-GOLD labelling
Hypophysiotrophic somatostain neurons
Nu rer
mRNA ISHH
protein ICC
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Somatostatin
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) Dopamine
Oxytocin Vasopressin
Neurophysin I-II
Galanin
CART
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
Thalamus
OCH
Medial preoptic area Paraventricular nucleus
Periventricular nucleus
Arcuate nucleus
Thalamus
OCH
MPOA
ME
LHRH
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu Pulsatile secretion of GnRH and LH
Positive estrogen trigger
GnRH and LH peaks induced
by estrogen
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
LHRH neurons in the OVLT region of the rat
LHRH
GAL
Thalamus
OCH
PV
SOM
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
CRH
PVN-X
Thalamus
OCH
PVN
TRH
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
Thalamus
OCH
ARC
GH-RH
SOM
GHRH
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
PNMT-CRH
Brain H
P
Target organs A
T G
Endocrine organs
GR
CRH
The neuroendocrine hypothalamus
www.itk.ppke.hu
„Discovery is seeing what everyone has seen and
thinking what no one else has thought”
