The me
Vero László
1Institut
2Crysta
3South-
4Depar
5Depar
Corres E-mail
Articl
Accep Availa Keywo skin ca malign produ melan
e effec lanoma
nika Wolh ó Szabó2, A
te of Public He al International -Transdanubia rtment of Occ rtment of Dent
sponding au address: wo
le Info
pted on 28 Ju able online 18
ords:
ancer, melan num, antioxid ucts, preventi
noma cells.
The
t of fla a transp
her1,*, Kata Andor Seb
ealth, Medical l Kft., Eger
n Regional He cupational Hea
tal Public Heal
thor. Tel.:+36 olher.veronika
une 2012 8 June 2012
noma dant ion, B16
Journ
Internationa
Jo
avonoid planted
lin Gombo estyén3, A
School, Pécs U ealth Care Insu
alth, Medical S lth, Medical Sc
72 536 394 a@gmail.com
Abstrac Melanom mortality malignum malignum to full re life age also pla surveys.
also risk substanc In recen product mice m chemop organs investiga flavonoid carcinog
nal of P
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os1, Krisztin ndrás Husz
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s melano gh it is ors, melano
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ly show tha decreases.
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ve solar e the epide ower layers s a type o he colour o accelerates tissues dec
rinkles and multiple UV
teration of ple sunspo evus.
progress to ma devel less frequ oma malig cancer mo
he mortali the two g in women men the hea affected.
g men. Ma ons and ly ce of visce ss to pa higher amo
en worse a age at sk although e
at after me (4, 6, 7, 8 primary pr to amel ing exces nburns in evertheless
to be emp
V. Wolhe exposure,
rmis to a s of the skin of skin dam of the skin.
s aging of creases, it d increases exposure tissues an ots, freckle melanoma ops from uent than gnant is re ortality.
Table 1. Mor ity severa genders.Th n occur m ad and nec Nodular ty alignant ce ymph node eral metasta
rticipate i ong women among men in cancer epidemiolo
nopause o , 9, 10, 11) revention
liorate mo s solar ex childhood s the im phasized b
er / Journal of for examp
attenuate U n.
mage, that
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rtality of mela l differenc e localisat mainly on t ck region a ype is mo lls metasta es in wom asis is high n screen n, that is w n.
prognosis ogical stud overall survi ). Concerni is the mo ortality da
xposure a are stron mportance
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The the ess to n in es, ost kin.
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sk dia de An ar ch als So top inf pa ce sy the tum the pr ea re 13
Medicine 1 (2 ormation of rough the
akes mela he incidenc wer than in here the 0/100.000 everal studi
e depletion Hungary th ses every y e year 200 the previ gher and omen (Tab
um in hungary kin tumou
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shows an le 1) (5, 6).
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Antioxidan ce of ce e effect o de effects o
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)
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romote he
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times h erence is d 1, 2, 3, 4).
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n comparin
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ntaining pr as part preventing e adminis ation is ab ms by m
ulating im oxidant de been highli consumptio
ration decre es of tum
or medica rapy, decre alth status
g cells essels mful.
ope is of USA higher due to gnum ality in paring men is ng to
and or a
roduct of g and stered ble to ultiple mune efence ghted on on eases mours, ations, eases s. (12,
Hidvegi and coworkers investigated the effect of a benzokinone-containing product on transplanted B16 melanoma growth and metastasis supplementing certain groups with vitamin-C.
Administered orally the product itself and in combination with vitamin-C significantly inhibited metastasis, vitamin-C alone did not exert this effect. In contrast, the administration of vitamin-C one hour after the benzokinone-containing product lead to reduced anti-metastatic effect.
(17).
Many scientist tend to believe that antioxidant supplementation may negatively modify the effect of certain anticancer treatments and able to worsen the prognosis of certain tumours. Heinen and coworkers investigated the association between antioxidant nutrient intake (vitamin C, E, A, other supplements) and the risk ofbasal cell (BCC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the skin. According to their results, there is no
obvious and significant connection between antioxidant supplementation, and skin cancer development (18).
The importance of miRNAs, as molecular epidemiological biomarkers of primary tumour prevention is improved in the past few years.
miRNAs are short RNA segments which does not translate to proteins.
The expression patterns of miRNA of malignant melanoma were characterised recently from tissue as well as from blood samples.
There is unambiguous evidence to prove the role of miRNAs as unique biomarkers in melanoma malignant prevention and treatment. A group of concerned miRNAs that are in connection with malignant skin tumours are shown in Table 1.
(19).
Table 1. miRNAs in connection with malignant skin tumours B16 is a transplantable murine melanoma cell
line, which is well known for evaluating the effect of potential anti-tumor and chemopreventive compounds.
Kyoko and Nomeli transplanted C57BL/6J mice with B16 melanoma cell line and lung metastasis were investigated. The mice received ethanol.
Ethanol supplementation inhibited lung metastasis and this inhibition has also affected body weight, insulin and leptin secretion. The expression of Il6, Nf b, Snai1 were decreased,
and the expression level of E-Cadherin, Kiss1, Nm23-m1 and Nm23-m2 were elevated.
Kyoko and Nomeli concluded, that in cell cultures and in animal models ethanol is able to decrease the metastatic ability of B16 cells. (20).
Materials and method
6 week old C57BL/6N male mice (20 g overall bodyweight) were transplanted with B16 melanoma cell line. Each mouse was subcutan injected with 105 B16 cells in the dorsal region of
Epigenetic element Publication year Possible biomarker use Sample Target/pathway
Epigenetic melanoma expression
Function
miR‐29c 2011 Progression, prognosis Tissue DNMT3 Down Tumor suppressor
miR‐214 2011 Diagnosis, progression Cell, tissue TFAP2C Up Oncogene
miR‐205 2011 Detection, progression Cell, tissue E2F1, E2F5 Down Tumor suppressor
miR‐30b/miR‐30d 2011 Progression, prognosis Cell, tissue GALNT7 Up Oncogene
miR‐34b 2011 Progression Cell, tissue Cell adhesion,
migration, motility Down Tumor suppressor miR‐506/miR‐514 2011 Detection, progression Cell, tissue Growth, apoptosis,
invasion Up Oncogene
miR‐21/miR‐155 2011 Detection, prognosis Tissue Proliferation,
metastasis Up Oncogene
miR‐221 2011 Progression Serum
P27Kip1/CDKN1B and C‐Kit (from a
prior study18417445)
Up Oncogene
miR‐375 2011 Detection, progression Cell, tissue Proliferation,
invasion, migration Down Tumor suppressor DNA Methylation
LINE‐1 2011 Prognosis Cell
Surrogate for hypomethylated
TSGs
Up Marker for inactive tumor suppressor DNA Histone
Modifier EZH2 2011 Detection, progression Cell Proliferation Up Oncogene
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an.
V. Wolher / Journal of Proactive Medicine 1 (2012)13-20 References
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