Khaloud Abdulla Al-Sulaiti Szent Istvan University, Hungary khaloudsulaiti@gmail.com

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Celebration of Hungarian Science 2017 BUDAPEST, 24^TH NOVEMBER 2017

FIKUSZ '17 Abstract Book ISBN 978-963-449-065-4

managing editor: Mónika Fodor PhD.

edited by Pal Feher-Polgar

Obuda University

Keleti Faculty of Business and Management Budapest, MMXVII

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Khaloud Abdulla Al-Sulaiti Szent Istvan University, Hungary khaloudsulaiti@gmail.com

The research is to identify the impact of training staff performance in the Ministry of Culture and Sports, Qatar. Thus, it was needed to investigate the current training programs on the staff satisfaction performance. The aim and objectives of the research to illustrate the current strategies of training department in the organization and to evaluate the impact of training on employees. Also, to find out how to improve and implement more effective training strategies to improve the staff performance.

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Drivers of shadow economy in transition countries during the post-crisis period: the

results of structural model

Milica Arsić, Aleksandra Fedajev University of Belgrade, Serbia

afedajev@tfbor.bg.ac.rs

During the recent years the problem of the shadow economy is becoming more prominent, especially in transition countries, which are faced with the numerous structural imbalances inherited from central-planning period. The emergence of the global economic crisis emphasized the necessity of solving this problem, given that widespread shadow economy reduces the amount of available budget funds for the implementation of anti-crisis measures. Having that in mind, the aim of this paper is to assess the role of wealth or living standards, market openness, political environment and tax system in the emergence and development of the shadow economy in the European transition economies during the period 2009-2014, using PLS-SEM model. The conducted research enabled authors to suggest recommendations and guidelines that policymakers should include in their long-term strategy for fighting the shadow economy.

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Why the Apple? Preferences of the „Z”

generation for communications tools in the light of Apple products

Balint Botos, Bernadett Almadi, Tibor Pal Szilagyi Obuda University, Hungary

botos.balint@hotmail.com

Communication is a defining element of our everyday life. Ever since humankind exists, it communicates depending on its cognitive level and level of development. Humans in the prehistoric times, told stories around the campfires, and drew on the walls of the caves all the information they wanted to share with one another.

Communications have changed a lot during the past millienia, but the desire to communicate and the quantity to communicate have not decreased. Our research puts the emphasis on the fundamental question of how and based on what aspects the individual who would like to pursue its activities of communications sets up its system of prefereneces based on subjective judgement, and how this individual selects the tool he or she would like to use among the many tools available.

The basis for the primary research is to analyse the brand and the products of Apple, as one which is gaining popularity, and more specifically to explore the differences in consumer behaviour between the conscious and impulsive purchase. The brand selection preferences of the „Z” generation will get special focus in the research.

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How to finance renewable energy projects – facts and trends

Agnes Csiszarik-Kocsir

Obuda University Keleti Faculty of Business and Management, Hungary

kocsir.agnes@kgk.uni-obuda.hu

Renewable energy has a higher and higher significance, both on a national and international level. Investments and projects building on renewable energy are becoming more and more important due to the exhaustion of conventional energy sources and the increasing energy demand. However, these projects present several risks and uncertainty, regardless of the fact that they also offer countless benefits and profit. Because of the risks this field cannot be considered as a target of investors looking for a traditional, certain but moderate return. In addition to the said risks, the long payback period is another reason why it is necessary to attract other financing methods. In this study I venture to introduce the development and financing of the investments in the renewable energy sector, highlighted the main trends and facts about the area.

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The Raise of Populism in Central and Eastern Europe – A Quantitative Approach

Adela Danaj

European University of Tirana, Albania adela.danaj@uet.edu.al

Numerous scholars have pointed out that low economic performance, unstable labor markets and unsustainable social cohesion provide favorable ground for populist parties to emerge (Kriesi & Pappas, 2015). In the latest European elections in 2014, in some countries populist parties received electoral support. What is more, compared with elections’ data from 2009, in 2014 left and right wing populist parties have gained more ground in the European Union level; hence, populism is becoming a political challenge for the European Union.

Using multivariate regression analysis, the main aim of the study is to test whether there is a relationship and correlation between populism and the efficiency of a country’s institutions, labor market and social heterogeneity. The research has been carried out in 28 countries, including Italy and Central and Eastern Europe countries in order to ascertain the individual and combined impact of the above mentioned variables upon the raise of populism. In order to establish the regression, model, in this study the following measures have been used: (i) the index of corruption to measure the efficiency of the institution; (ii) the level of unemployment to measure the deficiency of the labor market; (iii) the level of migration inflow to measure the social heterogeneity; (iv) the average scores across leaders’ discourse to measure the raise of populism. The main findings of this article indicate that in order to decrease populist political discourse among political leaders the unemployment rate and the migration inflow

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should be decreased. Meanwhile, the information about corruption risks among citizens should be increased.

Keywords: Populist discourse, perception of corruption, unemployment rate, migration flow

Reference:

Kriesi, H., & Pappas, T. S. (2015). Populism in Europe during crisis:

an introduction.

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Consumer Preferences analysis for Reduced Pesticides in Albania

Silvana Dervishi, Elena Kokthi, Grisilda Miftari Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania

grisilda.miftari@uet.edu.al

As in other parts of the world, in Albania, the interest of consumers toward low-pesticide -chemical products has increasead as a result of high perceived risk and possible health damage of conventional products. Safety and health concerns are the main drivers in consumer decision toward low-pesticide and chemical products. In this framework the analysis of consumer preferences is important in order to understand if there is any potential of this products differentiated schemes such as low pesticides and chemical products. The purpose of this paper is to analyze consumer preferences for products with reduced levels of pesticides and chemicals. The questions raised in this research are: What is the importance that the Albanian consumer place to products with reduced levels of chemicals and pesticides?

What is the willingness to pay for products with reduced levels of chemicals and pesticides? The method used for studying purposes is contingent valuation. The results show that consumers are very sensitive to low pesticide and low chemicals information. In average the interviewed consumer will pay about 31% more vegetables with reduced levels of chemicals. These figures also show that the Albanian consumer is becoming increasingly vulnerable to health and environmental issues.

Keywords: low pesticides, willingness to pay, consumer preferences, contingent valuation

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How do we pay tax? – Taxation-related behaviors

Piroska Dobos

Óbuda University Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Hungary

d.piri@globalprofit.hu

The tax systems, the taxation is usually complicated and complex asset systems, the taxpayers' behavior is complex too, behind the tax evasion, tax avoidance and tax denial there are also very complicated, intricate phenomena. The purpose of this paper is to describe the possible patterns of behaviors and attitudes in the background of this phenomenon from the aspect that - by economic psychology and behavioral economics coming into the foreground how did change the classical economic model (maximizing the expected utility) over the past decades.

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Background Data Mining for an Information Security Awareness Education Program –

Reasons, Possibilities, Methodologies

Jeno Duchon

National Tax and Customs Administration of Hungary duchon.jeno@gmail.com

Nowadays we experience that the information is a very important thing. The information helps our days but sometimes it cause dependency. So the structure and the function of it is very complex.

This is the main reason why we have to learn live with it. We have to develop out IT skills and competencies. But not enough just read and learn about the nformation. We have to change our attitude with the information if we want to be successful in the information society.

Development of our information security awareness is the part of this process. But this part is a very important because for this not enough enroll to an IT security course. For this we have to change our learners attitude while we update their knowledge nd forming their competencies. All of this require a highly complex training program.

For plan this program we have to know a lot of input data and where are we able to find a lot of system usage date? The answer is: log files.

So we if we use web mining tools and methods we are able to reach a lot of information about our user's behavior in our IT system.

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How Can the Competitiveness of a Hungarian Agricultural Enterprise Be Increased?

The Mushroom Verticum in Focus, in Light of the Employees' Contentedness

Fanni Ildikó Fodor, Maohua Li, Tibor Pál Szilágyi, Bernadett Almádi

Szent Istvan University, Hungary almadi.bernadett@gtk.szie.hu

The population increase across the Globe made humanity reach 7,5 billion by 2017. The expected population assumed by 2050 is only higher, meaning our planet will be shared by 9,1 billion humans.

Never have so many people lived on Earth before at the same time, and as these people have to be fed, a simple question comes to mind:

how will we take up the challenge, and what tools will help to keep, and to increase the competitiveness of the Hungarian agriculture sector?

Hungary is a country with strong roots in agricultural tradition. The result of the instances of innovation completed in the XX.th and XXI.st Centuries was that the ratio of added value gained during production made a turnaround. While this ratio was 80-20 between base materials and processing, currently, it's 20-80. This also means that foodstuffs production, which has its basis in the XIX.th Century, but aims to support the demands of the XXI.st Century, has to be kept competitive at all costs.

Our analysis focused on one peculiar part of the Hungarian agricultural sector, the mushroom verticum, as we believe that this sub-sector began a dynamic development recently. This is due to the

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tendency of consumers, wishing for more functional and healthy foodstuffs. Additionally, we can find mushroom not only as traditional foodstuffs, but in the shape of coffees, chocolates, and immune system strengthening supplements as well. Waste management also uses mushrooms on the producer side, which clearly validates its usefulness.

As this sector is firmly dependent on physical labour, we began to analyse it from the employees' perspective, which is also the basis of our results to be introduced in the study.

Keywords: Porter's Diamond model, value chain of mushroom verticum, role of vertical relations.

SUPPORTED THROUGH THE NEW NATIONAL EXCELLENCE PROGRAM OF THE MINISTRY OF HUMAN CAPACITIES

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Career path, and the generation-specific perspective system of successful career

starting

Monika Fodor, Katalin Jackel, Tibor Pal Szilagyi Obuda University Keleti Faculty of Business and

Management, Hungary

fodor.monika@kgk.uni-obuda.hu

It is considerably hard to create a workplace atmosphere and tasks which are optimal, attractive and motivational for all employees having different value systems and social backgrounds. It's no coincidence that in the later decades, more and more research was aimed at understanding how the ranking of tools which can motivate employees changed. In light of how the HR field experienced an increased intensity in change.

In this study, we introduce partial results of a research project, which was made with the support of the New National Excellence Programme (code: ÚNKP-17-4) of the Ministry of Human Resources.

As part of the two-phase project, we analysed the factors influencing the choice in career and workplace of the Z generation using both qualitative and quantitative techniques.

The results - in our eyes - can be used well for companies which wish to broaden their horizons in creating new jobs, in order to reach the Z generation, as they can receive information on the important details that make the workplace more interesting and attractive for the younger generation.

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How should I tell you - Enterprise communication in the SME sector

Sándor Gáspár, Seyyed Amir Vafaei, Mónika Fodor, Bernadett Almádi

Szent Istvan University, Hungary almadi.bernadett@gtk.szie.hu

Enterprise communication and information flow are popular research topics of economists, sociologists, and linguists. Naturally, they all have their own perspective on their research, and seek different faces of the key to efficiency. Researchers however found a middle ground regarding the fact that successful people and enterprises communicate with their environment effectively. Therefore, it's natural to ask, is the secret of success the way we communicate? How can we tell things of importance to the enterprise's life, in a way that it reaches the recipient via the most efficient way? Or what form of communication can be adapted successfully to certain sectors, in order to optimise information flow? These questions awakened our curiosity, and lead us to starting a primary research to shed light on the communication channels of different sectors, like construction, agriculture or healthcare. We also tried to find a connection between f. e. the communication channels of enterprise culture and the internal communication channels of employees. Another interesting question is: which communication channel holds what level of efficiency?

Also, what preferences do people who accept information through them have? How much do they prefer them as ways to reach private or business goals? We will introduce the results of our research in this study.

Keywords: communication, online- offline efficiency, enterprise information flow.

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Changes in former industrial areas

Franciska Gubacsi

Szent Istvan University, Hungary francy.gubacsi@gmail.com

Industry and mining are major economic sectors. Decline and shutdown of these ectors caused a lots of negative impacts. Due to the formation of „rust belts”, they could not get out of their negative situation. I examined a few settlements, which are located in Central Europe and at Northern Hungary. My diverse surveys are based on calculations, secondary data, overview of professional studies, results of previous researches. The differences of their developement-trends were well discernible.

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The consumption of organic products according to a survey

Gabor Gyarmati

Obuda University Keleti Faculty of Business and Management, Hungary

gyarmati.gabor@kgk.uni-obuda.hu

The purpose of the study is to examine current consumer attitudes, characteristics, goals and opportunities according to university students. And to show what factors have led to the fact that the size and growth of domestic organic production at present is far below the Western characteristics.

The material and methodology of these studies are in-depth interviews and questionnaire surveys with consumers. Research takes some hipothesis. H1 is that the higher price of organic products is the reason for being lower consumption. H2 The students are not well informed in the methods of organic food. H3. The trust is very important in the commercial of organic food.

Keywords: Organic, consumption, trust, price, survey

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Recorded speech and the call center work

Beata Hajdu

Obuda University, Hungary hajdu.bea31@gmail.com

Call center staff generally have to deal with problematic clients, but work is often too monotonous. Burn-out and fluctuating characterize this area of work, so it is even more interesting that someone willingly undertake continuous follow-up, record every word, and later on, measure and evaluate him and his work. Recognizing the dissonance of the situation, I set the goal, I'll explore, and then analyze the attitude of the human resource worker in the call center and their relationship to observation. The basis for dissonance is in civil life, namely: no one likes to record every word, if listening to him even when the word is heard, aversion the man. Call center staff volunteer to do that in their full working hours they are alive by listening with all its consequences. The interception in question is not illegal, the legislators had the right background.

Keywords: Call center, interception, not illegal

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Adoption of biometrics in mobile devices

Esmeralda Kadena, Lourdes Ruiz

Obuda University Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Hungary

lourdes.ruiz@bgk.uni-obuda.hu

Mobile phones are quickly becoming the most popular and widely used form of communication. Mobile phones are commonly used for web-surfing, products and services payments as well as storing of sensitive data and information. The increasing number of users and security risks imply a need for an improved protection of users’

personal data, such as health information, personal identifiers, financial data and so on. One useful tool to address this need is biometric authentication. In this work we will analyze the adoption of biometrics in mobile devices by describing the past and present applications and how the future is shaping regarding this technology.

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The role of change management in sustainable operation of organizations

Peter Kartyas

Obuda University, Hungary kartyas.peter@bgk.uni-obuda.hu

The biggest challenge organizations nowadays face is the management of change, which can be sustainably handled through continuous improvement of the organizations' capabilities for learning. If they are able to properly manage the most important resource, which I believe to be not simply the human resource, but much rather the knowledge and knowing which manifest in their employees, they can achieve such a high level of adaption, where they can proactively react to most changes of their environment. For this continuous learning has to be implemented as an everyday method and behaviour amongst the employees. To achieve a sustainable level of continuous improvement, a firm basic for workers' commitment and satisfaction must be guaranteed.

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Development opportunities of the short supply chains

Konrad Kiss

Szent Istvan University, Hungary konrad.kiss@phd.uni-szie.hu

In the concentrated commerce it is problematic for the small-sized agricultiral producers to join into the modern chains. Taking parts in short supply chains (SSCs) is a supported alternate opportunity for them. Its most typical form in Hungary is the trades of local markets.

The more innovative SSC-forms are less spreaded than for eg. in some countries of Western Europe. This study presents the producers’ advices about the improvement of the state of the producing and SSC-trade in Hungary.

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Methods of alternative dispute resolution – from conflict to connection

Csilla Kohlhoffer-Mizser

Obuda University Keleti Faculty of Business and Management, Hungary

mizser.csilla@kgk.uni-obuda.hu

In the relationships between persons, the conflict appears by nature.

Mediation is one kind of procedures to solve a conflict. Mediation is based on the voluntary participation of the parties. Mediation is a voluntary process in which an impartial person (the mediator) helps with communication and promotes reconciliation between the parties which will allow them to reach a mutually acceptable agreement.

Mediation is a procedure facilitated by a neutral third-party who assists the parties in moving to resolution. The neutral third party has no control over the outcome of the case and conflict, but controls and directs the process itself, he or she is responsible for the procedure.

While court proceedings are authoritative, formalised and claim- oriented, mediation offers a flexible, self-determined approach in which all aspects of the conflict -independent of their legal relevance- may be considered. Against this background, mediation -in contrast to court proceedings- is described as alternative dispute resolution (ADR). The question is: to solve the conflict and find a solution or to transform a conflict and reshape the connection between the parties?

This publication tries to show a possible answer and researches the methods of mediation, which can be evaluative, restorative or transformative. This study examines, which fields of ADR use more often, either one or the other method.

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Assimilation-Contrast Theory for Supporting the Effect of Brand in Consumer Preferences

Elena Kokthi, Aniko Kelemen-Erdos European University of Tirana, Albania,

Obuda University Keleti Faculty of Business and Management, Hungary

elena.kokthi@uet.edu.al, kelemen.aniko@kgk.uni-obuda.hu

This experimental research measured the contribution of brand and product to the globally perceived quality of two well-known brands – namely, Coca-Cola and Pepsi. The assimilation-contrast approach was used to analyze the effect of brand on consumer perceptions. The experimental design elicited consumer preferences through liking scores in three different information conditions. Consumers did not differentiate in a blind test between the two tested products. In the label test, Coca-Cola received a higher score than Pepsi, indicating a stronger preference for the Coca-Cola brand. However, in conditions of full information, Pepsi received a higher score. From a methodological perspective, this research suggests that the assimilation-contrast approach is appropriate for evaluating brands from a consumer perspective in different cultural contexts.

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Gradual recovery of small and medium-sized enterprises in Serbia

Alexander Kosutic, Miroljub Hadzic Singidunum University, Serbia

kosuticaleksandar@yahoo.com

In this scientific research paper, we are trying to draw attention to the gradual recovery of the small and medium-sized enterprises sector in the Republic of Serbia, as well as to give an overview of all the factors that affect it. The development of the SME sector and entrepreneurs and the level of their competitiveness are key determinants of the Serbian economy successful future. Thus, we reach the main hypothesis in this paper: SMEs are affected by the crisis but are rapidly recovering and they are an important indicator of improved business conditions and several individual ones such as: knowledge and innovation are the key factor for the growth and development of small and medium-sized enterprises in modern economic conditions.

The performance of SMEs has been improving over the past several years, small and medium-sized enterprises, in accordance with all European Strategies and Strategies for small and medium-sized enterprises within our country, in the future will contribute to increasing employment and productivity of the workforce. The sector of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Republic of Serbia is developing in the good direction, achieves better results and certainly achieves progress in this regard. This can be especially seen in the innovative performance of small and medium-sized enterprises that are improving year after year.

Using the theoretical and empirical facts of the study, the main hypothesis of this scientific research paper was confirmed: The sector

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of small and medium-sized enterprises is emerging from the recession and is entering the phase of gradual recovery.

Keywords: small and medium-sized enterprises, innovative perfor- mance, business environment, sources of financing, competitiveness.

The situation of young farmers in the sand ridges (Homokhátság)

(partial results of a field research)

Iren Rita Koszegi

John von Neumann University, Hungary koszegi.iren@kvk.uni-neumann.hu

As far as the member states of the European Union are concerned, it can be said that besides the declining proportion of agricultural workers, even the number of young farmers is constantly decreasing.

In the strategy of Europe 2020: The intelligent, sustainable and inclusive growth, young agricultural growers are devoted a prominent role as taking the future of agriculture into consideration, this role is essential. In my research I am investigating the young smallholders of the southern region of the Great Hungarian Plain focusing on the young farmers of Homokhátság, as a significant section where there are agricultural properties of land of really poor quality. The farmers in Homokhátság dealing with fruit-and vine-growing or arable vegetable growing have tried to find the most suitable forms of agriculture. These characteristics cannot be found in other territories with poor fertility properties so Homokhátság can be considered as a good example.

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Financial independence of commune as a determinant of local development by the

example of Poland

Mateusz Łajewski

University of Białystok, Poland mat.lajewski@gmail.com

Financial independence is one of the most important determinants of sustainable local development. It provides ability to implement commissioned and own tasks by the communes. The goal of this article is to present the essence and level of Financial independence of communes in Poland. As a result of the survey, the index of communes financial independence does not exceed 50 % and it is different for various types of communes.

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How does trust influence the HR practices of companies

Kornelia Lazanyi

Obuda University Keleti Faculty of Business and Management, Hungary

lazanyi.kornelia@kgk.uni-obuda.hu

Trust is an interpersonal phenomenon that has far fetching consequences regarding the HR management of companies. Trust influences every sub-system, starting from branding, recruitment, and selection to internal mechanisms, such as retention, evaluation and performance management. In a trusting culture monitoring systems and human controlling are unnecessary, while performance management systems are driven by internal motivation and personal need for development. However, since trust is different in each and every generation, when creating a trusting culture, organisations have to take the distinctive features of each generation into account.

Present paper intends to focus on the characteristics of the Z generation. The aim of the paper is to present difficulties arising from various generations being present and working together within organisations. It also focuses on problems stemming from leading employees of various generations, especially from generation Y and Z.

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Examination of Economic Indicators Influencing Export Performance of Selected

Countries Between 2006-2016

Janos Loblin, Peter Foldi, Anna Szephegyi-Jonas King Sigismund University, Szent Istvan University, Budapest Business School (BGE), Hungary

jloblin@gmail.com, foldi.peter89@gmail.com, jonas.anna1@gmail.com

Certain components of the financial system and the regulation serve as framework to the corporate activity for longer run. Approaches to characterize the recent crisis and the protracting recovery of economic performance are quite different and disputes have not settled yet. This paper focuses on the time series of a few interconnected economic indicators of some European countries and the USA. The sudden fall and moderate recovery of the export markets require special attention in the light of the changing financial background. The analysis made it possible to draw parallel to some conclusions of previous empirical research studies based on corporate databases. In the light of the changing financial background more attention should be paid to he increasing importance of differences of underlying structural characteristics.

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Stakeholders’ involvement in sustainable tourism development: the case of Durres city,

in Albania

Grisilda Miftari, Drita Kruja European University of Tirana, Albania grisilda.miftari@uet.edu.al

Tourism is one of the most important industries in Albania. Because of its rapid growth, it is currently pressuring on the country's natural and cultural resources. The current trend to increase short-term profit, without considering long-term environmental impacts, is one of the main concerns for the future of the natural and cultural assets of the country. The development of sustainable values requires all the best use of environmental resources, as well as the replication of the social and cultural characteristics of local communities in order to provide benefits for all tourist actors in the future. Tourism as an inter- sectorial phenomenon requires the coordination and interaction of all actors and stakeholders. Creating a balance between the welfare of the tourists, the host community and the environment, reducing the conflict and recognizing common dependence, requires a special approach to managing destinations. The goals of sustainable development of Albanian tourism can be categorized in three groups:

economic prosperity, equality & social cohesion and cultural &

environmental protection. The purpose of this study is trying to identify the actual situation of different stakeholders’ involvement in sustainable tourism development, in one of the major cities in Albania that welcomed many tourists during the year, Durres, one of the hotspots of discussions about tourism issues in Albania. This study will provide a guide of representing the importance of stakeholders’

involvement in this city. Primary data were collected by in-depth

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interview with members of different stakeholders’ categories. The contribution of this study lies on proposing action plans to face the barriers to stakeholders’ involvement in sustainable tourism development planning. The limitation of this study is the lack of collected data by the large number of tourists who visited this city.

Gender and generational investigation of shopping locations

Peter Nemeth

University of Pecs, Hungary nemeth.peter@ktk.pte.hu

Investigating shopping behavior is quite common to be the part of a research. The examination of shopping locations is a special case of the shoppers’ behavior research because it requires special methodology. The aim of this study is to present differences of men’s and women’s generations in case of their opinions and habits about hopping locations. According to the results gender and generational differences exist in shopping and shopping locations.

SUPPORTED BY THE ÚNKP-17-3-IV. NEW NATIONAL EXCELLENCE PROGRAM OF THE MINISTRY OF HUMAN CAPACITIES

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Human Capital Accounting – the case of Albania

Krisela Ngjela, Ertila Druga European University of Tirana, Albania krisela.ngjela@uet.edu.al

Human capital is getting an increasingly important attention and significance inside the business entities nowadays and this intangible factor has started to prevail over the tangible ones. After the last decades of technology advancement and intellectual capital development, the focus on human capital issues is more than a tendency. Humans invest in the business units, therefore tangible assets are created, and humans create added value through the operations of these tangible assets. As a result, both tangible and intangible assets flow from these business activities. Financial report of the physical capital is one of the key components of financial accounting statements, producing information about financial figures and the financial performance of the business entities. These reports are subjects of the book-keeping and accounting standards, national and international ones. Should the financial accounting of human capital be part of these standards and statements? This paper aims to present and argue whether human capital should be part of the financial accounting statements in Albania, discussing also advantages and disadvantages of each argument and recommendation. The conclusions and the recommendations intended to indicate if the option of including it in financial accounting statements or through a detached reporting would be the appropriate resolution for the business entities in Albania.

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Integrated framework for analysis of supplier selection problem by using hybrid AHP – topsis methodology in fuzzy environment

Djordje Nikolic, Ivan Mihajlovic, Zivan Zivkovic, Dejan Bogdanovic, Goran Stojanovic

University of Belgrade, Serbia djnikolic@tfbor.bg.ac.rs

The selection of suppliers is representing one of the critical tasks of supply management. Therefore, this paper discuses an integrated decision making approach for group multi-criteria supplier selection problem. In proposed methodological framework the decision makers firstly used fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process method (FAHP) in order to determine the influences of each criterion, which were used for supplier’s evaluation. Thereafter, by using fuzzy TOPSIS technique, priority list of selected suppliers was defined. To demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of the proposed approach, an illustrative example is presented and the results were analyzed through additional sensitivity analysis.

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Project management practice in Hungarian bank sector

Istvan Norbert Papp Raiffeisen Bank Zrt., Hungary istvanpapp.re@gmail.com

The main goal of my thesis is to present the practice of banking project management in Hungary. Firstly, my thesis tries to position the role and macroeconomic signification of banking sector in our ountry. Secondly, it introduces what role projects play in the operation of corporations. Furthermore it provides a look out on special features of project management methodology in banking environment, comparing it with features of methodologies of other industries. Next, it analyses and assesses the success and failure factors of projects. In order to achieve my goal I conducted a questionnaire survey especially focusing on the answers of stakeholders and project managers in banking and other industries.

My survey was aimed at project managers and other related stakeholders in the field of IT, software development, telecommunication, automotive industries, oil companies, international financing corporations. The scope of my questionnaire was requirements of organizational structure of a project, risk planning and management, optimal schedule of a project. Based on the responses to the questions my thesis gives an indepth analysis of risk planning and managing. Finally, considering my prime sources of research and recommendations of the related literature I outlined a project management methodology giving a summary of theoretical knowledge and practical experience witch all in all can be considered optimal.

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Relationship Between Human Decisions and an Expert System

Peter Racz

Obuda University Keleti Faculty of Business and Management, Hungary

raczpeter93@gmail.com

It could be hard to make decisions in the mass of informations. Many stimuli veins us nowdays, we can not choose from only one or two options, we must make as objective decision as possible. Due to IT there are some softwares available on the market for supporting us to make decisions. The study shows the relationship between a quality manager’s decision of an investment at an automotive supplier and a knowledge-based expert system’s verdict of the same investment.

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Cherry-Picking in SCRUM – Hybrid approaches in IT Product Development and

Innovation

Philipp Rosenberger FH Campus Wien, Austria

philipp.rosenberger@fh-campuswien.ac.at

Agile development is getting more and more popular and also more software innovation projects are getting developed with agile approaches.

In the presentation "Cherry Picking in SCRUM" we will address the deep rooted vision, the authors of the Agile Manifesto had in mind, when describing agile development approaches like SCRUM.

SCRUM itself is so successful because it is super simple to understand and the rules and roles are clearly defined. But they didn't mean, that all projects should be developed exactly like defined in the SCRUM method. The wanted to have the teams just pick out the parts suitable for them. Especially in new product development projects, some characteristics of SCRUM culture and approach can cause troubles.

How can a project team know, when they will be finished, if the product backlog is constantly changing and developing? How can a market launch, which has clearly and strictly defined milestone be guaranteed in a culture that embraces change and uncertainty?

How can a software architect make smart architectural decisions, if just a product vision is defined and it is uncertain, what the end product will look like?

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The presentation will start with a discussion of critical aspects resulting from agile approaches and cultures and then will be followed by a selection of best practices and compromises to adapt the rigid "of-the-book" SCRUM rules and make them more suitable to product innovation and new product development IT projects.

100% SCRUM works perfectly when you have an up and running system like Spotify for example and when you have a team that is constantly improving this product or service in every single sprint.

But there are many different kinds of IT projects out there and sometimes 70% SCRUM and 30% classic project culture can work better.

Thinking fast and slow in business decisions

Tamas Sneider

Obuda University Keleti Faculty of Business and Management, Hungary

tamassneider90@gmail.com

Economics is built on the assumption that humans are rational beings with clear and consistent preferences, based on which they can maximize utility. Behavioral economics aims to confute this view and explain why real-life decisions are often completely different from what classic economic theories would predict by finding patterns in what seems to be irrational behavior. In this article, I review significant pieces of literature and present the results of my research, showing that the heuristics, biases and fallacies described in the literature can be clearly predicted in advance.

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Financial awareness of retirement savings:

analysis of a survey in Hungary

Zsolt Szabo

Obuda University, Hungary tamassneider90@gmail.com

One of the most significant societal changes that threaten the Member States of the European Union is the high aging of the population and its present and expected impact on economies and the pension security of citizens. Numerous studies prove that the state pension will not be enough to cover retirement spending altogether. It is anticipated that maintaining a retirement level at an appropriate level will require some pension savings in addition to the state pension. The study consists of three parts. The first section presents the present and future trends of the European Union's population on the basis of demographic and statistical data and its economic impact on the development of public pensions. The second section presents the forms and possibilities of financial savings, with particular regard to the possibilities for pension savings. The third part presents the theoretical basis of the research project "The role of self-care in our life" and the related questionnaire behavior in the field of economics research.

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Factor based investments

Zsombor Szatmary

Erste Bank, Hungary

E-mail: szatmaryzs@gmail.com

Smart beta strategies provide investors with exposure to baskets of securities with fundamentally or technically attractive characteristics, sometimes called “factors.” Present paper endeavours to explore how investment decisions are based on factors.

This kind of investment and allocation strategy contains elements of active and passive

 incorporates elements of fundamental and technical security analysis

 factors may enable us to better gauge active managers’

performance.

Main building blocks: etfs, basket, stocks

 capitalizes on dividend yields, valuation changes, and earnings growth

 factors based on shared characteristics

 cost-efficient alternative to active management Risk/return profile

 reward for risk

 exists to provide risk compensation or to reflect security mispricings due to behavioral biases or market frictions

 historically provided long-term positive, diversifying excess returns



demonstrate cyclicality and significant drawdowns when used on their own

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Employee benefits practice in Slovakia

Zsuzsanna Szeiner, Adam Szobi

J. Selye University, Slovakia szeinerzsu@gmail.com

Nowadays we can observe the shortage of workforce with the skills required - for a growing number of vacancies, - that makes looming problem for the companies in the region. Due to the shortage of suitable candidates, it is quite common that companies are struggling to hire new talents and retain the existing one. Several nternational researches (Blanchard, 2003) have shown, that traditional „money based” compensation cannot be the sufficient tool in the previous mentioned competition. According to an old business proverb, only employees who themselves are well treated will be loyal to their employer (and treat the customers well). It is, of course, important to acknowledge that this aim can most easily be achieved by creating a motivating working environment and a pleasant and flexible organizational structure, all of which enables employees to produce their best. Recognizing the value represented by employee benefits is, in fact, of increased importance in complicated situations such as those recently experienced. The category of ‘employee benefits’

comprises the whole range of non-wage ‘reward tools’, and there is, in fact, no company which does not provide some benefits to its employees. However the aim of the employers providing benefits is more or ess similar, we can explore huge differences in the way they are providing them and the amount of provided benefits compared to the wage. Determinative disparities can be identified in the context of significant differences in the field of labor law regulation. There is no doubt that the need for comparativism is growing, due to the ever expanding communications and information technology, as international cooperation develops and the free ovement of labour increases. This study, based upon a research, arranged in 2016 provides insight into the Slovak practice of employee benefits.

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Gendering technical professions and secondary school science education in

Hungary

Valeria Szekeres

Obuda University Keleti Faculty of Business and Management, Hungary

szekeres.valeria@kgk.uni-obuda.hu

Formal schooling is a major agent in reinforcing cultural expectations for males and females. Socialization in schools occurs through various channels such as classroom interactions and subject choices.

Girls may feel obliged to fit into a pre-determined tereotypical model of femininity. The paper deals with gendering technology and secondary school science education. The research was based on focus groups with female students and interviews with teachers about familiarity and feelings concerning tech fields and the factors behind.

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Fear of autonomous vehicles

Peter Szikora, Nikolett Madarasz

Obuda University Keleti Faculty of Business and Management, Hungary

szikora.peter@kgk.uni-obuda.hu, niki0427@freemail.hu

Self-driving cars are not only examined by international literature, but are also gaining ground as vehicles on the road in the near future. The present paper endeavours to explore international literature related to the various stages of automatization in vehicles and intends to present the social aspect of (semi) autonomous vehicles in traffic. A primary research and its results will be presented regarding the aversions and fears of automatization within a population of gen Z respondents.

The influence factors of the rational production in the hungarian agriculture

Diana Szucs

Szent Istvan University, Hungary szucsdiana@gmail.com

How is it possible that the Hungarian agriculture is not competitive despite its good geographical features and professionals with decades of relevant experience? What are those external factors that would satisfy the consumers' needs in a more rational way? Which variables must be taken into consideration to foster the exploitation of the opportunities created by the new Common Agricultural Policy's framework?

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How we choose our apps?

Kata Rebeka Szucs

IBM, Hungary

szucs.rebi@gmail.com

Mobile phones and applications are affecting almost every aspect of our lives including the way we think about our health and fitness.

There are countless applications helping us keeping or tracing a healthier diet, helping us during workouts and tracking our sleeps.

But how do we choose the apps we download? Do we consider design, functions or anything else? Do we consider safety as well?

This article seeks the answers to these questions and the motives behind the usage of health and fitness apps based on focus group interviews.

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Innovative marketing strategies of a small domestic enterprise on the continuously

changing laboratory market

Anita Tolnay Lab-Ex Kft., Hungary tolnay.anita@labex.hu

The topic of my thesis work is the analysis of the micro and macro environment of a small enterprise operating on the market of chemical laboratory technology related products and services as a distributor of international manufacturers, also analyzing its market opportunities and overviewing the possible and necessary actions to be taken to grow its market share. Starting my presentation with an overview on the company’s history, followed by the STEEP analysis of the macro environment. I’ll highlight the importance of the efficient delivery and service of the target market by the distributed laboratory products’. At the start of the company’s operation the company had not diversed its product portfolio but solely focused its whole operation on trading as an exclusively authorized distributor of a well- known, significant Australian – American enterprise, a manufacturer of high-end laboratory-technological instruments. In the beginning of the new millennium, the represented manufacturer lagged far behind from its competitors as it negligated innovative technical development which lead to a serious loss of market share. A decade later the company merged with one of the largest international manufacturers. As the result of the fusion, the new holding had restructured its operation in order to increase efficiency. Overviewing the performance of the European distributors the newly merged international manufacturer had decided to reallocate the network of distributors. In conclusion the company lost its flagship partner at the

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end of 2010. Following this unfortunate situation the company started an unreasonable row of marketing actions without any conception or strategic planning. Soon it resulted in descending efficiency and loss of market share. Defining the alignment of changes below I’ll identify the threats and opportunities of the external market environment as well as the internal strengths and weaknesses of the company using the frame of SWOT analysis, focusing on the new trend of laboratory centralization and the new demand of target groups. Concluding I’ll determine the business goals in sake of the successful future market operation, such as improving our market position, growing the market share, increasing our annual turnover. Providing a solution to the factors and problems discovered during the analysis process I will specify 3 strategic directions of growth, market and product development and diversification, for which I’ll apply the Ansoff matrix used for portfolio analysis. In my proposal solution I’ll point out a marketing action program with the help of the 4P model for the company’s new strategic imperatives. Below I’ll appoint the critical initiatives of the new market strategy in reflection of value added service key roles as scientific counselling, installation, training and continuous maintenance of laboratory instruments. The main goal is to provide excellent value added services to build up long term relationships with the partners based on mutual benefits and trust through highly educated cross-functionally skilled sales team. During the implementation of the new marketing strategy, activity effectiveness will be measured as well as continuous feedback on the terminated changes and results given, monitoring parallel the competition’s activities performed on the market.

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The Ethics of Tax Rates

Gabor Toth

Obuda University Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Hungary

gabortoth.tg@gmail.com

This paper examines the ethics of tax rates. Its aim is to determine how efficient the utilization of tax incomes has been in certain countries. I will examine if the efficiency of tax transfers is influenced by the tax burdens shifting towards citizens and companies. From the point of view of economic ethics, I differentiate between good and bad economic policies, based on which, according to the ethical quality of applied tax rates and tax transfers, I classify the examined countries and their tax policies into four clusters. Reflecting the qualities of the examined factors, the clusters were given Biblical names in one of my earlier studies, i.e. Zacchaeus; the prodigal son;

the lost sheep; the unjust steward. In this present study, I compare the equilibrium tax rates and the rate of income tax on living labour and companies to their social utility. When calculating equilibrium tax rates, I assume that the rate of tax transfers and available wealth and incomes have an influence on their extent. Social utility is defined through social and anthropological indicators characteristic of the examined countries. As an improvement to my earlier study, I examine the source of tax transfers, touching upon whether deviation from the equilibrium suggests bad economic policy.

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Innovations connected to methanol in the service of Blue Economy

Judit Toth

Szent Istvan University, Hungary toth.judit@adepto.hu

Based on the theory known as „blue economy”, in order to overcome certain problems of man kind - for example energy production and consumption -, we must recognize and use some methods given to us by nature. This may be provided to us by new innovations that think according to system theory, that is, occupy the exceptionally effective self-regulating processes of nature in the economy. Methanol may play a key role in succeeding sustainability regarding nature, economy and society.

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HUNLYWOOD – the most important challenges of the hungarian film industry

Cyntia Valocikova

Obuda University Keleti Faculty of Business and Management, Hungary

helloimtia@gmail.com

Arts in general are the source and resource of any free time activities.

Cinema-going is one of them being a highly preferred cultural entertainment. Indeed, movies as an essential part of cultural enjoyment are fairly popular. Moreover they are becoming an ever more engaging experience, all thanks to constant investment and creativity from the cinema industry. Although the European Union supports national cultural activities and investments, unfortunately the dominance of American success movies (blockbusters) hard to outweigh. The Hungarian cinema industry is getting more dominance mainly because of the strategies of the European Union. According to the statistical data, the Hungarian market share of national films’

admission is relatively low. It seems that the Hungarians do not really like national movies not even some those, highly successful and internationally awarded. The aim of this study is observing the Hungarian consumption (cinema-going) habits and the audience’s demographics of Hungarian national movie viewers. Answering the questions finding and exploring of secondary data were summarized and I used quantitative methods to find out the biggest challenges of Hungarian film industry.

Keywords: cinema industry, European Union cinematography, consumption habits, support system, strategies, economic challenges

SUPPORTED BY THE ÚNKP-17-2 NEW NATIONAL EXCELLENCE PROGRAM OF THE MINISTRY OF HUMAN CAPACITIES.

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SME Moral Hazard

Gyorgy Vas

SME Development Center, Hungary gyorgy.vas@uni-corvinus.hu

Adverse selection and moral hazard are empirical research themes for the SME’s financing after the local and international crises of the 90’s and recently after the world-crises starting in 2007. Although several empirical evidence is available for commercial and development banking related issues, the direct subsidies of the European Union and the partner states have not been investigated yet.

Moral hazard has to be first generalized for state-aid related issues, incorporating the social surplus as value created by subsidized firms.

As firm owners might transfer bank loans into private benefits, in case of direct subsidies firms utilize government funds without contributing to any increase in social surplus, i.e. we interpret moral hazard irrespective from private benefits and consider only the social surplus elements of the fund transfers.

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Change of demands in the real-estate market

Andras Vass

Obuda University Keleti Faculty of Business and Management, Hungary

vass.andras@rh.uni-obuda.hu

Recently, the Hungarian real-estate prices went through an intense growth, which can be consider as a part of the cyclic nature of the market. This growth was the most significant in Hungary’s capital, Budapest. Although it is expected, by experts, it will slow significantly by the end of 2017 and eventually stop. This change has influenced the buyers’ behaviour, and preferences in selecting their own ideal house or apartment. The purpose of my research is to prove, that the habits of purchasing housings has changed in the last few years.

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Preference-based Buying Decisions – A Multidisciplinary Approach

Zoltan Veres

University of Pannonia, Hungary veres.zoltan@gtk.uni-pannon.hu

Consumer behaviour in ranking/rating/choice of products becomes inconsistent, and in most cases intransitive. Measurement of preferences determining product choice has a long history in consumer research. There exist many competing points of view among the various theoretical approaches dealing with this topic, but none of them has become dominant. It is to note that not only consumer behavior researchers are concerned with the problem, but those of economics, psychology, decision theory, mathematical psychology and marketing, as well.

Attribute importance, indifference, utility interval, instability, experience and complexity are all playing role in preference-based choices. In the case of conscious choice consumer evaluates the available alternatives based on certain criteria, and applying a decision rule selects one of the options (in a so-called rule-based decision). All existing rankings and assessment of alternatives are impossible, in fact, it is simply not possible to know all the options.

Evaluation criteria can be anything, along which the various alternatives could be compared such as flavour, colour, price, quality, performance, etc. We can model position of choice decisions as it is located in a continuum. One end of the continuum represents the conscious buyer who is able to fully control his/her decision. To the other end of the continuum that consumer is placed who makes his/her decision in a fully random way. The latter one decides, just as by choosing "heads or tails" (like for example, by “flipping” the coin).

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The two endpoints of the decision continuum, for the sake of simplicity, are called fully self-controlled vs. fully random decisions.

The real decision-making i.e. the non-extreme behavior is located between the two endpoints. The actual position of this maximum likelihood point is a function of numerous factors, and in fact, also the natural range of the intransitive choices is between the two extremes.

We cannot avoid the question if consumer’s product choice decision is conscious at all. Characteristically there is no consensus in this polemics even among schools of consumer psychology. For example Dijksterhuis et al. can be referred: „Only a limited number of choices are based on conscious information processing strategies. The rest of the variance left to explain is caused by unconscious effects of all kinds of subtle cues in the environment.”. This statement has been oppugned – and partly softened – by Simonson: „...choices are determined primarily by conscious, willful information processing of pertinent, task-relevant inputs, such as various interpretations of the options’ attributes and their fit with the person’s perceived preferences. …conscious accounts of choice behavior have a major advantage over unconscious influences… (This) does not mean that decision makers are aware of the processes and the various factors…

that influence their responses.” To achieve a scientific consensus broadening of research approach is needed.

Khaloud Abdulla Al-Sulaiti Szent Istvan University, Hungary khaloudsulaiti@gmail.com

Table of Contents

Khaloud Abdulla Al-Sulaiti Szent Istvan University, Hungary khaloudsulaiti@gmail.com

Drivers of shadow economy in transition countries during the post-crisis period: the

results of structural model

Milica Arsić, Aleksandra Fedajev University of Belgrade, Serbia

afedajev@tfbor.bg.ac.rs

Why the Apple? Preferences of the „Z”

generation for communications tools in the light of Apple products

Balint Botos, Bernadett Almadi, Tibor Pal Szilagyi Obuda University, Hungary

botos.balint@hotmail.com

How to finance renewable energy projects – facts and trends

Agnes Csiszarik-Kocsir

The Raise of Populism in Central and Eastern Europe – A Quantitative Approach

Adela Danaj

European University of Tirana, Albania adela.danaj@uet.edu.al

Consumer Preferences analysis for Reduced Pesticides in Albania

Silvana Dervishi, Elena Kokthi, Grisilda Miftari Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania

grisilda.miftari@uet.edu.al

How do we pay tax? – Taxation-related behaviors

Piroska Dobos

Óbuda University Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Hungary

d.piri@globalprofit.hu

Background Data Mining for an Information Security Awareness Education Program –

Reasons, Possibilities, Methodologies

Jeno Duchon

National Tax and Customs Administration of Hungary duchon.jeno@gmail.com

How Can the Competitiveness of a Hungarian Agricultural Enterprise Be Increased?

The Mushroom Verticum in Focus, in Light of the Employees' Contentedness

Fanni Ildikó Fodor, Maohua Li, Tibor Pál Szilágyi, Bernadett Almádi

Szent Istvan University, Hungary almadi.bernadett@gtk.szie.hu

Career path, and the generation-specific perspective system of successful career

starting

Monika Fodor, Katalin Jackel, Tibor Pal Szilagyi Obuda University Keleti Faculty of Business and

Management, Hungary

fodor.monika@kgk.uni-obuda.hu

How should I tell you - Enterprise communication in the SME sector

Sándor Gáspár, Seyyed Amir Vafaei, Mónika Fodor, Bernadett Almádi

Szent Istvan University, Hungary almadi.bernadett@gtk.szie.hu

Changes in former industrial areas

Franciska Gubacsi

Szent Istvan University, Hungary francy.gubacsi@gmail.com

The consumption of organic products according to a survey

Gabor Gyarmati

Obuda University Keleti Faculty of Business and Management, Hungary

gyarmati.gabor@kgk.uni-obuda.hu

Recorded speech and the call center work

Beata Hajdu

Obuda University, Hungary hajdu.bea31@gmail.com

Adoption of biometrics in mobile devices

Esmeralda Kadena, Lourdes Ruiz

Obuda University Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Hungary

lourdes.ruiz@bgk.uni-obuda.hu

The role of change management in sustainable operation of organizations

Peter Kartyas

Obuda University, Hungary kartyas.peter@bgk.uni-obuda.hu

Development opportunities of the short supply chains

Konrad Kiss

Szent Istvan University, Hungary konrad.kiss@phd.uni-szie.hu

Methods of alternative dispute resolution – from conflict to connection

Csilla Kohlhoffer-Mizser

Obuda University Keleti Faculty of Business and Management, Hungary

mizser.csilla@kgk.uni-obuda.hu

Assimilation-Contrast Theory for Supporting the Effect of Brand in Consumer Preferences

Elena Kokthi, Aniko Kelemen-Erdos European University of Tirana, Albania,

Obuda University Keleti Faculty of Business and Management, Hungary

elena.kokthi@uet.edu.al, kelemen.aniko@kgk.uni-obuda.hu

Gradual recovery of small and medium-sized enterprises in Serbia

Alexander Kosutic, Miroljub Hadzic Singidunum University, Serbia

kosuticaleksandar@yahoo.com

The situation of young farmers in the sand ridges (Homokhátság)

(partial results of a field research)

Iren Rita Koszegi

John von Neumann University, Hungary koszegi.iren@kvk.uni-neumann.hu

Financial independence of commune as a determinant of local development by the

example of Poland

Mateusz Łajewski

University of Białystok, Poland mat.lajewski@gmail.com

How does trust influence the HR practices of companies

Kornelia Lazanyi