East Central Europe in the 19th and 20th
centuries
Population
1880 Population
1910 Rate of illitricity 1910
Agricultural Population 1910
Hands in
factories Railway (kms) 1910(1938)
Motori- sation
(czech: 1,8)
Hungary 15,8 20,9 33 60 600 000 22 000
(no new) 0,6
Bulgaria 2,8 4,3 72 85 15 000 2 000
(2700)
Roumania 4,6 7 78 85 50 000
(oil) 3 500
(12000) 0,3
Serbia 1,7 2,9 79 80 16 000 1 000 0,3
Austria 22,1 28,4 25 39 2 000 000 20 000
Poland 72 300 000 17 800
(18 300) 0,3
Land reform 1919-1938
Land reform
(1919) Above (ha) Repartitioned
territory Among …
peoples Remained big
estates (% of lands)
Tractors
1/… ha Fertilizers
Kg/ha 1938
Produc-tivity ‚30s (taken EU
average as 100)
Hungary No upper limit 700 000 250 000 43 829 2 78
Bulgaria 30 in general
50 in mountains 133 000 173 000 1,6
(over 50 ha) 1 500 1,8 47
Czeko-slovakia 150 (promised) 1 300 000 40
(over 500 ha) 105
Poland 2 650 000
5 400 000 734 000 n 859 000 c
Romania 100-500 6 300 000 1 400 000 27
(above 100 ha) 4600 0,2 48
Yugoslavia 50 2 480 000 650 000 9,7
(over 50 ha) 3400 1 38
Area (square kms)
Population (in
thousands)
Income/
capita agriculture industry other Industrial production (of European average)
Poland 388 000 27 200 100 39 32,2 28,8 1/3
Roumania 304 000 17 600 81 53,2 28,4 18,4 1/6
Yugoslavia 248 000 12 000 80 53,6 22,1 24,3
Czekoslovak
ia 140 000 136 000 170 23,2 53,2 23,6 2/3
Bulgaria 103 000 4 900 75 63,3 18,3 18,4
Hungary 92 000
(325 000) 78 000 120 36,5 35,7 27,8 43%
Austria 85 000 6 500 190 35 43 22 2/3
