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CENTRALRESEARCHINSTITUTE FORPHYSICSBUDAPEST S^an^axian S&cadem j/ oj eSciencej KFKI-70-32 RPT vK

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vK Ъ Ь . Д Ц -

L. Szabados I. Tóth

KFKI-70-32 RPT

FOURIER-I, A COMPUTER PR O G R A M FO R FUEL ELEMENT THERMAL DESIGN

S ^ a n ^ a x ia n S& cadem j/ o j eS cien cej

CENTRAL RESEARCH

INSTITUTE FOR PHYSICS

BUDAPEST

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F0UR1ER-I, A COMPUTER PROGRAM POR FUEL ELEMENT THERMAL DESIGN

by

L. S z a b a d o s - I . T ó t h

SUMMARY

P r e d i c t i o n o f f u e l e l e m e n t b e h a v i o r i n h o t c o n d i t i o n s i s q u i t e c o m p l i c a t e d , m a i n l y b e c a u s e o f t h e t e m p e r a t u r e d e p e n d e n c e o f t h e m a t e r i a l p r o p e r t i e s . To c a r r y o u t t h i s t y p e o f c a l c u l a t i o n t h e FOURIER-I c o d e was w r i t t e n i n ICL-FORTRAN.

1 . INTRODUCTION

The power o u t p u t i n n u c l e a r r e a c t o r s i s l i m i t e d by some c h a r a c t e r ­ i s t i c t e m p e r a t u r e s i n t h e s y s t e m . The maximum t e m p e r a t u r e s i n t h e c o r e mu st be d e f i n i t e l y e s t a b l i s h e d so t h a t we can make s u r e t h a t t h e c o o l i n g s y s t e m w i l l be a d e q u a t e u n d e r s t e a d y s t a t e and t r a n s i e n t c o n d i t i o n s .

The most i m p o r t a n t p a r a m e t e r s on a c o r e ’ s t h e r m a l p e r f o r m a n c e a r e t h e f u e l r o d l i n e a r p o w e r , t h e f u e l ’ s s p e c i f i c p o w e r , t h e s u r f a c e h e a t f l u x a n d t h e h e a t t r a n s f e r r a t e . The maximum v a l u e o f s u r f a c e h e a t f l u x i s d e t e r ­ mi n ed by t h e h e a t t r a n s f e r r a t e , w h ic h i s l i m i t e d by t h e b o i l i n g c r i s i s . F o r a g i v e n s u r f a c e h e a t f l u x , t h e f u e l r o d s i z e / d i a m e t e r / i s . d e t e r m i n e d , a s a c om p ro m is e b e t w e e n f u e l c e n t e r t e m p e r a t u r e and p o w e r d e n s i t y .

A h i g h power d e n s i t y i s r e q u i r e d t o m i n i m i z e t h e f u e l i n v e n t o r y . The c e n t e r t e m p e r a t u r e i s l i m i t e d t o a v o i d a s i g n i f i c a n t m e e t i n g o f f u e l , c l a d s w e l l i n g and a h i g h r e l e a s e o f f i s s i o n g a s e s .

Once t h e f u e l e l e m e n t g e o m e t r y h a s b e e n d e t e r m i n e d , t o c a l c u l a t e t e m p e r a t u r e d i s t r i b u t i o n t h e c o n d u c t a n c e i n t h e p e l l e t - c l a d gap o r a t t h e c o n t a c t s u r f a c e h a s t o be e v a l u a t e d .

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2

The FOURIER-I p r o g r a m c a l c u l a t e s t h e h o t d i a m e t r a l g a p s b e t w e e n f u e l a nd c l a d , t h e r m a l c o n d u c t a n c e in. t h e g a p , c o n t a c t p r e s s u r e b e t w e e n f u e l a n d c l a d and t h e c o n d u c t a n c e a nd c h a r a c t e r i s t i c t e m p e r a t u r e s i n t h e f u e l e l e m e n t .

The e m p i r i c a l r e l a t i o n s c o v e r UC^ f u e l o f 95 % T . D . , ZR-2 and s t a i n l e s s s t e e l / S S -3O4/ c l a d . The gap g a s c a n be a i r , h e l i u m o r f i s s i o n g a s . C o l d r o d g e o m e t r y a n d h e a t g e n e r a t i o n r a t e i s t o be e n t e r e d a s i n p u t .

2. CALCULATION METHOD

2 . 1 . C l a d

Knowing t h e c l a d s u r f a c e t e m p e r a t u r e , t h e a v e r a g e t e m p e r a t u r e o f t h e c l a d c a n be d e t e r m i n e d by

= Tc ,0 3 - dc ,0 In c ,0

* С , 1

111 The v a l u e s o f t h e a v e r a g e t e m p e r a t u r e Tc and t h e c o e f f i c i e n t s kQ , a c , d an d d . c a n be c a l c u l a t e d by a n i t e r a t i o n p r o c e d u r e u s i n g e m p i r i c a l

C f О C 91

e x p r e s s i o n s f o r t h e t e m p e r a t u r e d e p e n d e n c e o f t h e s e p a r a m e t e r s . D ep endence o f к a n d a on t e m p e r a t u r e / f o r b o t h SS- 304 a nd Z R - 2 / i s i n c l u d e d i n

c c

t h e code i n p o l y n o m i a l f o r m . 2 . 2 Gap and f u e l

T e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e f u e l c l a d gap i s c a l c u l a t e d by t h e f o l l o w i n g e q u a t i o n :

ЛТ* - • l n + 1 ' ' 2 '

g p

wher e к = к / Т / ; a = a / Т / ; a n d d = d / а / Т / / . To s t a r t i t e r a t i o n we

О о Jr Jr jr r X7

c a n g e t a v a l u e f o r AT a c c o r d i n g t o s

ATg = Д . , / 3 /

n t wher e t h e t o t a l gap c o n d u c t a n c e i s g i v e n by

ь = h

t _ 1 + f kg

T e m p e r a t u r e d e p e n d e n c e s o f t h e gap c o n d u c t a n c e / f o r h e l i u m , a i r a nd f i s s i o n g a s / a nd o f t h e f u e l e x p a n s i o n c o e f f i c i e n t a r e a c c o u n t e d f o r , a g a i n i n p o l y n o m i a l f o r m .

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- з -

2 . 3 C o n t a c t p r e s s u r e a n d c o n d u c t a n c e

The i t e r a t i o n d e s c r i b e d i n 2 . 2 may y i e l d a v a l u e f o r dp , e x c e e d i n g t h e v a l u e o f d . , w h i ch means t h a t t h e f u e l and t h e c l a d h a v e come i n t o

c ,1

c o n t a c t . As t h i s r e s u l t s i n a c h a n g e i n t h e h e a t t r a n s f e r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e r o d - and i n t h e m e c h a n i c a l s t r e s s e s u p o n f u e l a nd c l a d , t h e code c a l c u l a t e s t h e c o n t a c t p r e s s u r e a nd c o n d u c t a n c e b e t w e e n t h e f u e l and c l a d ; t h e l a t t e r i s e v a l u a t e d as a f u n c t i o n o f t h e f o r m e r a c c o r d i n g t o t h e r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d by Dean [ l ] .

I t i s e v i d e n t t h a t i f c o n t a c t o c c u r s , t h e above c o n s i d e r a t i o n s must be t a k e n i n t o a c c o u n t when t h e i t e r a t i o n 2 . 2 i s p e r f o r m e d ; h^ b e i n g r e p l a c e d by h c .

3 . INPUT INSTRUCTIONS

I n p u t d a t a c a n be p u n c h e d on p a p e r t a p e o r o n c a r d . The e x p r e s s i o n

" c a r d ” i s u s e d f o r one r e c o r d / o n e l i n e / o f t h e p a p e r t a p e . Car d No. 1 . FORMAT / 7 1 2 /

c h a r . 1 - 2: IMR, c l a d d i n g m a t e r i a l i n d i c a t o r , d i m e n s i o n l e s s . IMR = 0 , i f c l a d i s o f s t a i n l e s s s t e e l ;

IMR = +1, i f c l a d i s o f z i r c a l o y , . c h a r . 3 - 4s I G S , c o o l a n t i n d i c a t o r , d i m e n s i o n l e s s .

IGS = 0 , i f t h e r e i s l o c a l b o i l i n g i n c o o l a n t » IGS = +1, i f c o o l i n g i s by f o r c e d c o n v e c t i o n ,

c h a r . 5~ 6: INGP, number o f gap g a s t y p e s t o be u s e d by t h e p r o g r a m , d i m e n s i o n l e s s . / S e e C a r d No. 5 / .

INGP = 3

c h a r . 7~ 8s I Q 1 , number o f l i n e a r h e a t f l u x v a l u e s , d i m e n s i o n l e s s . IQ1 = 9

c h a r . 9~10: I D P , number o f p e l l e t d i a m e t e r s , d i m e n s i o n l e s s . I DP = 9

c h a r . 1 1 - 1 2 : I DE, number o f c l a d o u t e r d i a m e t e r s , d i m e n s i o n l e s s . IDE = 9

c h a r . 1 3-1 4J I P O , number o f gap g a s p r e s s u r e s . IPO = 9

Car d No. 2. FORMAT / З Е 1 4 . 8 /

c h a r . 1 - 1 4 Г S , w a l l t h i c k n e s s o f c l a d , i n c h e s .

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4

c h a r . 1 5 - 2 8 : TS, c l a d s u r f a c e t e m p e r a t u r e i f t h e r e i s l o c a l b o i l i n g i n c o o l a n t ;

c o o l a n t t e m p e r a t u r e i f c o o l i n g i s by f o r c e d c o n v e c t i o n ? P ° .

c h a r . 2 9 - 4 2 : H, c l a d - c o o l a n t h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t , i f c o o l i n g i s by f o r c e d c o n v e n c t i o n ;

B t u / h r / f t 2 / ° P ?

l e f t b l a n k i f t h e r e i s l o c a l b o i l i n g .

C a r d No. 3- FORMAT / З Е 1 4 - 8 /

c h a r . 1 - 1 4 : RM1, s u r f a c e r o u g h n e s s o f p e l l e t , mi nch.

c h a r . 1 5 - 2 8 : RM2, s u r f a c e r o u g h n e s s o f c l a d , m i n c h . c h a r . 2 9 - 4 2 : TU02, p e l l e t s u r f a c e t e m p e r a t u r e , ° P . C a r d No. 4- FORMAT / 4 Е 1 4 - 8 /

c h a r . 1 - 1 4 : CNU, P o i s s i o n modu lus o f c l a d , d i m e n s i o n l e s s , c h a r . 1 5 - 2 8 : PNU, P o i s s i o n modul us o f p e l l e t , d i m e n s i o n l e s s , c h a r . 29~42: EC, m o d u l u s o f e l a s t i c i t y o f c l a d , p s i .

c h a r . 43-5 6: E P , m o d u l u s o f e l a s t i c i t y o f p e l l e t , p s i . C a r d No. 5* FORMAT / 3 1 3 /

N G A P / I / , I = 1 , . . . I NGP , gap g a s i n d i c a t o r s , d i m e n s i o n l e s s . The f o l l o w i n g v a l u e s s h o u l d a p p e a r :

+1 f o r a i r , +2 f o r h e l i u m ,

+3 f o r f i s s i o n g a s i n g a p . C a r d No. 6. FORMAT / 5 Е 1 4 . 8 /

Q l / I / , I = 1 , . . . I Q 1 , v a l u e s o f l i n e a r h e a t f l u x , k W / f t C a r d No. 7 . FORMAT / 5 Е 1 4 - 8 /

D P F / I / , I = 1 , . . i I D P , v a l u e s o f p e l l e t d i a m e t e r , i n c h C a r d No. 8 . FORMAT / 5 Е 1 4 . 8 / ,

D E F / I / , I = 1 , I . I DE, v a l u e s o f c l a d o u t e r d i a m e t e r s , i n c h .

C a r d No. 9*

РО/ I / , I = 1 , . . . I P O , v a l u e s o f g a p gas p r e s s u r e , p s i a .

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5

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

The c ode u s e s one i n p u t and one o u t p u t p e r i p h e r a l u n i t and r e q u i r e s 8K words i n t h e c o r e memory o f a n ICL 1905 c o m p u t e r .

NOMENCLATURE d - d i a m e t e r

h - j o i n t h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t f o r p e l l e t - g a s and g a s - c l a d i n t e r f a c e s . A v a l u e o f h = 1200 B t u / h r / f t 2/ ° P i s a s s u m e d i n t h e c o d e .

h^ - t o t a l h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t o f g a p . = E + F T ' h - h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t f o r t h e p e l l e t -

c

c l a d i n t e r f a c e i n c a s e o f c o n t a c t , к - c o e f f i c i e n t o f t h e r m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y , q - h e a t f l u x on o u t e r s u r f a c e o f c l a d . T - t e m p e r a t u r e

a - t h e r m a l e x p a n s i o n c o e f f i c i e n t . S u b s c r i p t s :

c c l a d

c , i - i n n e r s u r f a c e o f c l a d

C , 0 - o u t e r s u r f a c e o f c l a d

g gap

p p e l l e t

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г

-

6

-

REFERENCES

[1] R. A. D e a n , T h e r m a l c o n t a c t c o n d u c t a n c e b e t w e e n ц 0 2 and Z i r c a l o y - 2 , CVNA 127«

[2] L . S . T o n g , H e a t T r a n s f e r i n W a t e r - C o o l e d N u c l e a r R e a c t o r s . N u c l e a r E n g i n e e r i n g and D e s i g n 6 , / 1 9 6 7 / p p . 3 0 1 - 3 2 4

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P r i n t e d ' i n t h e C e n t r a l R e a e a r c h I n s t i t u t e f o r P h y s i c s , B u d a p e s t , Hungary

K i a d j a a KFKI K ö n y v t á r - K i a d ó i O s z t á l y a O . v . j j Dr . F a r k a s I s t v á n n á

Szakmai l e k t o r : V i g a s s y J ó z s e f N y e l v i l e k t o r : Z o b o r E r v i n

K é s z ü l t a KFKI h á z i s o k s z o r o s í t ó j á b a n . F . v . : Gyenes I mre

P é l d á n y s z á m : 140 Munakszám: 5243 B u d a p e s t , 1970 n ov e m b e r 13

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