The view of globalisation

It unequivocally became clear that globalisation became our ordinary life, nobody can get out of this fact.¹ In some cases when for instance we purchase branded or modern electronic goods we have to face that China or other Asian countries are marked as distributors, due to this fact consumers think of globalisatioin as a swear-word. today it is commonplace that a non-Chinese product is a sham. It became natural that we mainly come across with American films, while changing the tV-channels in vain (particularly comedies and thrillers with the same stories) We can rightly ask the question: Is this the globalisation or the result of globalisation?

In my view globalisation means more, which is a process of a long internationalization, now we can just suspect the terminal of it, but it cannot

1 The most important literature used in this article are: BErNEK Ágnes – KoNCZ István – LAMM Vanda: Az új világrend és az emberi jogok –a globalizáció komplex hatásai.; BErNEK Ágnes: A globális világpolitikai földrajza. Budapest 2005.; BoDoNyI Ilona: Rendészeti politológia I. Budapest rtF 2007.; BUKoVICS István: A természeti és civilizációs katasztrófák elleni védekezés rendészettudományi szempontú elemzése. Előtanulmány az átfogó Rendészeti Stratégia társadalmi vitájához. Budapest, 2008.; CSÉFALVAy Zoltán Globalizáció 1.0 és Globalizáció 2.0. Nemzeti tankönyvkiadó, Budapest. 2004.; DEÁK Péter: A globalizáció új erőszakformái. http://publikon.hu/application/essay/297_1.pdf; FINSZtEr Géza: A rendészeti rendszer alkotmányos és közjogi alapjai számú előtanulmány az átfogó rendészeti stratégia társadalmi vitájához. Budapest 2008.; FÓrIZS Sándor: „Rendészeti kihívások – németországi válaszok” Konferencia előadás anyaga. Pécs 2013.; FÖLDES Gy. – INotAI A.: A globalizáció kihívásai és Magyarország. Napvilág Kiadó, 2003.; HEGyALJAI Mátyás:

Az Europol új jogi alapja. Konferencia előadás anyaga. Pécs 2013; KÓNyA Csaba:

terrorizmus – biztonság a globalizáció tükrében. Korunk 2005/augusztus; rItECZ György: Kockázat elemzés mint a kihívások megismerésének alapja. Konferencia előadás anyaga, Pécs 2013.; SALLAI János (szerk.): Gazdaságföldrajzi és gazdaságtörténeti alapok.

Székesfehérvár 2010.; tEKE András: A változásokkal összefüggő kihívások kezelésének tipizálható problematikája korunk rendészetében. Konferencia előadás anyaga, Pécs 2013.;

VArGA János: A rendészeti kooperáció, koordináció és monitoring jelentősége.

Határrendészeti tanulmányok 2012/2: 5-7.; VArGA János: A schengeni eszme uniós biztonsági rendszerré válásának kiteljesedése és távlatai. In: Zbornik z medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie. Postavenie Schengenského acquis v systéme politík Európskych spoločenstiev.

Bratislava, 2008. 77-89.

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be predicted, however some of us tried to undertake it. For instance robert reich, who predicted the followings in 1991:„There will not be national products any more, technologies, national companies or national industries.

There will not be national economies either in terms as it can be seen today.

Almost every production factor- capital, technology, factories, and equipments- will move easily crossing out the borders and the definition of American economy will become meaningless such as the definition of American company, the American capital, the American products and even the American technology. Similar changes are happening in other countries, at some places faster or more spectacularly.”²

In my opinion Americans would outrage the best if their national products and industries had disappeared by 2013. In addition to I suppose that Bill Clinton’s former first commissioner of works sketched the future in the right way.In addition to the represanter of globalist viewpoint, robert reich we have to mention David Held, who stands the mind of skepticals, in contrast with the hyper globalists. According to his view: „Those who consider the current globalisation as an existing and determing historical process are namely the hyper globalists and those who think that the globalisation is only an ideological and social buildup which posses a slight power of explanatory are the skepticals.”

Concerning the definition of globalisation I suppose that Anthony Giddens’

definition gives for us the biggest help: „Globalisation is the growing of intensity of comprehensive social relationships, by means of it remote places link with each other so that processes which happen in distance of many kilometers influence the occurring event in other places.” According to Giddens, the „face to face” interaction which demands spatial and accrual presence is decreasing in our time, at the same time the social and economical relationships seceding from the fixity of time and place more and more are coming to the front. In our times it comes to natural that internet, getting in touch by cell-phone, making business or any other ordinary activity do not require personal attendance.( e.g. dealing with money, transactions etc.) However the meaning of globalisation is this changing. Interactions-seceding from the fixity of time and place- enable for geographical places, relationships between the local actors as well as bilateral suspension-systems to extend as a global scale. As a matter of fact world became a large village, where everyone depend on others and every equipment. today it mustn’t be said that which happens in the USA or in China is far away from us and cannot concern us in Europe or in Hungary. Just think of the flood in Thailand which affected

2 rEICH, robert B.: The Work of Nations. Alfred A. Knopf, New york, 1991. 3.

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the distributing of micro chips as it was stalled for a while, hereby the transportation to Japan has been canceled, which influenced the European car-construction.

After the above mentioned introduction, sketchily the main features of the globalisation are:

• linking of the world

• strengthening of forcing growing

• economical, cultural homogenization, consumer society

• economical polarization, growing of the incoming differences

• the concentration of political and economical power beyond the democratically controlled area

• growing of overpopulation

• strengthening of the environmental and social problems

• degradation of citizens rights

• developing and acceleration of information and communication technologies

Due to the industrial revolutions in the past two centuries societies, customs of people transformed entirely. today it comes to natural that anyone can be available from any point of the world. The aim of the study is not the analysis of globalisation due to the limit of the extension but I think it is very important to overview it because of introducing and understanding of the challenges of law enforcement. It is essential to mention that due to the revolution of data transmission anyone is able to possess the newest, the most modern information-technology-equipment, which can be used for committing crime. As a consequence of the industrial-technological revolution, today using cars, flying, labeled sport, fashion and other equipments became available. Illegal users get the chance to fake and distribute labeled products without limits because of the result of this process on the one hand (beyond the fact that it is a crime) it goes against the interest of the producers and the owners of the license, deceive the exacting consumers, moreover in some cases ( e.g. producing of fake medicines.) it threatens the personal safety.

Due to the industrial revolutions and permanently developing world we are able to meet a lot of new incidents which have been unknown previously, therefore it means new challenges and at the same time new chances for the offenders. Whilst earlier the coming out of money motivated the offenders to forge money, today by spreading of using credit cards the forging of credit cards or abusing of using cards mean a lot of chances for some crime groups.

Cell-phones and internet are the symbolic products of globalisation. Now almost everyone possesses cell-phones, laptops and internet connection,

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whereby they arrange their private, official and financial terms and handle their purchase. At the same time it is the hotbed of the most modern criminal incident. Simultaneously it multiplies the importance of the security of our personal dates. The using of cell-phones give assistance for the organised crime groups to achieve their goals. For instance in coordination of the act. The leader and coordinator of the crime need not to stay at the location of criminal act (moreover the leader of the organised crime group may live at any point of the Earth, the criminal network can extend to more countries, continent) he or she is able to organize, operate and control of the criminal act by different equipments.

These things exemplify well that the new incidents brought along new challenges, which come forward at policing as well.

In my view in the global world of 21st century, policing, criminal investigation have to face with the following challenges and risks:

• Due to the linkness of the world the growing of the organised crime and the cyber crime means new chances as the elite part of the criminality.

The data-gatherers’ aim is to acquire the well-useable datas-as a financial profit- in different ways as short time as possible for instance by sending e-mail³, text message, deception based internet calling (VoIP). Even sendings trojan programs⁴. The “borderless and faceless” cyber criminality⁵ create unique and specific challanges of criminal investigation⁶ Unfortunately internet gives opportunity for the child sex persecution.

• Because of the internationalization, the free flowing of persons, labor force and the different quality of life between South and North, migration means the wandering of more than hundreds of people. Migration is one of the biggest challenge for the policy of the whole world as it unfortunately contains human smugglings, prostitution, child trafficking,

3 one of the data-gatherers’ easiest and the most popular method is sending a warning email from a fake email on behalf of a bank, afterwards they ask a password-changing which helps to enter the careless and deluded users’ bank account.. The improved version of this method is to guide the deluded user to a website by sending an email which includes a link that is a perfect copy of that bank or the page of the internet store. After that it is easy to carry out the crime namely they are able to purchase or transact money etc. from the careless user’s bank account.

4 The receipt is simple as all of us use internet and download files. Thus beyond the big-size

“datapacks” a trojan program arrived on our computer unperceived. Then this trojan program handles the bank process easily, by means of it the transaction gets to the swindler’s bank account by changing the target-account.

5 one example: appropriating of almost 45 million dollar through the internet and by coordinated operation from 26 countries’s bank AtM. Source: Conference of Interpol (orFK) 2013.05.16

6 Lecture at the Conference of Interpol (orFK) on 16^th May 2013.

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organised and other significant crimes. The organised crime as the negative factor of migration makes the struggle difficult for the criminal investigation as the criminal groups make profit by means of it, they are able to obtain the most modern information-technology-equipments for forging documents.

• Due to the industrial- technological revolutions and development today almost limitless chances can be available for excellent( almost equivalent with the original one) forgery of any products, document, currency etc.

Thus the identification of products, documents are serious challenges for the experts. In case of consumer goods for the ordinary consumer it is hopeless to realize the difference between the fake and the original products which can be disastrous for them( for instance in case of buying food, medicines.)

• Although the birth of terrorism cannot be associated with migration, but the global world ensure the chance for occurring of this type of crimes at any point of the earth.

• Policing challenges of danger situations, ensued disasters due to the effect of global warming. E.g. flood, migration, lack of freshwater etc.

The population of the earth tripled, today it means more than 7 billion inhabitants. The evolved demographic crisis, also poverty are a significant challeng for the countries’ governments. In several countries it created and are also going to create society conflicts in the future.

• The policing task of dangerous situations and disasters due to the growing of environmental harm and the lack of economical balance.

• The multinational companies, the MNCs remade the economic fields as well as acquired significant political influences, which weakened the influence and will of nation states.