thermal sensation
Experiment was accomplished by ...
...
...
...
Teacher:
...
Date:
...
Aims of the practical lesson (brief definition in a few sentences)
Introduction (can be continued on a separate sheet if needed)
1. Brief introduction to human senses – main characteristics of physiological features influencing visual, aud-itory, thermal or tactile perception (summary of the most important facts in regard to the analysis of the practical data)
Human vision
1. Structure of the human eye:
a) Opthalmoscopy on an artificial eye model Summary of the observations:
a) Create a schematic drawing in the outlined area below indicating the most characteristic features seen inside the artificial eye model! Mark the position of theblind spot (optic disc)and thefovea centralis!
Choose 2 colours and shade that area wherecones(... colour) androds(... colour) are located!
b) Which eye does the the artificial eye model represent?
left eye right eye
c) Is there a difference in the distribution of rods and conese? yes no Does it influence any physiological properties of human vision?
...
...
...
b)use of the sclera lamp: blood vessel shadow experiment
a) Give a short description how the task was carried out (in case it is needed, continue on a separate sheet):
...
...
...
b) Summary of the observations:
...
...
...
...
2. Determining the field of view: perimetry
Give a short description how the task was carried out(in case it is needed, continue on a separate sheet):
...
...
...
...
...
Summary of the observations: number of the attached recording(s):...
which coloured field of view was tested? red green blue
a) Is there a difference between the size of the black-and-white or coloured field of vision?
yes no
Explain your findings!
...
...
...
b) Is there a difference between the position of the blind spot in case of the black-and-white or coloured field of vision? yes no
Where is the blind spot on the recordings?
...
Why does blind spot develop?
...
...
...
c) Is there a difference between the size of the normal (control) and the Subject's field of vision?
yes no
How can you explain it? How the size of the field of view is influenced?
...
...
...
...
3. Testing the sharpness of vision (Snellen tables)
Give a short description how the task was carried out(in case it is needed, continue on a separate sheet):
...
...
...
...
Summary of the observations:
a) Does the Subject have normal vision (emmetropic eye)? yes no If not, what kind of refraction abnormalities does (s)he have?
...
...
...
b) The figure below shows the cross section of a normal (emmetropic) eye:
c) Indicate on the left figure below where the image is focused in the Subject's investigated eye! In case (s)he needs any correction (e.g. in case ofmyopia(nearsightedness) orhypermetropia(farsightedness) ), indicate on the right figure how the necessary correction can be carried out by glasses.
Subject's vision: myopia hypermetropia
4. Testing spherical curvature problems: astigmatism
Give a short description how the task was carried out(in case it is needed, continue on a separate sheet):
...
...
...
...
...
Summary of the observations:
a) What kind of refraction abnormality is called as astigmatism?
...
...
...
b) Why is the Placido's disc useful to determine astigmatic eye?
...
...
...
c) How can astigmatism be corrected?
...
...
...
5. Testing colour blindness (Stilling-Ishihara tables)
Give a short description how the task was carried out(in case it is needed, continue on a separate sheet):
...
...
...
...
...
Summary of the observations:
a) When do we talk about colour blindness?
...
...
...
b) What type(s) of colour blindness can develop?
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
c) Who has the higher chance to have colour blindness? females males equal How can you explain it?
...
...
...
...
...
Human hearing 1. Audiometry
Give a short description how the task was carried out(in case it is needed, continue on a separate sheet):
...
...
...
...
Summary of the observations: number of the attached recording(s):...
a) In which frequency range did the Subject have the lowest auditory threshold?
right ear: ... left ear:...
Was it the same as expected? yes no
Expain the observed findings and any differences between the observed and expected auditory threshold values!
...
...
...
c) Are there any diferences between the auditory values of the left and the right ear?
yes no
Explain the observed findings!
...
...
...
d) What kind of effects can lead to prominent increase in auditory threshold values? Give some examples!
...
...
...
...
e) How the pitch of the tone is influenced? How can we distinguish between higher and lower pitch?
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Summary of the observations:
a) In which case did you hear for a longer time the sound of the vibrating soundfork?
in case the vibrating soundfork was placed to the top of the head ... to the teeth to the teeth ... close to the ear
to the top of the head ... close to the ear b) In case of the Subject,
air conductance bone conductance was more efficient
c) Explain your findings! Did you get the expected changes? If not, what can be the reason for the differences?
...
...
...
...
...
d) How and when can it happen that bone conductance works more efficiently than air conductance?
...
...
...
...
Tactile and thermal sensation 1. Investigating thermal sensations a) adaptation of thermoreceptors Summary of the observations:
a) When the two hands were immersed at the same time to cold or warm water, in which case did you observe faster adaptation
cold receptors warm receptors b) Explain your observations!
...
...
...
...
...
...
b)relative sensitivity of thermoreceptors Summary of the observations:
a) What did you observe when the two hands, adapted previously to cold or warm water, were immsersed at the same time to room temperature water?
in case of the hand immersed previously to warm water: ...
...
in case of the hand immersed previously to cold water: ...
...
b) Explain your findings!
...
...
...
...
...
2. Tactile sensitivity: testing mechanical discrimination thresholds Summary of the observations:
a) List the discrimination threshold values determined in the following areas:
fingerpad:... palm:... back of the hand: ...
lower arm:... upper arm:... back:...
tight:...
b) Explain your observations!
...
...
...
...
...
...
Definitions
sensory threshold:...
...
sensory discrimination:...
...
decibel:...
...
dioptria:...
...
perimetry...